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Land and Genealogy of `Ioleka`A

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Land and Genealogy of `Ioleka`A LAND AND GENEALOGY OF `IOLEKA`A: MAPPING AN INDIGENOUS IDENTITY A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN HAWAIIAN STUDIES AUGUST 2012 By Donna Ann Kameha`iku Camvel Thesis Committee James Armitage, Chairperson Lilikalā Kame`eleihiwa Jonathan Kamakawiwo`ole Osorio DEDICATION I dedicate this thesis to my late mother, Anita Kahanupaoa Gouveia, for her intelligence, spirit, wit, charm, and most of all, for loving me as absolutely as she does. Her return to the family kuleana in `Ioleka`a changed her life and then, changed my life. She was the impetus for this project, and in the final analysis, the motivation for the discovery of my own `ōiwi identity. `Aloha wau `ia `oe Anita Kahanupaoa Gouveia, ola ka `inoa! ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS “The primary source for all Hawaiian knowledge is the kupuna, the ancestors and keepers of Native Hawaiian intellect from time immemorial.” (Pua Kanahele) I wish to acknowledge the `āina, my ancestress and lifeline. Special mahalo to my kāne Wali who has been there each step of the way, through thick and thin, and back again. I want to acknowledge my thesis committee, who encouraged, advised, and helped me complete this project. They are my chair, Dr. James Kimo Armitage, and committee members, Dr. Lilikalā Kame`eleihiwa and Dr. Jonathan Osorio. Thank you so much. I also wish to make clear that the information contained in this thesis is by no means complete, or error free. In fact, I have discovered that, what was considered a finished product, is really only the beginning of one. I invite all who read this narrative to provide any information which will add, correct, or enhance this thesis. iii ABSTRACT This thesis examines the implications of genealogical connections to blood and place (genealogy and land), as a prerequisite to self-determination and nation building. The identity of self becomes an undertaking grounded by ancestral land tenure and established genealogical connections to the `ili of `Ioleka`a, a kuleana land parcel located in He`e`ia on the island of O`ahu. The kanaka `ōiwi voice is the signifier in this narrative and the discovery of self becomes a mapping project that locates not only a physical place, but the locus of the ancestors who have lived and still reside now on the land. The identity of self is fueled by both tangible and spiritual tenets which provide ancestral wisdom, blood connections, and relation to land as mortar for the kānaka `ōiwi foundation. These are necessary for kānaka `ōiwi well-being, self-determination and by extension, the building of an `Ōiwi Nation. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...........................................................................................................iii ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF TABLES..........................................................................................................................ix LIST OF FIGURES.........................................................................................................................x Chapter I: Introduction....................................................................................................................1 Kānaka `Ōiwi.......................................................................................................................2 Implications of Research......................................................................................................2 Research Questions...........................................................................................................2-3 Articulating an Indigenous Identity.....................................................................3-4 Blood and Place....................................................................................................4-8 Discovery of Self..................................................................................................8-9 Political Implications..........................................................................................9-10 Nation Building................................................................................................10-11 Pursuing Self-Determination through a National Identity...............................11-12 Theoretical Framework.................................................................................................12-13 Hāloa Triad.......................................................................................................13-14 Haumea as the Process for the Transference of Ancestral Knowledge...................................................................................14-18 Papakū Makawalu as Foundational Theory......................................................18-20 Land As Ancestor..................................................................................................20 Methodology......................................................................................................................21 v Archival Research..................................................................................................21 Genealogical Research...........................................................................................22 Maps.................................................................................................................22-25 Nā Nūpepa `Ōlelo Hawai`i...............................................................................25-27 Papakū Makawalu.............................................................................................27-28 Implementing Papakū Makawalu.....................................................................28-33 Chapter II: The Genealogy and the Land of `Ioleka`a...................................................................34 Pre-Mahele, Mahele, Post-Mahele.....................................................................................34 Pre-Mahele........................................................................................................35-39 Mahele..............................................................................................................39-42 Post-Mahele...........................................................................................................42 Territorial Years: Keola, Kea, and Kahanu Paoa..............................................................43 . Keola.................................................................................................................43-46 Kea....................................................................................................................46-47 . Kahanu Paoa.....................................................................................................47-54 Chapter III: Where Is `Ioleka`a?....................................................................................................55 Introduction: Who We Are and Where We Come From..............................................55-57 Location and Description..................................................................................57-58 Family Relationships........................................................................................58-60 Mo`okū`auhau: The Succession of Blood on the Land....................................60-64 Samuel Ho`opi`i Lono III.............................................................................................64-66 Kalama Valley..................................................................................................66-69 Kanaloa Kaho`olawe........................................................................................69-70 vi The Right to Ingress and Egress: Samuel Lono versus Ha`iku Plantations.................................................................................70-73 The Temple of Lono..............................................................................................73 Mo`okapu..........................................................................................................73-78 Kualoa...............................................................................................................78-80 Anita Kahanupaoa Gouveia..........................................................................................80-86 Kukuihaele........................................................................................................86-91 Going Home: `Ioleka`a.....................................................................................91-93 Hālawa Valley and the H-3 Highway...............................................................93-94 Ka Lāhui Hawai`i.............................................................................................94-96 Hoaka at Mōkapu.............................................................................................96-97 Taputapuatea..................................................................................................98-100 Donna Ann Kameha`iku Camvel.............................................................................100-106 Mo`olelo `o `Ioleka`a................................................................................................106-112 Chapter IV: Honoring the Land and the Ancestors..............................................................113-117 Chapter V: Conclusions...............................................................................................................118
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