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Chinese (Chin) 1
CHINESE (CHIN) 1 CHIN 242. Chinese Qin Music. 3 Credits. CHINESE (CHIN) This course offers students an opportunity to learn the aesthetics, culture, and history of qin, and study the music through learning the CHIN 101. Elementary Chinese I. 4 Credits. beginning levels of qin pieces. Introduction to Mandarin Chinese, focusing on pronunciation, simple Gen Ed: VP, BN, EE- Performing Arts. conversation, and basic grammar. Reading and writing Chinese Grading status: Letter grade. characters are also taught. Writing Chinese characters is required. Four CHIN 244. Introduction to Modern Chinese Culture through Cinema. 3 hours per week. Students may not receive credit for both CHIN 101 or Credits. CHIN 102 and CHIN 111. This course uses select feature and documentary films, supplemented by Gen Ed: FL. texts of critical and creative literature, to introduce students to a broad Grading status: Letter grade. overview of modern China since the mid-19th century, focusing on the CHIN 102. Elementary Chinese II. 4 Credits. major events that have shaped a turbulent course of decline, revolution, Continued training in listening, speaking, reading, and writing on everyday and resurgence. topics. Writing Chinese characters is required. Four hours per week. Gen Ed: VP, BN. Students may not receive credit for both CHIN 101 or CHIN 102 and Grading status: Letter grade. CHIN 111. CHIN 252. Introduction to Chinese Culture through Narrative. 3 Credits. Requisites: Prerequisite, CHIN 101. This course shows how Chinese historical legends define and transmit Gen Ed: FL. the values, concepts, figures of speech, and modes of behavior that Grading status: Letter grade. constitute Chinese culture. -
A Corpus Study of the 3 Tone Sandhi in Standard Chinese
A Corpus Study of the 3 rd Tone Sandhi in Standard Chinese Yiya Chen 1, Jiahong Yuan 2 1 Department of Linguistics, Radboud University Nijmegen 2 Department of Linguistics, University of Pennsylvania [email protected], [email protected] (Zhang 1988, Shih 1997, M. Chen 2000, Chen 2003, Chen Abstract 2004). Speer et al. (1989) show that listeners are indeed In Standard Chinese, a Low tone (Tone3) is often realized sensitive to a constituent’s phrasal structure in judging the application of the 3 rd tone Sandhi to constituents which could with a rising F0 contour before another Low tone, known as the 3rd tone Sandhi. This study investigates the acoustic be ambiguous between an underlying Rising tone and a characteristics of the 3rd tone Sandhi in Standard Chinese Sandhi Rising tone. Their results suggest the possibility that the higher linguistic boundary it is between two Low tones, using a large telephone conversation speech corpus. Sandhi rd Rising was found to be different from the underlying Rising the less likely the 3 tone sandhi rule is applied. With regard tone (Tone2) in bi-syllabic words in two measures: the to the difference between the underlying Rising tone and the Sandhi Rising tone, Peng (2000) show that the F0 maximum magnitude of the F 0 rising and the time span of the F 0 rising. We also found different effects of word frequency on Sandhi of SR is lower than R. Furthermore, in fast speech, a Sandhi Rising and the underlying Rising tones. Finally, for tri- Rising tone may flatten and show no apparent F0 rise (Kuo, syllabic constituents with Low tone only, constituent Xu, and Yip, to appear). -
Cantonese Vs. Mandarin: a Summary
Cantonese vs. Mandarin: A summary JMFT October 21, 2015 This short essay is intended to summarise the similarities and differences between Cantonese and Mandarin. 1 Introduction The large geographical area that is referred to as `China'1 is home to many languages and dialects. Most of these languages are related, and fall under the umbrella term Hanyu (¡£), a term which is usually translated as `Chinese' and spoken of as though it were a unified language. In fact, there are hundreds of dialects and varieties of Chinese, which are not mutually intelligible. With 910 million speakers worldwide2, Mandarin is by far the most common dialect of Chinese. `Mandarin' or `guanhua' originally referred to the language of the mandarins, the government bureaucrats who were based in Beijing. This language was based on the Bejing dialect of Chinese. It was promoted by the Qing dynasty (1644{1912) and later the People's Republic (1949{) as the country's lingua franca, as part of efforts by these governments to establish political unity. Mandarin is now used by most people in China and Taiwan. 3 Mandarin itself consists of many subvarities which are not mutually intelligible. Cantonese (Yuetyu (£) is named after the city Canton, whose name is now transliterated as Guangdong. It is spoken in Hong Kong and Macau (with a combined population of around 8 million), and, owing to these cities' former colonial status, by many overseas Chinese. In the rest of China, Cantonese is relatively rare, but it is still sometimes spoken in Guangzhou. 2 History and etymology It is interesting to note that the Cantonese name for Cantonese, Yuetyu, means `language of the Yuet people'. -
Singapore Mandarin Chinese : Its Variations and Studies
