Environmental Assessment/Analysis Reports Public Disclosure Authorized Report E0048
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Environmental Assessment/Analysis Reports Public Disclosure Authorized Report E0048 -, - Air -..-. I :- . - - --.-. -- Thailad -d. Public Disclosure Authorized HfighwaySector -. hoJ.edb ---si;-... EA Category.A Public Disclosure Authorized Sector and,Environtalmen Assessment for Highways March 1994- Public Disclosure Authorized This report has been prepared by the Borrower or its Consultant SECTORA L ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR HIGHWAYS KINGDOM OF THAILAND FIFTH HIGHWAY SECTOR LOAN Prepared for: The Royal Thai Government Ministry of Transport & Communications Departmtent of Hi.ghways Januuary 3, 1994 Revised NMarch28, 1994 BALOFFEF&Associates, Inc.N BALLOFFETlI AssoCialeS.lnc March 28, 1994 Mr Sanan Srirungrojana Director General Departmentof Highways SiayutthayaRoad Bangkok 10400 Thailand Re: Thailand: SectoralEnvironmental Assessment for Highways Dear Mr. Srirungrojana: Enclosedis the SectoralEnvironmental Assessment for Highways- Kingdomof Thailand Fifth HighwaySector Loan, which was preparedon your behalfin accordancewith our agreement with The World Bank. We are gratefulfor the opportunityto be of serviceto the Departmentof Highwayson this comprehensiveand challengingassignment. Sincerely. Armando F. Balloffet, PhD, P.E. President SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS 2000 Vermonl Drive * Fort Collins. CO 80525 USA - Phone 303 223-2.39 v FAX 303 226-3855 SECTORAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR HIGHWAYS KINGDOM OF THAILAND FIFTH HIGHWAY SECTOR LOAN January 3, 1994 Revised March 28,1994 Prepared for: The Royal Thai Government Ministry of Transport & Communications Department of Highways Prepared By: Balloffet and Associates, Inc. 2000 Vernont Drive Fort Collins, CO 80525 USA SECTORALENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR HIGHWAYS KINGDOMOF THAILAND FIFTH Hic,-wAY SECTORLOAN Contents List of Tables .................... iii List of Figures ........................................................... iv Abbreviations and Acronyms ..................... v Executive Summary ..................... vii 1.0 Environmental Policy, Legal and Administrative Framework . 1.1 The National Framework.. 1 1.1.1 Existing Environmental Laws, Regulations and Policies. 1 1.1.2 Evaluation of the National Environmental Framework .12 1.2 The Highway Sector Framework .. 13 1.2.1 The Highway Transport System .13 1;22 Ministry of Transport and Communications .13 1.2.3 Department of Highways .15 1.2.4 Department of Land Transport .20 1.2.5 Environmental Documentation in the Highway Sector .21 2.0 Project Description ........................................... 24 2.1 Objectives of the Fifth Highway Sector Plan .......... .............. 24 2.1.1 Background ............................................ 24 2.1.2 Specific Program Aims ..................................... 25 2.2 Environmental Issues .......................................... 27 3.0 Baseline Data . .29 3.1 Description of the Inter-City Highway Sector .. 29 3.2 Physical Resources .. 30 3.2.1 Topography .30 3.2.2 Soils .32 3.2.3 Climate .32 3.2.4 Surface and Ground Water .33 3.3 Ecological Resources .. 34 3.4 Human and Economic Development .. 45 3.4.1 Communities and Population .45 3.A.2 Industry .48 3.4.3 Land Use. 49 3.4.4 Agricultural and Mineral Resources .49 3.5 Quality of Life .. 50 3.5.1 Socioeconomic Values .50 3.5.2 Public Health .51 3.5.3 Recreational Resources .51 3.5.4 Aesthetic Resources .51 3.5.5 Cultural Resources .51 4.0 Environmental Impacts .52 THAiLAND - SECTORALENvIRDNMENTAL AssmEENT FoR HIGHWAYS PAGEi 4.1 Environmental Project Screening .. ............................... 52 4.2 Cumulative Impacts . ..................................... 54 4.3 DOH Land Acquisition Procedures ............................... 54 5.0 Analysis of Alternatives ............... ...................... 57 6.0 Mitigation Plans ..................................... 58 7.0 Environmental Management and Training .. 64 7.1 DOH Environmental Training .64 7.2 OEPP Institutional Strengthening .64 7.3 Manuals of Practice .65 8.0 Environmental Monitoring Plan . .67 8.1 Introduction .. 67 8.2 Monitoring Program Overview .. 67 8.3 Monitoring Plan .. 70 8.3.1 Monitoring Procedure (t) - Monitor Progress and Environmental Conditions on Other Major Projects ......................... 71 8.3.2 Monitoring Procedure (2) - Monitor Unearthing of Ancient Sites and Relics ........... 72 8.3.3 Monitoring Procedure (3) - Monitor Maintenance During Operation .72 8.3.4 MvonitoringProcedure (4)- Monitor Impact on Businesses and Dwellings in the Region of Influence ........................ 73 8.3.5 Monitoring Procedure (5) - Monitor Iegal Settlers Activity and Develop Plans for Removing Illegal Settlers .. 