CONSULTATION DRAFT May 2019

HOMES AND NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD “THIS IS ABOUT US. IT’S ABOUT WHAT WE WILL DO TO CREATE AS GOOD A QUALITY OF LIFE AS POSSIBLE FOR THE PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES OF THE BRADFORD DISTRICT.”

Kersten England, Chief Executive Bradford Council Plan 2016-2020

Planning & Transport Strategy

City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council 4th Floor Britannia House Bradford BD1 1HX

Phone: 01274 433679 E-mail: [email protected] Prepared by

Copyright © 2019 City of Bradford Metropolitan District Council. CONTENTS

CONTENTS

PARTPART A: INTRODUCING THE GUIDE A: PART B: THE DESIGN GUIDANCE INTRODUCING THE GUIDE 5 The Principles: summary 30 Introduction 6 1.0 DEFINING A BRIEF 33 Bradford’s vision and priorities 8 1.1 Establish a project brief 35 Policy and guidance 14 1.2 Site and context analysis 36 How to use the design guidance 16 1.3 Responding to character 38 Process 18 1.4 Making places for people 47 Pre-application meetings 20 1.5 Prioritise the environment 48 Engagement and consultation 22 The design and access statement 24 2.0 CREATING A NEIGHBOURHOOD 51 Balancing cost and quality 26 &GƒPGCEQPEGRV  Guidance for residents and 2.2 Density and scale 54 communities 27 2.3 Movement 56 2.4 Green streets 59 2.5 Safe and characterful streets 62 2.6 Open space 64 2.7 Water and drainage 66 2.8 Landscape 68 2.9 Biodiversity 70 2.10 Play 72 2.11 Housing mix 75 2.12 Topography and ground conditions 76 2.13 Roofs and building forms 78 2.14 Key buildings and corners 81 2.15 Parking 82 2.16 Waste 86 2.17 Making inclusive places 88

3.0 MAKING A HOME 91 3.1 Flats and apartments 92 3.2 Internal layout 94 3.3 Storage 99 3.4 Light and ventilation 101 3.5 Outdoor space 103 3.6 Privacy 104 3.7 Elevations 107 APPENDIX 1 - LINKING TO POLICY 113 3.8 Materials and details 109 'PGTI[GHƒEKGPV  FURTHER READING 116

IMAGE CREDITS 117

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3 Wrose Brow, Shipley

4 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A

PART A: INTRODUCING THE GUIDE

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 5 INTRODUCTION

Bradford District has a population of These stakeholders have included: over half a million, and with over 124,000 Born in Bradford: one of the world’s people under the age of 16 it is the • largest research studies, it is tracking youngest city in the country. It is also the lives of over 30,000 Bradfordians a fast-growing city, with an increasing WRͤQGRXWZKDWLQͥXHQFHVWKHKHDOWK QXPEHURIROGHUSHRSOH$VLJQLͤFDQW and well-being of families. number of new homes will be required to meet the district’s needs by 2035. • Older and Disabled People Group: a network of established groups 7KHGLVWULFWLVIDFLQJVLJQLͤFDQWKHDOWK across the city representing a range challenges, including some of the highest of interests. They include those with rates of childhood illness in the UK and mobility problems, older people, serious concerns over air quality in visually impaired people, dementia certain areas. And Bradford is the 11th sufferers and people with learning most deprived district in England. GLͦFXOWLHV There is overwhelming evidence that • Bradford Civic Society: a society that the environment in which we live affects champions Bradford’s heritage and our health and well-being. The Council built environment, and encourages is seeking to tackle these issues to higher standards of design and resolve the underlying causes of illness, architecture in new development. inequality and short life expectancy. The Bradford Property Forum: a network of UHTXLUHPHQWIRUVXFKVLJQLͤFDQWDPRXQWV • local property professionals, including of new housing provides an opportunity architects, planners, developers and to set a benchmark for the quality of surveyors. housing and the environment in the district. • Housebuilders and housing associations, the main developers of This document, Homes and housing in the city. Neighbourhoods: A Guide to Designing in Bradford, will help plan for places • All relevant departments within ZKHUHSHRSOHFDQͥRXULVKQRWMXVWLQ the Council, covering public health, housing schemes, but in successful architecture, housing, accessibility, neighbourhoods. These must be inspired drainage, engineering, planning, and by the best places that have developed urban design, among other matters. though the district’s history, and make As a supplementary planning document, the most of its varied settings and these guidelines support the local plan landscape. policies and advance the government’s agenda by putting high-quality design, This guide has been created by healthy and happy communities, collaborating with several key and inclusive design principles at stakeholders in the district to ensure the forefront of market-appropriate that it responds to Bradford’s underlying DQGͤQDQFLDOO\YLDEOHQHZKRXVLQJLQ issues, and that it is supported by the Bradford. companies and individuals who will deliver the housing.

6 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: INTRODUCTION

Plan to show Bradford District, with the main urban areas and open spaces

HOW WILL THIS DOCUMENT make a reputation for creating homes BENEFIT DIFFERENT USERS? and neighbourhoods that people really appreciate. This guide aims to ensure that new housing will create healthy communities Community groups and residents can in Bradford. It is also designed to ensure make a positive impact on developments that everyone involved in delivering through the consultation process to KRXVLQJZLOOEHQHͤWWRR ensure that schemes are tailored to local needs. Housebuilders and developers want to build the best that is economically The guide is intended for developers, viable for their target market, and they housebuilders, self-builders, local want their progress through the planning communities, politicians, planners, system to be as quick and certain as architects, designers and the full range possible. of built environment professionals. It explains the Council’s aspirations for The Council wants to encourage the best housing design, and it sets out its view of housebuilders and developers to see how the planning and design process can the district as a place where they can work together to help achieve them.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 7 BRADFORD’S VISION AND PRIORITIES

8 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: BRADFORD’S VISION This design guide sets out eight priorities for homes and neighbourhoods in Bradford District. These target the key LVVXHVWKDWZHUHLGHQWLͤHGWKURXJK consultation with a wide range of stakeholders who have an involvement OUR VISION IS FOR or interest in design and development quality in Bradford (as set out on page GREEN, SAFE, INCLUSIVE 6). The vision and priorities are locally EDVHGUHͥHFWLQJZKDWLVLPSRUWDQWLQ Bradford District. AND DISTINCTIVE The design guidance is based on the YLVLRQDQGSULRULWLHVDGGUHVVLQJVSHFLͤF NEIGHBOURHOODS local aspirations, issues and concerns, as well as promoting good practice. These are set out in the 31 design principles THAT CREATE HEALTHY in Part B of this document. The key principles that relate to each of the priorities are also set out overleaf. COMMUNITIES FOR ALL

As a supplementary planning document, this guide’s role is to support the district’s A broad variety of adaptable CHOICE Core Strategy, and to provide more detail CHOICE DQGH̪FLHQWKRPHVWKDWDUH on how to interpret and assess it. This 1 affordable to build and run means that the guide must be consistent with planning policy at both national and district levels. GREEN GREEN Green streets and spaces Housebuilders, other developers, and 2 their architects and/or designers can use these eight priorities as headings to structure any stage of the planning and CLUSIV IN E design process, including pre-application INCLUSIVE Accessible places with clear discussions, masterplans or design and 3 and legible pedestrian routes access statements.

The following pages explain the eight ALTH Healthy and connected HE Y priorities and why each has been neighbourhoods that promote LGHQWLͤHG HEALTHY 4 wellbeing and community life

TINCTIV IS E Neighbourhoods with D 5 DISTINCTIVE LGHQWLW\UH̩HFWLQJWKH district’s varied character

P Opening up views and SLO ES 6 SLOPES designing to make the most of the topography and ground

FICIEN EF T 7 EFFICIENT (̪FLHQWXVHRIUHVRXUFHV

OCES PR S PROCESS Making design and planning 8 processes work together

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 9 CHOICE A range of home types and sizes must be delivered to CHOICE meet the needs of people in the district. The design A broad range of adaptable of homes must make good use of space, daylight 1 DQGH̪FLHQWKRPHVWKDWDUH and sunlight; provide good insulation, ventilation, affordable to build, buy, rent storage and privacy; and give careful consideration and run to appearance, noise, outdoor space and amenities. +RPHVPXVWEHHDV\WROLYHLQDQGHͦFLHQWWRUXQDQGKDYHWKH potential to adapt to new circumstances.

A particular challenge in Bradford District is to build homes that are well designed and of high quality, without being beyond the means of the people who need them. The district’s diverse population needs these homes to be of a wide variety of sizes and types.

KEY RELATED PRINCIPLES

2.11 Housing mix 3.1 Flats and apartments 3.2 Internal layout 3.3 Storage 3.4 Light and ventilation 3.5 Outdoor space 3.6 Privacy (QHUJ\H̪FLHQW

GREEN Every new development should be seen as an GREEN opportunity to plant trees and shrubs, and to create Green streets and spaces attractive landscapes. Careful design of matters 2 such as overlooking, lighting, security, seating and boundaries, and consideration of the development’s impact on the microclimate, will contribute to making DSXEOLFUHDOPWKDWZRUNVZHOODQGLVHQMR\DEOHWREHLQ*UHHQ corridors, and blue and green infrastructure, should connect areas, helping people and wildlife get about and to sustain biodiversity.

Successful neighbourhoods have green streets and pleasant VSDFHV7KHEHQHͤWVZLOOEHWKDWSHRSOH̵VKHDOWKZLOOEHLPSURYHG as they are inspired to spend time outdoors; homes will have an attractive outlook; and air pollution will be reduced. KEY RELATED PRINCIPLES

2.4 Green streets 2.6 Open space 2.7 Water and drainage 2.8 Landscape 2.9 Biodiversity 3.5 Outdoor space

10 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: BRADFORD’S PRIORITIES

US INCLUSIVE Development should contribute to making CL IVE IN walkable neighbourhoods where homes are close Accessible, inclusive and to community amenities, shops, green space and 3 connected places with workplace; and where footpaths give priority to clear pedestrian routes pedestrians, wheelchair users, buggies and people with impairments. Parking, for cycles as well as cars, must be convenient, without obstructing people on foot and in wheelchairs.

Access needs to work well at every level, from inclusive access inside homes to streets that encourage active travel (on foot, cycle and other self-propelled ways of getting around), and good access to public transport. This will help residents and visitors alike to IHHOHTXDOZHOFRPHDQGDEOHWRͤQGWKHLUZD\DURXQGHDVLO\DQG comfortably. KEY RELATED PRINCIPLES

2.3 Movement 2.15 Parking 2.17 Making inclusive places 3.2 Internal layout

ALTH HEALTHY The design of a healthy neighbourhood must be HE Y made to work at every scale. It will start with locating Healthy and connected development in places where residents will not be neighbourhoods that 4 condemned to using a car or being stuck at home. It promote well-being and must ensure that the space outside each home will be community life XVHGDQGHQMR\HGDQGWKDWWUDͦFZLOOEHFDOPHGWRPDNHWKHVWUHHW safe. It must take account of existing uses, avoiding such problems as noise and fumes from roads and commercial premises. The design of homes and neighbourhoods must promote the health of the people who live there. Good connections alongside high- quality green and blue infrastructure will encourage people to walk and cycle, to play and exercise outside, to meet and interact with other people locally, and to access the countryside. KEY RELATED PRINCIPLES

1.4 Making places for people 2.6 Open space 2.10 Play 2.17 Making inclusive places 3.4 Light and ventilation 3.5 Outdoor space 3.6 Privacy

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 11 Development must be inspired by the best places DISTINCTIVE TINCTIV IS E that have developed through the district’s history, D Neighbourhoods with making the most of their enormously varied settings 5 LGHQWLW\UH̩HFWLQJWKH and landscape. This will depend on carefully district’s varied character appraising the site and its wider context at the VWDUWRIWKHSURMHFWDQGGHVLJQLQJWKRXJKWIXOO\LQ response to this. Development should be inspired by and enhance the district’s highly varied architecture, townscape and landscape, which has been shaped by geology, topography and the aspirations of past generations. This will help to make the district’s new and improved neighbourhoods places with real character

KEY RELATED PRINCIPLES

1.2 Site and context analysis 1.3 Responding to character 'H̨QHDFRQFHSW 2.2 Density and scale 2.5 Safe and characterful streets 2.13 Roods and building forms 2.14 Key buildings and corners 3.7 Elevations 3.8 Materials and details

P SLOPES The district’s dramatic and varied landscape and SLO ES topography create valuable opportunities to open up Opening up views and views from developments towards built landmarks 6 designing to make the and the countryside, and to views of new housing most of the topography and in its setting. Successful development depends on ground. understanding not only this, but also the ground’s stability, any contamination, and any history of mining and other uses.

The attractiveness of some of the district’s best historic places GHULYHVSDUWLFXODUO\IURPKRZGHYHORSPHQWLVͤWWHGWRVORSLQJVLWHV Today the hilly topography presents many similar opportunities for thoughtful design.

KEY RELATED PRINCIPLES

2.12 Topography and ground 2.13 Roofs and buildings forms 3.2 Internal layout

12 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: BRADFORD’S PRIORITIES

A development’s location, density and all aspects of EFFICIENT FFICIENT transport must be carefully planned, particularly to E (̪FLHQWXVHRIUHVRXUFHV minimise the use of cars. Sustainable drainage will 7 PDNHJRRGXVHRIZDWHUDQGUHGXFHWKHULVNRIͥRRGLQJ The effects of sun and wind must be considered in such matters as passive solar gain, shading, and the microclimate of public spaces. The energy demand for heating, lighting, hot water and cooling should be minimised, and low-carbon energy solutions used. Designing for waste should include arrangements to collect separated waste streams and minimise the impact of the waste collection system on the public realm. Carefully considered construction processes can themselves help to minimise waste and the use of energy.

Badly designed homes and neighbourhoods waste resources, and KEY RELATED PRINCIPLES lock in undesirable patterns of consumption and living for years to come. 1.5 Prioritise the environment 2.16 Waste (QHUJ\H̪FLHQW

PROCESS The planning system can guide the development ROCESS of healthy, green, well-connected housing and P Making design and planning neighbourhoods, achieving public policy, while 8 processes work together giving housebuilders and developers certainty and avoiding delays. Housebuilders and developers must consult and collaborate effectively with interested parties in all new developments, and take part in supportive early discussions with the planning authority.

An open and collaborative planning and design process can achieve the best outcomes for everyone. It will ensure that housebuilders, developers, designers, the Council and local communities are all part of achieving our vision of greener, safer, more accessible and distinctive neighbourhoods that create healthy communities for all. KEY RELATED PRINCIPLES

1.1 Establish a project brief 'H̨QHDFRQFHSW

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 13 POLICY AND GUIDANCE

As a supplementary planning document The NPPF is supplemented by the (SPD), this design guide supports and government’s National Planning elaborates on local planning policy as set Practice Guidance (NPPG), a useful out in the Bradford Core Strategy (2017). guide to making the most of the planning process in raising standards of design. It is consistent with planning policy at NPPG provides more detail about national and district level. the importance of design, the tools available to achieve it and particular NATIONAL POLICY considerations to bear in mind for certain The government’s planning policies types of development, including housing for England are set out in the National design. Planning Policy Framework (NPPF, The NPPF says that well-designed or 2018). Section 12 says: ‘The creation changing places should: of high quality buildings and places is fundamental to what the planning and • be functional development process should achieve’ support mixed uses and tenures (paragraph 124). Local authorities are • encouraged to use the wide range of • include successful public spaces tools available to achieve this, including be adaptable and resilient design guides like this one. • • have a distinctive character The NPPF explains that success depends on ‘effective engagement • be attractive between applicants, communities, • encourage ease of movement. local planning authorities and other interests throughout the process’ DISTRICT POLICY (paragraph 124). Part B of this document Bradford’s Core Strategy (2017) is the provides guidance on consultation and adopted local plan for the district. engagement in Bradford. Consultation on the Bradford Core The NPPF states clearly: ‘Permission Strategy Partial Review was completed in should be refused for development early 2019. Appendix X summarises how of poor design that fails to take the the vision and priorities in this design opportunities available for improving the guide relate back to key policies in the character and quality of an area and the adopted local plan. way it functions, taking into account any Bradford’s Core Strategy (2017) is based local design standards or style guides on the following themes: in plans or supplementary planning documents’ (paragraph 130). Bradford • Planning for Prosperity (economy and District Council is committed to testing MREVWUDQVSRUWDQGPRYHPHQW all development against that benchmark. • Planning for People (housing) This design guide helps to clarify what local guidance is most relevant to • Planning for Places (environment, Bradford. minerals, waste and design)

14 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: POLICY

7KLVGHVLJQJXLGHUHIHUVWRVSHFLͤF networks of routes for all modes, policies within all three themes, particularly promoting cycling and illustrating the broad view required walking. to design successful homes and DS5: Safe and Inclusive Places, which neighbourhoods. The policies most • emphasises accessibility for all, relevant to this guide are: safety, and social interaction. DS1: Achieving Good Design, which • HO9: Housing Quality, which sets emphasises collaborative design and • out qualitative requirements for new a holistic view of placemaking, based homes. on a good understanding of context. In Part C of this guide, Design Guidance, • DS2: Working with the Landscape, each principle is cross-referenced to the which emphasises sensitivity towards relevant local plan policies. existing landscape and providing high-quality new landscape and open :KHUHVSHFLͤFSULQFLSOHVDOVRUHODWHWR spaces. other local policies, these have also been highlighted in the panel on each topic DS3: Urban Character, which • page. requires new development to create a distinctive character, with appropriate Other relevant local policy is also cross- levels of sensitivity to context, or referenced within Part C. It includes creating new identity through creative Shipley and Canal Road Corridor Area design. Action Plan, and Bradford City Centre • DS4: Streets and Movement, which Action Plan. LGHQWLͤHVWKHLPSRUWDQFHRIFRQQHFWHG

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Local Plan for the Bradford District: Core Local Plan for the Bradford District: Local Plan for the Bradford District: Shipley Strategy Development Plan Document Bradford City Centre Area Action Plan and Canal Road Corridor Area Action Plan

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 15 HOW TO USE THE DESIGN GUIDANCE

DESIGN TOPICS SCALE OF DEVELOPMENT All design guidance chapters are laid It is acknowledged that different scales out on the page in a similar format (see of development will need to determine opposite), with a reference bar along the different levels of detail within the design right-hand side of the page. This provides of their planning application. the key information that the chapter relates to e.g. design principle, relevant Bradford Council splits its applications policy/guidance and the Bradford LQWR0LQRU XQLWV DQG0DMRU  priority(s). A quote from a local character units) applications. Therefore, for the is provided as a reminder of some of the purpose of this design guide, different KHDOWKDQGZHOOEHLQJEHQHͤWVWKDWHDFK VFDOHVRIGHYHORSPHQWDUHGHͤQHGDV design topic is aiming to promote. • Small: 0-9 units • Medium: 10-99 units TYPE OF PLANNING APPLICATION • /DUJHXQLWV All planning applications, whether Medium and Large developments are outline or detailed, will need to respond likely to include some sort of public WRDOORI6HFWLRQ'HͤQLQJD%ULHI7KH realm or interaction with it. So they are VFDOHORFDWLRQDQGW\SHRISURMHFWZLOO likely to need to reference all the Design determine which topics from Section 2, Principles in the guidance. Creating a Neighbourhood and Section 3, Making a Home must be referenced for Small developments may not need to respond to all of the design guidance in HDFKSURMHFW7KHVHVKRXOGEHGLVFXVVHG Section 2: Creating a Neighbourhood, DQGDJUHHGZLWKD3ODQQLQJ2ͦFHUHDUO\ as this section generally refers to the RQLQWKHSURMHFW establishment of larger-scale urban design strategies. However, small schemes should still reference the headline Principles, as summarised at the start of the chapter to ensure that high-quality is delivered.

16 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: HOW TO USE THE DESIGN GUIDANCE

7

2.6 2.6 OPEN SPACE AND Case study: Coin Street Community Builders LANDSCAPE Coin Street Community Builders’ cooperative housing scheme in London offers affordable 1 UHQWVIRULQGLYLGXDOVDQGIDPLOLHVLQKRXVLQJQHHG7KHͥDWVKDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGDURXQGD communal garden which all residents can access. The cooperative delivery and management model means that tenants manage and maintain the development and grounds. PRIORITY EEN US GR CL IVE OPEN SPACE IN 2

EALTHY TINCTIV H IS E D

PRINCIPLE 2.6 There must be a variety of spaces that cater for all ages and abilities of High-quality and green public open residents. Developments within the city spaces must be provided as part of centre or the Shipley and Canal Road PRINCIPLE 2.6 residential developments. They must be Corridor must meet the requirements and High-quality and green safe and well-overlooked, and provide a VWUDWHJLHVGHͤQHGLQWKHDVVRFLDWHGDUHD public open spaces must variety of activities and uses for all ages action plans. be provided as part of 3 and abilities. They must be supported by a robust maintenance strategy. :KHUHEORFNVRIͥDWVDUHSURYLGHGWKDW residential developments. give residents a small private outdoor THE FUNCTION OF THE SPACE IN INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE URBAN They must be safe and HOW? space, such as a balcony or terrace, a RELATION TO SURROUNDING HOUSING DRAINAGE FEATURES well-overlooked, and communal garden must be provided if The Fields in Trust guide Planning and Open spaces must contribute to the provide a variety of Public open space must be provided the building does not face directly over a Design for Outdoor Sport and Play should blue infrastructure of the local area activities and uses for all as part of all proposed residential public open space. These gardens must be followed to ensure an adequate mix and, where suitable, include attractive ages and abilities. They developments and as set out in the Core be high-quality, green spaces that look and design of open spaces. The type of drainage features such as ponds and must be supported by Strategy, EN1 Open Space, Sports and attractive and enhance local biodiversity. open space must be relevant to the type soakaways. Such features must be a robust maintenance Recreation. These must be in the form Communal gardens must be managed of housing provided close by, to ensure designed to enrich the landscape and strategy. of newly created spaces or enhanced and maintained by the company that that it will be used and enjoyed. ecology of the space, for example by existing spaces. Should neither of these UXQVWKHEORFNRIͥDWV introducing wetland habitats, rather options be possible on smaller sites, a Medium to large open spaces should Open spaces must be integral to than simply being functional landscape ͤQDQFLDOFRQWULEXWLRQWRDQRSHQVSDFH be designed as multi-use green spaces POLICIES / REFS development proposals. To achieve this, drainage features. (See Water and nearby may be required. This should be with a mix of facilities for a wide range of an open space strategy must be devised drainage strategy, Topic 2.7). GLVFXVVHGZLWKSODQQLQJRͦFHUVZKHQ uses. Bradford Core Strategy: agreeing the design principles and when establishing the design principles EN1 and frameworks for a scheme. This must LOCATION AND ORIENTATION WHY? 4 frameworks. City Centre AAP: M6 EHDJUHHGZLWK&RXQFLORͦFHUVEHIRUH To ensure that it is used and enjoyed, an The Council is giving high priority to Shipley AAP: SCRC/ developing the scheme further. open space must: dealing with issues relating to poor HSC2 air quality and poor health, both of form part of a wider network of open • which can be targeted by improving Fields in Trust guidance spaces and streets the amount, quality and access to open NPPF: paragraphs 91, 96, create a safe, focal point, located • VSDFHDQGWKURXJKVLJQLͤFDQWJUHHQLQJ 171, and 127 so that the space appeals to a wide of urban areas. range of potential users and is well overlooked by home frontages Research by Born in Bradford shows “THERE’S A SLIDE AND that parks with high levels of amenities, be well located so that it is easy and SWINGS IN THE PARK • such as seating, picnic tables, drinking safe to access from the dwellings it BUT I LIKE CLIMBING ON fountains and bins, provide the greatest are intended to serve, in both existing THE TREE-TRUNK BRIDGE level of satisfaction. Other factors that BEST” 5 and new communities encourage the use of open spaces are • be positioned to receive direct natural green features, water features, sunlight activities for children, places for EHORFDWHGIRULWVEHQHͤWWRWKH social interactions, and spaces that A centralcentr al greengree n with a variety of • uses including play facilities, SuDS community, not on left-over areas that are enjoyable for adults and children. features, tree planting, seating, open are hard to develop. Open spaces have been found to be play space, food growing planters most successful when designed in and natural play. All overlooked collaboration with the local community. by neighbouring homes and wewell (See Play, Topic 2.10). connected in a central location

64 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 65 6

8

KEY Sample page from design guidance with explanation of the page structure 1. Principle number 2. Bradford Priority reference 3. Design Principle 4. Policy or guidance document references 5. 3HRSOHKRZWKLVJXLGDQFHEHQHͤWV people in Bradford - with a particular focus on health and well-being 6. Page number 7. Case study or example 8. Design Topic heading and Principle

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 17 PROCESS

Successful design depends on getting carrying out detailed design. This is how the process right. To help achieve that, the design guidance in Part B is set out. this design guide is set out in a way that follows the process of designing new Within these three stages, or sections of homes and neighbourhoods. This will the guide, a guidance summary is set out, allow the user, whether a housebuilder, with the following information: DUFKLWHFWSODQQLQJRͦFHURUORFDO • The key output for the stage of work. resident, to know what is expected at HDFKVWDJHRIWKHGHVLJQMRXUQH\ • A list of the design topics included in the section (as set out in Part B). A communication strategy supporting • Appropriate content to include within the complex process of designing pre-app meetings. homes and neighbourhoods needs to link into the planning process, with • Appropriate content to include in clear communication with the planning public consultation. authority. It also needs to reach out to • The equivalent RIBA stage that the local stakeholders, using consultation section relates to. Key and engagement that may include residents, business-owners and In order for applicants to deliver the Consultation landowners. best housing possible, we encourage all applicants to use this table to discuss C events The design and access statement, which the preferred process, outputs, content, must be submitted as part of most consultation, pre-application strategy Pre-application P meetings planning applications, is another tool and any challenging design issues IRUFRPPXQLFDWLQJWRSODQQLQJRͦFHUV with the planning authority to agree a Key link members and local residents, so it is preferred approach as early as possible. important that it explains the thinking Link for complex/ and process behind the proposal. The indicative timeline below illustrates how the design outputs will be informed sensitive projects only The table opposite summarises the three by well-planned consultation with local stages of design from setting the brief, people and regular pre-application See the following pages to creating a design concept, through to meetings with the planning authority. for further information

PROJECT SUBMIT START Defining a Creating a Making a PLANNING 1 BRIEF 2 NEIGHBOURHOOD 3 HOME APPLICATION

Design outcome informed by process

Communication (pre-apps and consultation) C P C P C P

Output Scheme Design concept / Detailed Design and (Evolving design brief masterplan drawings Access content for DAS) Statement (DAS)

18 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: PROCESS

Design guidance defining a creating a Making a (as set out 1BRIEF 2NEIGHBOURHOOD 3 HOME in Part C)

Analysing the site and Creating a neighbourhood Working up the dwelling creating a project brief layout with a clear concept design detail

Summary This section sets out a Using the brief created in This guidance sets out the of the method of thorough site Section 1, this section shows detailed design guidance section’s and context analysis. This KRZWRGHͤQHWKHVWUDWHJLHVIRU for homes. It should purpose is critical to understanding DUREXVWDQGMXVWLͤHGVFKHPH respond to the design brief opportunities and concept and a masterplan. created in Section 1, and constraints, such as local It focuses on the layout or develop from the scheme character, identity and macro neighbourhood scale, concept, masterplan and topography, before moving encouraging applicants to neighbourhood design in on to design. It also sets out resolve the design issues Section 2. the key ingredients to make a here, before moving on to the sustainable place for people detailed design of homes in to thrive. Section 3.