This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Singapore Mandarin Chinese : its variations and studies Lin, Jingxia; Khoo, Yong Kang 2018 Lin, J., & Khoo, Y. K. (2018). Singapore Mandarin Chinese : its variations and studies. Chinese Language and Discourse, 9(2), 109‑135. doi:10.1075/cld.18007.lin https://hdl.handle.net/10356/136920 https://doi.org/10.1075/cld.18007.lin © 2018 John Benjamins Publishing Company. All rights reserved. This paper was published in Chinese Language and Discourse and is made available with permission of John Benjamins Publishing Company. Downloaded on 26 Sep 2021 00:28:12 SGT To appear in Chinese Language and Discourse (2018) Singapore Mandarin Chinese: Its Variations and Studies* Jingxia Lin and Yong Kang Khoo Nanyang Technological University Abstract Given the historical and linguistic contexts of Singapore, it is both theoretically and practically significant to study Singapore Mandarin (SM), an important member of Global Chinese. This paper aims to present a relatively comprehensive linguistic picture of SM by overviewing current studies, particularly on the variations that distinguish SM from other Mandarin varieties, and to serve as a reference for future studies on SM. This paper notes that (a) current studies have often provided general descriptions of the variations, but less on individual variations that may lead to more theoretical discussions; (b) the studies on SM are primarily based on the comparison with Mainland China Mandarin; (c) language contact has been taken as the major contributor of the variation in SM, whereas other factors are often neglected; and (d) corpora with SM data are comparatively less developed and the evaluation of data has remained largely in descriptive statistics. -
Mandarin Chinese As a Second Language: a Review of Literature Wesley A
The University of Akron IdeaExchange@UAkron The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors Honors Research Projects College Fall 2015 Mandarin Chinese as a Second Language: A Review of Literature Wesley A. Spencer The University Of Akron, [email protected] Please take a moment to share how this work helps you through this survey. Your feedback will be important as we plan further development of our repository. Follow this and additional works at: http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects Part of the Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons, Chinese Studies Commons, International and Intercultural Communication Commons, and the Modern Languages Commons Recommended Citation Spencer, Wesley A., "Mandarin Chinese as a Second Language: A Review of Literature" (2015). Honors Research Projects. 210. http://ideaexchange.uakron.edu/honors_research_projects/210 This Honors Research Project is brought to you for free and open access by The Dr. Gary B. and Pamela S. Williams Honors College at IdeaExchange@UAkron, the institutional repository of The nivU ersity of Akron in Akron, Ohio, USA. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Research Projects by an authorized administrator of IdeaExchange@UAkron. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Running head: MANDARIN CHINESE AS A SECOND LANGUAGE 1 Mandarin Chinese as a Second Language: A Review of Literature Abstract Mandarin Chinese has become increasing prevalent in the modern world. Accordingly, research of Chinese as a second language has developed greatly over the past few decades. This paper reviews research on the difficulties of acquiring a second language in general and research that specifically details the difficulty of acquiring Chinese as a second language. -
Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Cantonese As
Language Specific Peculiarities Document for Cantonese as Spoken in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China 1. Dialects The name "Cantonese" is used either for all of the language varieties spoken in specific regions in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China and Hong Kong (i.e., the Yue dialects of Chinese), or as one particular variety referred to as the "Guangfu group" (Bauer & Benedict 1997). In instances where Cantonese is described as 'Cantonese "proper"' (i.e. used in the narrower sense), it refers to a variety of Cantonese that is spoken in the capital cities Guangzhou and Nanning, as well as in Hong Kong and Macau. This database includes Cantonese as spoken in the Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces of China only (i.e. not in Hong Kong); five dialect groups have been defined for Cantonese (see the following table)1. Three general principles have been used in defining these dialect groupings: (i) phonological variation, (ii) geographical variation, and (iii) lexical variation. With relation to phonological variation, although Cantonese is spoken in all of the regions listed in the table, there are differences in pronunciation. Differences in geographic locations also correlate with variations in lexical choice. Cultural differences are also correlated with linguistic differences, particularly in lexical choices. Area Cities (examples) Central Guangzhou, Conghua, Fogang (Shijiao), Guangdong Longmen, Zengcheng, Huaxian Group Northern Shaoguan, Qijiang, Lian Xian, Liannan, Guangdong Yangshan, Yingde, Taiping Group Northern -
Language Management in the People's Republic of China
