Design of Ice Breaking Ships – Methods and Practises
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure- Present State And
Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present State and Future Potential By Claes Lykke Ragner FNI Report 13/2000 FRIDTJOF NANSENS INSTITUTT THE FRIDTJOF NANSEN INSTITUTE Tittel/Title Sider/Pages Northern Sea Route Cargo Flows and Infrastructure – Present 124 State and Future Potential Publikasjonstype/Publication Type Nummer/Number FNI Report 13/2000 Forfatter(e)/Author(s) ISBN Claes Lykke Ragner 82-7613-400-9 Program/Programme ISSN 0801-2431 Prosjekt/Project Sammendrag/Abstract The report assesses the Northern Sea Route’s commercial potential and economic importance, both as a transit route between Europe and Asia, and as an export route for oil, gas and other natural resources in the Russian Arctic. First, it conducts a survey of past and present Northern Sea Route (NSR) cargo flows. Then follow discussions of the route’s commercial potential as a transit route, as well as of its economic importance and relevance for each of the Russian Arctic regions. These discussions are summarized by estimates of what types and volumes of NSR cargoes that can realistically be expected in the period 2000-2015. This is then followed by a survey of the status quo of the NSR infrastructure (above all the ice-breakers, ice-class cargo vessels and ports), with estimates of its future capacity. Based on the estimated future NSR cargo potential, future NSR infrastructure requirements are calculated and compared with the estimated capacity in order to identify the main, future infrastructure bottlenecks for NSR operations. The information presented in the report is mainly compiled from data and research results that were published through the International Northern Sea Route Programme (INSROP) 1993-99, but considerable updates have been made using recent information, statistics and analyses from various sources. -
Transits of the Northwest Passage to End of the 2019 Navigation Season Atlantic Ocean ↔ Arctic Ocean ↔ Pacific Ocean
TRANSITS OF THE NORTHWEST PASSAGE TO END OF THE 2019 NAVIGATION SEASON ATLANTIC OCEAN ↔ ARCTIC OCEAN ↔ PACIFIC OCEAN R. K. Headland and colleagues 12 December 2019 Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, United Kingdom, CB2 1ER. <[email protected]> The earliest traverse of the Northwest Passage was completed in 1853 but used sledges over the sea ice of the central part of Parry Channel. Subsequently the following 314 complete maritime transits of the Northwest Passage have been made to the end of the 2019 navigation season, before winter began and the passage froze. These transits proceed to or from the Atlantic Ocean (Labrador Sea) in or out of the eastern approaches to the Canadian Arctic archipelago (Lancaster Sound or Foxe Basin) then the western approaches (McClure Strait or Amundsen Gulf), across the Beaufort Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean, through the Bering Strait, from or to the Bering Sea of the Pacific Ocean. The Arctic Circle is crossed near the beginning and the end of all transits except those to or from the central or northern coast of west Greenland. The routes and directions are indicated. Details of submarine transits are not included because only two have been reported (1960 USS Sea Dragon, Capt. George Peabody Steele, westbound on route 1 and 1962 USS Skate, Capt. Joseph Lawrence Skoog, eastbound on route 1). Seven routes have been used for transits of the Northwest Passage with some minor variations (for example through Pond Inlet and Navy Board Inlet) and two composite courses in summers when ice was minimal (transits 149 and 167). -
China's Merchant Marine
“China’s Merchant Marine” A paper for the China as “Maritime Power” Conference July 28-29, 2015 CNA Conference Facility Arlington, Virginia by Dennis J. Blasko1 Introductory Note: The Central Intelligence Agency’s World Factbook defines “merchant marine” as “all ships engaged in the carriage of goods; or all commercial vessels (as opposed to all nonmilitary ships), which excludes tugs, fishing vessels, offshore oil rigs, etc.”2 At the end of 2014, the world’s merchant ship fleet consisted of over 89,000 ships.3 According to the BBC: Under international law, every merchant ship must be registered with a country, known as its flag state. That country has jurisdiction over the vessel