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Attachment 1
ATTACHMENT 1 SELECTED INDEPENDENT AND COMMISSIONED REPORTS AND COURT DECISIONS • The President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing and Final Report of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing (Washington, D.C.: Office for Community Oriented Policing Services, 2015). Synopsis and link to reports: • Widely viewed as a very significant document for law enforcement in recent years. President Obama’s charge in 2014: “examine ways of fostering strong, collaborative relationships between local law enforcement and the communities they protect and to make recommendations to the President on the ways policing practices can promote effective crime reduction while building public trust.” Report presented 156 recommendations across 6 key areas: 1) building trust and legitimacy, 2) policy and oversight, 3) technology and social media, 4) community policing and crime reduction, 5) training and education, and 6) officer wellness and safety. • http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/TaskForce_FinalReport.pdf. • Related report: An Evidence-Assessment of the Recommendations of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing — Implementation and Research Priorities. Lum, C., Koper, C.S., Gill, C., Hibdon, J., Telep, C. & Robinson, L. (2016) Fairfax, VA: Center for Evidence- Based Crime Policy, George Mason University. Alexandria, VA: International Association of Chiefs of Police. Synopsis and link to report: • Created as a research reference for agencies seeking guidance on implementation of the recommendations of the Task Force. • https://www.theiacp.org/sites/default/files/all/i- j/IACP%20GMU%20Evidence%20Assessment%20Report%20FINAL.pdf • See also the IACP’s Blueprint for 21st Century Policing: www.theiacp.org/icpr • Supreme Court of California “The Regents of the University of California v. -
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UC Riverside UC Riverside Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title On the Thin Blue Line: Examining the Mexican American Officer Experience in the Los Angeles Police Department Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15w908g6 Author Gallardo, Roberto Carlos Publication Date 2018 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE On The Thin Blue Line: Examining the Mexican American Officer Experience in the Los Angeles Police Department A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Sociology by Roberto Gallardo September 2018 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Adalberto Aguirre, Chairperson Dr. Tanya Nieri Dr. Augustine Kposowa Copyright by Roberto Gallardo 2018 The Dissertation of Roberto Gallardo is approved: __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION On The Thin Blue Line: Examining the Mexican American Officer Experience in the Los Angeles Police Department by Roberto Gallardo Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate Program in Sociology University of California, Riverside, September 2018 Dr. Adalberto Aguirre, Chairperson This study focuses on the impact of race on MexicanAmerican minority law enforcement officers’ ideology and experiences in the LAPD. Previous studies have focused on the issue of race within a municipal police department, however these studies have generally not included Hispanic/Latino officers. Most research has strictly focused on the impact of race on White and AfricanAmerican officers, the impact of race on Hispanic/Latino officers (and especially MexicanAmerican officers) is relatively unknown. Interviews of MexicanAmerican officers were used gain the information required for analysis. -
When Rodney King Was Beaten in 1991 by LAPD Officers, and Rioters
FROM THE AGE OF DRAGNET TO THE AGE OF THE INTERNET: TRACKING CHANGES WITHIN THE LOS ANGELES POLICE DEPARTMENT Wellford W. Wilms, UCLA School of Public Policy and Education Following the Rodney King beating in 1991, rioters later burned and looted South Central Los Angeles on the news that the accused Los Angeles Police officers had been acquitted. It seemed that things could hardly get worse. But the King beating only served to focus public attention on the problems of policing a huge and diverse city like Los Angeles. It was the beginning of a series of wrenching changes that would all but paralyze the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) for more than a decade. Following the King beating, then-Mayor Tom Bradley established the Christopher Commission (named after chairman, former Secretary of State Warren Christopher) to delve into the underlying causes. The Commission sought to reveal the roots of the LAPD’s problems. According to the Commission, since William Parker had become chief in 1950 and took steps to professionalize the department, officers learned to respond to crime aggressively and swiftly. Strapped for resources to police a huge city of 465 square miles, Parker relied on efficiency to squeeze production from his officers. He began the practice that persists today of evaluating officers on statistical performance – response time, number of calls handled, citations issued and arrests made. Not surprisingly, the LAPD began to pride itself on being a high profile paramilitary organization with “hard-nosed” officers, an image that was greatly enhanced by the radio and TV program, “Dragnet.” But while the Christopher Commission acknowledged that aggressive, statistics-driven policing produced results, it did so at a high cost, pitting residents against police creating a “siege mentality” within the department (Independent Commission, 1991, p. -