LANGUAGE AND PUBLIC POLICY Language management in the People’s Republic of China Bernard Spolsky Bar-Ilan University Since the establishment of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, language management has been a central activity of the party and government, interrupted during the years of the Cultural Revolution. It has focused on the spread of Putonghua as a national language, the simplification of the script, and the auxiliary use of Pinyin. Associated has been a policy of modernization and ter - minological development. There have been studies of bilingualism and topolects (regional vari - eties like Cantonese and Hokkien) and some recognition and varied implementation of the needs of non -Han minority languages and dialects, including script development and modernization. As - serting the status of Chinese in a globalizing world, a major campaign of language diffusion has led to the establishment of Confucius Institutes all over the world. Within China, there have been significant efforts in foreign language education, at first stressing Russian but now covering a wide range of languages, though with a growing emphasis on English. Despite the size of the country, the complexity of its language situations, and the tension between competing goals, there has been progress with these language -management tasks. At the same time, nonlinguistic forces have shown even more substantial results. Computers are adding to the challenge of maintaining even the simplified character writing system. As even more striking evidence of the effect of poli - tics and demography on language policy, the enormous internal rural -to -urban rate of migration promises to have more influence on weakening regional and minority varieties than campaigns to spread Putonghua. -
LANGUAGE CONTACT and AREAL DIFFUSION in SINITIC LANGUAGES (Pre-Publication Version)
LANGUAGE CONTACT AND AREAL DIFFUSION IN SINITIC LANGUAGES (pre-publication version) Hilary Chappell This analysis includes a description of language contact phenomena such as stratification, hybridization and convergence for Sinitic languages. It also presents typologically unusual grammatical features for Sinitic such as double patient constructions, negative existential constructions and agentive adversative passives, while tracing the development of complementizers and diminutives and demarcating the extent of their use across Sinitic and the Sinospheric zone. Both these kinds of data are then used to explore the issue of the adequacy of the comparative method to model linguistic relationships inside and outside of the Sinitic family. It is argued that any adequate explanation of language family formation and development needs to take into account these different kinds of evidence (or counter-evidence) in modeling genetic relationships. In §1 the application of the comparative method to Chinese is reviewed, closely followed by a brief description of the typological features of Sinitic languages in §2. The main body of this chapter is contained in two final sections: §3 discusses three main outcomes of language contact, while §4 investigates morphosyntactic features that evoke either the North-South divide in Sinitic or areal diffusion of certain features in Southeast and East Asia as opposed to grammaticalization pathways that are crosslinguistically common.i 1. The comparative method and reconstruction of Sinitic In Chinese historical -
China's Capacity to Manage Infectious Diseases
China’s Capacity to Manage Infectious Diseases CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & Global Implications CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES A Report of the CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies 1800 K Street | Washington, DC 20006 PROJECT DIRECTOR Tel: (202) 887-0200 | Fax: (202) 775-3199 Charles W. Freeman III E-mail: [email protected] | Web: www.csis.org PROJECT EDITOR Xiaoqing Lu March 2009 ISBN 978-0-89206-580-6 CENTER FOR STRATEGIC & Ë|xHSKITCy065806zv*:+:!:+:! CSIS INTERNATIONAL STUDIES China’s Capacity to Manage Infectious Diseases Global Implications A Report of the CSIS Freeman Chair in China Studies PROJECT DIRECTOR Charles W. Freeman III PROJECT EDITOR Xiaoqing Lu March 2009 About CSIS In an era of ever-changing global opportunities and challenges, the Center for Strategic and Inter- national Studies (CSIS) provides strategic insights and practical policy solutions to decisionmak- ers. CSIS conducts research and analysis and develops policy initiatives that look into the future and anticipate change. Founded by David M. Abshire and Admiral Arleigh Burke at the height of the Cold War, CSIS was dedicated to the simple but urgent goal of finding ways for America to survive as a nation and prosper as a people. Since 1962, CSIS has grown to become one of the world’s preeminent public policy institutions. Today, CSIS is a bipartisan, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C. More than 220 full-time staff and a large network of affiliated scholars focus their expertise on defense and security; on the world’s regions and the unique challenges inherent to them; and on the issues that know no boundary in an increasingly connected world. -
Essentials of Standard Chinese Phonetics for Prosthetic Dentistry Xiulian Hu, DMD,1 Ye Lin, MD,1 Cordula Hunold, Phd,2 & Katja Nelson, DDS, Phd3