Key output 3URMHFWEULHI Scheme concept / masterplan Detailed drawings

Pre-app If a site is particularly Applicants should have a The Council will now meetings sensitive (e.g. complex pre-app meeting as soon have an understanding ground conditions or as a scheme concept, of the scheme principles, topography) or is within a design principles and a so this stage will allow conservation area or place draft masterplan have been for discussions of detail of environmental or cultural created. At this meeting the design elements. Again, VLJQLͤFDQFHDQHDUO\SUH number of further meetings the number of meetings app meeting should be should be agreed, based on needed will depend on the organised to discuss with the the complexity and size of the complexity and size of the Council the best approach to scheme. scheme. P the scheme.

Public Good questions to ask local Presenting and getting At this stage it is important consultation: residents at this stage include feedback on the proposed key to discuss with local suggested what works and doesn’t design principles, such as the residents the developing issues to work about the site and location of open space and scheme designs. This is address local area. Local knowledge main access points, allows a good time to get more could unlock issues such as consultees to be part of the focused input on the design what they value in character evolving design process. of an area that they can terms, preferred walking They can see how their initial UHDOO\LQͥXHQFHVXFKDV routes, areas that need better input has helped to develop a community hall or the surveillance and open spaces the scheme design. layout of homes. C that are important to the community.

RIBA stage Stage 1: Preparation and brief Stage 2: Concept design Stage 3: Developed design

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 19 P PRE-APPLICATION MEETINGS

A positive and informative pre- • Help the applicant understand application process will enable a relevant planning policies and other smoother process for applicants, and material considerations. better homes and neighbourhoods for Ensure that all interested parties the district. We encourage applicants to • identify the main issues that need to get in touch and organise pre-application be resolved. meetings early in the design process. • Discuss how to mitigate the impact of Bradford Council splits its applications the proposed development by design LQWR0LQRU XQLWV DQG0DMRU  and/or planning conditions. units) applications. • Identify what information should accompany the planning application, MINOR APPLICATIONS (SMALL-SCALE reducing the risk of delays at DEVELOPMENT) validation stage. Applicants submitting minor applications For larger, more complex or contentious can receive written feedback for their schemes, the Council will suggest taking scheme design prior to submission. the scheme design to a design review Further information is provided on the panel, such as the Yorkshire Design Bradford Council website (see link in box). Review Service, to get expert, external guidance from professionals. MAJOR APPLICATIONS (MEDIUM- AND LARGE-SCALE DEVELOPMENT) Most of the material prepared for pre-application meetings should be Before an outline or detailed planning incorporated into the design and access permission is submitted, a housebuilder statement for a planning application. or developer should have site- and SURMHFWVSHFLͤFGLVFXVVLRQVZLWK the Council about their initial site assessment, proposed site layout and plans/drawings for the development. Such discussions should work to the EHQHͤWRIERWKWKHDSSOLFDQWDQGWKH Council, improving the quality of the planning application and the likelihood of its success. The planning authority will advise the applicant which specialist &RXQFLORͦFHUVVXFKDVWKHWUHHDQG For further information see: ELRGLYHUVLW\RͦFHUVZLOOQHHGWREH www.bradford.gov.uk/ consulted as part of an application planning-and-building-control/ process. planning-application-and- building-regulations-advice/ The aims of pre-application discussions pre-application-advice-for- are to: residential-and-commercial- developments/

The design process should be collaborative

20 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: PRE-APPLICATION MEETINGS

ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES three dimensions at the beginning of the design process, and bring images THE APPLICANT showing the three dimensions to • For Medium and Large schemes, illustrate the proposals in a way that is applicants should organise an initial appropriate to the stage in the design meeting early in the process, when the process. This will enable potential site analysis is complete, the brief is issues such as cost and accessibility set, and the early scheme concept and to be addressed at an early stage. design frameworks are set out. If it is DFRPSOH[RUVHQVLWLYHSURMHFWPHHW BRADFORD COUNCIL ZLWKRͦFHUVDVSDUWRIWKHEULHIVHWWLQJ As the planning authority, Bradford stage. Council is passionate about supporting the city’s housebuilders in delivering the Applicants should refer to this design • homes that are needed, and in creating guide and to local policies at the pre- the best neighbourhoods possible. We app meetings and when submitting understand that to get the best out of the documents to indicate at an early pre-app process, the Council needs to: stage how the Council’s priorities are being supported. • Provide a coordinated response from the different departments, such as Applicants should be open to working • highways and trees. in a collaborative and positive way with the Council to achieve the best • Be open to discussion and negotiation RXWFRPHVIRUWKHSURMHFWDQGWRPHHW on complex issues. the priorities for Bradford’s homes and Provide a reasonably prompt response neighbourhoods. • to allow the scheme to maintain • Where the site is a sloping one, momentum and for the design to applicants should start designing in progress.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 21 C ENGAGEMENT AND CONSULTATION

Bradford Council is committed to giving THE BENEFITS ‘residents a say in shaping... the future 7KHEHQHͤWVRIHIIHFWLYHSXEOLF of the district’ (www.bradford.gov.uk/ consultation for housebuilders and consultations/current-consultations/ developers include: consultation-and-engagement/) • An opportunity to save money The design and development of in the long term by identifying, every housing and neighbourhood understanding and addressing issues development will affect some early, and to deliver development that people directly and others indirectly. is well suited to its place and market. Applicants must take responsibility This will enable housebuilders to get it for communicating with those who ULJKWͤUVWWLPH may be affected to make sure that they • Creating greater certainty in the DUHLQIRUPHGDERXWWKHSURMHFWDQG planning application process by where possible, have the opportunity to fostering a positive relationship with contribute to shaping the development. community members, who are likely to have the chance to make comments This section looks at the expectations for during the formal consultation period. community and stakeholder engagement during the design process and before the • In some cases being involved in planning application is submitted. the planning process may lead to community organisations themselves THE APPLICANT’S EXPECTATIONS carrying out some aspects of the care The design and planning process achieves the best results when it is open and collaborative, allowing informed decisions to be made at every stage. Engagement should enable the best outcome to be achieved for all if both the applicant and the consultee are able to be clear about their goals and priorities for development.

With small developments that are unlikely to impact a large number of people VLJQLͤFDQWO\SXEOLFHQJDJHPHQWZLOOEH expected to be proportional.

For Medium and Large developments, consultation with the local community and stakeholders is highly encouraged. When stakeholders and community members are involved positively at an early stage, they will be able to offer local knowledge and to identify issues that the development may help to resolve. 'PICIGOGPVUJQWNFDGURGEKƒEVQVJGNQECNEQOOWPKV[CPFKPXQNXGGXGT[QPG

22 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: ENGAGEMENT AND CONSULTATIONS

and maintenance of a place, to the opportunities to steer the design, advantage of both themselves and the VXFKDVLQͥXHQFLQJWKHORFDWLRQRID quality of the place. community park or facility. 3. Working up the design detail: a CONSULTATION: HOW MUCH AND WHEN? presentation of the developed The extent of community and stakeholder VFKHPHZLWKDͤQDORSSRUWXQLW\IRU engagement should be agreed at the comments before the application is ͤUVWSUHDSSOLFDWLRQPHHWLQJZLWKWKH submitted. Computer-generated or local authority. It will depend on the three-dimensional images will help VL]HFRPSOH[LW\DQGVLJQLͤFDQFHRIWKH consultees to understand what is development and its likely impact. being proposed. (DUO\HQJDJHPHQWLVOLNHO\WREHQHͤWDOO VLGHV)URPWKHVWDUWLWFDQGHͤQHZKDW WHAT SORT AND WHO FOR? LVͤ[HGE\SROLF\DQGZKDWLVQRWDQG The process of engagement with the what is open to negotiation and what is public and stakeholders needs to be not. It can focus everyone’s attention on carefully planned itself, taking account of planning and design principles before the scale of the proposed development. getting caught up with details. It can Those organising the process need ensure that consultees will feel able to reach out to a diverse audience of to have their say if they are presented people in Bradford District with a wide with detailed proposals and computer- range of abilities and interests, including generated images. wheelchair users, people with sight or hearing impairments, and younger (YHU\SURMHFWLVGLIIHUHQWEXWDW\SLFDO people. Young people need particular Medium or Large development would encouragement to engage: they may EHQHͤWIURPDQHQJDJHPHQWHYHQWDW ͤQGVRPHRIWKHQHZO\GHYHORSHG HDFKRIWKHVWDJHVLGHQWLͤHGLQWKLV participation apps fun to use. guidance: The language used to communicate 1. Assessing the site and context to PXVWEHIUHHRIXQQHFHVVDU\MDUJRQ FUHDWHDSURMHFWEULHIDSSOLFDQWV recognising that many people who will should view the early consultation have a great deal to contribute will be SURFHVVDVDZD\WRͤQGRXWZKDW unfamiliar with some of the technical and people want in their communities, professional terms. what is currently lacking, and what could be improved. Genuine questions should be asked of consultees, giving them a real 2. 'HͤQLQJWKHGHVLJQSULQFLSOHVDQG opportunity to shape the design of the framework: here applicants could scheme. The Council recommends a show how the early engagement ‘you said,we did’ approach, in which KDVKHOSHGWRVKDSHWKHSURMHFW applicants will carefully communicate brief. The initial elements of the and document what they have done to scheme’s design should be discussed address the issues raised by consultees, before detailed design takes place. or explain why it is not practicable or Consultees might be offered possible to address them.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 23 THE DESIGN AND ACCESS STATEMENT

This design guide sets out the topics that 7KH'$6VKRXOGVHWRXWKRZWKHSURMHFW must be addressed in the design process has evolved from an analysis of the for new homes and neighbourhoods site and its context, through to the in Bradford District. All of these topics ͤQDOVFKHPH,WVKRXOGH[SODLQDOOWKH (where relevant) should be included in a HOHPHQWVRIDSURSRVDODQGMXVWLI\HLWKHU design and access statement. The list in KRZWKHGHYHORSPHQWZLOOͤWLQWRWKH the box (opposite) suggests a typical way local context, or how it creates its own to order the information. appropriate character. The DAS should also cover issues of access and inclusive Design and access statements (DAS) design. are required in Bradford District for most The Ministry of Housing, development proposals where: Preparing the DAS should form an Communities and Local integral part of the design process, 7KHSURSRVHGGHYHORSPHQWLVPDMRU *RYHUQPHQWVSHFLͤHV • used by the design team to record the development (for the purposes of ‘a design and access decisions that inform the evolving this guide, this will principally mean statement is a concise SURSRVDOV,WVKRXOGH[SODLQDQGMXVWLI\ residential development with 10 or report accompanying WKHSURSRVDODQGLGHQWLI\LWVEHQHͤWV more houses, or a site greater than certain applications for 0.5ha). It should include diagrams, plans and planning permission and applications for listed Where any part of the development photographs that explain an analysis of • building consent. They is in a designated area (such as a the site, the overarching development provide a framework for conservation area) and the proposed principles and the design concept. These applicants to explain how development consists of either the should be accompanied by a concise the proposed development provision of one or more dwelling written commentary. is a suitable response to houses; or the provision of a building The DAS should set out how consultation the site and its setting, and (including an extension to an existing and pre-application meetings were demonstrate that it can be EXLOGLQJ RUEXLOGLQJVZKHUHWKHͥRRU XQGHUWDNHQDQGKRZWKH\LQͥXHQFHGWKH adequately accessed by space created by the development is design. prospective users. Design 100 m 2 or more. and access statements • The application is for listed building Applicants should demonstrate how can aid decision-making consent. they have used the principles set out in by enabling local planning this design guide and how these have The DAS should be developed as a result authorities and third parties informed their approach. of the design process, explaining and to better understand supporting an application for planning For outline planning applications, the analysis that has permission or listed building consent. the Council will require illustrative underpinned the design of material to demonstrate that a high a development proposal. A good DAS will: quality of design can be achieved in line The level of detail in a design • be concise with the application. Where possible, and access statement GHVLJQFRGHVRUVSHFLͤFDWLRQVIRUWKH should be proportionate be proportionate to the scale and • detail design should be provided. As to the complexity of the complexity of the proposal a minimum the design and access application, but should not • EHVSHFLͤFWRWKHDSSOLFDWLRQ statement accompanying an outline be long.’ application should set out the scheme • outline clearly the factors shaping the (www.gov.uk/ principles and parameters as well as design guidance/making-an- information to set out the future quality application#Design-and- include accurate and informative • of development and should include an Access-Statement) illustrations to explain the scheme. illustrative layout and elevations or street drawings, accurately drawn to scale.

24 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: THE DESIGN AND The following suggested contents list follows the contents of this design ACCESS STATEMENT guidance.

For larger, complex or more sensitive applications, further information may be required, such as a townscape and visual impact assessment.

3ODQQLQJ2ͦFHUVFDQSURYLGHIXUWKHU support on agreeing the appropriate '$6FRQWHQWVIRUHDFKSURMHFWDQGWKLV should be discussed as part of the pre- application process.

DESIGN AND ACCESS STATEMENTS: CONTENTS

Introduction / Executive summary Making a home: 3.1 Flats and apartments 'H̨QLQJWKHEULHI 3.2 Internal layout 1.1 The project brief 3.3 Storage 1.2 Site and context analysis 3.4 Light and ventilation 1.3 Responding to character 3.5 Outdoor space 1.4 Making places for people 3.6 Privacy 1.5 Prioritise the environment 3.7 Elevations 3.8 Materials and details Creating a neighbourhood:  (QHUJ\H̪FLHQW 2.1 Scheme concept 2.2 Density and scale Technical summaries (as appropriate) 2.3 Movement - Energy strategy 2.4 Green streets - Structural strategy 2.5 Safe and characterful street - Maintenance and management arrangements 2.6 Open space 2.7 Water and drainage 2.8 Landscape 2.9 Biodiversity 2.10 Play 2.11 Housing mix 2.12 Topography and ground conditions 2.13 Roofs and building forms 2.14 Key buildings and corners 2.15 Parking 2.16 Waste 2.17 Making inclusive places

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 25 BALANCING COST AND QUALITY

Similar to many other places there not increase the cost of building new can be challenges to building viable homes, but instead focus priorities on developments in some parts of the certain design issues. District. In some areas house values can be low and Bradford’s topography means The following table gives some that building can be more expensive. The suggestions for how to manage costs design guidance in this document should and give priority to design quality in the design process.

defining a creating a Making a 1BRIEF 2NEIGHBOURHOOD 3 HOME

Carry out thorough site analysis Topography and ground conditions Minimise unit types We encourage Fully understanding a site and its (see Section 2.12) Bradford’s applicants to create a range of FRQVWUDLQWVLVWKHͤUVWLPSRUWDQW hilly topography is an attractive ZHOOGHVLJQHGͥH[LEOHXQLWW\SHV$ step in managing costs. It means characteristic of the district. smaller number that work well rather that unexpected issues should be Opening up views to look out over the than a large range of unit types tends minimised. Responding carefully dales and the district should be an to save costs in the long run. to Section 1of the design guidance important design principle wherever will help you to carry out a full this is possible. But the costs of Priorities Give priority to detailing assessment of the site before matters relating to ground conditions ZKHUHLWFRXQWVPRVW)RUDOOSURMHFWV beginning to design. and topography need to considered. design detailing and high-quality materials should be focused Make sure that you quantify any We recommend talking early in the SDUWLFXODUO\RQWKHJURXQGͥRRU constraints such as challenging process to: treatment, especially where the ground conditions, servicing or homes meet the front gardens and • &RXQFLOODQGDQGSROOXWLRQRͦFHUV drainage by working with a viability streets. to discuss ways to manage consultant early on. topography and ground condition Attention to detail on building Look out for central government issues. materials, front doors, windows grants that may be available to deal • &RXQFLOKLJKZD\VRͦFHUVWR and bin storage, and sensitive front with certain costs. Examples have discuss the most effective street JDUGHQWUHDWPHQWVZLOOVLJQLͤFDQWO\ included support for dealing with and infrastructure options for improve the overall quality of the FRQWDPLQDWHGODQGRQEURZQͤHOGV each site, so that a practical home and street. sites. and successful solution can be %XLOGLQJHQYHORSHVKDYHDPDMRU LGHQWLͤHG impact on cost. Simple layouts and It is important to design in three forms will not only minimise cost, dimensions from the start, so that EXWWKH\DOVRZLOOWHQGWRUHͥHFW a full picture of the topography is Bradford’s building vernacular. understood, allowing retaining walls However, window detailing and roof and land cut to be minimised. forms must be carefully considered.

26 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART A: BALANCING COST AND QUALITY

GUIDANCE FOR RESIDENTS AND COMMUNITIES

The Council is committed to building tens of thousands of new homes by 2030 to meet central government targets to provide enough housing for our JURZLQJSRSXODWLRQ:HKDYHLGHQWLͤHG sites in the district that are well suited to creating homes, and we will also welcome proposals from housebuilders on other sites that might be appropriate. Understanding that this will require FKDQJHDQGDGMXVWPHQWZHKDYHFUHDWHG this design guidance to ensure that all new homes will improve the quality of our GLVWULFWWRWKHEHQHͤWRIERWKQHZDQG existing neighbourhoods.

The Council encourages local communities to get involved in the process of designing new housing where involved in neighbourhood planning. possible. Local residents often know This process can help to give local their neighbourhood the best. It could FRPPXQLWLHVDUHDOLQͥXHQFHRQWKH be the stories or memories which make planning and design of housing and other it unique, knowing what people like best development in their area. about the area, or how they would like The local planning authority is required to see it improved. When coordinated to undertake a formal period of public in a positive way, this input can provide consultation prior to deciding a planning invaluable local knowledge for designers application. As the government’s of new neighbourhoods, ensuring that National Planning Practice Guidance the best outcomes are achieved for says, ‘It is important that local planning everyone. authorities identify and consider all Bradford District Council welcomes relevant planning issues associated with the role of parishes, town councils and a proposed development. Consultees neighbourhood forums in becoming may be able to offer particular insights or detailed information which is relevant to the consideration of the application’ – and the earlier the better.

For further information and guidance, please see the Council website.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 27 Apperley Green, Greengates

28 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART B: INTRODUCTION PART B THE DESIGN GUIDANCE

This design guide is intended to be The chapter is split into three parts: used in chronological order, taking the starting with a brief, establishing a high- applicant through the design process, quality and healthy neighbourhood and, starting with brief-setting and gradually ͤQDOO\FUHDWLQJDWWUDFWLYHIXQFWLRQDODQG increasing the level of detail that is long-lasting homes. incorporated into the scheme, from A summary of the purpose, outputs and neighbourhood to the home. contents of the three parts is set out This chapter of the document sets below. out the design principles and their accompanying guidance.

Design Defining a creating a Making a guidance BRIEF NEIGHBOURHOOD HOME section 1 2 3 Summary This section sets out a method Using the brief created in This guidance sets out the of the for thorough site and context Section 1, this section explains detail design guidance for section’s analysis. This is critical to KRZWRGHͤQHWKHVWUDWHJLHVIRU homes. The design should understanding key opportunities DUREXVWDQGMXVWLͤHGFRQFHSW respond clearly to the design contents and constraints, such as masterplan and neighbourhood. brief created in Section 1, and local character, identity and This section considers the develop from the scheme topography, before moving on macro scale, encouraging concept, masterplan and to design. It also sets out the applicants to resolve the issues neighbourhood principles in key ingredients that make a here, before designing the home Section 2. successful place for people. in Section 3.

What 1.1 Establish a project brief 2.1 &GƒPGCEQPEGRV 3.1 Flats and apartments design 1.2 Site and context analysis 2.2 Density and scale 3.2 Internal layout topics 1.3 Responding to character 2.3 Movement does it 3.3 Storage 2.4 Green streets contain? 1.4 Making places for people 3.4 Light and ventilation 2.5 Safe and characterful streets 1.5 Prioritise the environment 3.5 Outdoor space 2.6 Open space 3.6 Privacy 2.7 Water and drainage 3.7 Elevations 2.8 Landscape 3.8 Materials and details 2.9 Biodiversity 3.9 'PGTI[GHƒEKGPV 2.10 Play 2.11 Housing mix 2.12 Topography and ground conditions 2.13 Roofs and building forms 2.14 Key buildings and corners 2.15 Parking 2.16 Waste 2.17 Making inclusive places

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 29 THE PRINCIPLES: SUMMARY

1 DEFINING A BRIEF

ESTABLISH A $UREXVWDQGZHOOMXVWLͤHGSURMHFWEULHIPXVWEHVHWRXWIRUHYHU\VFKHPH 1.1 based on the information gathered in Section 1 of this guide. A plan for PROJECT BRIEF HQJDJHPHQWDQGSUHDSSOLFDWLRQPHHWLQJVPXVWEHDJUHHGZLWKRͦFHUV

SITE AND A development proposal must demonstrate that a comprehensive site 1.2 and context analysis has been undertaken (using the checklist provided), CONTEXT LGHQWLI\LQJWKHVLWH̵VFRQVWUDLQWVDQGRSSRUWXQLWLHVDWWKHVWDUWRIWKHSURMHFW ANALYSIS

RESPONDING TO All development proposals must respond to any positive local character. This response should be shown in detailed analysis provided in the design and 1.3 CHARACTER access statement, demonstrating how the proposal relates to and reinforces the distinctive characteristics of the site’s local context. All proposals must also demonstrate how guidance provided within the Landscape Character Supplementary Planning Document and any conservation area appraisal documents have been taken into account.

MAKING PLACES Proposals must demonstrate how existing and future communities have been considered. This should include designing around local focal points 1.4 FOR PEOPLE where people can meet. Engagement with local communities should support the development of designing places for people.

PRIORITISE THE Applicants must demonstrate how their proposal is prioritising the 1.5 environment, with a particular focus on air quality and low-carbon ENVIRONMENT GHYHORSPHQWDVSDUWRIWKHVFKHPHREMHFWLYHV

CREATING A 2 NEIGHBOURHOOD

DEFINE A CONCEPT Every development proposal should illustrate a concept which clearly responds to the 6WDJHSURMHFWEULHILQFOXGLQJWKHVLWHDQGFRQWH[WDQDO\VLVDQGFKDUDFWHUUHYLHZ7KH 2.1 concept should clearly integrate the site into its wider area.

DENSITY AND Proposals should be at an appropriate scale and density in relation to the local and wider area, and to national and local policy requirements aimed at increasing 2.2 SCALE densities at sites where public transport and facilities can accommodate them. Higher-density schemes should be of notably high quality, meeting the other principles in this guidance.

30 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD PART B: THE PRINCIPLES

MOVEMENT )RUODUJHDQGPHGLXPGHYHORSPHQWVWKHVWUHHWQHWZRUNVKRXOGGHͤQH 2.3 1. A clear structure of connected streets and routes. 2. An integrated network of routes for all modes of transport, giving priority to active travel. $FOHDUKLHUDUFK\RIURXWHVZKHUHHDFKW\SHRIURXWHKDVDVSHFLͤFFKDUDFWHUDQG function. GREEN STREETS With a focus on greening, all streets should be designed according to their function, as set out in the movement strategy. They should become a high-quality part of the 2.4 SXEOLFUHDOPIRUVRFLDODQGHQYLURQPHQWDOEHQHͤW SAFE AND 1. There should be a clear distinction between public and private areas. 2.5 CHARACTERFUL 1HZGZHOOLQJIURQWDJHVPXVWGHͤQHWKHVWUHHWVSDFHZLWKDFRKHUHQWEXLOGLQJ line that relates to existing building lines. This should contribute to an appropriate STREETS character that relates to the local street scene, referencing elements such as scale, building rhythm, proportion, height, materials and colour. 3. Boundary treatments should be designed to contribute positively to the character of the area and to the quality of the public realm. They should support Topic 2.4 in creating green streets. OPEN SPACE High-quality and green public open spaces must be provided as part of residential developments. They must be safe and well-overlooked, and provide a variety of 2.6 activities and uses for all ages and abilities. They must be supported by a robust maintenance strategy. WATER AND Local blue infrastructure should be extended and integrated into new residential developments, improving outdoor amenity, enhancing biodiversity, providing urban 2.7 DRAINAGE cooling, and supporting a sustainable drainage system for the scheme. LANDSCAPE A landscape strategy must be set out for every housing development proposal. The strategy should include a variety of landscape features with a clear plan for both the 2.8 private and public realms, and a supporting management and maintenance strategy. BIODIVERSITY Proposals must provide a net gain for the diversity of all new schemes. This should be done by considering and enhancing biodiversity at the levels of neighbourhood, 2.9 street and household. PLAY Housing developments should provide children and young people of all ages and abilities with a variety of safe and accessible play spaces and facilities which are soft, 2.10 green, inspiring and educational. HOUSING MIX Residential development must create a housing mix that meets local policy and suits the full range of needs of the local area’s residents. The design of the housing, in 2.11 WHUPVRILWVIRUPDQGOD\RXWVKRXOGUHͥHFWWKHW\SHRIKRXVLQJEHLQJSURYLGHG TOPOGRAPHY AND For sites with varying topography, development proposals must work with the natural slopes as much as possible to take advantage of the site’s unique characteristics 2.12 GROUND (which will become a part of the development’s identity) and minimise the cost of CONDITIONS groundworks. ROOFS AND Proposals must demonstrate how the building and roof form have responded to the local character and context of the site, and how they work with each other in the new 2.13 BUILDING FORMS development. KEY BUILDINGS Development proposals should use particular buildings as focal points within a neighbourhood, located on key corners, facing on to an open space, or at the end of a 2.14 AND CORNERS view corridor. All corner building plots should provide continued frontage to the street edge. PARKING Provide cycle and car parking that is safe and functional, and that neither constrains 2.15 pedestrian movement nor dominates the street scene. Parking must be successfully integrated within the dwelling curtilage and/or the public realm, adhering to the technical requirements set out in the Bradford Street Design Guide. WASTE Proposals should provide solutions where household waste is stored neatly and safely in a location that is easy to use and easy to collect from. Such storage should 2.16 improve rather than detract from the streetscape, complementing the style and character of the building and landscape. MAKING INCLUSIVE All homes and neighbourhoods must be designed to be inclusive and accessible IRUDOO7KH\PXVWDOORZDOORIWKHLUUHVLGHQWVWRSDUWLFLSDWHHTXDOO\FRQͤGHQWO\DQG 2.17 PLACES independently in everyday activities.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 31 MAKING A 3 HOME

FLATS AND Proposals must demonstrate how access and circulation, views and aspect, DQGVKDUHGIDFLOLWLHVKDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGWRFUHDWHDWWUDFWLYHDQGVHFXUHͥDWV 3.1 APARTMENTS and apartment buildings, with access to private or communal outdoor space for all.

