Return of the Wayfaring Duck Story and Drawings by William Avery, Ph.D
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The The American River Natural History Association ACORN Number 166 www.arnha.org Winter 2013/2014 Return of the Wayfaring Duck story and drawings by William Avery, Ph.D. The migrating diving ducks have returned, so it must observed between Barrow’s Goldeneyes and Common be fall on the American River. They bring with them their *ROGHQH\HV K\EULGVKDYHOHVVGLVWLQFWZKLWHFUHVFHQWV summer offspring looking almost all grown up now. The than Barrow’s and maroon, rather than green, head irides- *ROGHQH\HVDQG%XIÁHKHDGV JHQXV%XFHSKDODIRU´R[µRU cence). Cross-genus hybrids have been observed between ´EXIIDORµDQG´KHDGµVRQDPHGEHFDXVHRI WKHUHODWLYHO\ %XIÁHKHDGVDQG+RRGHG0HUJDQVHUV VHHSibley’s Guide to large head and steep foreheads) belong to the ancient goose Birds for more complete descriptions). and duck family Anatidae, which also contains the more fa- *ROGHQH\HVDQG%XIÁHKHDGVDUHDOVRIDLWKIXOWRWKHLU miliar Canada Geese and dabbling ducks such as Mallards and overwintering areas, so the ones we are seeing on the Ameri- Wood Ducks. But Bucephala also belong to an elite subfamily can River now are probably ones we have seen in previous - Merginae - the sea ducks. Other close relatives within this years. They are even more faithful to their breeding territories subfamily include the eiders, scoters and mergansers such îDOZD\VUHWXUQLQJWRWKHVDPHZRRGHGODNHVDQGULYHUV as our familiar year-round resident the Common Merganser WRPLOHVWRWKHQRUWKLQ&DQDGDDQG$ODVND,QIDFW and also the smaller more migratory Hooded Merganser. see Goldeneyes on page 3 The occasionally seen Ruddy Duck, though also a diver, does not belong to this subfamily. 1DWXUH)HVW([KLELWV And so our wayfaring sea ducks have returned to their 'UDZ9LVLWRUVIURP$IDU southern home, but even by Margaret Leavitt and Peter Hayes though the Goldeneyes and %XIÁHKHDGVZHQWQRUWKZLWK /RQJWLPH(IÀH<HDZ1DWXUH&HQWHUVXSSRUWHUVIDPLOLHV reproduction on their agen- GLVFRYHULQJ(<1&IRUWKHÀUVWWLPH(<1&QHLJKERUVDQG das, they did so monoga- YLVLWRUVIURPDVIDUDZD\DV(XURSHîRYHUSHRSOHLQ mously. These birds gen- WRWDOîDWWHQGHGWKHWKLUGDQQXDO1DWXUH)HVWKHOGDW(<1& erally mate for many RQ6XQGD\2FWREHU$ZDUPVXQQ\DXWXPQGD\ years, if not for life with leaves and acorns crunching underfoot, offered perfect ZKLFKPD\ODVWORQ- ZHDWKHUIRUJXLGHGQDWXUHZDONVE\(<1&GRFHQWVDQGIRU ger than 18 years) GLVSOD\VDQGSUHVHQWDWLRQVE\WZHQW\ÀYHH[KLELWRUVRQVXE- îEXW WKHUH DUH jects as diverse as ethnobotany, electric power, Maidu basket variations on making, backyard bird watching, rattlesnakes, abalone crafts, this theme. QDWLYHIURJVÁ\ÀVKLQJDQGQDWXUHHGXFDWLRQIRUFKLOGUHQ There are Entertainment, creativity, education, and the natural world LQÀGHOLWLHV DOOFDPHWRJHWKHUXQGHUWKH(<1&RDNVLQDQHYHQWWKDWKDV and in- become an early fall tradition in Sacramento. teresting Visitors of all ages had the chance to touch and identify hybridiza- the beautiful animal pelts at the Stone Lakes Wildlife Refuge tions between booth and learn more about activities at the Refuge. Volun- species. Cross-spe- teers from Sacramento-Sierra Trout Unlimited and California cies hybrids have been see NatureFest on page 5 Holiday