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Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch Für Europäische Geschichte
Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe European History Yearbook Jahrbuch für Europäische Geschichte Edited by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Volume 20 Dress and Cultural Difference in Early Modern Europe Edited by Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Edited at Leibniz-Institut für Europäische Geschichte by Johannes Paulmann in cooperation with Markus Friedrich and Nick Stargardt Founding Editor: Heinz Duchhardt ISBN 978-3-11-063204-0 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-063594-2 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-063238-5 ISSN 1616-6485 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 04. International License. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Library of Congress Control Number:2019944682 Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at http://dnb.dnb.de. © 2019 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston The book is published in open access at www.degruyter.com. Typesetting: Integra Software Services Pvt. Ltd. Printing and Binding: CPI books GmbH, Leck Cover image: Eustaţie Altini: Portrait of a woman, 1813–1815 © National Museum of Art, Bucharest www.degruyter.com Contents Cornelia Aust, Denise Klein, and Thomas Weller Introduction 1 Gabriel Guarino “The Antipathy between French and Spaniards”: Dress, Gender, and Identity in the Court Society of Early Modern -
Materiały Muzeum Wnętrz Zabytkowych W Pszczynie Vii
MATERIAŁY MUZEUM WNĘTRZ ZABYTKOWYCH W PSZCZYNIE VII Tom dedykowany _ _ _ • Prof. Zdzisławowi Zygulskiemu jun. MATERIAŁY MUZEUM WNĘTRZ ZABYTKOWYCH W PSZCZYNIE VII PSZCZYNA 1992 Redakcja: Janusz Ziembiński Projekt okładki: Jan Kruczek Fotografie do rycin wykonali Autorzy lub pochodzą, z archiwów muzealnych pracowni foto graficznych Na okładce: Jan Piotr Norblin (1745— 1830), Widok świątyni Sybilli w Puławach. Fragment, zbiory Muzeum Książąt Czartoryskich w Krakowie, nr inw. MNK 11-3311 ISSN 0209-3162 Wydawnictwo Muzeum Wnętrz Zabytkowych w Pszczynie Ark. wyd. 22,0, ark. druk. 21,25 Druk wykonał Ośrodek Wydawniczy „Augustana” w Bielsku-Białej KSIĘGA PAMIĄTKOWA PROF. DR HAB. ZDZISŁAWA ŻYGULSKIEGO JUN. Janusz Ziembiński, W stęp .................................................................................................................. 9 Zdzisław Żygulski jun., Spotkania na ścieżkach nauki (noty autobiograficzne) .... 11 Jerzy Banach, Order Złotego Runa na widoku Krakowa z pierwszych lat siedemnastego w ie k u ...................................................................................................................................................... 42 Lionello Giorgio Boccia, Tra Firenze, Bisanzio, e di altre c o s e .......................................... 53 Juliusz A. Chrościcki, Islam w nowożytnych ulotkach (informacja i środki propagandy) 64 Tadeusz Chrzanowski, Refleksje nad zbiorami parafialnymi.................................................... 88 Aleksander Czerwiński, W zbrojowni Zakonu Maltańskiego. Polscy muzeolodzy -
Polish Coins Depicting Martial Arts and the Art of War
© Idōkan Poland Association “IDO MOVEMENT FOR CULTURE. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology”, Vol. 15, no. 1 (2015), pp. 1–10 DOI: 10.14589/ido.15.1.1 Wojciech J. Cynarski1(ABDEFG), Łukasz R. Cynarski2(B) 1 University of Rzeszów, Rzeszów (Poland) 2 Idokan Poland Association, Rzeszów (Poland) e-mail: [email protected] Polish coins depicting martial arts and the art of war Submission:16.08.2014; acceptance: 1.09.2014 Key words: martial arts, military culture, numismatics, Polish coins, symbolism Abstract Aim. The subject of the research is Polish coins which represent military or martial arts culture. The authors, using a multi-disci- plinary approach attempt to show how national heritage in a specific area of culture, is promoted by the issuing of commemorative coins This is their description along with their attempts to explain the phenomenon. Material and Methods. The research material comprises Polish coins and in addition, some selected foreign coins (issued between 1923 and 2013) excluding test coins. The content of the drawings (the graphics) and the inscriptions are discussed and subsequently interpreted. Subject literature and National Bank of Poland advertising material is also included. Results. The use of symbolism, Polish historical military formations, weapons and armour, famous battles of the Polish army and fortifications were successively considered. Reference was also made to the presence of the theme of martial arts on ”sport and the Olympics” coins. The analysis is illustrated with photographs of selected coins. Conclusions. Some countries promote their own traditions of physical culture, others promote the combat sports, in which they are most successful. -
The Piast Horseman)