INTERNAL Internal layouts must meet Nationally Described Space Standards and 3.2 LAYOUT demonstrate: 1. Functionality 2. Adaptability 3. Safety and security 4. Liveability

STORAGE Homes must include integrated internal and external storage for necessary 3.3 household items, including a vacuum cleaner, luggage, bicycles and bins.

LIGHT AND +RPHVVKRXOGEHGXDODVSHFWZLWKJHQHURXVͥRRUWRFHLOLQJKHLJKWVDQG designed to optimise natural light inside the dwelling. Homes must have 3.4 VENTILATION direct sunlight into at least one living, kitchen or dining space.

OUTDOOR SPACE All homes must have direct access to private outdoor space. Development proposals must demonstrate that outdoor space is sized appropriately, and 3.5 has the potential to introduce planting, seating and storage, if these are not already part of an integrated design.

PRIVACY Layouts must ensure that the siting of homes provides adequate privacy. Development proposals must also ensure that houses do not impact 3.6 negatively on existing nearby properties with respect to light, outlook and scale.

ELEVATIONS Proposals must demonstrate that elevations have good proportions; a balance between privacy and optimising internal natural light; a considered 3.7 level of detail; and suitable materials for texture and depth. Streets can EHQHͤWIURPFRQVLVWHQF\RIVRPHRIWKHVHHOHPHQWVWRFUHDWHDVWURQJ identity.

MATERIALS AND Building materials must be selected for their appropriateness to local character, performance ability, environmental qualities and aesthetic value. 3.8 DETAILS Reinforced by high-quality, robust detailing, development proposals must HPSOR\DIDEULFͤUVWDSSURDFKZKLFKZLOODOORZKRPHVWRODVWORQJHUDQG SHUIRUPPRUHHͦFLHQWO\

ENERGY Development proposals must demonstrate how homes are designed to EHHQHUJ\HͦFLHQWDQGWRRSWLPLVHWKHXVHRIQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHVUHGXFLQJ 3.9 EFFICIENT residents’ utility bills and the environmental impact of building.

32 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD

1.0 DEFINING A BRIEF

1.1 ESTABLISH A PROJECT BRIEF 1.2 SITE AND CONTEXT ANALYSIS 1.3 RESPONDING TO CHARACTER 1.4 MAKING PLACES FOR PEOPLE 1.5 PRIORITISE THE ENVIRONMENT

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 33 K1 Co-housing, Marmalade Lane, North Cambridge. A project with a unique brief, based on a co-housing typology with a mix of unit types for an established community group.

34 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 1.1 1.1 ESTABLISH A PROJECT PLAN

PRIORITY OCES ESTABLISH A PROJECT BRIEF PR S

PRINCIPLE 1.1

$UREXVWDQGZHOOMXVWL̨HGSURMHFWEULHI must be set out for every scheme, based PRINCIPLE 1.1 on the information gathered in Section 1 of this guide. A plan for engagement and A robust and well- pre-application meetings must be agreed MXVWL̨HGSURMHFWEULHI must be set out for every ZLWKR̪FHUV scheme, based on the 7KHͤUVWVWDJHRIWKHGHVLJQSURFHVVLVWR information gathered in VHWRXWDFOHDUSURMHFWEULHI Section 1 of this guide. A plan for engagement and 7KHEULHIZLOOEHGHͤQHGE\EDFNJURXQG pre-application meetings research, including: must be agreed with • conducting a thorough site and R̪FHUV context analysis (refer to Topic 1.2) • understanding the local character (refer to Topic 1.3) • considering how to make a place that will be focused on people (refer to POLICIES / REFS Topic 1.4) Core Strategy: SC1, SC3 • considering how the development can give priority to the environment (refer to Topic 1.5) Carrying out this research at an early VWDJHDQGXVLQJLWVͤQGLQJVWRLQIRUPWKH SURMHFWEULHIZLOOHQVXUHWKDWWKHGHVLJQ FDQEHUHDGLO\MXVWLͤHGWKURXJKRXWWKH design and planning process (in pre- application meetings; in consultation; and in the design and access statement). It will help to minimise the risk of “THIS PLACE LOOKS LIKE discovering important details late in the IT HAS BEEN DESIGNED, design process. For medium and large- RATHER THAN BEING A VFDOHSURMHFWVRUVFKHPHVRQVHQVLWLYH BUNCH OF STANDARD or complex sites, a pre-application HOUSE TYPES THROWN PHHWLQJZLWK&RXQFLORͦFHUVLVKLJKO\ TOGETHER” recommended during this stage.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 35 1.2

SITE AND CONTEXT ANALYSIS

PRINCIPLE 1.2

A development proposal must demonstrate that a comprehensive site and context analysis has been undertaken (using the checklist provided), identifying the site’s constraints and opportunities at the start of the project.

Designing successful housing and neighbourhoods depends on understanding the site and its context, and responding positively – and creatively – to the existing features and conditions. A comprehensive site and context analysis will identify the site’s constraints and opportunities, LQIRUPLQJWKHSURMHFWEULHIDQGHQVXULQJ WKDWWKHGHVLJQSURFHVVLVLQͥXHQFHGE\ a clear understanding of the site and its surroundings. 'ZCORNGQHCYKFGTEQPVGZVCPCN[UKUYJKEJKFGPVKƒGUVJGCRRNKECPVUKVGKP The extent of the area to be surveyed and relation to different uses, key access and movement routes and areas of key what needs to be assessed will depend open space and amenity on the scale and location of the proposed development. The table on the following Site boundary page provides a checklist to help prompt 4QCFUYKVJJGCX[VTCHƒE Broad location of boundary for acceptable level of noise for residential what analysis may be required, and development (minor mitigation what may inform the future design. For required within buildings) Railway line example, site layout should be clearly Great Crested Newts LQͥXHQFHGE\DFFHVVH[LVWLQJODQGVFDSH l

and ecology, Topography and ground Electricity sub station

conditions. Listed building

The extent of analysis required should be Garden wall DJUHHGZLWKDSODQQLQJRͦFHUDWWKHVWDUW Gas pipe RIWKHSURMHFWDQGVKRXOGEHLOOXVWUDWHG by diagrams and photos. This must be Existing low spot Approximate easement areas for GLVFXVVHGZLWKRͦFHUVGXULQJWKHSUH overhead cables, gas pipe and electricity sub station application process and be presented in the initial chapters of the design 132KV overhead cables and access statement for the planning GCN receptor area application. 1m Contours lines Area of brickearth extraction Trees and hedges A contour plan will be required for any site Constraints Plan that has varying topography. Approximate location of trees on site Example of an opportunities and constraints plan which highlights key features which may constrain development

36 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 1.2 SITE AND CONTEXT ANALYSIS

PRIORITY

TINCTIV LOPES IS E S D

GREEN SITE AND CONTEXT ANALYSIS CHECKLIST

ACCESS ENVIRONMENTAL ‰ Vehicular movement network (eg ‰ Noise pollution PRINCIPLE 1.2 primary, secondary) ‰ Air quality ‰ Pedestrian movement network A development proposal ‰ (including existing Public Right of Ways) )ORRGULVN ͥRRG]RQHOHYHOV must demonstrate that ‰ Cycle movement network (incl. National SERVICES a comprehensive site Cycle Routes) and context analysis ‰ Existing underground services (eg has been undertaken ‰ Bridle-path network (eg designated water, waste water, comms, gas, etc) (using the checklist public rights of way) provided), identifying ‰ Existing overground services (eg ‰ Key access points electricity, comms, etc) the site’s constraints and opportunities at the start ‰ Public transport facilities (including frequency of service) PLANNING of the project. ‰ Proximity to communal open space ‰ Known planning applications (lodged/ ‰ Local destinations consented/etc) ‰ Desire lines BUILT ENVIRONMENT & AMENITIES TOPOGRAPHY & GROUND CONDITION ‰ Landmarks, key buildings and spaces POLICIES / REFS ‰ Site topography and contour plan ‰ Key views Core Strategy: CS2, DS3 ‰ Land-use history - on site and ‰ Frontages QHLJKERXULQJ EURZQͤHOGRUJUHHQͤHOG ‰ Surrounding residential density site and implications) ‰ Surrounding buildings heights ‰ Land quality/contamination ‰ Surrounding uses (eg residential, retail, ‰ Geology FRPPHUFLDORͦFH ‰ Local mining history ‰ Listed and heritage buildings ‰ Ground stability ‰ Conservation areas ‰ Archaeology ‰ Play and leisure facilities ‰ Sports facilities BIODIVERSITY & ECOLOGY “USING THE OLD ‰ Healthcare facilities ‰ Existing ecological surroundings (on and HEDGEROWS HAS BEEN A surrounding the site) ‰ Schools and community facilities CLEVER WAY OF DIVIDING ‰ Existing species and habitats (including UP THE SITE” green and blue infrastructure) CHARACTER ‰ Dwellings sizes and types LANDSCAPE ‰ Materials ‰ Landscape character ‰ Roof types and pitches ‰ Existing trees and hedgerows ‰ Elevations ‰ Blue infrastructure, eg waterbodies, ‰ Boundary treatments watercourses ‰ Street furniture ‰ Communal open spaces, eg parks and greens

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 37 1.3

RESPONDING TO CHARACTER

PRINCIPLE 1.3 Wharfedale, and the South Pennine Towns and Villages. A brief summary is All development proposals must respond provided on page 40; applicants should to any positive local character. This read the Core Strategy for more detail. response should be shown in detailed analysis provided in the design and BUILT HERITAGE access statement, demonstrating how the proposal relates to and reinforces the The rich and diverse built heritage of distinctive characteristics of the site’s Bradford District is represented by over local context. 5,000 individual listed buildings. This can be attributed mostly to Bradford’s All proposals must also demonstrate how former status as one of the wealthiest guidance provided within the Landscape cities in the world due to its booming Character Supplementary Planning textile manufacturing industry. The Document and any conservation area heritage includes large mill buildings appraisal documents have been taken with towering chimneys; smaller-scale into account. workers’ accommodation; large private Character is the sum of all the elements mansions; and ornate Victorian buildings that make up a place, including the within the city centre. physical elements of streets, buildings By acknowledging this heritage, an and landscapes, and softer elements interesting and genuine character can such as views, sense of enclosure, land be considered so that history becomes use and function, smells, sounds and embedded into the new built fabric. colours. The elements that are important Modern interpretations are widely to the character of a place depend on encouraged, while random assemblages the scale that it is seen at – from distant of previous styles are to be avoided (see views as well as from within the streets Case Study). themselves. A place’s distinctive character is generally made up of: 'H̨QLWLRQV • the qualities that are typical, such as Landscape Character Supplementary Planning Document the type, form and pattern of housing (SPD): %UDGIRUG'LVWULFWKDVLGHQWLͤHGODQGVFDSHFKDUDFWHU • the special elements: unique, areas that have been documented in separate chapters distinctive features such as a church to explain the distinctive attributes and features of each, in its churchyard, a village green, or a including which are desirable to preserve and enhance. Each landmark such as Salts Mill. assessment details the condition of the landscape and its sensitivity to change, and provides a set of policy guidelines for Bradford District has a combined set development. of unique characteristics that make it a special place to live and visit. Conservation area appraisal or assessment: There are 59 For further information, the Core designated conservation areas within Bradford District. Strategy outlines in detail the spatial All of them have accompanying appraisal and assessment and economic characteristics and documents which highlight key characteristics, strengths, REMHFWLYHVRI%UDGIRUG'LVWULFWXQGHUWKH weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and provide maps four sub-areas: City of Bradford, Airedale, which identify the important features in each area.

38 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 1.3

Case study: Northumberland Street, Liverpool RESPONDING TO CHARACTER Sixteen affordable, eco-friendly homes are designed with a contemporary take on the terraced house type, using traditional materials to compliment the local character.

PRIORITY

TINCTIV LOPES IS E S D

PRINCIPLE 1.3

All development proposals must respond to positive local character. Detailed analysis should be provided in the DAS, demonstrating how the proposal relates to and reinforces the distinctive characteristics of the site’s Any conservation area appraisal or contours. Understanding how a new local context. DVVHVVPHQW VHHWKHGHͤQLWLRQVER[  development will be viewed within the All proposals must also must be taken into account. context of its landscape and built context demonstrate how guidance from surrounding high and low points provided within the Landscape Character Supplementary COUNTRYSIDE AND LANDSCAPE can help to inform the structure set out Planning Document and any in the masterplan, and the form and conservation area appraisal The countryside and close proximity appearance of the buildings. (See also documents have been taken of attractive landscape to urban areas into account. Topic 2.13 Roofs and building forms, is one aspect of living in Bradford and Topic 2.12 Topography and ground District that everyone agrees is a unique conditions). advantage. Proximity to the district’s POLICIES / REFS moorlands, uplands, woodlands and WATERWAYS Landscape Character wetlands will have an impact on the scale Supplementary Planning and orientation of new development. The Bradford’s waterways are a unique Document (SPD) design must be informed by guidance feature of the district’s landscape and Conservation Area provided in the Landscape Character SPD built heritage. From the Leeds-Liverpool Assessments and VHHGHͤQLWLRQ  canal, the Rivers Aire and Worth, and the Appraisals multitude of becks (streams), there is an Views and access must be preserved Core Strategy: P1, BD1, opportunity for waterways to contribute and/or enhanced, and integrated as part AD1, WD1, PN1, DS3 even more to the district’s built character. of both the movement and the green- NPPF: paragraphs 127 blue infrastructure strategies. This will Currently, the district’s waterways as not and 185 ensure that there is a strong, positive as well integrated to the settlements as relationship between new development they could be. Many waterways are faced “THE DESIGNERS HAVE and the landscape. by backyard fences, lined with high or low NOTICED THAT THE BEST solid walls, and any footpaths tend to be THING ABOUT THIS VARIED TOPOGRAPHY narrow. Despite there being a vast and PLACE IS THAT THE DALES extensive network, many waterways are ARE ON OUR DOORSTEP” The topography of the district varies often only noticeable due to the presence across the metropolitan area, with of a bridge. They should be celebrated its distinctive valleys and rolling more. landscapes. It needs to be understood in relation to both the site and the wider :KHUHDGHYHORSPHQWVLWHLVDGMDFHQWWR context. An undulating or sloping site an existing waterway, or contains part of provides the opportunity to create a one, it should relate positively to it and distinct character by exploring how be an important element of the scheme’s buildings and streets relate to a site’s concept.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 39 CORE STRATEGY SUB-AREAS

The Local Plan’s Core Strategy DPD characterises the district as four sub- areas: City of Bradford (including Shipley), Wharfedale, Airedale and the South Pennine Towns and Villages . It outlines VSHFLͤFVSDWLDOYLVLRQVDQG policies for each sub-area, and provides useful insight into the Council’s priorities for each area. Core Strategy sub-areas

The City of Bradford (including Shipley) across the landscape. The areas of distinct covers the main urban area of the district, built character include town and village centres, encompassing areas with a large variety of built VXEXUEDQLQWHQVLͤFDWLRQDQGJUHHQͤHOGJURZWK characters, including urban and town centres, 6RPHDUHDVDUHFOHDUO\LQͥXHQFHGE\6DOWDLUH VXEXUEDQLQWHQVLͤFDWLRQDQGJUHHQͤHOGJURZWK Wharfedale represents the valley to the north The rich architectural heritage in the city centre of Airedale, including Ilkley, Menston, Burley is enlivened by the district’s uniquely young, in Wharfedale, and Addingham. Wharfedale’s growing and international population, with many university students attending the University SULQFLSDOWRZQ,ONOH\LVORFDWHGMXVWQRUWKRI Rombald’s Moor, an area of moorland between of Bradford and Bradford College in the city’s the Airedale and Wharfedale valleys. It is a vibrant Learning Quarter. popular tourist destination due to its proximity to Shipley Town Centre and the Canal Road Corridor the moorlands and the Yorkshire Dales National DUHLGHQWLͤHGDVDNH\JURZWKDUHDDQGORFDWLRQ Park. for sustainable housing growth, connecting As with Airedale, the town and village centres are Bradford City Centre to Shipley by a linear park and the Canal Road Greenway (part of the VLWHGRQWKHYDOOH\ͥRRUEXWVWURQJHGJHVDQGWKH distance between them enables them to retain Sustrans National Cycle Network). their traditional characters, despite a great deal Saltaire Village, west of Shipley, has become RIJUHHQͤHOGJURZWK0DQ\DUHDVHQMR\GUDPDWLF DPDMRUWRXULVPDQGOHLVXUHGHVWLQDWLRQGXHWR views of the surrounding landscape due to the its status as a Unesco world heritage site. Its variations of topography. Victorian terrace houses and overall masterplan The South Pennine Towns and Villages include VWUXFWXUHKDYHFOHDUO\LQͥXHQFHGPDQ\RWKHU Queensbury, Thornton, Wilsden, Haworth, housing areas across the district. Today Oakworth, and Oxenhope. These settlements are Saltaire faces modern problems such as how to generally much smaller in scale than the other accommodate parking and bins. sub-areas, with only few larger non-residential North-west of the City of Bradford area, the buildings, such as schools. Town and village Airedale corridor includes Bingley, Keighley, centres are integrated into residential-scale Silsden and Steeton with Eastburn. These buildings and are typically based around a high industrial towns developed in the broad street. ͥRRGSODLQRIWKH5LYHU$LUHDQGKDYHVLQFH A large part of the area sits within the Pennine spread out on to the often steep, surrounding Uplands landscape character area, and has very valley sides. little settlement other than isolated farmsteads. While many areas appear heavily developed, The moorlands and settlements in this area, Airedale maintains a delicate balance between such as Haworth and Thornton, have historical industry, settlement, woodland cover and VLJQLͤFDQFHSDUWLFXODUO\GXHWRWKHLUOLWHUDU\ pastoral land uses, creating dramatic contrasts connections with the Bronte Sisters.

40 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 1.3 RESPONDING TO CHARACTER

BUILT CHARACTER AREAS While these categories will not cover the full spectrum of built character and their Bradford District can be generally detailed nuances within Bradford District, characterised into a range of typical built the following guidance will provide an character area types. It is likely that most introduction to the typical character new housing in Bradford will be focused areas related to residential areas. It will on the following four settlement types: also help to provide a starting point • Urban city centre (i.e. Bradford City for assessing the local character of a Centre) development site. • Town and village centres All applicants will be expected to carry • Urban terraces out their own detailed assessment and this should be summarised into a chapter • Suburban of the Design and Access Statement.

Map of Bradford District

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 41 URBAN CITY CENTRE This built character area refers almost exclusively to Bradford City Centre as the only location in the district where there are: • ZHOOGHͤQHGPL[HGXVHGHQVHXUEDQ blocks • buildings with large-scale footprints, and/or four or more storeys high • FRQWLQXRXVDGMRLQLQJIURQWDJHDWEDFN of pavement • pedestrian-only streets in important central locations • a mix of building styles, but generally dominated by historic buildings from the industrial revolution • landmark buildings, particularly in front of public open spaces or on corners Figure ground: Bradford city centre, showing large urban-scale blocks • views from streets orientated out to the city, hillsides and countryside beyond • active building uses on the ground ͥRRU • varied roof forms • discreet parking, including multi- storey and roof parking There are small areas in the centre of Shipley and Keighley that have similar characteristics. 7KHͤJXUHJURXQGSODQKHUH illustrates part of Bradford city centre, demonstrating some of the features listed above. It will be important to maintain these qualities, and the function of urban centres as thriving commercial hubs where people are attracted to live, study, visit and work in.

For example, the city centre must: Bradford city centre • maintain a mix of commercial, cultural and civic uses residents and visitors to move easily • give priority to uses on the ground between different city centre uses Further ͥRRUWKDWKDYHDQDFWLYHIURQWDJH information • include indoor and outdoor places, on character • promote contemporary building styles such as community centres or public can be that complement the surrounding built squares and public greens for people found in the heritage, creating a vibrant, modern to gather, meet and spend time in Bradford environment • be well-maintained and managed, City Centre • ensure safe, convenient and well-lit with high-quality street furniture, to Design Guide pedestrian and cycle routes, allowing promote civic pride. SPD

42 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 1.3 RESPONDING TO CHARACTER

TOWN AND VILLAGE CENTRES While there is a great deal of variation between the town and village centres in Bradford District, many have similar basic characteristics. For example, they are typically: • based around a linear high street (of varying lengths, depending on the scale of the town or village) • with some landmark civic buildings (such as a church or community hall) • residential in scale, and no more than two to three storeys high • ZHOOGHͤQHGE\DGMRLQLQJEXLOGLQJV located on the back of pavement • RQPHGLXPWRͤQHJUDLQEXLOGLQJ footprints and streets • mixed-use, with occasionally residential above and/or between Figure ground: Ilkley town centre shops and businesses • vibrant in colour from the painted shop-fronts, shop displays, signage, some awnings, and occasionally some planting • designed with areas of public open space, squares or enlarged pavements with seating • designed to have a mix of on-street parking and larger parking areas on the periphery of the town or village centre. Larger town centres, such as Shipley, Keighley and Ilkley, have larger Church Street, Ilkley town centre commercial areas and may contain some • HQVXUHWKDWJURXQGͥRRUXVHVKDYH four-storey buildings. active frontages and that they are 7KHͤJXUHJURXQGSODQRSSRVLWH overlooked from residential uses illustrates part of Ilkley town centre, above which demonstrates some of the features • maintain an appropriate scale for listed above. areas of open space to allow them to Similar to urban city centres, town and host community events village centres must also be designed to • promote the use of colour and planting function as thriving commercial hubs. to ensure a vibrant and inviting They must be viable and self-sustaining, atmosphere and they should cater to a wide variety of residents. For people to be attracted to • ensure safe, convenient and well-lit live in these areas, it will be important to: pedestrian and cycle routes to allow residents and visitors to move around maintain a mix of commercial, social • FRQͤGHQWO\DWDOOKRXUV and civic uses, particularly those with a community focus, within a compact • be well-maintained and managed, and pedestrian-friendly environment with opportunities for community involvement, to promote civic and community pride.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 43 URBAN TERRACES %URZQͤHOGDQGJUHHQͤHOGGHYHORSPHQW can be suitable for denser residential schemes. There are several ways to achieve this density. The choice of layout DQGEXLOGLQJIRUPZLOOKDYHDVLJQLͤFDQW impact on the overall character. A historic example of creating medium-to-high density suburban neighbourhoods is Saltaire (see image and diagram opposite). There are urban terraces of two storeys, with taller three-storey elements used to bookend, corner or break-up the terrace. This is a layout style that is still used in housing developments today. Terraced housing has evolved to have clear public fronts and private backs, gardens, parking and effective bin stores. This more contemporary version of terraced housing is encouraged in Figure ground: Saltaire village, a UNESCO World Heritage Site Bradford. The following important characteristics should be considered: • a rectilinear and gridded street structure, with a mix of long and shorter blocks • primarily made up of terraces that are two to three storeys in height, with changes in height or roof style to mark ends or corners • streets designed and orientated towards open space, views or trees • clearly marked and carefully designed individual front doors to homes • front gardens to provide a threshold between the street and home, and to allow for bin and bike stores and planting • private back gardens bordering other Saltaire village private gardens for good security • set out around streets with a clear hierarchy of primary and secondary routes • clear distinction in the character of streets running in different directions

44 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 1.3 RESPONDING TO CHARACTER

SUBURBAN &HUWDLQSDUWVRIJUHHQͤHOGGHYHORSPHQW can be more suited to medium-to-lower density residential schemes. There are several ways to achieve this, and the choice of layout and building form will KDYHDVLJQLͤFDQWLPSDFWRQWKHRYHUDOO character. These locations will need a careful consideration of how to create a more open and rural character within the residential development, including the following features: • based around a street pattern that responds to features such as contours and landscape elements, with roads that align to features such as contours and hedges • urban blocks primarily made up of semi-detached and detached housing, with short runs of terrace housing Figure ground: Burley in Wharfedale in isolated areas or located along primary streets. The balance of green space between homes will have a VLJQLͤFDQWLPSDFWRQWKHRYHUDOO character • two to three storeys high • typically served by on-plot parking, including driveways, and attached and detached garages • wider streets, created with house frontages set back from the pavement • a mix of architectural styles and building forms. (Similar styles Worth Valley, South Pennine are usually grouped together in recognisable neighbourhoods). Other important features to consider include: avoiding a layout based on cul-de- • a mix of parking solutions should be sacs, due to the lack of connectivity • used within neighbourhoods to help that they provide for pedestrians and prevent streets being dominated by cyclists cars parked in front of the building • development should front onto line, whether on-plot or on-street. (See countryside rather than turn its back also Topic 2.15 Parking). • the structure of landscape should 7KHͤJXUHJURXQGSODQDQGLPDJHDERYH contribute to character, in terms of the LOOXVWUDWHKRZJUHHQͤHOGJURZWKKDVEHHQ backdrop, street scene and long views. positively achieved in Burley, Wharfedale.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 45 Varndell Street, Camden