Essentials of Standard Chinese Phonetics for Prosthetic Dentistry Xiulian Hu, DMD,1 Ye Lin, MD,1 Cordula Hunold, PhD,2 & Katja Nelson, DDS, PhD3 1Beijing University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China 2Goethe Institut, Beijing, China 3Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs Universitat¨ Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany The article is associated with the American College of Prosthodontists’ journal-based continuing education program. It is accompanied by an online continuing education activity worth 1 credit. Please visit www.wileyonlinelearning.com/jopr to complete the activity and earn credit. Keywords Abstract Mandarin; Putonghua; denture; speech; pronunciation; palatogram. Speech adaptation after oral rehabilitation is based on a complex interaction of artic- ulatory and myofunctional factors. The knowledge of basic phonetic principles may Correspondence help clinicians identify phonetic problems associated with prosthodontic treatment. Katja Nelson, Department of Oral and The purpose of this article is to illustrate basic phonetic terminology, standard Chinese Maxillofacial Surgery, Albert-Ludwigs (Putonghua) phonetics, and the anatomic structures relevant for dentistry. In cooper- Universitat¨ Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, ation with a Chinese linguistic specialist, Chinese articulators were selected and are Freiburg 79106, Germany. E-mail: described and compared with English phonetics. Established test words and sentences [email protected] aid the identification of mispronounced articulators and their related dental structures. The pronunciation of most consonants and vowels in standard Chinese is similar to Xiulian Hu received a scholarship grant for ʂ ʂ ʂ this study from the Camlog Foundation. English, but some of them, such as the retropalatals (/zh/ [t ], /ch/ [th ], /sh/ [ ]), have notable differences. -
Kwo/ and /Y/ in Taiwan Mandarin: Social Factors and Phonetic
Article Language and Linguistics /kwo/ and /y/ in Taiwan Mandarin: 17(3) 383–405 © The Author(s) 2016 Social Factors and Phonetic Variation* Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/1606822X15626896 lin.sagepub.com Shu-Chuan Tseng Academia Sinica This article studies three phonological variants of /kwo y/ and the acoustic properties of /o/ and /y/ in 1,159 Taiwan Mandarin face-to-face interviews from social perspectives. Language shift from Southern Min and Hakka towards Taiwan Mandarin, leading to dialect loss, is updated by quantitative evidence derived from a series of sociolinguistic analyses. Social factors including gender, age group, educational level, internet use, and childhood residence significantly correlate with the use of three /kwo y/ variants: the standard form, /w_o/ merger, and /y/ delabialization. The latter two variants are typical Southern Min-accented Mandarin pronunciation. However, results of acoustic analysis of /o/ and /y/ suggest that the influences of Southern Min are significant only in the group with the largest Southern Min exposure. That is, for Taiwan Mandarin in its current form, dialect mixing is progressing due to intensive contact with Southern Min. But it is not a stabilized end form of change, yet. Key words: Interview speech, phonological variants, sociolinguistics, vowel quality 1. Introduction 1.1 Language contact and social factors Much attention has been paid to sociolinguistic research in recent decades covering topics in social stratification, language contact, change, and variation (Chambers & Schilling 2013; Labov 1966; Trudgill 1974; Weinreich 1968). Language contact in a multilingual society may lead to diverse processes of language change (mixing, diffusion, leveling, simplification, reallocation, etc.). -
Chinese (Cantonese) Pdf, Epub, Ebook
CHINESE (CANTONESE) PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Inc. Penton Overseas | 250 pages | 01 Apr 2000 | PENTON OVERSEAS INC | 9781560156185 | English, Chinese | Carlsbad, CA, United States Chinese (Cantonese) PDF Book From these sources we can see how the question of a speech being a language or a dialect is not merely a linguistic issue, but also involves politics. However after reading the other answers and comments of which I think many are excellent , I felt this was missing from the whole picture:. In some ways this is similar to comparing the Italian and Spanish languages, they both share common roots in Latin but have developed into quite different languages. Chinese Language Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for students, teachers, and linguists wanting to discuss the finer points of the Chinese language. Both Mandarin and Cantonese refer to spoken languages that are members of the Sinitic linguistic family. Here is a banner from Hong Kong that shows some written Cantonese. The formal writing in HK and Taiwan is heavily influenced by Mandarin though. Ask Question. Families with children. Therefore Cantonese should be considered to be an independent language. StumpyJoePete Maybe it is a great argument whether it's a different language or dialect. Viewed 7k times. Here are some of the basic characters we have covered in Mandarin Chinese with the Cantonese equivalent. Improve this question. Quick Form Please complete the quick form below, we will get back to you within 12 hours working day. Chinese, Asian. Although Mandarin and Cantonese share some similarities, they differ in many linguistic aspects including phonology, syntax and semantics.