and is responsible for inspecting that it is safe to sail and to check on the crew’s working conditions. Open registries, sometimes referred to pejoratively as flags of convenience, have been contentious from the start.4 1 Dennis J. Blasko, Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Army (Retired), a Senior Research Fellow with CNA’s China Studies division, is a former U.S. army attaché to Beijing and Hong Kong and author of The Chinese Army Today (Routledge, 2006).The author wishes to express his sincere thanks and appreciation to Rear Admiral Michael McDevitt, U.S. Navy (Ret), for his guidance and patience in the preparation and presentation of this paper. 2 Central Intelligence Agency, “Country Comparison: Merchant Marine,” The World Factbook, https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2108.html. According to the Factbook, “DWT or dead weight tonnage is the total weight of cargo, plus bunkers, stores, etc., that a ship can carry when immersed to the appropriate load line. -
Regulatory Issues in International Martime Transport
Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economiques Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development __________________________________________________________________________________________ Or. Eng. DIRECTORATE FOR SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INDUSTRY DIVISION OF TRANSPORT REGULATORY ISSUES IN INTERNATIONAL MARTIME TRANSPORT Contact: Mr. Wolfgang Hübner, Head of the Division of Transport, DSTI, Tel: (33 1) 45 24 91 32 ; Fax: (33 1) 45 24 93 86 ; Internet: [email protected] Or. Eng. Or. Document complet disponible sur OLIS dans son format d’origine Complete document available on OLIS in its original format 1 Summary This report focuses on regulations governing international liner and bulk shipping. Both modes are closely linked to international trade, deriving from it their growth. Also, as a service industry to trade international shipping, which is by far the main mode of international transport of goods, has facilitated international trade and has contributed to its expansion. Total seaborne trade volume was estimated by UNCTAD to have reached 5330 million metric tons in 2000. The report discusses the web of regulatory measures that surround these two segments of the shipping industry, and which have a considerable impact on its performance. As well as reviewing administrative regulations to judge whether they meet their intended objectives efficiently and effectively, the report examines all those aspects of economic regulations that restrict entry, exit, pricing and normal commercial practices, including different forms of business organisation. However, those regulatory elements that cover competition policy as applied to liner shipping will be dealt with in a separate study to be undertaken by the OECD Secretariat Many measures that apply to maritime transport services are not part of a regulatory framework but constitute commercial practices of market operators. -
Propeller Operation and Malfunctions Basic Familiarization for Flight Crews
PROPELLER OPERATION AND MALFUNCTIONS BASIC FAMILIARIZATION FOR FLIGHT CREWS INTRODUCTION The following is basic material to help pilots understand how the propellers on turbine engines work, and how they sometimes fail. Some of these failures and malfunctions cannot be duplicated well in the simulator, which can cause recognition difficulties when they happen in actual operation. This text is not meant to replace other instructional texts. However, completion of the material can provide pilots with additional understanding of turbopropeller operation and the handling of malfunctions. GENERAL PROPELLER PRINCIPLES Propeller and engine system designs vary widely. They range from wood propellers on reciprocating engines to fully reversing and feathering constant- speed propellers on turbine engines. Each of these propulsion systems has the similar basic function of producing thrust to propel the airplane, but with different control and operational requirements. Since the full range of combinations is too broad to cover fully in this summary, it will focus on a typical system for transport category airplanes - the constant speed, feathering and reversing propellers on turbine engines. Major propeller components The propeller consists of several blades held in place by a central hub. The propeller hub holds the blades in place and is connected to the engine through a propeller drive shaft and a gearbox. There is also a control system for the propeller, which will be discussed later. Modern propellers on large turboprop airplanes typically have 4 to 6 blades. Other components typically include: The spinner, which creates aerodynamic streamlining over the propeller hub. The bulkhead, which allows the spinner to be attached to the rest of the propeller. -