46 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 1.4 1.4 MAKING PLACES FOR PEOPLE

PRIORITY LTH US EA Y CL IVE MAKING PLACES FOR PEOPLE H IN

PRINCIPLE 1.4 The processes of site and context analysis, and understanding local Proposals must demonstrate how character, will inform the nature, location existing and future communities have and form of these features. In many PRINCIPLE 1.4 been considered. This should include cases, creating clear links to existing designing around local focal points Proposals must facilities will enable new developments demonstrate how where people can meet. Engagement to integrate new residents into an with local communities should support existing and future existing community. communities have the development of designing places for been considered. This people. Engagement with stakeholders and local residents will provide useful insight into should include designing around local focal points The success of new developments can be this. Involving residents in the design where people can meet. MXGJHGE\ZKHWKHUUHVLGHQWV ERWKQHZ and management of these spaces can Engagement with local and existing) feel that they are part of a create a sense of ownership, and where communities should community. A larger development, where possible should be initiated at an early support the development a new neighbourhood is being developed, stage. These community focal points will of designing places for may be of a size that enables it to be more be developed and illustrated as part of people. VHOIVXͦFLHQW%XWWKHDUHD̵VH[LVWLQJ the scheme concept. residents should still feel that their needs have been taken into account. POLICIES / REFS Proposals should connect to existing local features that bring people together, Core Strategy: SC3, SC9, such as local shops, a community DS1, DS3, ID7 hall, communal open space and all- NPPF: paragraphs 92, age play space. In large developments 127, and 128 the provision of new facilities may be required. Creating these features will help to support a lively, healthy community by providing places for residents to meet, gather and get to know each other. Located at focal points in the masterplan, they should become recognisable “I KEEP BUMPING INTO elements that are used to identify the PEOPLE I KNOW. IT’S area. ALMOST AS IF IT HAD BEEN PLANNED!” At the smaller scale, details that enable interaction should be included. This might include providing benches at bus VWRSVRUORFDWLQJSRVWER[HVDWMXQFWLRQV or near other facilities.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 47 1.5

PRIORITISE THE ENVIRONMENT

PRINCIPLE 1.5 AIR QUALITY Studies have proven the detrimental Applicants must demonstrate how their health effects associated with poor air proposal is prioritising the environment, quality and currently 1 in 20 deaths in with a particular focus on air quality and West Yorkshire are caused by exposure to low-carbon development as part of the particulate air pollution. While improving scheme objectives. air quality can not be solved simply, there New development provides the are various ways that new development opportunity to make a positive impact can help to mitigate its impact and on the site, the immediate context, improve outcomes. Proposals must: and residents. Bradford District has • Prioritise public transport and active committed to improving air quality and travel (e.g. walking, cycling, etc) addressing climate change by prioritising so that they are highly accessible, low carbon development, as set out attractive and safe, making these in Air Quality & Emissions: Technical modes the best choice to travel, Planning Guidance and West Yorkshire SDUWLFXODUO\IRUVKRUWMRXUQH\V UHIHU Low Emissions Strategy 2016 to 2021. Topic 2.3 Movement) Applicants must therefore demonstrate • Integrate trees and planting within how their proposal supports these streets and open spaces to help clean strategies and guidance. the air, and to create inviting places Other topics in Part 2 of this design guide to encourage physical activity and also have a focus on prioritising the minimise car use (refer Topic 2.4 environment. They include: Green streets) • Topic 2.7 Water and drainage, • Incorporate electric vehicle charging • Topic 2.8 Landscape, points, and other infrastructure which supports ultra-low emissions vehicles • Topic 2.9 Biodiversity, (refer Topic 2.15 Parking) • Topic 2.12 Topography and ground • Ensure that everyday amenities and conditions, services, e.g. a convenience store and • Topic (QHUJ\HͦFLHQW schools, are located within reasonable walking distances for all residents An air quality survey, as part of the site and context analysis (refer Topic 1.2 Site and context analysis), will provide clear information on the extent of air quality issues for each site and whether the detail design of a scheme will need more extensive mitigation for poor air quality. Dust from construction (and demolition) must also be mitigated.

48 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 1.5 PRIORITISING THE ENVIRONMENT

PRIORITY

FICIEN REEN EF T G

LOW CARBON DEVELOPMENT • Modular and/or off-site construction There are a multitude of ways to help methods lower the amount of carbon emissions Opportunities for re-use of any produced by new development, and • PRINCIPLE 1.5 existing site materials, as well as much of the guidance provided in this generally minimising construction Applicants must SPD promotes a robust, low-impact and waste demonstrate how their HͦFLHQWGHVLJQDSSURDFK+RZHYHUDW proposal is prioritising this early stage in the design process, • Employing local labour and using local the environment, with a there is an opportunity to integrate and materials to minimise travel particular focus on air embed low carbon strategies which may Opportunities for on-site renewable quality and low-carbon • development as part of EHPRUHGLͦFXOWDQGH[SHQVLYHWRGR energy production later on. For example, applicants should the scheme objectives. also consider:

Case study: Passive House Terrace, Scotland’s Housing Expo, Inverness POLICIES / REFS This development of three family homes demonstrates an 80% reduction in energy consumption, negating the need for conventional heating. Orientation, a compact form, Core Strategy: SC2, TR1, off-site construction processes and highly-performing components (e.g. windows) were TR3, TR5, EN8 all incorporated to reach the Passive House standards. Air Quality & Emissions: Technical Planning Guidance for West Yorkshire West Yorkshire Low Emissions Strategy 2016 to 2021 NPPF: paragraph 150

“MY NAN LOVES WATCHING THE BIRDS. I WANT THEM STILL TO BE AROUND WHEN I‘M HER AGE”

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 49 Simple yet interesting roof forms help A 4-storey apartment block to create a strong A 3-storey detached house ZLWKJURXQGͥRRUFRPPXQLW\ identity for a marks a key corner within centre marks a key corner neighbourhood (Topic the neighbourhood and adds and provides active frontage 2.13) diversity to the housing mix along a primary road and (Topics 2.11, 2.13 & 2.14) open space (Topic 2.14 & 3.1) Tree-lined streets create an attractive, Parking types vary Communal roof space green neighbourhood, Cycle parking is located between tandem side- provides semi-private encouraging people to in key areas within the of-house and integral outdoor space for walk and cycle around public realm, for example, within curtilage, as well as apartment residents (Topics 2.3, 2.4 & 2.6) near open space and non- parallel and perpendicular (Topics 2.2, 3.1 & 3.5) residential uses (Topics on-street, so that parking 2.3, 2.6 & 2.15) is integrated and therefore Inset balconies does not dominate the provide amenity and streetscape; trees and a sense of shelter planting between on- (Topics 3.1, 3.5 & 3.6) street parking also helps to break up parking areas (Topics 2.4, 2.8 & 2.15)

Raised planter beds create a place for A SuDS attenuation the community to basin is integrated take part in greening into the open their neighbourhood space providing (Topics 2.8 & 2.9) opportunity for play and potential for Different forms of Integrated waste biodiversity (Topics play, from formal to bin storage 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 & informal, create an reduces clutter A change of material The connector street 2.10) inviting open space on streets (Topics at a key intersection includes dedicated foot and (Topics 2.6 & 2.10) 2.14, 2.17 & 3.3) creates a visual cue cycleways, a swale (on one A continuous line of trees planted to drivers to watch side), parallel parking, and ZLWKLQRSHQVSDFHGHͤQHVDQG for pedestrians and trees/rain gardens between greens the street whilst providing cyclists (Topics 2.3 & parking zones (Topics 2.3, the opportunity for biodiversity 2.15) 2.4, 2.7, 2.15 & 2.17) (Topics 2.4, 2.6, 2.8 & 2.9) 50 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD Indicative neighbourhood diagram to illustrate various Section 2.0 design guide topics 2.0 CREATING A NEIGHBOURHOOD

2.1 DEFINE A CONCEPT 2.2 DENSITY AND SCALE 2.3 MOVEMENT 2.4 GREEN STREETS 2.5 SAFE AND CHARACTERFUL STREETS 2.6 OPEN SPACE 2.7 WATER AND DRAINAGE 2.8 LANDSCAPE 2.9 BIODIVERSITY 2.10 PLAY 2.11 HOUSING MIX 2.12 TOPOGRAPHY AND GROUND CONDITIONS 2.13 ROOFS AND BUILDING FORMS 2.14 KEY BUILDINGS AND CORNERS 2.15 PARKING 2.16 WASTE 2.17 MAKING INCLUSIVE PLACES

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 51 Haworth, Bradford

52 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.1 2.1 DEFINE A CONCEPT

PRIORITY

TINCTIV OCESS IS E PR DEFINE A CONCEPT D

PRINCIPLE 2.1 • when designing to a budget, as it keeps a focus on the aspects of the Every development proposal should masterplan that will really make a illustrate a concept which clearly difference PRINCIPLE 2.1 responds to the Stage 1 project brief, to lock in character, identity and including the site and context analysis • Every development design quality from the start. and character review. The concept proposal should illustrate should clearly integrate the site into its a concept which clearly wider area. responds to the Stage 1 Case study project brief, including the URBAN site and context analysis 'H̨QLWLRQ Concept FABRIC and character review. The diagrams take EXTENSION concept should clearly Concept The key ideas on which a many forms. integrate the site into its development will be based. Here is an GREEN example from an GRADUATIONS wider area. urban extension of 450 homes A strong rationale for design is the key GREEN where the key CORRIDORS to providing a high-quality and robust design principle is to respond to masterplan or proposal for a scheme. NEIGHBOUR- and integrate This will clearly illustrate how the site HOOD AVENUE POLICIES / REFS and context analysis (Topic 1.2) have with the existing village in the effectively and meaningfully interpreted west and the GREEN Local Plan: DS1, DS2, the opportunities and constraints of the countryside in ‘MOMENTS’ DS3, DS4 site and local area. the east. NPPF: Section 12, This concept, illustrated as a diagram, paragraph 125 should act as the backbone to the design as it develops and becomes more detailed. The concept will be different for each site. It should highlight the main elements of the proposal, which will be based on aspects of the site such “THE GREAT THING IS THAT as historic layout and buildings, wider IT FEELS LIKE PART OF THE links, connections with open spaces, TOWN, NOT AN ISOLATED topography, and the location of ESTATE” community facilities. The masterplan’s concept will be useful EXISTING VILLAGE for several reasons: • to get buy-in to your scheme design from Bradford Council and stakeholders, helping them to understand why your masterplan is designed the way it is.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 53 2.2

DENSITY AND SCALE

PRINCIPLE 2.2 should be treated carefully so that the proposed scale and density will preserve Proposals should be at an appropriate or enhance the character of these areas. scale and density in relation to the local It will be important to maintain views out and wider area, and to national and local DVZHOODVYLHZVWRVLJQLͤFDQWEXLOGLQJV policy requirements aimed at increasing densities at sites where public transport ,QͤOOGHYHORSPHQWVKRXOGXVXDOO\UHODWH and facilities can accommodate them. sensitively to the scale of neighbouring Higher-density schemes should be of development. notably high quality, meeting the other principles in this guidance. WHAT ARE THE IMPLICATIONS OF INCREASING DENSITY? 1. :KHUHSROLF\LVQRWVSHFLͤFRQ 'H̨QLWLRQV GHQVLW\IXOOMXVWLͤFDWLRQIRUDQ Density The number of homes in increase in density should be provided relation to an area of land. to the Council. Scale The size of a building in 2. Higher-density developments will relation to its surroundings. increase the requirements for car and bicycle parking (Topic 2.15) and open space (Topic 2.6). DETERMINING AN APPROPRIATE SCALE 3. The requirements for all these issues AND DENSITY must be balanced and met when designing a scheme. There will also be As part of the context appraisal, an additional demand for local facilities assessment of appropriate density such as schools and shops. In this should be carried out by balancing case, a conversation should be had character, local context, economic with the Council to determine and requirements and the capacity of the agree the appropriate requirements. local area to accommodate any increase. Large developments of higher The assessment should respond to the density may be required to provide location of the site, such as whether it or contribute towards community is in a central, urban, suburban or rural facilities to support the increased location. population. Sites within or near to Bradford city 4. Higher-density proposals will be centre and the Canal Road Corridor considered only if the scheme is and central areas of Shipley, Bingley notably well designed and meets and Keighley may be well suited to WKHRWKHUSULQFLSOHVLGHQWLͤHGLQWKLV GHQVLͤFDWLRQ)RUVLWHVORFDWHGLQDSDUW guidance. They should also have the of the district that has an area action right unit types to create a positive plan, the density and scale should adhere form of development. to the guidelines set out in that plan.

Sensitive areas such as conservation areas and sites near listed buildings

54 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.2 DENSITY AND SCALE

PRIORITY

HOICE ALTH C HE Y

TINCTIV IS E D

TALL BUILDINGS likely that a townscape and visual impact If tall buildings are proposed, they assessment will be required as part of should respond to the core strategy the planning application. policy DS3:H: ‘Ensure that tall buildings PRINCIPLE 2.2 are appropriate to their location, are of WHY? Proposals should high quality design and that they do not be at an appropriate Increasing densities in appropriate areas detract from key views or heritage assets scale and density in in Bradford will reduce the need for the or create unacceptable local environmental relation to the local district’s residents to travel by car and and wider area, and to conditions.’ connect them effectively into their local national and local policy requirements aimed at All proposals for tall buildings must community. increasing densities be of the highest quality, contributing at sites where public Scale and density can also be used to positively to the character of the transport and facilities KHOSGHͤQHDQDSSURSULDWHFKDUDFWHU townscape and play a role in urban can accommodate them. for the site, for example in designing Higher-density schemes design terms. They should meet the gateways, landmarks and enclosing should be of notably advice set out in Historic England’s space. high quality, meeting the Guidance on Tall Buildings. other principles in this guidance. The principles for the design of tall buildings for each site should be discussed with the planning authority as POLICIES / REFS part of the pre-application process. It is Local Plan: H05, DS3 Area Action Plan: City South Lambeth Estate: Getting the Centre - CL1 density and scale right in relation Shipley & Canal Rd - SCRC/ to the surrounding context and the H1 project brief Historic England Advice Note 4: Tall Buildings Bradford City Centre Design Guide SPD NPPF: paragraphs 118, 123

“I WOULD RATHER LIVE HERE, IN A PLACE WITH A buzz ABOUT IT, THAN IN A SUBURB WHERE NOTHING HAPPENS”

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 55 2.3

MOVEMENT

PRINCIPLE 2.3 • provide connections to existing local amenities that are direct, well For large and medium developments, the overlooked, lit and attractive VWUHHWQHWZRUNVKRXOGGH̨QH • relate well to access points and open 1. A clear structure of connected streets spaces and routes. • respond practically to sloping sites, 2. An integrated network of routes for and help to open up views all modes of transport, giving priority to • provide a framework for well-sized active travel. urban blocks and open spaces that 3. A clear hierarchy of routes, where each suit the character of the area. W\SHRIURXWHKDVDVSHFL̨FFKDUDFWHUDQG 7KHGHVLJQRIDVPDOORULQͤOO function. development should also enhance connectivity with the existing The design of a movement strategy neighbourhood. The case study on should be an important part of any Banbury Place on page 89 gives an masterplan. The strategy should H[DPSOHRIKRZDVFKHPHRIHLJKWͥDWV ensure that there is a clear character enhanced movement in the local area by and technical brief for street design, providing a new pedestrian link through providing effective movement options the site to existing homes beyond. with a successful public realm.

If only one or two streets are proposed 2.An integrated network of routes for in a small or medium-sized development, all modes of transport, giving priority to the street design should still follow these active travel. SULQFLSOHVͤWWLQJLQWRDQGUHVSRQGLQJWR the existing surrounding streets. Pedestrian-focused New residential and mixed-use development should give Once a movement strategy is devised, priority to pedestrian and wheelchair the streets should be designed to be users. There should be direct and green and of high quality, as set out in designated footpaths to local amenities Topic 2.4, Green streets.

HOW SHOULD THIS BE DONE? 1. A clear structure of connected streets and routes The layout of the streets and other routes should be simple and clear. The streets and routes should: • LQWHJUDWHZLWKH[LVWLQJDGMRLQLQJ streets, or link with the layout of any neighbouring site that is being developed

Separate cycle lanes, split from the road using planting and parking, create safe and easy-to-use cycle routes.

56 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.3 MOVEMENT

PRIORITY

REEN TINCTIV G IS E D

CLUSIV IN E and public transport, to make this the easiest and preferred method of getting around. These routes should be central, accessible, safe, along active routes and PRINCIPLE 2.3 well overlooked by dwelling frontages. For large and medium developments, the street Encourage cycling Cycling should be QHWZRUNVKRXOGGH̨QH given priority by ensuring that cycle routes are designed into the movement 1. A clear structure of connected streets and strategy from the start. They should be routes. linked to the existing network of cycling routes and seek to enhance it. Cycle 2. An integrated network of routes for all modes of parking and storage must be provided transport, giving priority Making the right links to effectively connect a (see Topic 2.15, Parking). to active travel. development site into the existing road network Public transport access or extension 3. A clear hierarchy of New residential and mixed-use widths, layout, planting and materials routes, where each type developments should be designed so WRUHͥHFWWKHYDULRXVW\SHVRIVWUHHW RIURXWHKDVDVSHFL̨F character and function. that direct pedestrian access is provided and conditions. The access should from the development to existing bus help to open up the site, ensuring that development is outward facing and well or rail stops, which should be no more POLICIES / REFS than 400m between dwelling and stop. linked to existing streets. For larger developments, the potential A clear hierarchy of routes will enable Bradford Core Strategy: TR1, TR3, TR5, DS3/4 to extend public transport routes should development to create varied street City Centre AAP: M1, M3, be included where possible. This should character that reinforces the character, EHGLVFXVVHGZLWKSODQQLQJRͦFHUVWR M4 providing a framework for creating Shipley AAP: ST1, ST2, determine how it will be delivered. buildings of appropriate density and ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6 Vehicles Routes for vehicles should be scale. Bradford Street Design safe and designed to limit speeds to Guide 20mph and to accord with the technical WHY? TfL’s Healthy Streets requirements set out in Manual for Streets Research carried out in Bradford has NPPF: paragraphs 104, 127 and the Bradford Street Design Guide . shown that poor air quality in the city Service vehicles As well as providing is causing the respiratory health of “NOW THAT MY KIDS CAN high quality street environments, the residents to suffer and is contributing CYCLE TO SCHOOL I’VE requirements for turning areas must to other health problems such as heart NOTICED THEM GETTING be designed to comply with Building attacks, low birth weights and delayed FITTER” Regulations H and B so that refuse and neurodevelopment in children. Born in ͤUHYHKLFOHVFDQHDVLO\DQGVDIHO\DFFHVV Bradford’s research has also made a all homes. link between children’s health and the accessibility of open space to where they 3. A clear hierarchy of routes, where each live. W\SHRIURXWHKDVDVSHFL̨FFKDUDFWHUDQG function. Improving options for active travel to reduce car use and link people to local In masterplans for large sites, different amenities is a key priority for the Council. streets should vary in terms of their

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 57 Case study: Myatt’s Fields, Lambeth, London As part of the regeneration of this estate in South London, a key part of determining the future masterplan was to set out the principles of pedestrian, cycle and vehicular movement. This sought to repair connections and improve desire lines to key local facilities and provide a robust framework from which to develop the building and open space proposals. Pedestrian and cycle movement strategy Vassal Road The access and movement REMHFWLYHVLQUHODWLRQWR Patmos Road The key nodal point pedestrians and cyclists should perform DUHLGHQWLͤHGDV as bookend of the pedestrian focus with Cancel Road featured buildings at - Identifying a clear role both ends and purpose for each open space and route Cromwell Road As a pedestrian focus Cromwell Road should be well lit and re - All routes to be well lit landscaped maximising and overlooked the overlooking from

Brixton Road developmentdevelodev - A main pedestrian

Key pedestrian link Cowley Road route across the park through the park A proposeproposedroposedropose d pedepedestrianp should be well lit routete oveoverlooverlookedoked bby low connecting two high Myatts Fields riseris developmentdevelopevelopeve ment shoushould and overlooked by Park streets development physicallyally connectc ect the new developmentdevelopmvelopm with Myattstts FieldFieldsFi Park - Incorporation of street trees to form avenues on Normandy Road Key destination/Public transport corridor key routes Akerman Road Key destination/Myatts Fields Park Main pedestrian movement Key park route - Promotion of a new green Urban street link between the existing Proposed Home Zone parks Park link Mostyn Road Park frontage route - Direct connections to Desired pedestrian link to Myatts Fields Park local destinations and Key street surrounding the area Main activity focus public transport routes Key nodal point - On-street cycle parking Indicative pedestrian crossing location Site boundary

Vehicular movement strategy

Vassal Road The access and movement REMHFWLYHVLQUHODWLRQ Reconsider one way YHKLFOHVDUHLGHQWLͤHGDV Patmos Road system of Patmos Road within the existing circulation - Creation of a network in the area of more traditional

Brixton Road Cancel Road streets that connect local destinations and optimise the use of available Single sided road with Cromwell Road parallel parking only access points and gaps for trees - Integration of the estate Street downgraded into the wider area, but and re-landscaped to form a home zone DowngradeDow avoiding rat runs high quality edge park AkermanAkermarmann Road to singlegle cacarricarriagewayageway - On-street car parking creatingcreaticre ating urban Reconsider junction Cowley Cowley Road characterchacharac to discourage fast - Good refuse, recycling movements and provide new access to and servicing facilities development Akerman Road

Normandy Road Myatts Fields Park

Minimise the impact of cars around the Urban street square Access to new development Proposed connector road Reconsider junction Proposed Home Zone to discourage fast Mostyn Road movements, reduce Myatts Fields Park impact of traffic and Park provide more space Key street in the surrounding area for pedestrians with high quality landscape Courtyard Existing junction to be reconfigured New access points Site boundary

58 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.4 2.4 GREEN STREETS

PRIORITY

REEN TINCTIV G IS E GREEN STREETS D

CLUSIV EALTHY IN E H PRINCIPLE 2.4 • identify break-out spaces or small squares for play, seating and planting With a focus on greening, all streets include doorstep play facilities on should be designed according to their • residential streets. These need to be function, as set out in the movement well-lit and overlooked (see Topic 2.10, strategy. They should become a high- PRINCIPLE 2.4 Play) quality part of the public realm for social With a focus on greening, ensure that robust, high-quality street DQGHQYLURQPHQWDOEHQH̨W • all streets should be furniture is proposed and well located designed according to Bradford Council wants to ensure that • open up views out to the countryside their function, as set the district is made up of streets, not or to landmarks out in the movement roads. A road is mainly a route for transit; make boundaries green, where strategy. They should a street is a place for people to move in, • possible, by means such as dense become a high-quality interact in, play in and occupy. planting, small hedgerows, or railings part of the public We are also committed to ensuring that with planting next to them realm for social and the green quality of the moors and dales, • integrate parking with these green HQYLURQPHQWDOEHQH̨W and the views of these natural amenities, features so that parked cars do not LVUHͥHFWHGLQWKHGHVLJQRI%UDGIRUG̵V dominate the street scene (see Topic streets and other public spaces. 2.15, Parking) Streets must be designed to limit speeds • ensure that pedestrians have a level to 20mph and to comply with national and clear route for travel POLICIES / REFS requirements and guidance, including • integrate street design with the SuDS Building Regulations and Manual for strategy by incorporating street Bradford Core Strategy: Streets , and local guidance, such as swales where appropriate TR1, TR3, TR5, DS3/4 Bradford’s street design guide. City Centre AAP: M1, M3, set out a clear maintenance and • M4 As well as satisfying these technical management strategy for all planting Shipley AAP: ST1, ST2, requirements, street design should (see Topic 2.8, Landscape and 2.9, ST3, ST4, ST5, ST6 contribute to creating highly-vegetated, Biodiversity ) Bradford Street Design well-structured spaces that are • green streets will be most successful Guide attractive, that enhance biodiversity, and ZKHQWKH\DUHGHVLJQHGLQFRQMXQFWLRQ NPPF: paragraphs 104, that encourage people to occupy them with a series of well-devised open 127, and 181 and interact with other people. spaces (Topic 2.6), an effective Solutions for greening a street will vary, landscape and biodiversity strategy “THERE ARE BENCHES depending on the street’s location and (Topics 2.8 and 2.9), and with private WHERE I CAN HANG OUT intended character. Proposals will range front gardens (Topic 3.5). WITH MY MATES. WHO from planting mature trees in primary WANTS TO BE STUCK WITH streets to including shrubs and planters WHY? THEIR PARENTS ALL THE in private front gardens in residential Many local organisations are committed TIME?” areas. to improving the well-being of the district’s people. Research by Born in HOW SHOULD THIS BE DONE? Bradford has shown the links between To achieve this: green space and good health. These links result in, among other things, healthier • identify larger, primary routes for birth weights, reduced risk of depression mature tree-planting in pregnant women and better mental well-being in children.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 59 Case study: Illustrating a variety of green streets When designing green streets, there are 1. A connector street: The main streets that many ways to illustrate the street layout provide structure in a residential area, with a (such as plans, 3D aerial views and separate cycle lane. computer-generated images). Different 2. A residential street: General streets in techniques should be used to show various residential areas that carry a wide range of levels of detail. movement types. At the design principles stage, and to 3. A home zone: Residential streets where support an outline planning application, the road space can be shared between street sections (below) will show how the drivers and other road users. street works, and how it will be activated and greened. The street sections show examples of three different street types and how front gardens, pedestrians, cyclists, cars, planting and lighting can all work together.