73 8.3.6 Monitoring Procedure (6) - Monitor Air Pollution ..... ......... 74 8.3.7 Monitoring Procedure (7) - Monitor Noise ... ................ 74 8.3.8 Monitoring Procedure (8) - Review and Monitor Plans for Maintaining Access to Schools, Businesses, and Conmnunity Facilities ............................... 75 8.3.9 Monitoring Procedure (9) - Monitor Construction Impacts to Flora and Fauna ......................... ........ 76 8.3.10 Monitoring Procedure (10) - Monitor Water Quality Impacts ...... 77 8.3.11 Monitoring Procedure (11) - Review and Monitor Solid Waste Handling and Disposal Plans .......... .................... 78 8.3.12 Monitoring Procedure (12) - Review and Monitor Storm Water Quality Control Plans ................ .................... 79 9.0 Public Consultation .................................................. 80 9.1 Public involvement in EIA Preparation ............................ 80 9.2 Public Consultation for the SEA .................................. 81 10.0 Recommended Enviromnental Protection Procedures and Action Program ... 82 10.1 Recommended DOH Environmental Process ........................ 82 10.2 Recommendations Regarding Land Compensation and Resettlement Issues .......... 83 10.3 Environmental Action Program for the Fifth Highway Sector Project .88 11.0 References ........................................... 92 THALAND- SECTORALENVIR)NMENTAL A fEs%rENTFOR HK;HWAYs PAGE i Appendix A: Organization of the Royal Thai Government Appendix B: NEQA, NEB Notices, and Expert Committees Appendix C: OEPP Guidelines for Road Construction and Widening EIAs Appendix D: Thai Non-Governmental Organizations Involved in the Environment Appendix E: DOH Environmental Checklist Appendix F: Mitigation Measures and References Appendix G: OEPP Proposal For Highway Traffic EIA and Environmental Management Appendix H: DOH Highway Projects in the Seventh Plan Appendix 1 US Federal Highway Administration Environmental Flow Charts List of Tables Table E.1 Widening Projects, Seventh Plan .................................. x Table E.2 Environmental Screening of Seventh Plan Projects ..................... xi Table E.3 Recommended Environmental Action Program, Ftfth Highway Sector Project . xviii Table 1.1 RTG Functional Framework for Pollution Control .................... 3 Table 1.2 Composition of the National Environment Board ................... 5 Table 13 Divisions of the OEPP ............ .............................. 6 Table 1.4 MOSTE Requirements Relating to Highway ELAs ..................... 7 Table 1.5 Summary of EIA Review Status, June 1992 - August 1993 .... .......... 10 Table 1.6 Composition of the Pollution Control Conunittee .................... 11 Table 1.7 Road Lengths in Thailand (1992) ................................. 13 Table 2.1 Summary of Implementation Plan for Widening Projects, Seventh Plan ... 25 Table 2.2 Highway Sector Environmental issues .............................. 28 Table 3.1 Classification of Soils in Thailand ................................ 33 Table 3.2 Groundwater Resources in Thailand ................................ 34 Table 33 National Parks in Thailand .................................... 37 Table 3.4 Wildlife Sanctuaries in Thailand .................................. 39 Table 3.5 Non-Hunting Areas in Thailand .40 Table 3.6 Endangered Vertebrate Species in Thailand .42 Table 3.7 GPP Sector Shares by Province, 1987 ............ ............... ... 48 Table 3.8 Land Use in Thailand, km-, 1985 .49 Table 3.9 Land Suitability for Agriculture, knz, 1983.50 Table 4.1 Preliminary Environmental Screening of Seventh Plan Projects .53 Table 6.1 Recommended Mitigation Program ................................. 60 Table 8.1 Summary of the Environmental Monitoring Program .68 Table 10.1 Recommended Envirornmental Action Program, Fifth Highway Sector Project .89 THAILAND - SECIDRAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSE3SENT FOR HIGHWAYS PAGE fii List of Figures Figure E.1 Highwav Investment By Project Type ......... ..................... ix Figure E.2 Recommended DOH Environmental Process ....... ................. xii Figure 1.1 Organization of MOSTE . ........................................ 4 Figure 1.2 EIA Approval Process for Private Sector Projects ...... ............... 8 Figure 1.3 EIA Approval Process for Public Sector Projects ...... ............... 9 Figure 1.4 Ministry of Transport and Conununications ....... ................. 14 Figure 1.5 DOH Personnel Profile . ........................................ 15 Figure 1.6 Agencies Responsible for Roads in Thailand .16 Figure 1.7 Organization of DOH .17 Figure 1.8 Highway Investment by Project Type Under the Seventh Plan .18 Figure 1.9 Growth of DOH Budget - Comparison to Total RTG Budget and to GNP . 18 Figure 1.10 The Proposed Motorways Network .19 Figure 1.11 DOH Maintenance Activities, FY 1994 .20 Figure 1.12 DOH Project Identification and Screening Methodology .23 Figure 2.1 Widening