William Alsup
William Alsup An Oral History Conducted by Leah McGarrigle 2016-2017 William Alsup An Oral History Conducted by Leah McGarrigle 2016-2017 Copyright © 2021 William Alsup, Leah McGarrigle All rights reserved. Copyright in the manuscript and recording is owned by William Alsup and Leah McGarrigle, who have made the materials available under Creative Commons license CC BY-NC 4.0, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/. It is recommended that this oral history be cited as follows: "William Alsup: An Oral History Conducted by Leah McGarrigle, 2016-2017”. Transcription by Christine Sinnott Book design by Anna McGarrigle Judge William Alsup was born in Mississippi in 1945 and lived there until he left for Harvard Law School in 1967. At Harvard, he earned a law degree plus a master’s degree in public policy from the Kennedy School of Government. In 1971–72, he clerked for Justice William O. Douglas of the United States Supreme Court and worked with him on the Abortion Cases and the “Trees Have Standing” case, among others. Alsup and his young family then returned to Mississippi, where he practiced civil rights law, went broke, and eventually relocated to San Francisco. There he be- came a trial lawyer, a practice interrupted by two years of appel- late practice as an Assistant to the Solicitor General in the United States Department of Justice (from 1978–80). In 1999, President Bill Clinton nominated him and the Senate conirmed him as a United States District Judge in San Francisco. He took the oath of oice on August 17, 1999, and serves still on active status. -
Five Years of Civilian Review: a Mandate Unfulfilled July 5,1993 - July 5,1998
NYCLU Special Repo..t Five Yea..s of Civilian Review: A Mandate Unfulfilled July 5,.·1993-July S, 1998 New YOl'kCivil Liberiies Union, 125 Bl'oad Stl'eet, NYC 10004 ';\ NYCLU SPECIAL REPORT Five Years of Civilian Review: A Mandate Unfulfilled July 5,1993 - July 5,1998 New York Civil Liberties Union Norman Siegel Executive Director Robert A. Perry Cooperating Attorney November 15, 1998 New York City TABLE OF CONTENTS Page I. Summary of Findings. 1 II. Introduction. ...... ............ ..................... ......... ... .. 2 III. The CCRB's Disposition of Police Misconduct Complaints 14 IV. Stonewalling the CCRB: The Police Commissioner's Failure To Act on Substantiated Complaints................... 19 V. Educating the Public and Monitoring Police Department Policies and Practices. ............ ........ 21 VI. Recommendations................................................ 27 Tables Table I: Complaint Substantiation Rates, 1986-1992 Table I-A: Complaint Substantiation Rates, July 1993 - June 1998 Table II: CCRB Disposition of Complaints July 1993 - June 1998 Table III: Police Misconduct Allegations 1986-1992 Table III-A: Police Misconduct Allegations 1993-1997 Table IV: Complaints Substantiated by the CCRB that Result in Disciplinary Action by the Police Department Table V: CCRB Substantiated Cases and their Status at the Police Department January 1996-June 1998 Table V-A: Police Department Dispositions of Substantiated Complaints Against Police Officers January 1996-June 1998 Attachments NYCLU letter to Police Commissioner Howard Safir Letter from Police Commissioner Howard Safir to the NYCLU I. Summary of Findings • From its inception New York's all-civilian review board has been implemented in a manner that virtually ensured it would not provide the oversight called for in the City Charter. -
The History, Content, Application and Influence of the Northern District of California’S Patent Local Rules
THE HISTORY, CONTENT, APPLICATION AND INFLUENCE OF THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA’S PATENT LOCAL RULES James Ware† & Brian Davy†† Abstract On December 1, 2000, the United States District Court for the Northern District of California became the first district court to promulgate rules governing the content and timing of disclosures in patent-related cases. The Northern District’s conception of Patent Local Rules finds its origins in the concerns during the 1980’s and 1990’s, when the increasing cost and expense of civil litigation came under increasing attack from commentators and all three branches of the federal government. Despite efforts to improve the efficiency of civil litigation generally, patent litigation proved particularly burdensome on litigants and the courts. The Supreme Court’s decision in Markman v. Westview Instruments, Inc. only exacerbated this situation. The Northern District’s Patent Local Rules are specifically tailored to address the unique challenges that arise during patent litigation, particularly during the pretrial discovery process. The Rules require the patentee and the accused infringer to set forth detailed infringement and invalidity theories early in the case. The Rules also govern the content and timing of disclosures related to the claim construction hearing, an event unique to patent litigation that is often case-dispositive. The Northern District’s Patent Local Rules have been expressly endorsed by the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. The Rules have also proven highly influential in other judicial districts, as evidenced by the adoption of substantially similar rules in a growing number of district courts. Substantive differences do exist, however, between the patent local rules of various district courts. -