1.

2.

3. Refer to the Bradford Street Design Guide for more technical information.

60 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.4 GREEN STREETS Case study: Further examples of ways to green streets

Paintworks, Bristol Robust planting in large planters softens this otherwise hard- landscaped mews street. It helps to provide a buffer in front of individual homes and extends to become seating. The walkways remain clear and uncluttered.

Derwenthorpe, York Although homes face directly on to the street, the shrub planting at ground level creates a successful buffer or threshold between the private dwelling and the public street. Young street trees are positioned opposite front doors, which each household will identify as demarcating their home. This may help to give a sense of responsibility and pride as the trees mature.

Grangetown, Cardiff Improvements to the streets in Grangetown included soft landscaping and the integration of SuDS features in the form of green ‘islands’ that separate parking spaces and act as WUDͦFFDOPLQJGHYLFHV

Ninewells, Cambridge Robust and attractive planting separates and breaks up parking in front of houses.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 61 2.5

SAFE AND CHARACTERFUL STREETS

PRINCIPLE 2.5 2. COHERENT BUILDING LINE

1. There should be a clear distinction between public and private areas. 1HZGZHOOLQJIURQWDJHVPXVWGH̨QH the street space with a coherent building line that relates to existing building lines. This should contribute to an appropriate character that relates to the local street scene, referencing elements such as scale, building rhythm, proportion, height, materials and colour. 3. Boundary treatments should be designed to contribute positively to the character of the area and to the quality of the public realm. They should support Topic 2.4 in creating green streets. House layouts in Burley, Wharfedale illustrate the perimeter block principle. The design of safe and characterful streets must embed the principles above The building lines of new residential with those in the Green Streets topic. The developments should be appropriate to guidelines set out in Secured by Design WKHORFDOFRQWH[WDQGVKRXOGGHͤQHWKH guidance should also be referenced. street space appropriately. Designers should consider whether the existing 1. PUBLIC VS PRIVATE local pattern should be continued, or if new housing can add richness to the Residential development should be character of an area in some other way. based on the design principle embodied in perimeter blocks, where the public The more continuous a building frontage fronts of buildings should relate to the is, the more urban in character it is likely network of streets, and private areas to feel. Hence a street of terraced houses should be at the back of buildings. will feel more urban than a street of detached houses. The more consistent Where such an approach is not possible, a building line is, the more ordered and designers must demonstrate why their formal the character of the street will design solution is appropriate, and that feel. it achieves a satisfactory distinction between public and private. Generally, more continuous or formal building lines are associated with places Access and servicing at the rear of such as centres or primary routes. dwellings reduces the level of privacy Less continuous or less formal building and potentially the security of properties. lines are associated with the edges of For these reasons, rear parking settlements or rural areas. courtyards should be introduced only where other parking solutions can not be The gaps between buildings can make an achieved or would erode local character. important contribution to local character, The security and surveillance of these particularly where they occur regularly, areas will need careful consideration. such as between semi-detached houses. 62 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.5 SAFE AND CHARACTERFUL STREETS

PRIORITY

CHOICE GREEN

EALTHY TINCTIV H IS E D

3. BOUNDARY TREATMENTS Boundaries to the public realm should relate to the character of the local and district area. They should be clearly PRINCIPLE 2.5 delineated, robust and of high quality, so 1. There should be a clear that they last over time. distinction between public and private areas. Different boundary treatments have a variety of characteristics and are 2. New dwelling frontages PXVWGH̨QHWKHVWUHHWVSDFH suitable in different locations. Generally, with a coherent building low boundary walls or hedges provide line that relates to existing separation between public and private building lines. spaces, ensuring passive overlooking 3. Boundary treatments of the street and an appropriate level should be designed to of privacy for residents at the front of contribute positively to the properties. character of the area. Priority should be given to creating green boundaries where possible, particularly for front gardens, so that the boundary treatment will contribute towards the POLICIES / REFS creation of a green street (see Topic 2.4). This can be in the form of low planting, Local Plan: DS2, DS3, Top: Informal lane, with varied building line and hedges or planting next to low walls or DS4, DS5 varied development form. Bottom: Formal street, railings. Bradford Streets Design with consistent building line and generally Guide consistent set back Stretches of blank walls, garden fences, garage doors and other hard, TfL’s Healthy Streets It is particularly important for small impermeable boundary treatments facing on to streets must be avoided. Secured by Design GHYHORSPHQWVDQGLQͤOOVFKHPHVWR UHͥHFWWKHH[LVWLQJSDWWHUQRIEXLOGLQJ NPPF: paragraphs 91,108, lines where this creates a positive street 110, and 127 character. In designing a street scene with “I NEVER USED TO BE a distinctive character in a larger INTO GARDENING, BUT development, it is desirable to balance EVERYONE ELSE TAKES the degree of consistency and variety. SUCH GOOD CARE OF THEIR FRONT GARDENS I Generally, it is good to create: THOUGHT I’D JOIN IN” • a degree of consistency within a VWUHHWVRWKDWLWKDVDQLGHQWLͤDEOH character and identity • variation between different streets so that people can recognise one from another Low boundary walls between the garden and street so homes overlook the street. Trowse Hopkin.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 63 2.6

OPEN SPACE

PRINCIPLE 2.6 There must be a variety of spaces that cater for all ages and abilities of High-quality and green public open residents. Developments within the city spaces must be provided as part of centre or the Shipley and Canal Road residential developments. They must be Corridor must meet the requirements and safe and well-overlooked, and provide a VWUDWHJLHVGHͤQHGLQWKHDVVRFLDWHGDUHD variety of activities and uses for all ages action plans. and abilities. They must be supported by a robust maintenance strategy. :KHUHEORFNVRIͥDWVDUHSURYLGHGWKDW give residents a small private outdoor HOW? space, such as a balcony or terrace, a communal garden must be provided if Public open space must be provided the building does not face directly over a as part of all proposed residential public open space. These gardens must developments and as set out in the Core be high-quality, green spaces that look Strategy, EN1 Open Space, Sports and attractive and enhance local biodiversity. Recreation. These must be in the form Communal gardens must be managed of newly created spaces or enhanced and maintained by the company that existing spaces. Should neither of these UXQVWKHEORFNRIͥDWV options be possible on smaller sites, a ͤQDQFLDOFRQWULEXWLRQWRDQRSHQVSDFH Open spaces must be integral to nearby may be required. This should be development proposals. To achieve this, GLVFXVVHGZLWKSODQQLQJRͦFHUVZKHQ an open space strategy must be devised agreeing the design principles and when establishing the design principles frameworks. and frameworks for a scheme. This must EHDJUHHGZLWK&RXQFLORͦFHUVEHIRUH developing the scheme further.

A central green with a variety of uses including play facilities, SuDS features, tree planting, seating, open play space, food growing planters and natural play. All overlooked by neighbouring homes and well connected in a central location

64 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.6 OPEN SPACE AND Case study: Coin Street Community Builders LANDSCAPE Coin Street Community Builders’ cooperative housing scheme in London offers affordable UHQWVIRULQGLYLGXDOVDQGIDPLOLHVLQKRXVLQJQHHG7KHͥDWVKDYHEHHQGHVLJQHGDURXQGD communal garden which all residents can access. The cooperative delivery and management model means that tenants manage and maintain the development and grounds. PRIORITY

GREEN CLUSIV IN E

EALTHY TINCTIV H IS E D

PRINCIPLE 2.6

High-quality and green public open spaces must be provided as part of residential developments. THE FUNCTION OF THE SPACE IN INTEGRATING SUSTAINABLE URBAN They must be safe and RELATION TO SURROUNDING HOUSING DRAINAGE FEATURES well-overlooked, and The Fields in Trust guide Planning and Open spaces must contribute to the provide a variety of Design for Outdoor Sport and Play should blue infrastructure of the local area activities and uses for all be followed to ensure an adequate mix and, where suitable, include attractive ages and abilities. They and design of open spaces. The type of drainage features such as ponds and must be supported by open space must be relevant to the type soakaways. Such features must be a robust maintenance of housing provided close by, to ensure designed to enrich the landscape and strategy. WKDWLWZLOOEHXVHGDQGHQMR\HG ecology of the space, for example by introducing wetland habitats, rather Medium to large open spaces should than simply being functional landscape be designed as multi-use green spaces drainage features. (See Water and POLICIES / REFS with a mix of facilities for a wide range of drainage strategy, Topic 2.7). uses. Bradford Core Strategy: EN1 LOCATION AND ORIENTATION WHY? City Centre AAP: M6 7RHQVXUHWKDWLWLVXVHGDQGHQMR\HGDQ The Council is giving high priority to Shipley AAP: SCRC/ open space must: dealing with issues relating to poor HSC2 air quality and poor health, both of form part of a wider network of open • which can be targeted by improving Fields in Trust guidance spaces and streets the amount, quality and access to open NPPF: paragraphs 91, 96, create a safe, focal point, located • VSDFHDQGWKURXJKVLJQLͤFDQWJUHHQLQJ 171, and 127 so that the space appeals to a wide of urban areas. range of potential users and is well overlooked by home frontages Research by Born in Bradford shows “THERE’S A SLIDE AND that parks with high levels of amenities, be well located so that it is easy and SWINGS IN THE PARK • such as seating, picnic tables, drinking safe to access from the dwellings it BUT I LIKE CLIMBING ON fountains and bins, provide the greatest are intended to serve, in both existing THE TREE-TRUNK BRIDGE level of satisfaction. Other factors that and new communities BEST” encourage the use of open spaces are • be positioned to receive direct natural green features, water features, sunlight activities for children, places for • EHORFDWHGIRULWVEHQHͤWWRWKH social interactions, and spaces that community, not on left-over areas that DUHHQMR\DEOHIRUDGXOWVDQGFKLOGUHQ are hard to develop. Open spaces have been found to be most successful when designed in collaboration with the local community. (See Play, Topic 2.10).

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 65 2.7

WATER AND DRAINAGE

PRINCIPLE 2.7 • have a clear management and maintenance plan Local blue infrastructure should be provide positive elements that extended and integrated into new • contribute to the variety of character in residential developments, improving outdoor amenity, enhancing biodiversity, RSHQVSDFHIRUSHRSOHWRHQMR\ providing urban cooling, and supporting • include recreational routes for a sustainable drainage system for the walking, cycling and playing, and any scheme. associated facilities that encourage interaction and play, where possible Applicants should refer to the West • promote and enhance native Yorkshire Combined Authority SuDS biodiversity Guidance and the CIRIA SuDS Manual for be well linked to movement, open full information on the expectations of • space, play, landscape and biodiversity drainage proposals for new homes and strategies neighbourhoods in Bradford. The Council encourages applicants to discuss • conserve water resources. Potable GUDLQDJHVWUDWHJLHVZLWKDQRͦFHUHDUO\ water consumption should be in the design process. It should be noted minimised where possible through WKDWZKLOHDͥRRGULVNDVVHVVPHQW measures such as rainwater collection is needed only for certain sites and for garden irrigation or use within applications, a drainage strategy must be the home, and installing toilets and carried out in all cases. appliances that use relatively little water The consideration of a drainage strategy take account of issues associated with may seem like a technical and standard • land contamination on sites where element of residential development remediation is taking place. design, but for Bradford it should be considered as one of the main elements shaping the design of a scheme’s open space, landscaping and street design. Proposals should set out a strategy for robust, attractive and well-managed drainage that will help to create a resilient, sustainable and highly-valued place to live. Sustainable drainage schemes should: • be introduced early in the process • integrate sensitively with the local existing water network • give priority to sustainable drainage processes rather than large underground water-storage arrangements Using the canal for leisure and travel - Saltiare on the Leeds Liverpool Canal

66 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD Case study: Greener Grangetown, Cardiff 2.7 At Greener Grangetown, the urban realm was redesigned to include soft landscaping and the WATER AND creation of SuDS, such as rain gardens, so that water could be absorbed by vegetation or DRAINAGE gradually through the ground, reducing the amount entering the drains. This frees the network XSIRUZLGHUDUHDͥRRGPDQDJHPHQWUHVXOWLQJLQJUHHQHUDQGPRUHDWWUDFWLYHVWUHHWV

PRIORITY

REEN TINCTIV G IS E D

EALTHY FICIEN H EF T

PRINCIPLE 2.7

Local blue infrastructure should be extended and integrated into new residential developments, improving outdoor amenity, enhancing WATER AND AMENITY 7KLVZRXOGGHOLYHUVLJQLͤFDQW biodiversity, providing Much of Bradford’s history and success environmental, social and economic urban cooling, and is based on the role of the Leeds and EHQHͤWVIRUWKHGLVWULFW supporting a sustainable Liverpool canal, the River Aire and drainage system for the Development on waterfront sites must Bradford Beck for transport, power scheme. include the following features: and communication. These waterways serviced wool and textile manufacturing, • positive building frontages and roof both in homes and mills, in the industrial forms revolution. This legacy has led to the • larger windows POLICIES / REFS watercourses not being as attractive • balconies or accessible as they could be. New Core Strategy: EN7, DS2 development provides an opportunity to • places to sit out City Centre AAP: public access with paths and spaces M6 improve the quality of these waterfronts. • Shipley AAP: CC1, NBE2, • enhancement of wildlife habitats NBE3 careful consideration of materials and 'H̨QLWLRQV • West Yorkshire SuDS boundary treatments. Guidance Sustainable drainage system (SuDS) Physical structures built WHY? CIRIA SuDS Manual to receive surface water run-off, NPPF: The Council wants to use water to help paragraphs 163, 165, including constructed wetlands, and 170 to provide solutions for some of the GHWHQWLRQEDVLQVLQͤOWUDWLRQGHYLFHV district’s challenges. These include permeable surfaces, retention ponds, improving the air quality and the health “I USED TO TRY TO STOP green roofs and swales. SuDS are and well-being of its residents. Making MY DOG JUMPING IN THE designed to reduce pollution and good use of water bodies in new PONDS, BUT IT’S HER ͥRRGULVNLQZDWHUFRXUVHVDQG developments will also help to provide IDEA OF FUN” wetlands, and to improve biodiversity urban cooling, especially in more built-up in urban areas. areas. Blue-green infrastructure A natural water system cycle that contributes to the amenity of a place, including such features as canals, rivers, ponds, SuDs, hedgerows, woodlands and parks.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 67 2.8

LANDSCAPE

PRINCIPLE 2.8 HOW? The landscape proposal should: A landscape strategy must be set out for every housing development proposal. 1. Provide a mixture of landscape The strategy should include a variety features that are appropriate to the of landscape features with a clear plan needs of local residents. for both the private and public realms, These may include natural play features, and a supporting management and DOORWPHQWVIRUJURZLQJIRRGͥRUDO maintenance strategy. gardens for older people to sit in or wild planted areas to provide habitats for The landscape strategy should be closely local species. linked with the Open space, Biodiversity and Play strategies (Topics 2.6, 2.9 and 2. Propose landscape in both public and 2.10). private areas. Every opportunity should be taken to Communal and public open spaces will integrate well-designed landscape with include landscape proposals to meet a rich and native biodiversity into new Bradford’s priorities, encouraging people housing development. to spend time outside, walking, playing and interacting with other people. Medium and large developments will Landscaping features should also be need the input of a landscape architect designed into private gardens. There to design a diverse and robust landscape should be a clear strategy for front and proposal.

Case study: Brentford Lock, Brentford, Greater London A variety of landscaped spaces is provided in this mixed tenure residential scheme next to the River Brent, in the form of courtyards, roof gardens, terraces, balconies and parts of the public realm.

68 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.8

Case study: Tree strategies LANDSCAPE Tree surveys should be carried out, which will identify the category of trees on the sites. Wherever possible, Category A and B trees should be retained. PRIORITY Where trees have to be removed REEN TINCTIV G IS E and the layout and proposal clearly D

MXVWLͤHVWKLVUHSODFHPHQWWUHHV Community should be proposed (see paragraph 4 Centre on this page). ALTH LOPES Landscape proposals should be HE Y S designed to enhance existing clusters of trees and other existing mature Category C - New trees landscape features. removed Category B - removed Area where tree removal could be considered Trees subject to detail design retained PRINCIPLE 2.8

A landscape strategy must be set out for every back gardens; for example, the front should be more natural and informal, housing development garden may support the development of responding to the type of countryside proposal. The strategy green streets (Topic 2.4) and the back that surrounds it. Central or urban areas should include a variety garden enhance a green corridor and should be more formal and consistent. of landscape features its associated biodiversity, and provide 6. Include a robust management and with a clear plan for both space for play (Topic 2.10). maintenance strategy. the private and public 3. Retain existing mature landscape realms, and a supporting Such a strategy should clearly identify features. management and whose responsibility it will be to keep the maintenance strategy. Development proposals and the landscaping in good order and maturing open spaces within them should be over time, and to programme how this designed around the existing high- will be done. A more innovative approach quality landscape features on the site, to this could be to harness community particularly the areas that support support and ownership for the scheme, existing biodiversity, wildlife habitats which could then be managed and POLICIES / REFS and protected species. See Topic 2.9, looked after by a community group. Local Plan: EN2, EN4, Biodiversity. EN5 4. Increase the number of trees. WHY? City Centre AAP: M5 New trees should be planted on all Bradford Council is committed to Shipley & Canal Rd AAP: new developments in both public and VLJQLͤFDQWO\LPSURYLQJWKHGLVWULFW̵VSRRU SCRC/NBE1, SCRC/NBE2, private areas. They should have the air quality, which is damaging the health SCRC/NBE4 space to mature and contribute to the and lives of many of its inhabitants. NPPF: paragraphs 127, development of local wildlife habitats Creating biodiverse landscapes can help 150, 170, and 181 in the future. If tree felling is necessary in several ways: or appropriate, replacements must be • creating a carbon sink to manage car planted and maintained in their place, and industry emissions “THE BEST THING? providing at least one new tree for every CYCLING TO WORK ALONG encouraging people to walk or cycle tree lost. If young trees replace mature • THE CANAL” trees, they should be planted at a ratio of rather than using a car by improving two trees for every tree lost. open spaces and streets • providing shade and urban cooling Trees should be discussed with the &RXQFLO̵VWUHHRͦFHUDQGWHFKQLFDO • KHOSLQJWRPLWLJDWHͥRRGLQJE\ guidance sought for design details such absorbing water run-off as tree pits. • improving the quality of open spaces DQGVWUHHWVIRUWKHEHQHͤWRIORFDO 5. Be sensitive to character. people. The type of landscape should relate to the unique context of the site. For example, landscaping next to a rural area

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 69 2.9

BIODIVERSITY

PRINCIPLE 2.9 lines, diverse grass verges, hedges and water features so that species Proposals must provide a net gain for can move through the development. the diversity of all new schemes. This This also contributes to climate should be done by considering and change resilience. enhancing biodiversity at the levels of neighbourhood, street and household. 5. Provide meaningful open spaces with areas for people and areas for wildlife. As set out in the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), all new housing STREET schemes should provide a net gain for biodiversity. Incorporating biodiversity 6. Include areas of wildlife habitats into new development should be wherever possible, such as trees, considered at the start of the design diverse grass verges, native shrub process in order to fully optimise the areas and linkages. existing features and habitats on the 7. Ensure that wildlife can pass through site and to ensure that the needs of local street environments by creating wildlife is given priority alongside the badger underpasses and hedgehog needs of people. passes between gardens. The Council supports the Wildlife 8. Avoid grated drains, which can be Trusts’ publication Homes for people lethal for amphibians. and wildlife, which provides valuable guidance. INDIVIDUAL HOUSE The following scales of biodiversity 9. Incorporate swift ledges, bat tiles and should be considered and proposed: bricks, and bird features into the fabric of new homes. NEIGHBOURHOOD 10. Plant each garden with a fruit tree. 1. Incorporate SuDs that include 11. Avoid solid fences and walls between features which support wildlife gardens wherever possible. Instead habitats. Examples include green use shrubs, hedges and open-rail roofs and walls, wetland swathes, soft fences so that animals can move landscaping, tree planting and ponds. freely through green spaces. 2. Ensure that planting is dominated by native species of local provenance, to maximise the value for wildlife. For advice and a full list of appropriate native species, contact the Council’s ELRGLYHUVLW\RͦFHU 3. Include nectar and pollen species, and berry- and seed-producing species for EHHVEXWWHUͥLHVDQGELUGV 4. Provide and enhance connectivity habitats and corridors such as tree Hedgehog haven at Kingsbrook, Aylesbury

70 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.9 BIODIVERSITY

PRIORITY

REEN TINCTIV G IS E D

ALTH HE Y

Medium and large developments will WHY? need the input of an ecologist to support The Council’s statutory duty under diverse and robust biodiversity. the Natural Environment and Rural PRINCIPLE 2.9 Communities Act 2006 to conserve MAINTENANCE biodiversity is further reinforced by Proposals must provide a net gain for the diversity To ensure a successful long-term net the NPPF. The conservation and of all new schemes. gain in biodiversity, applicants must enhancement of biodiversity and green This should be done provide a strategy for the maintenance spaces is widely acknowledged to be of by considering and and management of biodiversity paramount importance to people’s health enhancing biodiversity features, integrated with the open space and well-being. This was referenced by at the levels of and landscape strategies. This will be the key stakeholders Born in Bradford neighbourhood, street enhanced by providing information and the Older and Disabled People’s Group when developing this guide. and household. OHDͥHWVWRUHVLGHQWVDERXWZLOGOLIH features within the development to improve the connection, pride and sense of responsibility between people and their local wildlife habitats.

&DVHVWXG\2DN̨HOG9LOODJH.LQJVEURRN$\OHVEXU\ POLICIES / REFS The RSPB is working with Barratt Developments, Aylesbury Vale District and AVDC Local Plan: EN2, EN4, Ecologists as part of the Kingsbrook development of 2,450 homes to create a wildlife- EN5 friendly neighbourhood. It includes features such as bat and swift boxes, the retention of mature green space, the planting of orchards and the creation of hedgehog highways. The City Centre AAP: M5 research has shown that homes designed to give priority to natural habitats are good not Shipley & Canal Rd AAP: only for wildlife, but also for human health and well-being. SCRC/NBE1, SCRC/NBE2, SCRC/NBE4 NPPF: paragraphs 127, 150, 170, and 181

“THEY SEEM TO HAVE PLANTED AT LEAST TWO NEW TREES FOR EVERY ONE THEY HAD TO TAKE OUT”

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 71 2.10

PLAY

PRINCIPLE 2.10

Housing developments should provide children and young people of all ages and abilities with a variety of safe and accessible play spaces and facilities which are soft, green, inspiring and educational.

All residential and neighbourhood development should provide a range of opportunities for children and young people of all ages and abilities to play. This should either be as new features, or the enhancement of existing. Such opportunities should be considered from the small scale in the home and street, to the medium scale in local parks, and through to providing direct and safe access to large play areas, pitches and Play can happen without designated equipment the countryside beyond. DOORSTEP PLAY The play strategy should indicate how all Residential streets should include some ages of children and young people have GRRUVWHSSOD\ VHHGHͤQLWLRQLQWKH been catered for. A robust management box). Such spaces should be positioned and maintenance plan should be so that they are overlooked by the included. neighbouring homes (such as by living The following guidelines set out room windows and front doors facing the examples of how play proposals should street). They should be integrated with EHLGHQWLͤHGDWHDFKRIWKHVHVFDOHV the street so that movement, planting, parking, servicing and play all work safely and attractively together. HOME Homes with two or more bedrooms Small open spaces on streets should be should have a well-sized outdoor space used for formal or informal play, and as (a balcony, terrace or garden) that is places to sit. They should enhance the private, enclosed, usable (balconies character and quality of the street, and at least 1.5m deep) and with minimal be located on circulation routes so that overlooking by neighbours, where young they are well overlooked. children will be safe to play outside. The space should be connected to the 'H̨QLWLRQV living room or kitchen so that parents can easily watch over their children. See Doorstep play 6PDOOVSDFHVQHDUKRXVLQJVSHFLͤFDOO\GHVLJQHG Topic 3.5 Outdoor space. for play, which may or may not have some small items of equipment, or other features for toddlers and seating for adults (Play England)

72 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD Case study: Cornwell Park, Paragon, Cambridge 2.10 This play facility provides a mixture of formal equipment, natural features, open grass space PLAY and circulation routes that will interest a wide age group. The area is well-overlooked by local housing.