Coins issued in 2006 Coins issued in 2006 National Bank of Poland Below the eagle, on the right, an inscription: 10 Z¸, on the left, images of two spearheads on poles. Under the Eagle’s left leg, m the mint’s mark –– w . CoinsCoins Reverse: In the centre, a stylised image of an armoured mounted sergeant with a bared sword. In the background, the shadow of an armoured mounted sergeant holding a spear. On the top right, a diagonal inscription: JEèDZIEC PIASTOWSKI face value 200 z∏ (the Piast Horseman). The Piast Horseman metal 900/1000Au finish proof – History of the Polish Cavalry – diameter 27.00 mm weight 15.50 g mintage 10,000 pcs Obverse: On the left, an image of the Eagle established as the state Emblem of the Republic of Poland. On the right, an image of Szczerbiec (lit. notched sword), the sword that was traditionally used in the coronation ceremony of Polish kings. In the background, a motive from the sword’s hilt. On the right, face value 2 z∏ the notation of the year of issue: 2006. On the top right, a semicircular inscription: RZECZPOSPOLITA POLSKA (the metal CuAl5Zn5Sn1 alloy Republic of Poland). At the bottom, an inscription: 200 Z¸. finish standard m Under the Eagle’s left leg, the mint’s mark:––w . diameter 27.00 mm Reverse: In the centre, a stylised image of an armoured weight 8.15 g mounted sergeant with a bared sword. In the background, the mintage 1,000,000 pcs sergeant’s shadow. On the left, a semicircular inscription: JEèDZIEC PIASTOWSKI (the Piast Horseman). -
Language, Individual & Society ISSN 1314-7250, Volume 10, 2016
Language, Individual & Society Journal of International Scientific Publications ISSN 1314-7250, Volume 10, 2016 www.scientific-publications.net THE EPISCOPAL RING OF WILHELM ATANAZY KLOSKE. AN IMAGE OF THE HISTORIC SOCIAL ORDERS IN POLAND IN SACRAL GOLDSMITHERY Katarzyna Bogacka Faculty of Social Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, ul. Nowoursynowska 166 02-787 Warsaw, Poland Abstract This article discusses the symbolic meaning behind the decoration on Bishop Wilhelm Atanazy Kloske’s episcopal ring dating from the nineteenth century, which has been preserved in the treasury of the Metropolitan Cathedral in Gniezno. It is unique due to the miniature figures which support a large amethyst. The figures represent the four estates (or social orders) of the realm: the clergy, the commoners, the knights and the burghers/bourgeoisie. Recently, it has been pointed out they are modelled directly on the nineteenth-century figures in Gniezno Cathedral which support the seventeenth-century reliquary of St. Adalbert (Pol: Wojciech), the principal patron saint of Poland. The author also discusses other objects which may have inspired the decoration: nineteenth-century French rings, and the works of Baroque goldsmiths in Poland, and also points out that the source of these iconographic figures can be found in nineteenth-century art. A more detailed analysis of the meaning behind these figures brings to mind the idea of unity and the patriotism of a traditional society built on the estates of the realm as a force capable of standing up against the country’s denationalization by the partitioning powers. The owner of the ring made this idea come to fruition through his social activities. -
Polish Battles and Campaigns in 13Th–19Th Centuries
POLISH BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN 13TH–19TH CENTURIES WOJSKOWE CENTRUM EDUKACJI OBYWATELSKIEJ IM. PŁK. DYPL. MARIANA PORWITA 2016 POLISH BATTLES AND CAMPAIGNS IN 13TH–19TH CENTURIES WOJSKOWE CENTRUM EDUKACJI OBYWATELSKIEJ IM. PŁK. DYPL. MARIANA PORWITA 2016 Scientific editors: Ph. D. Grzegorz Jasiński, Prof. Wojciech Włodarkiewicz Reviewers: Ph. D. hab. Marek Dutkiewicz, Ph. D. hab. Halina Łach Scientific Council: Prof. Piotr Matusak – chairman Prof. Tadeusz Panecki – vice-chairman Prof. Adam Dobroński Ph. D. Janusz Gmitruk Prof. Danuta Kisielewicz Prof. Antoni Komorowski Col. Prof. Dariusz S. Kozerawski Prof. Mirosław Nagielski Prof. Zbigniew Pilarczyk Ph. D. hab. Dariusz Radziwiłłowicz Prof. Waldemar Rezmer Ph. D. hab. Aleksandra Skrabacz Prof. Wojciech Włodarkiewicz Prof. Lech Wyszczelski Sketch maps: Jan Rutkowski Design and layout: Janusz Świnarski Front cover: Battle against Theutonic Knights, XVI century drawing from Marcin Bielski’s Kronika Polski Translation: Summalinguæ © Copyright by Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita, 2016 © Copyright by Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości, 2016 ISBN 978-83-65409-12-6 Publisher: Wojskowe Centrum Edukacji Obywatelskiej im. płk. dypl. Mariana Porwita Stowarzyszenie Historyków Wojskowości Contents 7 Introduction Karol Olejnik 9 The Mongol Invasion of Poland in 1241 and the battle of Legnica Karol Olejnik 17 ‘The Great War’ of 1409–1410 and the Battle of Grunwald Zbigniew Grabowski 29 The Battle of Ukmergė, the 1st of September 1435 Marek Plewczyński 41 The -
Knights at the Museum Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the Faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation
Knights! At the Museum Knights at the Museum Interactive Qualifying Project Submitted to the faculty of the Worcester Polytechnic Institute in fulfillment of the requirements for graduation. By: Jonathan Blythe, Thomas Cieslewski, Derek Johnson, Erich Weltsek Faculty Advisor: Jeffrey Forgeng JLS IQP 0073 March 6, 2015 1 Knights! At the Museum Contents Knights at the Museum .............................................................................................................................. 1 Authorship: .................................................................................................................................................. 5 Abstract: ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 7 Introduction to Metallurgy ...................................................................................................................... 12 “Bloomeries” ......................................................................................................................................... 13 The Blast Furnace ................................................................................................................................. 14 Techniques: Pattern-welding, Piling, and Quenching ...................................................................... -
Marriage, Inheritance, and Family Discord: French Elite and the Transformation of the Polish Szlachta
Blackburn: Marriage, Inheritance, and Family Discord 2 WORLD HISTORY REVIEW / Summer 2004 MARRIAGE, INHERITANCE, AND FAmily DISCORD: FRENCH ELITE AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE POLISH SZLACHTA by Christopher Blackburn [M. Damon to M. Wisdom] As to philosophy, you should know that our present age is one of enlightenment. Along with English frock coats, philosophy has come into vogue. In the boudoirs of the most fashionable ladies, right next to embroidery hoops and face powder you will find volumes of M. Rousseau, the philosophical works of Voltaire, and other writings of that sort. —Ignacy Krasicki (1776) Several important themes permeate Monsieur Damon’s instruc- tions to his aristocratic pupil. Most significant is not that Poland was a part of the general European Enlightenment, but that Polish enlight- ened thought resided primarily within “fashionable” elite circles and was ultimately based on the writings of the French philosophes. The wholesale acceptance of French culture brought a clear and conscious change to the szlachta’s traditionally Sarmatian character, while at the same time the szlachta family was unconsciously transformed by the more subtle Western notions of kinship and affective individual- ism, a process that culminated with the reign of the last enlightened despot—Napoleon Bonaparte.2 The mentalité of the Polish nobility was recast in the eighteenth century as its membership embraced selectively certain aspects of both the Enlightenment and ancien régime France. The piecemeal acceptance of these ideas by the traditionally Sarmatian nobility led to the evolution of an ideology resembling Enlightened Sarmatianism—one that embraced formal education, individualism, and Western appearance, which coexisted with agrarianism, anti-urbanism, and devotion to the Church.3 Once again the szlachta displayed its paradoxical nature by Produced by The Berkeley Electronic Press, 2003 1 World History Review, Vol. -
SPECIAL FEATURES of POLISH CAVALRY in the FALL of 16Th - at the HALF of 17Th CENT
54 УДК 94/99 Pryshchepa Ya.O. SPECIAL FEATURES OF POLISH CAVALRY IN THE FALL OF 16th - AT THE HALF OF 17th CENT. The main difference between Polish cavalry and the traditional European cavalry of current period lays in preserving its predomination role in Polish military art because of the early transformation of knight caal- ry into more effective in 16th-17th centuries Hussar units, however supported in combat by the light caalry units, or Cossacks. Out of the tactical peculiarities of their types of weapon and defense armour, Hussars used to play the role of the main striking force in Polish Commonwealth's soldierhood, and the Cossack units had an auxiliary functions. The main special feature of Polish cavalry and the Polish military art in the fall of 16th - at the half of 17th centuries may be represented as making supplement between the heavy and the light types of cavalry by simultaneous or alternate using of shooting-iron and cold steel weapon in the mount- ed attacks. In comparison with common European military tradition, where the main role in battles though played spearmen and later musketeer infantry units, the Polish cavalry, due to its obvious tactical advan- tages, must have been one of the most fighting efficient troops in European region. The subject of Polish military history and of monwealth's military system. The second rea- the general military history are rather new son, is that Polish cavalry, as the main attack problems for Ukrainian history science. Under force in Polish troops, was the main tactical the century-old ideological stress of Russian enemy of Cossack rebels during the famous empire Ukrainian historians did not have the Ukrainian rebellions in the fall of 16th and all possibilities to broaden their outlook in some the 17th centuries. -