THE CLIMATE CASE AGAINST ARCTIC DRILLING August 2015
AUGUST 2015 UNTOUCHABLE: THE CLIMATE CASE AGAINST ARCTIC DRILLING August 2015 Conceived, written and researched by Hannah McKinnon with contributions from Steve Kretzmann, Lorne Stockman, and David Turnbull Oil Change International (OCI) exposes the true costs of fossil fuels and identifies and overcomes barriers to the coming transition towards clean energy. Oil Change International works to achieve its mission by producing strategic research and hard-hitting, campaign-relevant investigations; engaging in domestic and international policy and media spaces; and providing leadership in and support for resistance to the political influence of the fossil fuel industry, particularly in North America. www.priceofoil.org Twitter: @priceofoil Greenpeace is the leading independent campaigning organization that uses peaceful protest and creative communication to expose global environmental problems and to promote solutions that are essential to a green and peaceful future. www.greenpeace.org Cover: ©Cobbing/Greenpeace CONTENTS SUMMARY 2 Key Findings 3 UNBURNABLE CARBON 4 ARCTIC OIL FAILS THE CLIMATE TEST 5 THE PERCEPTION OF NEED AND A BET ON CLIMATE FAILURE 6 Arctic Oil Is Too Expensive for the Climate 8 LEADING THE PACK IN THE HUNT FOR UNBURNABLE CARBON 10 STRANDED ASSETS 11 FOSSIL FUEL FATALISM 13 #SHELLNO: PUBLIC ACCOUNTABILITY RISKS 14 CONCLUSION 16 2 SUMMARY There is a clear logic that can be applied to the global challenge of addressing climate change: when you are in a hole, stop digging. An iceberg spotted in calm waters on the edge of Kane Basin, If we are serious about tackling the global climate crisis, we need in late evening light. to stop exploring, expanding, and ultimately exploiting fossil fuels. -
380 FT Towing Tank Justification
UNITED STATES NAVAL ACADEMY Annapolis, Maryland-21402 IN REPLY REFER TO: '7-2-69. From: Superintendent, U. S. Naval Academy To: Chief of Naval Personnel Subj: High Performance Towing Tank Ref: (a) NavPe~s ltr Pers-C322-jk of $ Octo~~r 196$ (b) COMNAVFACENGCOM memo of 1$ September 196$ (c) ENGR DEPT (USNA) INST 11000.2 of 30 June 196$ (d) ENGR DEPT (USNA) Rep'ort E-6$-5 "The Conceptual Design of a High Performance Towing Tank for the U. S ·i Na val Academy," 25 June 196$ . ( e ) "Just!ification for a Hydrodynamics Laboratory at the u. S. Naval Academy," 9 September 1968 I Encl: (1) Speci'fic Justification of a High Performance Towing Tank for the U. S. Naval Academy (2) Procurement of Equipment for a High Performance Towin;g Tank for th.e U. S. Naval Academy ( 3 ) Abst~act of Reference ( d) . 1. References (~) and (b) request further and specific justification fo,r construction of a high performance towing tank in the proposed new Engineering Department building. This justification is found in Enclosure (1). References (c) and (d) desdribe the proposed laboratory, and the required deve·lopment and design work. Enclosure ( 2) outlines possible means of reducing initial development . costs and procur,ing the required equipment. · Enclosure (3) abstracts refere,nce ( d) describing the tank and its equipm~nt. I . I . 2. Although cle~rly recognizing a critical need to save funds, it is my !conviction .that the proposed high perform ance towing tank is justified and must be included _in the proposed. new building. -
Ice Navigation Training