PRIORITY

GREEN CLUSIV IN E

EALTHY TINCTIV H IS E D

PRINCIPLE 2.10

Housing developments should provide children and young people of all SAFE CIRCULATION ROUTES WITH WHY? ages and abilities with INCIDENTAL PLAY a variety of safe and 7KHEHQHͤWVRIRXWGRRUSOD\WRFKLOGUHQ̵V accessible play spaces Play should be considered alongside the health, well-being and emotional and and facilities which are Movement strategy (Topic 2.3) so that social development are well-researched soft, green, inspiring and WKHUHDUHVDIHORZWUDͦFNHGURXWHVIRU by Born in Bradford. By creating educational. children and young people to play along. ZHOFRPLQJVWLPXODWLQJDQGHQMR\DEOH Informal play features along these routes places for play, good parks and play should provide interesting and attractive spaces can make a real difference recreational features. to children’s lives. They also help to support families and build more cohesive LOCAL PARKS AND SPORTS PITCHES communities. Appropriate larger open spaces ‘When playing, children choose POLICIES / REFS should be included in all large-scale what to do, how to do it and who to Local plan: EN1 developments. Local parks and greens do it with. Play takes many forms: should provide a mix of amenities for all Shipley & Canal Rd AAP: SCRC/HSC2 ages and genders. These might include doing nothing in particular; doing sports pitches, skate parks, shelters, lots; being boisterous; showing off; Fields in Trust guidance play equipment, dog-walking areas, being contemplative; being alone; NPPF: paragraphs 91, 96, seating and planted areas. Such areas being social; being challenged; being 110, and 127 should be designed in collaboration with WKZDUWHGRYHUFRPLQJGLIͧFXOWLHV the local community. They should be Through play, children explore the easily accessible and well overlooked by housing. All equipment and facilities world and learn to take responsibility should meet Fields in Trust standards. for their own choices.’ Design for Play: a guide to creating successful play spaces , “MY DAD TAKES ME Shackell et al (2008). TO THE PARK ON MY ACCESS TO THE COUNTRYSIDE SCOOTER. HE CAN’T KEEP As well as enhancing views out to the UP WITH ME!” local countryside, new homes and neighbourhoods should enable easy access out to it, where location allows. This should be done by using well-lit paths, clear signage and routes that connect with public rights of way. Linking up with local community groups to SURPRWHWKHEHQHͤWVRIJHWWLQJRXWGRRUV will also help to increase and protect the use of the local countryside.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 73 Water and drainage - Shipley Wharf on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal

74 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.11 2.11 HOUSING MIX

PRIORITY OIC US CH E CL IVE HOUSING MIX IN

EALTHY TINCTIV H IS E D

PRINCIPLE 2.11 additional usable space and bring people together. Residential development must create Multi-generational homes : the case a housing mix that meets local policy • PRINCIPLE 2.11 study on page 96 gives an example of and suits the full range of needs of the how a multi-generational home can local area’s residents. The design of the Residential development work well as an end-of-terrace unit. housing, in terms of its form and layout, must create a housing This provides two street-level access VKRXOGUH̩HFWWKHW\SHRIKRXVLQJEHLQJ mix that meets local points, and the building layout can provided. policy and suits the full allow two generations of a family to range of needs of the live independently, but connected. local area’s residents. The HOW? It is also a way of providing active design of the housing, The mix and tenure of new homes should frontages on a corner plot. in terms of its form and meet local policy and support the Council • Accessible homes: the design of OD\RXWVKRXOGUH̩HFWWKH in providing a mix of affordable housing. homes for disabled people needs care type of housing being All housing should support the creation and attention as the residents often provided. of inclusive communities, with the right feel vulnerable and are dependent on balance of privacy and integration for all others. Valued features include large residents. As set out in Topic 3.2 Internal windows, providing plenty of natural layouts, all house types must have the light; a front door close to an allocated potential to be adaptable as residents’ parking bay; being located next to POLICIES / REFS needs change. ‘standard’ house types; and units on WKHJURXQGͥRRU Local Plan: H08, H09 Sites that are located close to NPPF: paragraphs 61, neighbourhood centres, community • Affordable homes: schemes that and 62 facilities and transport hubs are likely include a mix of housing tenures to be suitable to house more vulnerable should ensure that the scheme is residents, including older and disabled designed to be tenure blind. This must people. include giving residents of affordable homes equal access to local facilities, Applicants should consider the amenities and infrastructure. implications on the design of buildings for different housing types. Such WHY? considerations include: Bradford has a large proportion of old “ME AND MY NEIGHBOURS • Older people’s housing : this works well homes, including many built before 1919. ARE ALL GETTING OLDER when it is low-rise, with front doors With 124,000 people under the age of AND WE’RE NOT THAT facing around a communal area which 16, it is the youngest city in the country, MOBILE, BUT WE LOOK OUT includes gardens and parking. The and it also has an increasing ageing FOR EACH OTHER” case study of Canary Dri ve on page population. Many of its accessible 77 is an example of older peopl e’s homes are adapted from old stock, and housing. do not meet current standards. • %ORFNVRI̩DWV : here residents need To meet these needs, Bradford requires FOHDUGHͤQLWLRQRISULYDWHVSDFHLQ new housing types and appropriate terms of layout, views out and sound mixes that are well-designed and of high separation. Communal entrances quality, and which provide aspirational and shared gardens or courtyards and interesting places to live. should be generous, to help to provide

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 75 2.12

TOPOGRAPHY AND GROUND CONDITIONS

PRINCIPLE 2.12 On sloping ground, scheme layouts often work best when set out along For sites with varying topography, the contours of the site. The location development proposals must work with of open spaces and the orientation of the natural slopes as much as possible streets should be considered as a way of to take advantage of the site’s unique opening up long-distance views across characteristics (which will become a the valley. part of the development’s identity) and minimise the cost of groundworks. There are precedents for building footprints to be stepped along the street Bradford District’s natural topography is frontage, or for homes to be designed a distinctive characteristic of the region, with split levels, with access points from so working with the natural topography in different sides of the building (see case the design process creates opportunities study opposite). In such cases it may be for opening up views, integrating parking, possible to give living rooms additional designing interesting house types, and ͥRRUWRFHLOLQJKHLJKWV providing good access to natural light. )RUͥDWVDQGDSDUWPHQWEXLOGLQJVLWPD\ This unique topography means that there be possible for parking to be integrated are many challenging ground conditions into a semi-basement accessed from a that are likely to have an impact on the lower level than the entrance lobby. potential of any new development. As set out in Topic 1.2, the condition of the Topography and ground conditions will have been reviewed at the site analysis stage, so the extent of constraints and costs will have been accounted for. The issues include: • Gradient • Land use history • Land quality (including contamination) • Geology • Mining history of the area • Ground stability The issues of mining, ground stability and contamination will have the greatest impact on the viability and deliverability of a scheme, so they must be given priority for detailed analysis before design of the development gets underway.

The required extent (and cost) of any Top: The roofline and built form of a row of terraced houses mirrors the slope. (Stanley Street, Bingley). Bottom: Terraced homes step down the street to FXWDQGͤOOLVDOVRLPSRUWDQWWRHVWDEOLVK accommodate the gradient. HDUO\LQWKHSURMHFW 76 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.12 TOPOGRAPHY & GROUND CONDITIONS

PRIORITY

CLUSIV TINCTIV N E IS E I D

LOPES FICIEN S EF T

While accessibility can be a challenge WHY? on hilly sites, homes designed to be Designing new homes to work with adaptable and/or accessible (Building the existing topography as much as Regulations Part M, M4 (2) and (3) unit possible helps to minimise the cost of PRINCIPLE 2.12 W\SHV VKRXOGEHORFDWHGRQͥDWWHU groundworks, and it will help to deliver For sites with varying areas of the site, where residents can this guide’s Priority 5 and 6, creating topography, development easily access local amenities and public distinctive identity in neighbourhoods proposals must work WUDQVSRUWZLWKRXWHQFRXQWHULQJGLͦFXOW and opening up views. with the natural slopes as gradients. Places to rest should be much as possible to take provided along steeper pedestrian routes advantage of the site’s (see Topic 2.17, Making inclusive places). unique characteristics (which will become a part Case study: Canary Drive, Gilstead of the development’s identity) and minimise This 36-unit development for older people the cost of groundworks. was designed to meet the Lifetime Homes criteria. It was important that all homes had level access, which was provided on the sloping site using an over-and-under DUUDQJHPHQW+HUHWKHWRSͥDWLVDFFHVVHG from a street on a higher level, and the ERWWRPͥDWIURPDORZHUOHYHO POLICIES / REFS The homes were arranged around two Local Plan: DS1, DS2, DS3 mews courts to enhance opportunities for Building for Life: Q5, Q6, LQWHUDFWLRQDQGWRPD[LPLVHWKHEHQHͤWRI Q9 light and heat from the southerly aspect. CIRA: A guide to small EURZQͤHOGVLWHVDQGODQG contamination (RR15)

“MUM DOESN’T LIKE US SKATING DOWN THE HILL, BUT WE CAN GO REALLY FAST!”

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 77 2.13

ROOFS AND BUILDING FORMS

PRINCIPLE 2.13 As Bradford is known for its varying topography, consideration should be Proposals must demonstrate how the given to the overall appearance of roofs building and roof form have responded when seen from afar, particularly when to the local character and context of the houses are positioned along a slope or site, and how they work with each other in over undulating ground. Depending on the new development. the pitch, scale and orientation of roofs, The physical form of new buildings they can become a prominent visual contributes greatly to a neighbourhood’s feature of a new neighbourhood for identity and character. By applying an people moving around the streets and understanding of local roof forms, a surrounding area. new development can relate easily and The design of roofs and buildings need positively to its surrounding context to not to be complicated. The repetition of reinforce the distinctive local character. simple forms can be successful. Important aspects to consider are: • roof type, scale and pitch • orientation relative to the street or main frontage • building scale and proportions • SURMHFWLQJHOHPHQWVVXFKDV dormer windows, bays, porches and chimneys. Among the most common building types in Bradford are terraced housing and large mill buildings, often located next to each other. This sets a precedent for considering the building form for large EORFNVRIͥDWVDQGFOXVWHUVRIKRXVHV This does not mean that roof and building forms should be copied or replicated from these historic precedents in all cases. Some sites will suit a similar form DQGOD\RXWZKLOHRWKHUVZLOOEHQHͤWIURP Repeated roof forms in Apperley Green give the development character and an interesting a different arrangement. frontage to the Leeds Liverpool Canal Homes in Bradford should be designed to give human scale. For larger buildings, VXFKDVEORFNVRIͥDWVRUPDLVRQHWWHV this can sometimes be done by ensuring that the building form is well- proportioned and the elevation is broken down, especially at ground level.

78 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.13 ROOFS AND BUILDING FORMS

PRIORITY

TINCTIV LOPES IS E S D

Case study: Lister Mill, Bradford Contemporary curving pods on top of Lister Mill provide an unusual,human-scale response to the geometric, formal and large-scale original mill building. PRINCIPLE 2.13 Proposals must demonstrate how the building and roof form have responded to the local character and context of the site, and how they work with each other in the new development.

POLICIES / REFS

Local Plan: DS3 NPPF: paragraph 127 Case study: Chain Street, Bradford The new homes in the Chain Street development, facing older buildings, are sensitively GHVLJQHGXVLQJDVLPLODUVWRQHIRUWKHJURXQGͥRRUHOHYDWLRQDQGDVHULHVRIJDEOHHQGV under pitched roofs with gable ends that create a regular rhythm along the street.

“THE HOUSES REMIND ME OF SOME OF THE TRADITIONAL BUILDINGS ROUND HERE”

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 79 St Paul’s Road, Manningham - a key building provides the view at the end of the road

80 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.14 2.14 KEY BUILDINGS AND CORNERS

PRIORITY

EALTHY TINCTIV H IS E KEY BUILDINGS AND CORNERS D

SLOPES

PRINCIPLE 2.14 $OWKRXJKNH\EXLOGLQJVDUHLGHQWLͤHG here for their location, rather than their Development proposals should use use, these landmark buildings will be particular buildings as focal points within well suited for non-residential uses, PRINCIPLE 2.14 a neighbourhood, located on key corners, such as community halls, or alternative Development proposals facing on to an open space, or at the end UHVLGHQWLDOW\SHVVXFKDVDEORFNRIͥDWV of a view corridor. should use particular in an area dominated by houses. buildings as focal points All corner building plots should provide Vistas along streets should be within a neighbourhood, continued frontage to the street edge. terminated positively by buildings or a located on key corners, long view, eg. of countryside beyond, facing on to an open KEY BUILDINGS and not by parking spaces, garages or space, or at the end of a garden fences. view corridor. Key buildings should help with ZD\ͤQGLQJDQGVKRXOGFRQWULEXWH All corner building plots to creating a positive and distinctive CORNERS should provide continued character, drawn from an understanding Building layout, elevation and use must frontage to the street of the surrounding context. be carefully considered on the corners of edge. streets. Traditional terrace housing often 7KHLUORFDWLRQVKRXOGEHLGHQWLͤHGGXULQJ the masterplan design process as they has blank gable ends facing a street, but are important in creating an interesting a development is likely to work better POLICIES / REFS and characterful place that people can if the building is designed to turn the navigate with ease. Supported by a corner and maintain its frontage. Local Plan: DS4 well-connected street network, such This can be done in the following ways: NPPF: paragraphs 127, buildings will be positioned in visually 185, and 194 VSHFLͤFKRXVHW\SHVWKDWKDYHDGXDO prominent locations, be distinct from • frontage and create a private back other buildings nearby, and help to garden in an innovative way (see the GHͤQHVWUHHWVDQGVSDFHV multi-generation housing case study This may be achieved by: on page 96). • additional height • XVLQJͥDWVWRWXUQWKHFRUQHU7KLVFDQ • additional volume (a larger home, for help to make a gateway into the street, example) provide dual frontages, give variety to the street-scene, and provide a “THERE’S A TALL BUILDING • different materials dwelling type that does not require a NEXT TO THE PARK. WHEN • a varied approach to the architectural EDFNJDUGHQ ZKLFKLVRIWHQGLͦFXOW I SEE THE TABLES AND detail, such as the form of the roof, or to achieve on a corner plot), with CHAIRS ON THE BALCONIES the design of the entrance or windows. balconies being provided instead. I KNOW WE’RE NEARLY Depending on the prominence of the key THERE” building, it may achieve one, two, three or all of these means of differentiation. In any case, these design features should be meaningful and related to the building or masterplan concept rather than being an arbitrary way of creating difference.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 81 2.15

PARKING

PRINCIPLE 2.15 What Core strategy Other key requirements as requirements part of this SPD Provide cycle and car parking that is safe and functional, and that neither Car parking: 1.5 spaces per dwelling To be designed using the constrains pedestrian movement nor Non city/ average guidance set out in this dominates the street scene. town centre section Parking must be successfully integrated Car parking: Assessed based on To be designed using the within the dwelling curtilage and/or the city/town proximity to public guidance set out in this public realm, adhering to the technical centre transport and local section amenities and housing requirements set out in the Bradford mix (Council seeking to Street Design Guide . minimise the number of spaces provided on site) The table opposite provides a summary of the different types of parking required Disabled car No requirements Spaces should be located for new homes and neighbourhood parking next to the associated dwelling, with clear, direct and schemes, based on the Core Strategy step-free route between car requirements and additional guidelines in and front door this section. This principle must be read Electric Encourages the use of 1 charging point per unit LQFRQMXQFWLRQZLWKWKH Bradford Street alternative fuels e.g. (dwelling with dedicated Design Guide , which provides additional electric vehicle (EV) parking) or 1 charging point technical requirements. charging points (Policy per 10 spaces (unallocated TR1) parking) CAR PARKING Car club Support for alternative Medium-large sized ‘It is important that parking is located models of vehicle developments should identify ownership to improve appropriate locations for car within new developments so that it environmental impact club vehicles that are easy supports the overall quality of the area and (Policy TR5) and safe to access does not detract away from the character Cycle 1 secure stand per unit for To de designed using and quality of street scenes.’ Para 5.2.27 long-stay parking. 1 stand standards set out on in this of the Core Strategy. per unit for short-stay section While Bradford District’s wider strategy DLPVWRLQͥXHQFHDVKLIWWRZDUGV Table to summarise parking that must be provided for all new homes and neighbourhood schemes sustainable travel modes (refer Topic 1.5 Prioritising the environment), providing adequate parking is essential for all developments. When parking is integrated, well-designed, and provided in the right locations, cars are less likely to be parked inappropriately, which improves the quality of the street scene and minimises resident stress and tensions between neighbours. It also allows footpaths to be used safely and easily by pedestrians, wheelchair users, people with visual impairments, and parents with buggies. Longcross North, Chertsey. Integral garage with parking in front of house is softened by landscaping. 82 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.15 Case study: The Acres, Addingham A variety of parking types are used together along the same street including under-croft, PARKING side of house, and garages, with some low-level planting in-between which prevents the street from being dominated by the appearance of parked cars.

PRIORITY

GREEN CLUSIV IN E

EALTHY FICIEN H EF T

PRINCIPLE 2.15 Provide cycle and car parking that is safe and functional, and that neither constrains pedestrian movement HOW TO INTEGRATE HIGH-QUALITY CAR nor dominates the street present it appears as an attractive scene. PARKING outdoor space Parking must be Streets across the District are known • providing for a higher percentage of successfully integrated to be dominated by the appearance of unallocated parking to accommodate within the dwelling parked cars. This creates unattractive visitors as well as for residents who curtilage and/or the environments and discourages active public realm, adhering may own an additional vehicle, while to the technical movement, impacting on the health and others may own less requirements set out in wellbeing of residents. To ensure that • avoid locating parking spaces and the Bradford Street Design new developments do not produce the garages in prominent locations Guide . same outcomes, the following must such as street corners or where they be considered in order to successfully terminate vistas down streets POLICIES / REFS integrate parking: As the future of transport is continuously Core Strategy: DS4, TR1, • use of an appropriate variety of evolving, designing parking areas to be TR2, TR3, TR5, Appendix 4 parking types (see ‘Car parking types’ DWWUDFWLYHDQGͥH[LEOHZLOOHQVXUHWKHLU AAP: City Centre - M1, M3 below) to prevent a monotonous look ability to adapt and to serve resident’s SCRC - ST5, ST7 and feel of the street scene (this has needs. Bradford Street Design also proved to increase capacity) Guide SPD • well-overlooked with active CAR PARKING TYPES Car parking: What works JURXQGͥRRUIURQWDJHDQGQDWXUDO Parking types vary from on-plot, to off- where surveillance, e.g. from large windows plot and on-street. Each tends to be more NPPF: paragraphs 102, and balconies placed above ground suited to particular building types, street 104, 110,, and127 level, particularly when using integral types and topographical conditions. For parking or narrow house types example: • use of trees and planting to soften “ONE THING THAT DRIVES the effect of parked cars against hard • Detached/semi-detached: ‘tandem’ car parking to the side of dwellings; ME MAD IS PEOPLE surface materials, particularly within PARKING ON PAVEMENTS. the street to create an inviting and • Narrow terraced houses: on plot, in IT DOESN’T HAPPEN TOO attractive environment despite the front of the house, carefully designed MUCH HERE” presence of parked cars with planting and bin stores; • limiting the use of tarmac and white • Apartment/city living schemes: lines for parking areas to avoid a basement or under a podium deck typical ‘highways’ appearance; (although blank edges on the street permeable solutions are encouraged must be avoided) WRSUHYHQWSRROLQJDQGͥRRGLQJ • Sloping site: semi-basement parking • designing parking to be part of a could minimise excavation. public space, so when cars are not

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 83 Front courtyard parking has been integrated into a well-overlooked green open space, with hedging sheltering the cars from the view of passers-by.

A well-lit internal communal bike store provides ample bicycle storage for residents of this apartment building. Spaces for a mix of bike types, including children’s bikes and cargo bikes and the open plan layout makes this future proof and it is also a place for social interaction with neighbours.

84 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.15 PARKING STRATEGY

CYCLE PARKING PUBLIC AREAS Further technical Homes and neighbourhoods should be Within public areas, cycle stands should guidance on parking designed to encourage cycling by people be located at or nearby key amenities, design can be found of all ages and abilities. Well-located including non-residential uses, e.g. within the Bradford cycle parking facilities must therefore schools and shops, and public open Street Design Guide form part of the overall parking strategy, spaces, e.g. village squares or parks. SPD. to reinforce the idea of cycling as a Public cycle stands should be sturdy, convenient, attractive and sustainable highly visible, well-maintained, and means of transport. under cover where they may be used for longer periods. They must not All homes within Bradford District are obstruct pedestrian routes and where required to provide secure cycle storage, cycle stands are located on the footway, as set out in the Core Strategy and the the use of textured surfaces, such as table on page 82. Family homes will be granite setts, should be provided to warn expected to provide the opportunity for visually impaired people. additional cycle storage space, e.g. free- standing sheds, if not designed as part of As public realm furniture, cycle an integrated solution. stands have the opportunity to provide interesting features within the For houses with garages, these must streetscape. They can help to reinforce EHGHVLJQHGWRDVXͦFLHQWZLGWK LH character or become functional public 4.5m for a single garage) if intended to art. accommodate cycles, parked cars and access to both. For other house types, WHY? secure cycle storage can be provided within the dwelling’s curtilage, ideally 3DUNLQJFDQKDYHDVLJQLͤFDQWLPSDFW close to the front door, avoiding the need on a street and neighbourhood. When to bring cycles through the house. (Also designed without considering simple refer 3.3 Storage) functionality and the combined appearance, results can be negative. Where this is not possible (e.g. for However, when parking is integrated terraced houses), cycle parking should be within the overall public realm strategy, provided nearby on the street in a secure a cohesive, yet functional and attractive lockable enclosure under cover and in an environment can be created for all, overlooked and well-lit location. whether travelling by car, cycle or foot. APARTMENTS Long-stay secure cycle parking should be provided for apartments indoors and within convenient access of the entrance lobby. Stands should be provided to ensure cycles can be stored and accessed safely and easily. Short-stay cycle parking should be covered, well-lit, and in areas with high visibility and footfall, for example near the building entrance.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 85 2.16

WASTE

PRINCIPLE 2.16 All standards in Building Regulations, Part H, must be met and should be Proposals should provide solutions referred to for further information. where household waste is stored neatly and safely in a location that is easy to use Waste solutions should be considered and easy to collect from. Such storage alongside the technical street design should improve rather than detract from requirements, as set out in the Bradford the streetscape, complementing the street design manual. The street layout style and character of the building and must be able to accommodate waste landscape. collection vehicles, allowing them to pass through and stop outside dwellings. As set out in Bradford’s waste and Well-connected streets with direct lines recycling policy, each household should of travel are preferred (see Topic 2.3, have two 240-litre bins, one for general Movement). waste and one for recycling. There is also an option for households to have a third 240-litre bin for garden waste. Bins stores should be All proposals should have a clear designed to keep bins neat, strategy for integrating three 240-litre off the street and be easy bins per household in a location that is to access for collection purposes directly accessible from the street. Bins must not be allowed to dominate or clutter streets. Instead integrated, functional and attractive solutions must be designed for front gardens of houses, or communal stores for apartment blocks. For larger residential developments and blocks, the potential for recycling within the development must be examined and innovative solutions should be proposed to help residents reduce their waste. All bin stores, whether internal or external, should be designed so that they support an attractive street scene, and are safe and easy to use. They must be well-overlooked, well-ventilated, well- lit, convenient to access, and in close proximity to the homes they serve. Bin stores located at the rear of properties with pathways to the street VKRXOGEHDYRLGHGDVWKH\FDQEHGLͦFXOW to access and use.

86 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.16 WASTE STRATEGY

PRIORITY REEN FICIEN G EF T

CLUSIV TINCTIV N E IS E I D

COMMUNAL WASTE STORAGE FOR The bins used for communal waste BLOCKS OF FLATS storage should be 1,100-litre containers For buildings of multiple storeys, which are compatible with the district’s communal waste and recycling stores collection service. Communal bin rooms PRINCIPLE 2.16 should be provided that meet the or enclosures, and their access points, Proposals should requirements set out in the Building should be of an adequate size to ensure provide solutions where Regulations, Part H. They should be that the layout and movement of these household waste is accessible to all residents, including bins are easy and straightforward. stored neatly and safely children and wheelchair users, and be in a location that is located on a hard, level surface. WHY? easy to use and easy They should be located within buildings Bradford Council is committed to to collect from. Such to limit the nuisance caused by noise reducing the amount of waste created storage should improve and smells, and should be easy to clean by residents and supporting the effective rather than detract and access for refuse and recycling recycling of waste, where possible. from the streetscape, collection teams. complementing the style Many of Bradford’s streets are cluttered and character of the The Council expects the capacity of the with bins, detracting from the success building and landscape. communal stores to be based on 110 and amenity of these parts of the litres of refuse per household, per week, public realm. By ensuring that all new and 110 litres of recycling per household, developments have a clear strategy for POLICIES / REFS per week. the storage of waste, Bradford’s streets Core Strategy: WM1, H09, will become easier to navigate, and more DS5 pleasant to live on and move through. AAP: (Shipley) SCRC/SE8 Bradford - Waste Management DPD Case study: Bin stores  





 





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2.17

MAKING INCLUSIVE PLACES

PRINCIPLE 2.17 on providing facilities that will be particularly appealing and interactive All homes and neighbourhoods must for less able residents. be designed to be inclusive and The provision of regular resting accessible for all. They must allow all • places on main walking routes of their residents to participate equally, in neighbourhoods. Frail, older FRQ̨GHQWO\DQGLQGHSHQGHQWO\LQ everyday activities. SHRSOHDQGWKRVHZKRͤQGZDONLQJ challenging rely on benches to rest All of the principles in this design and places to pause when travelling guide are aimed at creating inclusive from their homes to their various homes and neighbourhoods. This page destinations. Benches should be summarises the key strategic design in well-overlooked locations and guidance, with a particular focus on the they should be designed into the public realm. More detailed guidance on streetscape so that they do not the internal layout of homes is provided constitute clutter, or diminish in Topic 3.2. movement or accessibility. Ten per cent of proposed homes should • Accessible homes, or homes meeting be designed to meet the standards of the Building Regulations M4(3) Building Regulations M4(3): Category 3, standards, should be located on Wheelchair user dwellings. streets for optimum physical and social accessibility. The homes must The remaining 90 per cent should be give residents easy access from the designed to meet the standards of home to the street and provide the Building Regulations M4(2): Category 2, opportunity for overlooking and visual Accessible and adaptable dwellings. It is interaction with street life. Meeting acknowledged that it is not always viable neighbours and feeling included in the to achieve level access to all homes, so local community is an important part in this case all elements of Category 2 of life for those who are less able. should be achieved except that one. The following list sets out key features of proposed layouts that the Council will be looking to identify: • Clear, direct, level and clutter-free pavements and paths. An effective and robust strategy for parking and bins will be sought to ensure that parked cars and bins do not disrupt a scheme once it is built and inhabited. • The provision of allocated disabled parking directly outside any accessible homes, giving residents easy access to mobility, and movement to and from the home. • Level access to all open space Street furniture clutter should be avoided and play facilities, with a focus 88 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 2.17 MAKING INCLUSIVE PLACES

PRIORITY

CHOICE CLUSIV IN E

ALTH OCES HE Y PR S

• The design process should include WHY? collaboration with older or disabled Our guidance on this design topic has people where possible, and preferably been put together in collaboration with with those who may live in the an Older and Disabled People’s Group PRINCIPLE 2.17 proposed development. Focused (see introduction to the guide). The All homes and engagement will ensure that all the guidance targets issues that this less neighbourhoods QHHGVRIWKHVHXVHUVZLOOEHLGHQWLͤHG able and more vulnerable group of people must be designed and designed for. The earlier in the experience daily, to ensure that the to be inclusive and design process this happens, the quality of their lives is as good as that of accessible for all. They better the outcome is likely to be. more able residents in Bradford. must allow all of their • M4(3) homes must be equal in design This is a key area that the Council is residents to participate TXDOLW\VWDQGDUGVDQGͤQLVKWRWKH determined to target as part of new HTXDOO\FRQ̨GHQWO\ rest of the development. housing development in the district. and independently in everyday activities.

