ATTACHMENT 1

SELECTED INDEPENDENT AND COMMISSIONED REPORTS AND COURT DECISIONS

• The President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing and Final Report of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing (Washington, D.C.: Office for Community Oriented Policing Services, 2015). Synopsis and link to reports: • Widely viewed as a very significant document for law enforcement in recent years. President Obama’s charge in 2014: “examine ways of fostering strong, collaborative relationships between local law enforcement and the communities they protect and to make recommendations to the President on the ways policing practices can promote effective crime reduction while building public trust.” Report presented 156 recommendations across 6 key areas: 1) building trust and legitimacy, 2) policy and oversight, 3) technology and social media, 4) community policing and crime reduction, 5) training and education, and 6) officer wellness and safety. • http://www.cops.usdoj.gov/pdf/taskforce/TaskForce_FinalReport.pdf.

• Related report: An Evidence-Assessment of the Recommendations of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing — Implementation and Research Priorities. Lum, C., Koper, C.S., Gill, C., Hibdon, J., Telep, C. & Robinson, L. (2016) Fairfax, VA: Center for Evidence- Based Crime Policy, George Mason University. Alexandria, VA: International Association of Chiefs of Police. Synopsis and link to report: • Created as a research reference for agencies seeking guidance on implementation of the recommendations of the Task Force. • https://www.theiacp.org/sites/default/files/all/i- j/IACP%20GMU%20Evidence%20Assessment%20Report%20FINAL.pdf • See also the IACP’s Blueprint for 21st Century Policing: www.theiacp.org/icpr

• Supreme Court of California “The Regents of the University of California v. Superior Court,” S230568. Filed 3/22/18. Synopsys and link to decision: • The California Supreme Court found that UC owes its students a heightened standard of care for any threats to their safety that are reasonably foreseeable. • https://caselaw.findlaw.com/ca-supreme-court/1892230.html

• Aiming at Students: The College Gun Violence Epidemic (Citizens Crime Commission Of New York City) October 2016. Synopsys quotes and link to full report: • “The Crime Commission reviewed 190 incidents at 142 colleges from the 2001-2002 school year through the 2015-2016 school year in which at least one person was intentionally shot (excluding the shooter) on the campus of a two- or four-year college, as well as incidents that occurred within two miles of a college campus, and at least one student was shot.” (Page 1) “The highest number of incidents occurred on or near campuses in Tennessee (14), California (14), Virginia (13), Georgia (13), North Carolina (11), and Florida (11).” • http://www.nycrimecommission.org/pdfs/CCC-Aiming-At-Students-College-Shootings- Oct2016.pdf -2-

• Special Report: Campus Law Enforcement, 2011–12, U.S. Department of Justice - Office of Justice Programs, Bureau of Justice Statistics, January 2015 NCJ 248028. Synopsis and link to report: • Report is a collection of data from survey responses returned by over 900 institutions of higher education (both public and private) nationwide. • https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/cle1112.pdf

• UC Davis November 18, 2011 “Pepper Spray Incident” Task Force Report - “The Reynoso Task Force Report” March 2012. Synopsis and link to report: • Task Force led by Cruz Reynoso, Chair, Professor Emeritus, School of Law, UC Davis, and Former Associate Justice, California Supreme Court. 11 Recommendations made to UC Davis Administration and Leadership (consistency around free speech and campus demonstrations, communication, planning for large scale events), UC Davis Police (conduct an independent third party review of the department, assess and increase involvement of students in campus policing, strive to become a model for campus policing), Systemwide (develop consistent policies and training, and review the police officer bill of rights) and Campus Community (adhere to the UC Principles of Community) • https://www.ucsf.edu/sites/default/files/legacy_files/reynoso-report.pdf

• “Investigation of the Ferguson Police Department” United States Department of Justice - Civil Rights Division March 4, 2015. Synopsis and link to report: • Investigation found a strategy of generating revenue through both policing and the court systems (tickets, fines, fees, etc.) as well as pervasive racial bias, manifesting primarily in a demonstrated pattern of unconstitutional stops and arrests. Report set out broad and substantial recommendations for changes that the City of Ferguson should make to both its police and court practices to correct constitutional violations and implement best practices. • https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/opa/press- releases/attachments/2015/03/04/ferguson_police_department_report.pdf

• The Report of the Independent Commission on the Police Department – “The Christopher Commission.” 1991. Synopsis and link to report: • By order of Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley in 1991, following the videotape of the incident and public outcry, an independent commission was convened to examine use of excessive force by the Los Angeles (Municipal) Police Department. Chaired by attorney (later US Secretary of State under President Bill Clinton). The Commission found extensive issues throughout the LAPD, and made numerous recommendations regarding its organizational structure, its culture including a tolerance for racism and bias, complaint processing, discipline and several policy matters. • https://web.archive.org/web/20110722124708/http://www.parc.info/client_files/Special% 20Reports/1%20-%20Chistopher%20Commision.pdf

• Violence in the City—An End or a Beginning? - A Report by the Governor's Commission on the Los Angeles Riots, 1965. – “The McCone Commission” - 1965. Synopsis and link to report: -3-

• By order of Governor Edmund (Pat) Brown, former CIA Director John McCone led an investigation of the Watts Riots, which began in the aftermath of a traffic stop of a Black man. Over six days, an estimated 30,000+ individuals participated in the riots. 34 individuals lost their lives, over 1,000 injuries recorded and tens of millions of dollars of property damage in the Watts neighborhood. The McCone Commission determined causal elements included the Watts community's longstanding grievances and growing discontentment with high unemployment rates, substandard housing, and inadequate schools. • https://archive.org/details/ViolenceInCity/