Training for maritime operations in polar waters-fulfillment of the Polar code Sergey Aysinov, MBA, PhD, Director of Professional development programmes Institute Head of Makarov training centre Historical Background Number of Students (2015/2016 academic year) Full time training 5168 Distance learning (all Faculties) 2712 Maritime College (all forms of education) 1376 3317 Teaching Staff (Higher Education) Professors, PH.D. Full time 431 Part time 154 Assistant Professors 221 Branches 72 International Maritime Activity The University experts participate in Russian Federation Delegations as well as IALA, ITF delegations to the regulatory organizations: International Maritime Organization (IMO) and International Labour Organization (ILO) University is a member of: . Executive Committee of International Association of Maritime Universities (IAMU); . International Maritime Lecturers Association (IMLA); . International Sail Training Association (ISTA); . International Maritime Simulator Forum (IMSF); . STENA Association of Maritime Institutions (STAMI) acting under the patronage of shipping company STENA (Sweden) Technological and Personnel resourses Makarov Training Centre: . 46 Modern training simulators, . More than 200 highly professional Engineers, Instructors, Managers, Experts, . More than 170 training programs, . 20+ years of operation, . Approval from Russian Ministry of Transport, Federal Marine and River Transport Agency, other Flag state Administrations, Certification Association “Russian Register”, Russian Maritime Register of Shipping, The Nautical Institute, and others. MTC provides professional simulator training to more than 15 000 trainees from 23+ countries annually without any boundaries. MAKAROV TRAINING CENTRE ICE NAVIGATION TRAINING Start May, 2003 Main Sailing Areas – the Baltics: - St. Petersburg - Primorsk - Vysotsk - Ust’-Luga Number of trainees: 900 + Unicom (Cyprus) – the first partner 2003-2016. What have been changed ? Regulatory base – Polar code, SOLAS and STCW amendments. -
PDF Success Story, Adventure of the Seas
ABB, Marine & Ports, Marine Services ABB’s modernization on Adventure of the Seas increases the lifetime of the vessel and secures the operational reliability. Increasing lifetime of the vessel, securing discussions about life cycle status and ABB’s solution presentations to improve the situation. The actual project was operational reliability, and enhancing the executed in eight months, which is exceptionally short for such maintainability of the vessel. an extensive project. All the works at dry dock were completed 1 day earlier than Success by collaboration scheduled and transfer trial from Grand Bahamas to Puerto Modernization scope Rico was possible to start earlier. That allowed ABB to test and The modernization project on Adventure of the Seas included tune the system to perfection without time pressure, even the upgrade of the existing PSR Cycloconverter Drive control though in normal case 48 hours of testing time is suitable. All platform to the AMC34 platform as well as the upgrade of the the sea trial tests and tuning of the new control systems were existing AC110 propulsion control platform to AC800M executed on transfer trial without need of additional sea trials. propulsion control platform. In addition to the material supply, the overall ABB scope of supply included installation work, commissioning phase and The vessel testing. Even with a tight schedule and shortened timeline ABB Adventure of the Seas was delivered in 2001 in Kvaerner Masa- was able to complete this pilot project successfully. The project Yards in Turku, Finland (today known as Meyer Turku Shipyard). team worked seamlessly together in Marine and Ports Finland, She is operated by Royal Caribbean International (RCI), and is getting support and assistance from the local ABB units in the the third vessel of the Voyager class. -
2 Review of Composite Propeller Developments
'HIHQFH5HVHDUFKDQG 5HFKHUFKHHWGpYHORSSHPHQW 'HYHORSPHQW&DQDGD SRXUODGpIHQVH&DQDGD Review of Composite Propeller Developments and Strategy for Modeling Composite Propellers using PVAST Tamunoiyala S. Koko Khaled O. Shahin Unyime O. Akpan Merv E. Norwood Prepared By: Martec Limited 1888 Brunswick Street, Suite 400 Halifax, NS B3J 3J8 Team Leader, Reliability & Risk Engineering Contractor's Document Number: TR-11-XX Contract Project Manager: Tamunoiyala S. Koko, 902-425-5101 Ext 243 PWGSC Contract Number: W7707-088100 Task 10 &6$/D\WRQ*LOUR\ The scientific or technical validity of this Contract Report is entirely the responsibility of the Contractor and the contents do not necessarily have the approval or endorsement of Defence R&D Canada. Defence R&D Canada – Atlantic &RQWUDFW5HSRUW '5'&$WODQWLF&5 6HSWHPEHU Review of Composite Propeller Developments and Strategy for Modeling Composite Propellers using PVAST Tamunoiyala S. Koko Khaled O. Shahin Unyime O. Akpan Merv E. Norwood Prepared By: Martec Limited 1888 Brunswick