POLICIES / REFS Case study: Banbury Place, Andover This eight-unit development in Andover, developed by the Enham Trust, was located and Local Plan: DS5, H09 designed to give choice and independence to disabled people. Centrally located to Andover Building Regulations town centre for easy access to employment, transport and recreation facilities, it is designed Part M to integrate with existing neighbouring homes. Its layout is level, secure, well-lit and designed around a single core. The units have large windows to maximise light and views NPPF: paragraph 91 and RXWDQGWKHEXLOGLQJLVRIKLJKTXDOLW\DQGPRGHUQLQͤQLVK7KHVFKHPHZDVZLQQHURIWKH 127 Richard Fielden Award at the 2015 Housing Design Awards.

“AS A WHEELCHAIR USER I DON’T EXPECT TO HAVE TO SLALOM AROUND WHEELIE BINS EVERY TIME I TRY TO GET ALONG THE PAVEMENT”

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 89 When integrated in the initial design, photovoltaic panels can be designed to appear as part of the overall design and not an ‘add-on’ (Topics 3.7 & 3.9)

Large windows in the master bedroom allow lots of access to natural light and views into the private back garden (Topic 3.4)

One large family bathroom also serves as the master bedroom en- suite through the use of a cavity sliding door between bed and bathroom (Topic 3.2) A cluster of integrated storage FUHDWHVDQHͦFLHQW A high horizontal window use of space by allows light and ventilation including built-in as well as privacy within the wardrobes, a desk, bathroom (Topics 3.4 & 3.6) and hallway storage (or hot water An outdoor shed within cupboard), as well the backyard provides as acoustic privacy essential storage for between rooms A tree in the backyard outdoor equipment (Topics 3.2, 3.3, 3.6 creates some privacy (Topic 3.3) & 3.8) from neighbouring houses (Topic 3.6) A mix of hard and soft surfaces in Cavity sliding doors private outdoor between the kitchen and space increases dining/living area creates usability (Topic 3.5) WKHͥH[LELOLW\WRSURYLGH privacy at different times Full height windows and (Topics 3.2 & 3.6) doors provide access to natural light and allow An area of built-in private open space to feel a storage includes part of the overall living area a coat cupboard (Topics 3.2, 3.4 & 3.5) at the entrance and cupboards Open plan living areas create within the kitchen ͥH[LEOHVSDFHDQGHQDEOHVQDWXUDO (Topics 3.2 & 3.3) light to penetrate further into the plan of the house (Topics 3.2 & 3.4) Details can accentuate A built-in desk and the front door Built-in storage for waste storage utilises the making the bins and bicycles keep these space underneath entrance clear items tidy and secure, and the stairs (Topics and visible from allows for convenient access 3.2 & 3.3) the street, whilst when located near the street adding depth (Topics 2.16, 3.3 & 3.5) to the elevation (Topics 3.7 & 3.8) Planting along the front of the curtilage boundary provides a layer of screening to create a sense of privacy for residents (Topics 3.5 & 3.6)

Indicative exploded 3 bed house diagram to illustrate various Section 3.0 design guide topics 3.0 MAKING A HOME PRIORITY

3.1 FLATS AND APARTMENTS 3.2 INTERNAL LAYOUT 3.3 STORAGE 3.4 LIGHT AND VENTILATION 3.5 OUTDOOR SPACE 3.6 PRIVACY 3.7 ELEVATIONS 3.8 MATERIALS AND DETAILS 3.9 ENERGY EFFICIENT

POLICIES / REFS

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 91 3.1

FLATS AND APARTMENTS

PRINCIPLE 3.1 1. ACCESS AND CIRCULATION The entrance to an apartment building Proposals must demonstrate how access should be prominent and visible from the and circulation, views and aspect, and street, and designed with high-quality shared facilities have been designed to materials. FUHDWHDWWUDFWLYHDQGVHFXUH̩DWVDQG apartment buildings, with access to 2QWKHJURXQGͥRRUWZRVWRUH\ private or communal outdoor space for maisonettes with direct access from all. the street are preferred. This will give bedrooms some privacy from the street. Apartment buildings will range in scale, depending on the site’s context. In some :KHUHVLQJOHVWRUH\ͥDWVDUH cases they will be low, blending in with unavoidable, they must have direct neighbouring housing. In more urban or access from the street and be set back prominent locations there may be the from footways with a buffer (such as opportunity to create landmark buildings planting) and/or private outdoor space with townscape value (see Topic 1.4 to create some sense of privacy. The Making places for people and Topic 2.14 boundary treatment must be carefully Key buildings and corners). considered to balance privacy and the need for natural surveillance and light. Internal layouts should be designed with respect to guidance with Topic 3.2 Long areas of dedicated circulation Internal layout. space should be avoided. The number of front doors accessed by a shared core At the detailed design stage three key PXVWQRWH[FHHGHLJKWGZHOOLQJVSHUͥRRU DUHDVFDQVLJQLͤFDQWO\LPSURYHWKH per core, to provide a sense of ownership, quality of living in these higher-density privacy and security. All circulation space environments. They are: should be well lit, with natural light where 1. Access and circulation possible, and all front doors must have adequate lighting for visibility and safety. 2. Views and aspect Integrated planting and seating areas 3. Communal facilities can help to soften circulation, and Guidance on these areas is set out on the other communal areas, and make them following pages. more inviting to spend time in and meet neighbours at. The management and maintenance of communal areas is important. Applicants 2. VIEWS AND ASPECT will be required to ensure that this will be set up as part of a detailed planning 7KHRULHQWDWLRQRIͥDWVDQGDSDUWPHQW application. buildings will have an impact on an individual home’s access to light and views. North-facing balconies and single-aspect units should be avoided (see Topic 3.4 Light and ventilation). Apartment buildings should be designed WREHQHͤWIURPDWWUDFWLYHYLHZVWR surrounding areas.

92 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.1 FLATS AND Case study: Albany Street, Camden, London APARTMENT )ODWVGHVLJQHGWRͤWLQZLWKWKH&RQVHUYDWLRQ$UHDRSSRVLWHZLWKDSURPLQHQWIURQWGRRU BUILDINGS maisonettes at ground level, balconies, improvements to the public realm, cycle parking, dual aspect units and views out to the street or open space behind.

PRIORITY

HOICE TINCTIV C IS E D

LOPES FICIEN S EF T

PRINCIPLE 3.1 Proposals must demonstrate how access and circulation, views and aspect, and shared facilities have been designed to create 3. COMMUNAL FACILITIES attractive and secure When converting these buildings, the ̩DWVDQGDSDUWPHQW Communal facilities, including a shared guidance within this document must buildings, with access garden or courtyard, and storage for still be met, but providing private or to private or communal bikes and bins, should be provided in all communal outdoor space may be more outdoor space for all. EORFNVRIͥDWV VHH7RSLF3DUNLQJ GLͦFXOWGXHWRWKHUHVWULFWLRQVRIWKH and Topic 3.5 Outdoor space). existing building envelope. This can be a particular challenge for heritage When designed and maintained to be buildings, where interventions can be attractive spaces, they can facilitate costly. Communal roof terraces and social interaction and a sense of shared gardens must be provided where POLICIES / REFS community. possible and viable. Communal open space should be Local Plan: HO9, DS3 If it is not possible to provide outdoor provided in a central area or on the NPPF: paragraph 127 space (balconies or terraces) , this must roof, giving residents access to views EHMXVWLͤHG)RUH[DPSOHDSDUWPHQWV otherwise unseen. PXVWGHPRQVWUDWHJHQHURXVDQGͥH[LEOH Other communal amenities may include living spaces (see Topic 3.2 Internal laundry facilities and drying space layout), with plenty of natural light shared among a limited number of available to all habitable rooms (see units; indoor activity rooms, such as for Topic 3.4 Light and ventilation). games, watching movies, or hobbies; Effort should also be made to integrate or a large kitchen and dining area in landscape and promote biodiversity which residents can host larger social LQFRQYHUVLRQSURMHFWVVXFKDVDWWKH “THE LOBBY IS WHERE JDWKHULQJVWKDQWKHLUͥDWVRUDSDUWPHQWV entrance, within circulation areas, or as I’M MOST LIKELY TO MEET can accommodate. part of an elevation treatment. As for all MY NEIGHBOURS, SO I’M homes and neighbourhoods, exposure to HAPPY TO HELP LOOK CONVERSION OF BUILDINGS TO FLATS nature contributes to positive well-being. AFTER THE PLANTS” In a district such as this, with a VLJQLͤFDQWDPRXQWRIEXLOWKHULWDJHWKHUH Special features of heritage buildings will be opportunities to convert existing should be retained and celebrated within EXLOGLQJVLQWRͥDWVZKHUHSROLF\DOORZV conversions so that the building’s former This includes the district’s former mill use is evident. This may include retaining buildings, as well as buildings formerly IHDWXUHVVXFKDVXSSHUͥRRUORDGLQJ used for commercial activities or other doors or ensuring that original internal purposes. MRLQHU\LVUHWDLQHGDQGUHIXUELVKHG

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 93 3.2

INTERNAL LAYOUT

PRINCIPLE 3.2 1. FUNCTIONALITY Designing a home that is functional and Internal layouts must meet Nationally easy to live in relies on an understanding Described Space Standards and of where to position rooms in relation to demonstrate: each other, to daylight and sunlight, and 1. Functionality to public and private frontages. 2. Adaptability The size of living areas must relate to the 3. Safety and security number of bedspaces within a home, and detailed plans should demonstrate that 4. Liveability there is enough space for all inhabitants to socialise. For example, the number The Nationally Described Space Standards of bedspaces should be matched by (NDSS) provide best practice guidance the number of chairs shown around the RQJURVVLQWHUQDOͥRRUDUHDVEDVHGRQ dining table. the number of bedrooms and bedspaces. All new homes in Bradford should comply Typical internal layouts that include with this. furniture plans must be provided as part of a planning application to show that The Building Regulations Approved they will work. Document M ‘Access to and use of buildings’ also sets out standard Functionality can also be ensured by: dimensions required for accessible and • Detailed layouts and sections that adaptable dwellings (M4(2) Category 2) demonstrate that doors, windows, and wheelchair user dwellings (M4(3) built-in furniture (including storage) Category 3). New schemes should and controls (such as light switches provide 10 per cent M4(3) dwellings and and plug sockets) will be positioned 90 per cent M4(2), see Topic 2.17 Making to be easily usable by everyone (see inclusive places. M4(2) and M4(3) guidance). • Windows being located so that they allow adequate light and ventilation into rooms, minimising the possibility 'H̨QLWLRQV of moisture build-up, particularly in kitchens, bathrooms and laundry Internal layout How rooms, furniture, areas (see Topic 3.4, Light and windows, entrances and spaces are ventilation). placed in relation to each other. • Taking advantage of areas typically Habitable room Any room used or under-used, such as the space under intended for sleeping, cooking, living stairs or on landings, where a study or eating purposes. Enclosed spaces area, storage or shelving could be such as bath or toilet facilities, provided. service rooms, corridors, laundries, The use of screens or sliding doors to hallways, utility rooms or similar • PD[LPLVHWKHXVDEOHͥRRUDUHDRID spaces are excluded from this. room.

94 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.2 INTERNAL LAYOUT

PRIORITY

CHOICE SLOPES

FICIEN EF T

An indicative groundgr ound floor layoutl ay with a large living room for all the PRINCIPLE 3.2 family, opportunity to open up to the kitchen for open plan living in Internal layouts must the future, internal surveillancesurveilla over the street from the kitchen,kitch meet Nationally a place to dry clothes outoutside, Described Space and ample bike and bin storage.stora Standards and demonstrate: 2. ADAPTABILITY 3. SAFETY AND SECURITY 1. Functionality Homes should be able to accommodate Homes and neighbourhoods should be 2. Adaptability the various activities of daily life that designed in ways that will make people 3. Safety and security change when we start a family, get older, feel safe and secure. 4. Liveability or become ill or less mobile. Layouts All apartments and houses should be should be designed to accommodate designed so that: VRPHͥH[LELOLW\WRHQDEOHUHVLGHQWVWR Dwellings that front on to streets have customise their homes if and when • their main entrances on to them. required, allowing them to remain in their homes in the long term. • Habitable rooms, particularly living POLICIES / REFS areas, overlook public places to Multi-generational homes provide the Bradford Core Strategy: provide ‘eyes on the street’. Kitchens opportunity for a part of the home to be HO9, DS5 are commonly located in the ground- split off as a stand-alone unit with its own Nationally Described ͥRRUIURQWDJHDVSHRSOHWHQGWR entrance. This can allow down-sizers, Space Standards move around them more frequently, adult children or elderly family members Building Regulations rather than in living rooms, which are to live independently, yet close by, or it Approved Document M more typically used as spaces for may provide an opportunity to generate relaxation. Householder SPD a rental income (see case study over the Lifetime Homes page). • Entrances to buildings can be seen by passers-by and are well lit. NPPF: paragraph 127 M4(2) guidance for accessible and adaptable dwellings sets out the • Blank façades on to streets are principles and minimum dimensions for avoided as much as possible, “WE NEED A PLACE WITH A creating a home that is capable of later particularly at corners, which should KITCHEN BIG ENOUGH FOR being converted into a wheelchair-user be carefully designed to take account ME AND MY MUM TO COOK dwelling, M4(3). Basic layout diagrams in of their location, as well as privacy TOGETHER” the guidance illustrate the requirements, (see Topic 2.14 Key buildings and including clear access zones in private corners, and Topic 3.7 Elevations). and communal areas, and bathroom A buffer (front gardens and/or arrangements that allow a shower to be • landscaped setbacks) is provided installed in the future. between dwellings and streets Lifetime Homes criteria also provide to create appropriate separation JXLGDQFHRQKRZOLIHF\FOHͥH[LELOLW\FDQ between passersby and private be achieved in internal layouts and can residential space (see Topic 3.6 be referenced in proposals. Privacy).

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 95 Case study: Multi- generational homes, Chobham Manor, Stratford, Ground floor and typical upper floor London plan layout This scheme includes a house designed to be ‘multi- generational’, which consists of a three-storey, three- bed home, with a self-contained studio annexe. Designing a part of the home to be a self-contained VWXGLRͥDWZLWKDVHSDUDWHHQWUDQFHKDVFUHDWHGWKH ͥH[LELOLW\WRDOORZYDULRXVVFHQDULRV)RUH[DPSOHWKH VHOIFRQWDLQHGͥDWFRXOGEHXVHGIRU • a grandparent • a returning child • DKRPHRͦFH The house type also provides an active frontage around the corner of the street and an interesting elevation and roof line mix along the street edge.

96 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.2 INTERNAL LAYOUT

4. LIVEABILITY WHY? As people are likely to engage in different With a large stock of older housing, activities in their home at the same time designed for needs of a different time, the as those they live with, providing acoustic Council has an ambition to ensure that privacy through adequate insulation new homes provide better options for the and careful detailing is vital to create a district’s residents. comfortable environment for everyone. Our homes are important places for Places for study, quiet and relaxation VKHOWHUUHVWDQGUHMXYHQDWLRQ3HRSOH are as important as those for cooking, want to feel happy going home, and play and watching television, and should relaxed when they are there. be treated as such. Homes with three Careless and poor design of internal or more bedrooms should have two layouts can easily lead to homes to separate living rooms (such as a living becoming stressful places, which can room and a kitchen/dining room) to affect mental health and well-being. For make the home easier to live in and able H[DPSOHQRWEHLQJDEOHWRͤQGDTXLHW to accommodate a greater number of place to study and do homework will residents. have a detrimental impact on a child’s Well-sized, open-plan layouts are an academic progress. DFFHSWDEOHZD\WRIDFLOLWDWHWKHͥH[LEOH All homes must therefore be designed to use of space in the home. For example, be easy to live in, highly functional, and combining the living, kitchen and dining HͦFLHQWWRPDLQWDLQIURPWKHPRPHQW areas into an open-plan arrangement can the occupants move in. In this way help to accommodate multiple activities DSSOLFDQWVFDQIHHOFRQͤGHQWWKDWWKH\ in the same space without overcrowding. are creating places where residents will Creating one large area, with greater be able to thrive in their daily lives. exposure to natural light, allows residents to socialise more easily, compared to having multiple smaller rooms for separate uses. Internal layouts should be designed so that all habitable rooms have a pleasant outlook, with views to nature where possible. By achieving this and providing convenient access to high-quality outdoor space, homes will have a positive impact on mental well-being. This is particularly important for residents with impaired physical abilities, who are likely to spend more time in their homes. (See also Topic 3.5 Outdoor space, and Topic 3.4 Light and ventilation).

.KVVNG-GNJCO5JGHƒGNF#PQRGPRNCPHNCVDGPGƒVUHTQOFKTGEVCEEGUUHTQO the kitchen/living room to the balcony, where balcony doors provide plenty of daylight.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 97 Communal and private storage solutions at Marmalade Lane, North Cambridge, are located in the communal garden for safe and secure resident access. 98 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.3 3.3 STORAGE

PRIORITY HOICE FICIEN STORAGE C EF T

PRINCIPLE 3.3

Homes must include integrated internal and external storage for necessary PRINCIPLE 3.3 household items, including a vacuum cleaner, luggage, bicycles and bins. Homes must include integrated internal and The Nationally Described Space Standards external storage for set out minimum requirements for necessary household built-in internal storage according items, including a to the number of bedrooms. These vacuum cleaner, luggage, bicycles and bins. requirements must be followed in Bradford District, and storage depths must be functional so that everyday items can be accessed easily.

INTERNAL STORAGE Careful design can ensure that storage is well integrated into the internal layout of a home. Built-in wardrobes should be included, and innovative solutions such POLICIES / REFS as ways to use the space under the stairs, Core Strategy: HO9 VKRXOGEHLGHQWLͤHG Cornwell Park, Cambridge: Integrated and Nationally Described 2 secure external storage provides space for bins An area of storage space of 1.5m should Space Standards be provided for a two-person dwelling, and a further 0.5m 2 for each additional Building for Life: Q12 Bike stores should be connected to the person. Housing Quality home, secure and easy to access from Indicator: 6 Unit Layout Storage cupboards should be the height the street. of the room and free of house utilities NPPF: paragraph 127 such as the hot water tank, boilers or WHY? washing machines. Integrated internal and external storage makes homes more convenient and “I LOOKED AT THE PLANS EXTERNAL STORAGE HDVLHUWROLYHLQ'HͤQHGDUHDVIRUVWRUDJH AND THOUGHT: WHERE External storage is equally important, provides spaces to put away household AM I SUPPOSED TO particularly for gardening equipment, REMHFWVHQDEOHVUHVLGHQWVWROLYHIUHHRI KEEP TWO BIKES, A PAIR cycles, and waste and recycling bins. clutter and promotes the use of active OF SKIS AND A TON OF For full requirements see Topic 3.5 travel by bike. All these factors will help CAMPING GEAR?” Outdoor space, Topic 2.15 Parking, and Bradfordians lead healthier and happier Topic 2.16 Waste. lives. Waste and recycling bin storage should EHGLVFUHHWGHVLJQHGWRͤWWKHUHTXLUHG number of bins for the area, and located near the street where collections take place.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 99 Varndell Street, London: Private balcony off a dual aspect flat, with 2.5m floor to ceiling heights and large window openings for optimum daylight. 100 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.4 3.4 LIGHT AND VENTILATION

PRIORITY OIC P LIGHT AND VENTILATION CH E SLO ES

FICIEN EF T

PRINCIPLE 3.4 provide for direct sunlight to enter at least one communal habitable room (the Homes should be dual aspect, with living, or kitchen/dining rooms) for part JHQHURXV̩RRUWRFHLOLQJKHLJKWVDQG of the day. Windows should be carefully PRINCIPLE 3.4 designed to optimise natural light inside positioned and sized to enhance natural Homes should be dual the dwelling. Homes must have direct light, but to limit and manage solar heat aspect, with generous sunlight into at least one living, kitchen gain inside the building. It is important ̩RRUWRFHLOLQJKHLJKWV or dining space. to consider the impact of neighbouring and designed to optimise natural light inside the buildings, landscaping and shading dwelling. Homes must DUAL-ASPECT devices on the amount of natural light have direct sunlight New developments should avoid single- that enters the dwelling. These need to be into at least one living, kitchen or dining space. aspect homes that are north-facing, balanced to optimise light and warmth in exposed to sources of noise, or contain the winter and mitigate heat gain in the three or more bedrooms. If single- summer. aspect units are proposed, the applicant In instances where the Council is will need to show how good levels of concerned that good levels of natural ventilation, natural light and privacy will light may not be achieved applicants will be provided in each habitable room. be required to submit further evidence to This will provide a choice of views and MXVWLI\WKHLUSURSRVDO̵ POLICIES / REFS W\SHVRIVSDFHVJUHDWHUͥH[LELOLW\LQ :LQGRZVVKRXOGEHFDUHIXOO\VSHFLͤHG the use of rooms, cross-ventilation, and and detailed, meeting and preferably Core Strategy: CS2, HO9 better natural light inside the homes. exceeding Building Regulations and NPPF: paragraph 127 British Standards to minimise heat loss 'H̨QLWLRQ and optimise solar gain. Dual aspect An apartment with WHY? opening windows on two external A key part of providing high-quality walls, on different sides of the homes in Bradford District is to ensure dwelling. that they are well ventilated, exposed FLOOR-TO-CEILING HEIGHTS to high levels of natural light, and have a sense of space and outlook. These Applicants should provide a minimum IDFWRUVDOORIZKLFKLQͥXHQFHUHVLGHQWV̵ “DO YOU KNOW WHAT RIPEHWZHHQWKHͤQLVKHGͥRRUOHYHO physical and mental well-being, were MAKES ME HAPPY? DQGWKHͤQLVKHGFHLOLQJOHYHO7KLVKHLJKW important challenges that the Older and LIVING SOMEWHERE will give a decent sense of space and Disabled People’s Group reported having WITH BIG WINDOWS AND adequate natural light and ventilation to deal with. LOTS OF LIGHT” in the home. In the case of renovating existing buildings, lower ceiling heights Maximising natural daylight in the may be permitted, provided that layouts home can also minimise the need for are spacious and well-designed. DUWLͤFLDOOLJKWLQJGXULQJGD\OLJKWKRXUV This reduces energy consumption and NATURAL LIGHT adheres to Part D of Bradford’s Strategic Core Policy SC2 on Climate Change and Glazing to all habitable rooms should not Resource Use. be less than 20 per cent of the internal ͥRRUDUHDRIWKHURRP$OOKRPHVPXVW

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 101 The Malings, Newcastle - outdoor space is provided through terraces, roof gardens and a central communal space

102 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.5 3.5 OUTDOOR SPACE

PRIORITY REEN ALTH OUTDOOR SPACE G HE Y

LOPES FICIEN S EF T PRINCIPLE 3.5 APARTMENTS While apartments have similar All homes must have direct access to requirements for outdoor spaces to private outdoor space. Development houses, cycle and waste storage is often proposals must demonstrate that provided separately in a communal area PRINCIPLE 3.5 outdoor space is sized appropriately, and at ground level. has the potential to introduce planting, All homes must have seating and storage, if these are not For all outdoor space (and with direct access to already part of an integrated design. apartments especially) a sense of private outdoor space. shelter and privacy is a important to Development proposals Development proposals must include their success. For example, protruding must demonstrate that private outdoor spaces (gardens, balconies that are fully glazed or highly outdoor space is sized balconies or terraces) for all homes. transparent are rarely used without appropriately, and has the potential to introduce ,IWKLVLVQRWSRVVLEOHIRUͥDWVDKLJK residents adding a screen. Using inset planting, seating and quality communal garden must be balconies, or railings which are more storage, if these are provided. solid, can help to solve this problem, not already part of an Gardens should receive direct sunlight as can trees and planting, which also integrated design. all year round, for at least part of the SURYLGHPDQ\RWKHUEHQHͤWV day, and be accessed conveniently and directly from the home. WHY? Humans have a fundamental need to be They must be of a usable size, and connected to nature and the outdoors. In POLICIES / REFS detailed plans must be able to DGGLWLRQWRWKHSURYHQEHQHͤWVWRPHQWDO demonstrate that they can accommodate well-being, well-designed, functional Core Strategy: HO9 people (with a suitable number of outdoor space enables internal spaces Building for Life: Q11, Q12 seats, for example) appropriate to the to work at their best without the need to associated number of bedspaces. Housing Quality accommodate what is more naturally Outdoor space must not be dominated by Indicator: 3. Site: Open accommodated outdoors, such as drying furniture, storage or bins, and it should Space laundry or gardening equipment. allow for an uncluttered space to relax NPPF: paragraph 127 DQGHQMR\DYLHZRIQDWXUH

HOUSES Detailed house layout plans should demonstrate that outdoor areas have the “I DON’T GET OUT MUCH space to accommodate: SO IT’S NICE TO HAVE A BALCONY WHERE I CAN playing and socialising • KEEP MY PLANTS AND SIT • drying clothes LOOKING OVER THE CANAL” • cycle storage (see also Topic 3.3 Storage and Topic 2.15 Parking) • waste and recycling storage near the street (see also Topic 2.16 Waste) • general storage for outdoor items and equipment (see also Topic 3.3 Storage) Heald Farm Court, St Helen’s extra care housing • a variety of plants and greening. provides a large communal garden for residents HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 103 3.6

PRIVACY

PRINCIPLE 3.6 unless that distance is indirect or effectively screened. Layouts must ensure that the siting of homes provides adequate privacy. • 10.5 metres from a habitable room Development proposals must also ensure window to a curtilage boundary. that houses do not impact negatively on DESIGNING CREATIVELY existing nearby properties with respect to light, outlook and scale. Achieving typical separation distances The Council’s existing Householder can sometimes be limiting. Particularly supplementary planning document on small and constrained sites, and sites provides guidance on the relationships with varying topography, the need for between houses when considering VSHFLͤFJHRPHWULHV DVVHWRXWLQWKH alterations and extensions. Similar Householder SPD, for example) can be principles can be applied to new housing overcome by considering housing layout layouts, though the Council encourages and building design with more creativity more creative solutions to ensure that and innovation. For example: visual and acoustic privacy, light, and • Houses can be sited obliquely to one outlook can be achieved and maintained another. for everyone. • Windows can be designed more Typical separation distances between VSHFLͤFDOO\WRPDLQWDLQSULYDF\ dwellings for maintaining adequate levels while still letting in light, for example RISULYDF\DQGIRUDOORZLQJͥH[LELOLW\IRU by using vertically-proportioned future extensions and adaptations, are: windows, obscured glazing for non- • 21 metres back-to-back from a habitable rooms, high-level windows, habitable room window to another, SRSRXWZLQGRZV WKDWMXWRXWIURPWKH wall) and roof lights.