Sale at EYNC Discovery Shopv6DWXUGD\'HFHPEHUDPWRSP President President’s Message Diana Parker First Vice President 'HDU$51+$0HPEHUV Liz Williamson Second Vice President, Publications Peggy Kennedy 'LG,VHH\RXDW1DWXUH)HVW",WZDVWKHWKLUGDQGWKHEHVW1DWXUH)HVW\HW,Q Third Vice President DGGLWLRQWRWKHVSHFLDO(<1&SURJUDPVRYHUH[KLELWRUVKHOSHGWRPDNHWKLV Bud Banker DPRVWLQWHUDFWLYHH[SHULHQFHIRUWKLV\HDU·VDWWHQGHHV Recording Secretary Claudia Hulbe ,I \RXKDYHQ·WEHHQWRWKH1DWXUH&HQWHULQDZKLOHWKHQ\RX·YHPLVVHGVHHLQJ Treasurer WKHFR\RWH V" WKDWKDYHWDNHQXSUHVLGHQFHDW$QFLO+RIIPDQ3DUN:LWKGXVN Donald R. (Don) Mongeau occurring earlier each evening, treat yourself to a trip to the Center to watch the turkeys lumber off the hill and land in a nearby tree for a good night’s sleep. Members at Large Noah Baygell And while you’re visiting us at the Center, stop by the gift shop and pick up Marsha Bedwell DFRS\RI WKHXSGDWHGDQGFRORUYHUVLRQRI $51+$·V2XWGRRU:RUOG,W·VKRW Hunter Merritt off the press and will make a thoughtful gift for family and friends who enjoy Bill Spaller Linda Thomas the parkway. David Wade $V$51+$URXQGVWKHEHQGRILWVIRXUWK\HDURIÀVFDODQGRSHUDWLRQDO Larry Washington UHVSRQVLELOLW\IRUWKH(IÀH<HDZ1DWXUH&HQWHUZHKDYHPDQ\UHDVRQV to give thanks. Associate Members Paula Baldi 7KHGHGLFDWHGVWDII DWWKH1DWXUH&HQWHUFRQWLQXHVWRGHOLYHUQDWXUDOVFLHQFH Dick Barbar programs to children of all ages both at the Center and in the classroom. Katie Baygell Lisa Burke Our many docents and volunteers generously continue to give their time and Bill Dillinger H[SHUWLVHWRHQVXUHWKDWWKH(<1&SURJUDPVDQGIDFLOLWLHVDQG$51+$SXEOLFD- Cindy Dunning tions and events can be enjoyed throughout the year. Beth Etgen Kathy Fleming Our members, sponsors and donors continue to value the contribution that Bud Getty $51+$SURYLGHVWRWKHFRPPXQLW\WKURXJKWKH(<1&VSHFLDOSURJUDPVDQG Peter Hayes Lou Heinrich events, and publications that educate about natural science and environmental Mia Hershiser VWHZDUGVKLS:LWK\RXUJHQHURVLW\WKH1DWXUH&HQWHUFRQWLQXHVWRRIIHUQDWXUDO Molly Keller Bruce Kennedy science programs for children and adults. Beryl Michaels $VZHVWULYHWRUDLVHDQQXDOO\WKURXJKJUDQWVVSRQVRUVKLSVDQG Deborah Moskovitz Lia Robertson donations, your continued support is much appreciated. When you receive our Eric SanGregorio DQQXDODSSHDO,KRSH\RXZLOOJLYHJHQHURXVO\ Kip Skidmore T. George Smith Greg Voelm Warmest regards, Connie Wade Betsy Weiland Lynn White Lee Wilner Roberta Wilner Representatives to other groups: Commission on History and Science Give the Gift of Nature Greg Voelm Parkway Advisory Committee Are you looking for a holiday or birthday gift for a loved one living in a Betsy Weiland senior residence in the Sacramento area? Save the American River Association Betsy Weiland American River Parkway Coalition EYNC’s Young at Heart Program provides the unusual experience of observ- Katie Baygell & Peggy Kennedy ing and learning about nature. EYNC naturalists work with the residence staff to design a program, such as bringing an owl or raptor for interested ARNHA residents to their site or leading a guided walk at EYNC. American River Natural History Association 32%R[&DUPLFKDHO&$ ZZZDUQKDRUJ Now, you can honor the senior in your life by donating a nature program to his or her residence. The Young at Heart program can accommodate The AcornLVSXEOLVKHGTXDUWHUO\RQSDUWO\UHF\FOHG paper by $51+$D F QRQSUR¿WRUJDQL]DWLRQ a variety of physical abilities. Contact Betty Cooper at EYNC (916) 489- Letters to the editor should be sent to the address above. 