The Impact of Surveillance Technology on the Behaviors Of
THE IMPACT OF SURVEILLANCE TECHNOLOGY ON THE BEHAVIORS OF MUNICIPAL POLICE DEPARTMENTS Sinan Ulkemen, B.S., M.P.A. Dissertation Prepared for the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS December 2009 APPROVED: Robert L. Bland, Major Professor and Chair of the Department of Public Administration Simon A. Andrew, Committee Member Abraham D. Benavides, Committee Member Eric J. Fritsch, Committee Member Thomas L. Evenson, Dean of College of Public Affairs and Community Service Michael Monticino, Dean of the Robert B. Toulouse School of Graduate Studies Ulkemen, Sinan. The Impact of Surveillance Technology on the Behaviors of Municipal Police Departments. Doctor of Philosophy (Public Administration and Management), December 2009, 212 pages, 19 tables, references, 97 titles. Citizen complaints about inappropriate use of force indicate negative police- public relations, unresponsive police services, and the unresponsiveness of police management to citizens’ concerns. However, the effective delivery of key policing services depends on the performance of individual police officers. Surveillance technology can monitor and control the behavior of officers, ensuring that police officers provide high quality policing services that meet the needs of citizens. Examples of surveillance technology such as in-car cameras and CCTV can be used as an administrative tool to respond to citizen complaints by police chief executives. This research examines the effect of surveillance technology on the behavior of municipal police departments that is operationalized as the number of citizen complaints that were filed against municipal police departments. This research also examines the impact of surveillance technology on dismissed and sustained complaints by using 511 large municipal police departments in the U.S. -
TOWARDS ACCOUNTABILITY Overcoming LAPD’S Flawed Disciplinary Process
TOWARDS ACCOUNTABILITY Overcoming LAPD’s Flawed Disciplinary Process ANALYSIS & RECOMMENDATIONS November 2018 This report, “Towards Accountability: Overcoming LAPD’s Flawed Disciplinary Process,” is published by the ACLU of Southern California, Black Lives Matter-Los Angeles, and Community Coalition. Author: Melanie Penny Ochoa, ACLU SoCal staff attorney Special thanks to Julie Ly. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 4 I. BACKGROUND ON THE BOARD OF RIGHTS A. Board of Rights Enactment and Structure 9 B. Changing Composition of the Board of Rights 10 II. FINDINGS 1. The Board of Rights Undermines Department Discipline Through Excessive Leniency 12 2. Officers Perceive the Board of Rights as Biased 13 3. The Board of Rights Imposes Inconsistent Discipline 15 4. Board of Rights Proceedings and Outcomes Lack Transparency 18 5. The Department’s Defense of Its Disciplinary Decisions Before the Board of Rights is Inadequate 20 6. Board of Rights Panels Have Insufficient Training 20 III. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. Change the composition of Board of Rights panels to eliminate real and perceived bias. 23 2. Increase oversight and transparency of Board of Rights proceedings to the maximum allowed under state law. 27 3. Address inconsistencies in discipline between officers and between types of misconduct. 30 4. Improve the quality of advocacy defending the Department’s recommended punishment by employing Department Advocates who are experienced attorneys and whose remaining job functions do not depend upon maintaining the goodwill of LAPD officers. 32 5. Improve quality and consistency of adjudication in Board of Rights through improved and expanded training. 32 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY How does a city effectively discipline its police? Los Angeles, home to one of the largest police forces in the nation, has struggled with this question for decades, and has yet to settle on an answer that regularly ensures that officers who commit serious misconduct receive serious discipline. -
Study Committee on an Independent Police Oversight Commission Meeting 6:00 PM - Monday, November 23, 2020 Online Portal
EAST LANSING AGENDA Study Committee on an Independent Police Oversight Commission Meeting 6:00 PM - Monday, November 23, 2020 Online Portal Page 1. OPENING 1.1. Roll call 1.2. Approval of the agenda 1.3. Approval of minutes 3 - 5 Study Committee 110920 Draft Minutes 1.4. Written Communications 6 - 14 NACOLE Agency Profiles Goals for the Establishment of a Police Oversight Commission Heraux Use of Force incidents Weekly Arrest Reports 11-5-2020 Goals to achieve by creating ELICPOC CRoot 1.5. Adopt a rule pursuant to MCL 15.263 sub-section 1 limiting public comment to 5 minutes per individual for today's electronic meeting 2. COMMUNICATION FROM THE AUDIENCE 3. NEW BUSINESS 3.1. Draft Outline of Study Committee Report to City Council 15 - 17 Subgroup 2 memo and draft report outline 11-20-2020 4. STAFF REPORTS 4.1. City Manager Information on Comparable Cities 18 - 73 Public Safety Oversight Comparisons Ann Arbor Code and Commission Lansing Board of Commissioners Charter and Complaint Review Charter MSU Police Oversight Committee Muskegon Citizens Police Review Board Bloomington Board of Public Safety Columbus Charter Amendment Evanston Ordinance Iowa City Board and Code Lincoln Board and Code Madison Board and Ordinance 4.2. ELPD Presentation on Use of Force 74 - 109 ForceCont_2 ForceCont_1 Page 1 of 154 Response To Resistance 12-20 Use of Force Presentation 5. SUBCOMMITTEE REPORTS 5.1. Group 1: Research Oversight Commissions in Non-Comparable Cities 110 - 151 Re_ Study Committee Group 1 Report 111920 DOJ Action under 1994 Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act profiles of Albany Albuquerque Berkeley and Eugene LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO ATLANTA 5.2. -