Street, Suite 400 Halifax, NS B3J 3J8 Team Leader, Reliability & Risk Engineering Contractor's Document Number: TR-11-XX Contract Project Manager: Tamunoiyala S. Koko, 902-425-5101 Ext 243 PWGSC Contract Number: W7707-088100 Task 10 &6$/D\WRQ*LOUR\ The scientific or technical validity of this Contract Report is entirely the responsibility of the Contractor and the contents do not necessarily have the approval or endorsement of Defence R&D Canada. Defence R&D Canada – Atlantic Contract Report DRDC Atlantic CR 2011-156 6HSWHPEHU © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 201 © Sa Majesté la Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la Défense nationale, 201 Abstract ……. -
District Court Pleadings Caption
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 BEFORE THE HEARING EXAMINER FOR THE CITY OF SEATTLE 8 In the Matter of the Appeal of: ) Hearing Examiner File No. S-15-001 9 ) (DPD Project No. 3020324) FOSS MARITIME COMPANY ) 10 ) from an Interpretation by the Director, Department ) 11 of Planning and Development. ) ) 12 _________________________________________ ) ) Hearing Examiner File No. S-15-002 13 In the Matter of the Appeal of the: ) (DPD Project No. 3020324) ) 14 PORT OF SEATTLE, ) ) PUGET SOUNDKEEPER’S 15 from Interpretation No. 15-001 of the Director of ) THIRD UPDATED EXHIBIT the Department of Planning and Development. ) LIST AND WITNESS LIST 16 ) ) 17 18 Puget Soundkeeper Alliance, Seattle Audubon Society, Sierra Club, and Washington 19 Environmental Council (collectively “Soundkeeper”) respectfully submit this third updated list 20 of exhibits and witnesses. Soundkeeper will provide two hard copies of the exhibits to the 21 Hearing Examiner for the Examiner and the Witness binders. Soundkeeper is submitting these 22 exhibits to address objections and issues that have been raised in the direct testimony and cross- 23 examination of some of the Port’s witnesses. 24 25 Earthjustice SOUNDKEEPER’S THIRD UPDATED 705 Second Ave., Suite 203 EXHIBIT LIST AND WITNESS LIST - 1 - Seattle, WA 98104-1711 26 (206) 343-7340 27 1 Additionally, Soundkeeper originally submitted excerpts of documents as PSA Exs. 13- 2 15 and 17-18; Foss objected to the excerpted nature of the documents at hearing. Soundkeeper 3 has provided the complete documents to counsel and has asked whether they would be willing to 4 stipulate to submitting only the excerpts since the remainders of each of the documents have no 5 relevance to this proceeding. -
Recent Noteworthy Findings of Fungus Gnats from Finland and Northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae)
Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Taxonomic paper Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae) Jevgeni Jakovlev†, Jukka Salmela ‡,§, Alexei Polevoi|, Jouni Penttinen ¶, Noora-Annukka Vartija# † Finnish Environment Insitutute, Helsinki, Finland ‡ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Rovaniemi, Finland § Zoological Museum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland | Forest Research Institute KarRC RAS, Petrozavodsk, Russia ¶ Metsähallitus (Natural Heritage Services), Jyväskylä, Finland # Toivakka, Myllyntie, Finland Corresponding author: Jukka Salmela ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vladimir Blagoderov Received: 10 Feb 2014 | Accepted: 01 Apr 2014 | Published: 02 Apr 2014 Citation: Jakovlev J, Salmela J, Polevoi A, Penttinen J, Vartija N (2014) Recent noteworthy findings of fungus gnats from Finland and northwestern Russia (Diptera: Ditomyiidae, Keroplatidae, Bolitophilidae and Mycetophilidae). Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1068. doi: 10.3897/BDJ.2.e1068 Abstract New faunistic data on fungus gnats (Diptera: Sciaroidea excluding Sciaridae) from Finland and NW Russia (Karelia and Murmansk Region) are presented. A total of 64 and 34 species are reported for the first time form Finland and Russian Karelia, respectively. Nine of the species are also new for the European fauna: Mycomya shewelli Väisänen, 1984,M. thula Väisänen, 1984, Acnemia trifida Zaitzev, 1982, Coelosia gracilis Johannsen, 1912, Orfelia krivosheinae Zaitzev, 1994, Mycetophila biformis Maximova, 2002, M. monstera Maximova, 2002, M. uschaica Subbotina & Maximova, 2011 and Trichonta palustris Maximova, 2002. Keywords Sciaroidea, Fennoscandia, faunistics © Jakovlev J et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.