4918 or at [email protected]. 2 Visit the (IÀH<HDZ1DWXUH&HQWHUORFDWHGDW6DQ/RUHQ]R:D\LQ&DUPLFKDHOZZZDUQKDRUJ Goldeneyes, continued from page 1 direct help. Sometimes female Gold- eyes. Juveniles have duller, greenish they always try to return to the very eneyes will abandon their own broods H\HV$GXOW%XIÁHKHDGVDOOKDYHEODFN VDPHWUHH %XWFRPSHWLWLRQIRUQHVW which will then join larger broods, or eyes. Males have a large band of white VLWHVLVÀHUFH7KHVHELUGVDUHDOOFDYLW\ FUHFKHVWHQGHGE\H[FHSWLRQDOO\GHGL- wrapping around the back of the head. nesters relying on the holes created by cated mothers. The precocial babies are )HPDOHVDUHJUD\DQGGDUNEURZQZLWK ZRRGSHFNHUV QHDUO\DOZD\VQRUWKHUQ IDLUO\VHOIVXIÀFLHQWDQGEHJLQGLYLQJIRU a small oval patch of lighter feathers ÁLFNHUVLQWKHFDVHRI %XIÁHKHDGV 7KH aquatic insects and other tiny aquatic in- behind the eye. VPDOOHU%XIÁHKHDGVVHHNRXWVPDOOHU vertebrates entirely on their own. After :KHQWKH\ÀUVWDUULYHWKHÁRFNV QHVWFDYLWLHVVSHFLÀFDOO\WRDYRLGEHLQJ about 8 weeks, they are ready for their RI GLYLQJGXFNVDUHVNLWWLVKDQGÁLJKW\ evicted by the larger Goldeneyes. Other ÀUVWÁLJKW$VWKH\RXQJPDWXUHWKHLU when approached either on shore or competitors for the nest cavities include plumage begins to resemble more close- by boat but after a few weeks have squirrels, bluebirds, wrens, Tree Swal- ly that of the adults. The adults use this VHWWOHGLQWRDPRUHUHOD[HGURXWLQH ORZVDQG6FUHHFK2ZOV1HVWFDYLWLHV time to molt and replace their feathers and dive underwater for insect larvae, can be the limiting factor for reproduc- with new plumage too. By September crustaceans, other invertebrates, small tive success, and so maintaining healthy or October when it is time to return to ÀVKHVDQGRFFDVLRQDOO\VRPHDOJDHDQG forests surrounding all northern lakes the southern wintering grounds, all the plant material. They swim underwater and rivers is essential for conservation juveniles look a lot like adult females of with sideways kick strokes using their RI WKHVHVSHFLHV1HVWER[HVKDYHDOVR each species. SRZHUIXOOHJVDQGZHEEHGIHHW3URSXO- proved to be very helpful in population ,QODWH6HSWHPEHUWRPLG2FWREHU sion underwater may be augmented by recovery efforts. they return to us, in high-velocity for- closely folded wingbeats and a sort of During the time that we are missing WKHPGRZQKHUHWKH%XIÁHKHDGVDQG Goldeneyes are living intensely up in the northern taiga. The hens line the bottom of the tree cavities with down that they plucked from their breasts, lay 7 to EOXLVKJUHHQHJJV RU FUHDP\ZKLWHIRU%XIÁH- heads), and then incubate them for about 28 days, all the while fending off potential intruders. These intruders may include other females lacking a nest cavity of their own, at- PDWLRQVDWDOWLWXGHVRI WR porpoising motion of their necks and tempting to dump their eggs into the feet or more, on fast-beating wings, the backs. clutch. This happens a lot, especially Goldeneyes whistling distinctively with *ROGHQH\HVDQG%XIÁHKHDGVVWHHU