Typical approach to addressing neighbouring buildings

To maintain adequate levels of outlook and daylight within habitable rooms, where a dwelling will have habitable room windows facing towards another dwelling, that proposed dwelling(s) should be located so it will not encroach within a 25 degree line drawn from the middle of any window of a habitable room in the relevant wall of the neighbouring dwelling OR where it would maintain a minimum separation of 21 metres to any facing habitable room window. Diagram from The Bradford Householder SPD.

104 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.6 PRIVACY Case study: The Malings, Newcastle This development in Ouseburn creates streets on desire lines down slopes, rather than across them, which creates an interesting street frontage with stepping roofs. Privacy is managed by opening up the urban blocks at an angle, ensuring habitable rooms don’t directly face each other when separation distances are tight and using pop-out angled windows directed out to the neighbouring open space. PRIORITY

EALTHY TINCTIV H IS E D

SLOPES

PRINCIPLE 3.6

Layouts must ensure that the siting of homes provides adequate privacy. Development proposals must also ensure that houses do not impact negatively on existing nearby properties with respect to light, outlook and scale.

POLICIES / REFS

Local Plan: HO9 Householder SPD: Section 2 • Screening can be provided by and creating a character street scene. It NPPF: paragraph 127 outbuildings or vegetation, such as should also be considered that there will planted privacy strips. be different expectations of privacy in different environments, such as a town High-quality and robust materials, • centre and a suburb. insulation and detailing can be used to limit the transmission of Detailed plans and sections will be noise between rooms, neighbouring required to demonstrate this balance, buildings and the outside (see also particularly for sites with varying “IS IT TOO MUCH TO Topic 3.8, Materials and details). topography, and medium- and high- ASK TO HAVE A HOUSE density environments. • Where habitable rooms are located WHERE YOU CAN’T HEAR at the street frontage for natural THE NEIGHBOURS’ WHY? VXUYHLOODQFHLQWHUQDOͥRRUOHYHOVFRXOG CONVERSATION be raised slightly above the level of Privacy is an essential part of feeling THROUGH THE WALLS?” pedestrians (as long as level access safe and secure in our homes. By is provided). Alternatively, setbacks carefully considering the relationship from footways can create buffer zones to neighbouring buildings, homes will (particularly when planted, as above). be comfortable and the potential for In all cases, a balance must be achieved neighbourly tension will be reduced. between minimising the risk of overlooking,optimising light and outlook

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 105 Varied elevations step down Wells Road, Ilkley

106 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.7 3.7 ELEVATIONS

PRIORITY

HOICE ALTH ELEVATIONS C HE Y

TINCTIV IS E D

PRINCIPLE 3.7

Proposals must demonstrate that elevations have good proportions; a PRINCIPLE 3.7 balance between privacy and optimising internal natural light; a considered level Proposals must demonstrate that of detail; and suitable materials for elevations have good WH[WXUHDQGGHSWK6WUHHWVFDQEHQH̨W proportions; a balance from consistency of some of these between privacy and elements to create a strong identity. optimising internal natural light; a considered level Proposals must demonstrate that of detail; and suitable elevations have been designed: materials for texture and • to be proportionally well-balanced GHSWK6WUHHWVFDQEHQH̨W from consistency of some • with a consistent design approach of these elements to Trumpington Meadows, Cambridge: Small • with a reasonable level of variety to details such as pop-out frames around openings create a strong identity. create interest and prevent monotony can add interest and depth to an otherwise simple facade. • with respect for the local character, without reinforcing its limitations or privacy. As with blank walls, this can POLICIES / REFS repeating past mistakes. create inactive frontages and an anti- Local Plan: HO9 social feeling on the street. The Council encourages simple building Building for Life: Q5, Q6, The form of the roof (or roofs) contributes Q7 forms, with a focus on high-quality to the overall elevation and should be GHWDLOLQJDQGͤQLVKHVVXFKDVRQ designed with this in mind. Gables tend to NPPF: paragraph 127 brickwork, windows, doors and parapets. work well on end elevations, particularly (OHYDWLRQVPXVWUHͥHFWWKHLUSRVLWLRQ for terraced and semi-detached houses. (front, rear or side) and respond to their Entrances should be obvious and easily aspect. For example, street frontage accessed from the street. They should elevations must be designed to be provide some shelter to allow residents welcoming, and south-facing elevations the space and time to put down their “I’VE ALWAYS WANTED should accommodate larger openings. bags without obstructing the footpath. TO LIVE SOMEWHERE Front doors should incorporate some The proportions of windows and their LIKE THIS THAT LOOKS AS means of viewing potential visitors for positioning within the overall elevation THOUGH IT WAS DESIGNED safety and security. will be important to the quality of the BY A REAL HUMAN BEING” design. The balance between internal usability and the external composition WHY? should be carefully considered to avoid a (OHYDWLRQVFRQWULEXWHVLJQLͤFDQWO\WR scattered and random appearance. the feeling and character of streets and Full-height windows at ground level tend neighbourhoods. With well-considered to be inappropriate when exposed to the elevation design, streets feel pleasant street, often leading residents to install and overlooked, and neighbourhoods feel curtains or other forms of screening for cohesive with a clear identity.

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 107 Cornwell Park, Paragon, Cambridge Interesting brickwork detailing and carefully considered lighting, canopy and windows. Planter at front provides bench and buffer between the street and kitchen window, and matches the 108 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TObrickwork DESIGNING of INthe BRADFORD elevation. 3.8 3.8 MATERIALS AND DETAILS

PRIORITY MATERIALS AND DETAILS CHOICE GREEN

TINCTIV FICIEN IS E EF T D

PRINCIPLE 3.8 the elements of the home that experience the most use. Investing in spaces such Building materials must be selected for as kitchens and bathrooms can ensure their appropriateness to local character, that homes work well in the long-term, PRINCIPLE 3.8 performance ability, environmental and minimise the need for repair and Building materials must qualities and aesthetic value. Reinforced replacement. by high-quality, robust detailing, be selected for their development proposals must employ appropriateness to local APPEARANCE character, performance DIDEULF̨UVWDSSURDFKZKLFKZLOODOORZ ability, environmental homes to last longer and perform more Changes of material within a building’s qualities and aesthetic H̪FLHQWO\ external appearance should relate to value. Reinforced by 7KH&RXQFLOUHTXLUHVDIDEULFͤUVW the building’s form and have a clearly high-quality, robust approach to detailing and specifying LGHQWLͤDEOHUROHLQLWVGHVLJQ:KHQ detailing, development external building envelopes, to achieve designed and detailed well, changes proposals must employ of material can help to articulate a DIDEULF̨UVWDSSURDFK PRUHHͦFLHQWXVHRIUHVRXUFHV VHHDOVR which will allow homes to 7RSLF(QHUJ\HͦFLHQF\ ,QWHUQDO building’s form and elevation, and respond to the scale of its context. last longer and perform walls and details must be designed to PRUHH̪FLHQWO\ be robust enough to accommodate fair Small details, such as recessed windows wear-and-tear by residents. or a roof overhang, can provide depth and As well as ensuring that good technical interest that makes a positive impact on POLICIES / REFS outcomes are achieved, materials and a building’s appearance. Local Plan: CS2, HO9, detailing can make a big difference to Various practical elements of the home, DS4 a building and neighbourhood’s overall often forgotten until the end of the appearance. GHVLJQSURFHVVZRXOGEHQHͤWIURP Building Regulations Part early consideration to ensure they are E and L 'H̨QLWLRQ a successful feature of the elevation. Fuel Poverty - Framework These include meter boxes, lighting, for Action )DEULF̨UVW A approach that involves ͥXHVYHQWLODWLRQGXFWVIHQFHVJDWHV maximising the passive performance NPPF: paragraphs 127, gutters and pipes. Thoughtful alignment, 148, and 150 of the components and materials SRVLWLRQLQJDQGͤQLVKFDQKHOSWRHQVXUH that make up the building fabric sensitive integration into a building’s itself, before considering the use of overall form and appearance. mechanical or electrical building “THEY’VE USED THE services systems. (See also Topic 2.13 Roofs and building LOCAL STONE. IT MAKES forms, and Topic 3.7 Elevations). SENSE: WHY TRANSPORT BUILDING MATERIALS TECHNICAL QUALITIES WHY? HALFWAY ROUND THE Developments must achieve adequate WORLD?” noise and heating insulation internally By ensuring that materials and details and externally, as poor insulation can perform well and are considered for how be stressful and costly for residents. they contribute to a building’s overall Building Regulations Part E and L should appearance, homes and neighbourhoods be met, and exceeded where possible. will be characterful as well as energy HͦFLHQW Materials must be low-maintenance and durable, with detailed attention paid to

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 109 3.9

ENERGY EFFICIENT

PRINCIPLE 3.9 Guidance in this document addresses WKHVHREMHFWLYHVLQSDUWLFXODU Development proposals must Topic 1.5 Prioritise the environment demonstrate how homes are designed • WREHHQHUJ\H̪FLHQWDQGWRRSWLPLVH • Topic 2.13 Roofs and building forms the use of natural resources, reducing Topic 2.7 Water and drainage residents’ utility bills and the • environmental impact of building. • Topic 3.2 Internal layout Throughout both outline and detailed • Topic 3.4 Light and ventilation design stages, an applicant must be • Topic 3.8 Materials and details able to demonstrate in their design and The diagram opposite shows how some access statement how a proposal has RIWKH&RUH6WUDWHJ\REMHFWLYHVFDQEH EHHQGHVLJQHGWREHHQHUJ\HͦFLHQW achieved. This includes optimising the use of natural resources, such as light and WHY? water, and designing and detailing external envelopes to be simple, robust %\GHVLJQLQJHQHUJ\HͦFLHQW and well insulated. developments that optimise the use of natural resources, applicants align their The Council has a strong ambition proposals with the Council’s strategic to combat climate change, as REMHFWLYHVLQFUHDVLQJWKHOLNHOLKRRGRID demonstrated in its Core Strategy. Part D planning application succeeding. of Strategic Core Policy SC2 requires new GHYHORSPHQWWRXVHUHVRXUFHVHͦFLHQWO\ ,PSURYLQJHQHUJ\HͦFLHQF\LQRXUKRPHV and reduce their environmental impact, and in how we travel is an important in particular by: means of improving air quality in the district. • making use of natural light and solar energy It will create a positive legacy, helping residents of Bradford District to lead achieving high standards of energy • healthy lives and minimise the costs of HͦFLHQF\ running their homes. • taking the opportunities to produce and/or access renewable energy • minimising water consumption and maximising the use of water recycling and sustainable drainage systems.

'H̨QLWLRQ (QHUJ\H̪FLHQF\ The goal to reduce the amount of energy required to provide heating, light and water, and to run appliances.

110 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 3.9

Photovoltaic panels make use of solar energy and provide ENERGY UHVLGHQWVZLWKDVHOIVXͦFLHQW EFFICIENCY and renewable energy source, particularly when battery storage is part of the overall system

Simple building forms have PRIORITY less potential for heat to be lost HOICE FICIEN through poor detailing, and are C EF T JHQHUDOO\PRUHHͦFLHQWWREXLOG

Large windows optimise natural light and ventilation, saving energy by reducing the need to turn on lights and use fans. PRINCIPLE 3.9 Development proposals must demonstrate how :DWHUHͦFLHQWͤ[WXUHV homes are designed PXVWEHVSHFLͤHGLQDOO WREHHQHUJ\H̪FLHQW new homes, e.g. dual and to optimise the use ͥXVKWRLOHWVVSUD\WDSV of natural resources, etc reducing residents’ utility bills and the environmental impact of building.

Windows must be sized, POLICIES / REFS located and detailed with care so they provide Core Strategy: SC2, HO9 access to light without potential for excessive Sustainable Design heat loss or gain Guide SPD Cavity sliding doors NPPF: paragraphs 148, allow for spatial 150, and 151 ͥH[LELOLW\DVZHOODV the ability to create enclosed spaces which will heat more quickly on colder days

Rainwater storage “ENERGY BILLS SEEM can be integrated into REALLY LOW HERE. THE building design for use FLAT SEEMS NATURALLY in toilets and watering landscape WARM”

Appliances must have high energy and/or ZDWHUXVDJHHͦFLHQF\ ratings

+PFKECVKXGGZRNQFGFDGFJQWUGFKCITCOVQKNNWUVTCVGJQYJQOGUECPDGFGUKIPGFVQDGOQTGGPGTI[GHƒEKGPV

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 111

APPENDIX 1 - LINKING TO POLICY

The table overleaf sets out how the Priorities and Principles in this design guide relate back to the Design Policies within the local plan - the Bradford Core Strategy 2017. It ZLOOEHXVHIXOIRUDSSOLFDQWVWRKLJKOLJKWKRZWKH\KDYHPHWORFDOSROLF\DQGIRURͦFHUV to use when reviewing applications.

For reference the Bradford design Principles are as follows:

 (VWDEOLVKDSURMHFWEULHI 1.2 Site and context analysis 1.3 Responding to character 1.4 Making places for people 1.5 Prioritise the environment  'HͤQHDFRQFHSW 2.2 Density and scale 2.3 Movement 2.4 Green streets 2.5 Safe and characterful streets 2.6 Open space 2.7 Water and drainage 2.8 Landscape 2.9 Biodiversity 2.10 Play 2.11 Housing mix 2.12 Topography and ground conditions 2.13 Roofs and building forms 2.14 Key buildings and corners 2.15 Parking 2.16 Waste 2.17 Making inclusive places 3.1 Flats and apartments 3.2 Internal layout 3.3 Storage 3.4 Light and ventilation 3.5 Outdoor space 3.6 Privacy 3.7 Elevations 3.8 Materials and details  (QHUJ\HͦFLHQW

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 113 Local Bradford Plan: design Bradford design Title Policy wording Design guidance guidance Principle Policy ref Priority

Achieving Planning Decisions including Plans, development proposals, and investment decisions should DS1 Good Design contribute to achieving good design and high quality places through: A. Taking a holistic, collaborative approach to design putting the quality of the place first. 8 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 B. Being informed by a good understanding of the site/area and its context. 8 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 C. Working with local communities and key stakeholders to develop shared visions for the 8 1.1, 1.4 future of their areas. D. Taking opportunities to improve places, including transforming areas which have the 8 n/a potential for change and supporting the regeneration aspirations of the District. E. Referring schemes where appropriate to design review and acting on the recommendations 8 1.1 of the review. F. Taking a comprehensive approach to redevelopment in order to avoid piecemeal 8 Section 2 development which would compromise wider opportunities and the proper planning of the area. Planning Decisions including Plans and development proposals should take advantage of Working with DS2 existing features, integrate development into the wider landscape and create new quality the Landscape spaces. Wherever possible designs should: A. Retain existing landscape and ecological features and integrate them within developments 2 2.4, , 2.6, 2.7, as positive assets. 2.8, 2.9 B. Work with the landscape to reduce the environmental impact of development. 2, 6 1.5, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, 2.12, 3.9 C. Take opportunities to link developments into the wider landscape and green space 2, 4 2.6, 2.8, 2.9 networks. D. Ensure that new landscape features and open spaces have a clear function, are visually 2, 4 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9, attractive and fit for purpose, and have appropriate management and maintenance 2.10 arrangements in place. E. Use plant species which are appropriate to the local character and conditions. 2 2.9 Urban Plans and development proposals should create a strong sense of place and be appropriate to DS3 Character their context in terms of layout, scale, density, details and materials. In particular designs A. Respond to the existing positive patterns of development which contribute to the character 5 1.2, 1.3, 2.1, 2.5, of the area, or be based on otherwise strong ideas. Innovative and contemporary approaches 2.12, 3.7, 3.8 to design which respond to and complement the local context will be supported.

B. Retain and integrate existing built features which could contribute to creating a distinctive 5 1.3, 2.5, 2.13, identity. 3.1, 3.8, 3.9 C. Take opportunities to create new public spaces, landmark buildings, landscape features 2,4 2.4, 2.6, 2.8, (including street trees), views and public art as an integral part of the design. 2.10, 2.14 D. Provide variety on larger developments with different character areas and a hierarchy of 1,5 1.3, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, street types. 2.5, 2.11, 2.14 E. Create attractive streetscapes and spaces which are defined and animated by the layout, 2,5 2.2, 2.4, 2.5, scale and appearance of the buildings. 2.13, 2.14, 3.7, 3.8 F. Display architectural quality and create original architecture or tailor standard solutions to the 1,5,6 2.75, 2.13, 2.14, site. 3.7, 3.8 G. Contribute positively to skylines through the roofscape of new development. 5, 6 2.2, 2.13 H. Ensure that tall buildings are appropriate to their location, are of high quality design and that 5,6 2.2 they do not detract from key views or heritage assets or create unacceptable local environmental conditions. I. Design shop front units which are consistent with the character, scale, quality and materials 5 2.5, 3.7, 3.8 of the existing façade, building and street scene of which they form part.

114 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD Streets and Plans and development proposals should take the opportunities to encourage people to walk, DS4 Movement cycle and use public transport through: A. Creating a network of routes which are well overlooked and convenient and easy for all 3 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.17 people to understand and move around. B. Connecting to existing street and path networks, public transport and places where people 3 2.3 want to go in obvious and direct ways, and where necessaryimproving existing routes and public transport facilities. C. Integrating existing footpaths/cycle routes on the site into the development. 3 2.3 D. Take an approach to highway design which supports the overall character of the place and 3,5 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, which encourages people to use streets as social spaces rather than just as routes for traffic 2.7, 2.10, 2.17 movement. E. Take a design led approach to car parking so that it supports the street scene and 2,3 2.5, 2.15, 2.17 pedestrian environment whilst also being convenient and secure. Safe and Plans and development proposals should make a positive contribution to people’s lives DS5 Inclusive through high quality, inclusive design. In particular they should: Places A. Be designed to ensure a safe and secure environment and reduce the opportunities for 4 2.3, 2.5 crime. B. Allow flexibility to adapt to changing needs and circumstances. 4 3.1, 3.2 C. Be designed to ensure buildings and places provide easy access for all, including those with 3 2.17, 3.2 physical disabilities. D. Encourage social interaction and where appropriate provide opportunities for members of 4 1.4, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, the community to meet and come into contact with each other. 2.14 E. Include appropriate design arrangements for servicing, waste handling, recycling and 4 2.2, 2.3, 2.15, storage. 2.16, 3.3 F. Not harm the amenity of existing or prospective users and residents. 4 1.4, 2.5, 3.6 Housing H09 Quality A. New housing development should be high quality and achieve good design. All All B. The Council will encourage and support new residential developments to achieve high sustainable design and construction standards. The minimum acceptable sustainable housing standards are set out in the Building Regulations. 1,2,3,4,7 1.5, 3.9 C. Larger housing sites should include a proportion of new homes which are designed to be accessible and easily adaptable to support the changing needs of families and individuals over their lifetime, including older people and people with disabilities. 1, 3 2.11, 2.17, 3.2 D. New development should provide private outdoor space for homes, unless site constraints make this clearly unfeasible and/or unviable. 1,2,4 3.5

E. New homes should be well laid out internally and should provide suitable space standards appropriate to the type of home. Rooms should receive adequate levels of daylight. 1 3.2, 3.4 F. New development should provide adequate storage for bins, recycling and cycles. These should be located or designed in a way which is both convenient for residents and supports the quality of the street scene. 1, 2 3.3, 2.16, 2.15

HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD 115 FURTHER READING

SECTION 1: DEFINING A BRIEF

Happy City by Charles Montgomery, Farrar Straus Giroux, 2014.

SECTION 2: CREATING A NEIGHBOURHOOD

Place Value and the Ladder of Place Quality, a Place Alliance Report, 2019 http://placealliance.org.uk/research/place-value/ http://placealliance.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Place-Value-and-the- Ladder-of-Place-Quality-Place-Alliance.pdf

Design Companion for Planning and Placemaking by Urban Design London, RIBA Publishing, 2017

Councillor’s Companion for Design in Planning by Urban Design London, 2018 https://www.urbandesignlondon.com/resources/councillors-companion-design- planning-2018/

Manual for Streets, Department for Transport and Department for Communities and Local Government, 2007 www.gov.uk/government/publications/manual-for- streets

SECTION 3: MAKING A HOME

Happy By Design: a guide to architecture and mental wellbeing, by Ben Channon, RIBA Publishing, 2018

Housing Design Handbook: a guide to good practice, by David Levitt and Jo McCafferty, Routledge, 2018

+RXVLQJ̨WIRU3XUSRVH by Fionn Stevenson, RIBA Publishing, 2019

116 HOMES & NEIGHBOURHOODS: A GUIDE TO DESIGNING IN BRADFORD IMAGE CREDITS

Front cover: Photo of Ilkley - City of Bradford Page 68: Brentford Lock photos – Camlins Metropolitan District Council (CBMDC) landscape architects Page 4: Wrose View. Bradford Civic Society photo Page 69: Tree diagram – Tibbalds competition, Streets of Bradford. Matthew - Page 70: Kingsbrook housing photo – credit RSPB – Woolcityup awaiting permission Page 7: Plan of Bradford - Tibbalds Page 72: Waterfountain play photo – Tibbalds Page 8: Photo - Born in Bradford Page 72: Cornwell Park – Tibbalds Page 10: Choice photo – Tibbalds, Green photo – Page 74: Shipley Wharf photo– Bradford Civic Tibbalds, Society photo competition - Tabya Shariff Page 11: Inclusive photo – Tibbalds, Healthy photo - Page 76: Stanley Street photo – Tibbalds, Valley CBMDC Parade photo - Bradford Civic Society photo Page 12: Distinctive photo - CBMDC, Slopes photo - competition – Andy Smith CBMDC Page 77: Photos x 2 and drawings x 2 of Canary Drive Page 13: (ͦFLHQWSKRWR&%0'&3URFHVV - CBMDC illustration – Rob Cowan Page 78: Apperley Green photo – Tibbalds Page 20 & 21: 2ͦFHZRUNLQJSKRWR[7LEEDOGV Page 79: Lister Mill, Bradford photo – Tibbalds, Page 22: Children’s consultation workshop photo – Chain Street photo - Bradford Civic Society Tibbalds photo competition– Ben Hoole Page 27: Engagement event photos x 2 – Tibbalds Page 80: St Paul’s Road, Manningham photo - Page 28: Apperley Green photo – Tibbalds Bradford Civic Society photo competition – Tom Barrett Page 34: Marmalade Lane photo – Tibbalds Page 82: Longcross North, Chertsey photo – Page 36: Diagrams - Tibbalds Tibbalds Page 39: Northumberland Street photo – DK Page 83: The Acres, Addingham photo - Bradford Architects – awaiting permission Civic Society photo competition – Helen Page 40 & 41: Illustrations – Tibbalds Hudson Page 42 – 45: Figure ground plans - Tibbalds Page 84: Parking court photo – Tibbalds, bike store Page 42: Bradford city centre photo - CBMDC photo– Tibbalds Page 43: Church street, Ilkley town centre photo– Page 86: Illustration – Tibbalds Yorkshire Festival Guide – awaiting Page 87: Bin stores photos x 2 – Maccreanor permission Lavington Page 44: Saltaire village photo – Tibbalds Page 88: Illustration – Tibbalds Page 45: Worth Valley photo - CBMDC Page 89: Banbury Place photo - Tibbalds Page 46: Varndell Road photo – Mae Architects - Page 93: Albany Street photo– Tibbalds awaiting permission Page 95: Illustration – Tibbalds Page 49: Passive House terrace photo – Scottish Page 96: Chobham Manor, Stratford photo– PRP Housing Expo, HLM Architects – awaiting Architects – awaiting permission permission Page 97: /LWWOH.HOKDP6KHͦHOGSKRWR̰5LJKWPRYH Page 50: Illustration – Tibbalds – awaiting permission Page 52: Haworth photo - CBMDC Page 98: Marmalade Lane photo – Mole Architects – Page 53: Diagram – Tibbalds awaiting permission Page 55: Illustration - PTE Architects – awaiting Page 99: Cornwell Park photo – Tibbalds permission Page 100: Varndell Street photo– Mae Architects – Page 56: Children cycling photo– Tibbalds, awaiting permission Page 57: Diagram – Tibbalds Page 102: The Malings photo – Ash Sakula Page 58: Movement strategy diagrams x 2– Tibbalds Architects – awaiting permission Page 60: Street sections x 3 – Tibbalds Page 103: Heald Farm Court photo – DK Architects – awaiting permission Page 61: Paintworks, Bristol photo – Evoke – awaiting permission Page 105: The Malings photo– Ash Sakula Derwenthorpe, York photo – unknown – Architects – awaiting permission awaiting permission Page 106: Wells Road, Ilkley photo - Bradford Civic Grangetown, Cardiff photo http:// Society photo competition - S Gwyther greenergrangetown.wordpress.com - Page 107: Trumpinton Meadows photo – Tibbalds awaiting permission Ninewells, Cambridge photo– Tibbalds Page 108: Cornwell Park, Cambridge photo – Tibbalds Page 62: Illustration – Tibbalds Page 111: Illustration - Tibbalds Page 63: Illustrations x 2 – Tibbalds, photo of Crown Point, Trowse, Hopkins Homes – awaiting permission All maps created from OS base Page 64: Open space illustration – Tibbalds Page 65: Coin Street photo – Haworth Tompkins - awaiting permission Page 66: Canal photo - CBMDC Page 67: Greener Grangetown photo - http:// greenergrangetown.wordpress.com - awaiting permission

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