Poland's Contentious Elites Enter the Age of Revolution
Poland’s Contentious Elites Enter the Age of Revolution: ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF WHY SOCIAL MOVEMENT SCHOLARSHIP SHOULD BECOME EVEN BROADER Piotr Konieczny, John Markoff To cite this version: Piotr Konieczny, John Markoff. Poland’s Contentious Elites Enter the Age of Revolution: AN- OTHER EXAMPLE OF WHY SOCIAL MOVEMENT SCHOLARSHIP SHOULD BECOME EVEN BROADER. Sociological Forum, Wiley, 2015, 30 (2), pp.286-304. 10.1111/socf.12163. hal-01580961 HAL Id: hal-01580961 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01580961 Submitted on 23 Sep 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. POLAND’S CONTENTIOUS ELITES ENTER THE AGE OF REVOLUTION: ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF WHY SOCIAL MOVEMENT SCHOLARSHIP SHOULD BECOME EVEN BROADER1 Piotr Konieczny John Markoff Pre-print version (will be replaced by post-print two years after publication per journal embargo policies) ABSTRACT Scholars of social movements commonly call for the field to be broadened in various ways because movements are often intertwined with other forms of conflict and because the causes or consequences of movements may operate differently in different contexts. Important change processes that were unfolding in Poland at the time of the French Revolution provide an instructive case. -
From Noble Dress to Jewish Attire: Jewish Appearances in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire
Cornelia Aust From Noble Dress to Jewish Attire: Jewish Appearances in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and the Holy Roman Empire Abstract: This article examines the different styles of attire that had emerged by the eighteenth century among Jews in Poland and German-speaking lands. It ar- gues that Jews in both regions developed their attire from older styles of dress that had fallen out of fashion among German burghers and Polish noblemen, re- spectively. Nevertheless, the distinguishability of Jews and Christians and distinc- tions among Jews according to social status, gender, and geographic origin were never clear-cut issues. Picturing a Hasidic Jew in Jerusalem or New York today, with a long black coat, a silk or satin caftan on Sabbath, and a black (fur) hat, many believe that this or similar attire has been the typical dress of (East European) Jews throughout time.1 However, dress and appearance have always undergone continual change and are a rather fluid marker of identity and belonging. Though Jewish law traditionally prescribes that Jews be distinguishable from their non-Jewish neighbors, and Christian and Jewish authorities have since the thirteenth century explicitly stipulated distinctive dress, such normative prescriptions do not allow for the conclusion that Jewish men and women have always been recognizable by their dress. Likewise, the fact that Jews were sometimes forced to wear distinctive signs does not mean that they were other- wise invisible as Jews or could pass as Christians when not wearing a discrimi- natory sign.2 Nevertheless, by the end of the eighteenth century there seems to have been a clear sense of a “Jewish attire”. -
The Polish Tradition
PAUL SUPER THE POLISH TRADITION AN INTERPRETATIQN . OF A NATION THE POLISH TRADITION BY THE SAME AUTHOR ELEMENTS OF POLISH CULTURE AS. SEEN BY A RESIDENT FOREIGNER EVENTS AND PERSONALITIES IN POLISH HISTORY Photo by Plat Church and Street Market, Lublin THE POLISH TRADITION AN INTERPRETATION OF A NATION BY PAUL SUPER • Special Edition published for THE POLISH MINISTRY OF INFORMATION with · permission of Geo�ge Allen & U nwin Ltd. FIRST �UBLISHED IN I 939 SECOND IMPRESSION 1940 THIRD IMPRESSION 1941 POURTH lMPRESSION 1944 (PRODUCED BY MAXLOVE PUBLISHING CO. LTD., LONDON, N,1', FOR THE POLISH MINISTRY OF INFORMĄTJON) . All rights reserved PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BRADFORD AND DICKENS., LONDON, W.C.I PUBLISHERS' NOTE The Po{ish Tradition was written before the outbreak of war, and although a number of sentences are rendered out-of-date we have purposely refrained from altering them as they serve to show the indomitable spirit of a great people. It will be seen that at the time the book was written a firm attitude to Nazi Germany was always backed by a willingness for conciliation right to the end. October 1939. ON PRONOUNCING POLISH NAMES EvERY writer on Poland who writes in the English language faces the problem of getting Polish names and significant words into a form manageable by one not speaking Polish. Long experience has led me to the conclusion that the best thing to do is as a rule to keep to the Polish spelling and give the reader . usable indications as to pronunciation. Here is a key which has been found useful : a broad as in "father." c pronounced as ts except as follows, but never as k.