Lawyer NEW DEAN TAKES CHARGE
Stanford FALL 2004 FALL Lawyer NEW DEAN TAKES CHARGE Larry D. Kramer brings fresh ideas, lots of energy, and a willingness to stir things up a bit. Remember Stanford... F rom his family’s apricot orchard in Los Altos Hills, young Thomas Hawley could see Hoover Tower and hear the cheers in Stanford Stadium. “In those days my heroes were John Brodie and Chuck Taylor,” he says, “and my most prized possessions were Big Game programs.” Thomas transferred from Wesleyan University to Stanford as a junior in and two years later enrolled in the Law School, where he met John Kaplan. “I took every course Professor Kaplan taught,” says Thomas. “He was a brilliant, often outrageous teacher, who employed humor in an attempt to drive the law into our not always receptive minds.” In choosing law, Thomas followed in the footsteps of his father, Melvin Hawley (L.L.B. ’), and both grandfathers. “I would have preferred to be a professional quarterback or an opera singer,” he says (he fell in love with opera while at Stanford-in-Italy), “and I might well have done so but for a complete lack of talent.” An estate planning attorney on the Monterey Peninsula, Thomas has advised hundreds of families how to make tax-wise decisions concerning the distribution of their estates. When he decided the time had come to sell his rustic Carmel cottage, he took his own advice and put the property in a charitable remainder trust instead, avoiding the capital gains tax he otherwise would have paid upon sale. When the trust terminates, one-half of it will go to Stanford Law School. -
Police Abuse
Police Abuse As spotlighted by the 1991 beating of Rodney King, police abuse is one of the most pressing human rights issues facing the United States. The persistent use of excessive force, often exacerbated by racism, violates the Article 7 prohibition on "cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment or punishment." These continuing abuses by state and local law enforcement agencies violate Article 7, notwithstanding the reservation attached to this article at the time the United States ratified the ICCPR. The discriminatory impact of police abuse on members of minority groups, particularly African Americans, violates the Article 2 and Article 26 prohibitions on discrimination. This is true regardless of whether discriminatory policies and acts are intentionally motivated by race or not. Under Article 2 of the ICCPR the United States must take "the necessary steps" to "ensure" that the rights guaranteed in Article 7 are respected by all law enforcement agencies in the United States. Those steps must include legislation giving the federal government the necessary authority to intervene to prevent and remedy police abuse by state and local law enforcement authorities. Since the March 3, 1991, beating of motorist Rodney King by Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers the issue of police brutality and other forms of abuse by law enforcement officers has gained a new prominence in the United States. In the aftermath of the King beating a number of inquiries into police abuse were undertaken in Los Angeles and at the national level.1 In 1 These inquiries include the Report of the Independent Commission on the Los Angeles Police Department (1991) (Christopher Commission Report). -
Republican Appointees and Judicial Discretion: Cases Studies from the Federal Sentencing Guidelines Era
Republican Appointees and Judicial Discretion: Cases Studies From the Federal Sentencing Guidelines Era Professor David M. Zlotnicka Senior Justice Fellow – Open Society Institute Nothing sits more uncomfortably with judges than the sense that they have all the responsibility for sentencing but little of the power to administer it justly.1 Outline of the Report This Report explores Republican-appointed district court judge dissatisfaction with the sentencing regime in place during the Sentencing Guideline era.2 The body of the Report discusses my findings. Appendix A presents forty case studies which are the product of my research.3 Each case study profiles a Republican appointee and one or two sentencings by that judge that illustrates the concerns of this cohort of judges. The body of the Report is broken down as follows: Part I addresses four foundational issues that explain the purposes and relevance of the project. Parts II and III summarizes the broad arc of judicial reaction to aThe author is currently the Distinguished Service Professor of Law, Roger Williams University School of Law, J.D., Harvard Law School. During 2002-2004, I was a Soros Senior Justice Fellow and spent a year as a Visiting Scholar at the George Washington University Law Center and then as a Visiting Professor at the Washington College of Law. I wish to thank OSI and these law schools for the support and freedom to research and write. Much appreciation is also due to Dan Freed, Ian Weinstein, Paul Hofer, Colleen Murphy, Jared Goldstein, Emily Sack, and Michael Yelnosky for their helpful c omments on earlier drafts of this Report and the profiles.