DOCSLIB.ORG

Tla-O-Qui-Aht Knowledge Systems

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tla-O-Qui-Aht Knowledge Systems TLA-O-QUI-AHT KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS Saul Milne & Terry Dorward October 29 & 30 2019 Indigenous Knowledge Forum • Tla-o-qui-aht • Political context of knowledge production OVERVIEW • Research initiated by Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations • Fish WIKS (SSHRC funded) • EPIC4 (Genome Canada/Genome BC funded) • Traditional Resource Committee • Doing indigenous research • Preliminary findings TLA- O - QUI- AHT TFN TLA-O-QUI-AHT • Current occupied villages (Esowista, Ty Histanis, Opitsaht) located on the west coast of Vancouver Island near Tofino, B.C. • ha-ha-huułi (land [and its resources] owned by a chief) and nismaa (the land) includes Kennedy Watershed • Tla-o-qui-aht Chiefly Family relatives of the Nuu-Chah-Nulth-aht • Chief and Council for program delivery • The Ha'wiih (Hereditary Chiefs) are the traditional leadership that govern the Lands, Resources, Cultural Activities of the Tla-o-qui-aht people - they are informed by haahuupa (teachings) and himwića (storytelling) and ?uusumč (careful seeking, knowledge acquisition). • Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations is a confederation of families Highway 4 completed in 1959 1970’s Pacific Rim Protecting Wah-nuh-jus-hilth-hoo (Meares Island) POLITICAL CONTEXTS OF Scientific Panel for Sustainable Forest Practices in Clayoquot Sound KNOWLEDGE PRODUCTION Tla-o-qui-aht Treaty West Coast Aquatic 2009 the BC Supreme Court recognized the aboriginal rights of five Nuu-chah-nulth Nations (Ahousaht, Ehattesaht/Chinehkint, Hesquiaht, Tla-o-qui-aht, Mowachaht/Muchalaht) FUNDED RESEARCH PROJECTS • Fish WIKS - https://www.dal.ca/sites/fishwiks.html 1. Identify opportunities with the Tla-o-qui-aht Traditional Resource Committee to depict Tla-o- • The research aims to identify the commonalities and qui-aht knowledge systems through the documentation differences in Indigenous knowledge systems of both formal and informal oral histories and archival and ethnographic records associated with the renewal • 4 PhD Students and 4 masters Students across the Pacific, Arctic, Inland and Atlantic regions and in four 2. Explore the ontological assumptions of e.g. nature, distinct coastal communities in Canada (Tla-o-qui-aht, regeneration, and life, while remaining accountable to British Columbia; Naujaat, Nunavut; Nipissing, Ontario; the Tla-o-qui-aht Traditional Resource Committee; and Eskasoni, Nova Scotia). and • Fish WIKS is interested in the “how” of knowledge 3. Work with the Tla-o-qui-ahtTraditional Resource generation, transmission, and effective use, ‘the rules’ Committee and others in Tla-o-qui-aht’s fisheries underpinning institutional worldviews, and especially governance to identify opportunities for Tla-o-qui-aht those that relate to valuation, ownership and control of knowledge systems to find expression within the the substantive knowledge. current (e.g. local, regional, national, international) fisheries governance regimes by providing policy relevant recommendations to advance self- determination practices. RESEARCH PROJECTS • EPIC4 - http://www.sfu.ca/epic4/Act5/ActSlideShow.html • Enhancing Production in Coho: Culture, Community, Catch • Activity 5.1 - “The social-ecological values of a person’s community, society, and other cultural and reference groups provide the social context for subjective assessments of well- being and shape the meanings that may attach to new genomic enhancements of aquaculture strains and the protection of local wild populations.” • Broad range of values, held, assigned, relational, collective, etc. TRADITIONAL RESOURCE COMMITTEE • Tla-o-qui-aht had learned from research experience from Protected Areas for Poverty Reduction • In May 2015, Tla-o-qui-aht’s hawił and elected Chief and Council passed a Band Council Resolution to support the creation of the Traditional Resource Committee (TRC) TRADITIONAL RESOURCE COMMITTEE • Tla-o-qui-aht had their own desire to establish an endorsed committee comprised of youth, adults and elders to participate in and guide knowledge production • Participants include elected Chief and Council and Tla-o-qui-aht Hawił, Elders, knowledge • Meet over a meal, with an agenda, always in the villages TRC • The role of the TRC is research project co-participant • The purpose is to assist in implementing the principles of Tsawalk and specifically to assist: • in developing research project accountabilities • participate in priority setting • build awareness in the community • and to provide guidance, feedback and advice to researchers on analysis, and interpretation DOING INDIGENOUS RESEARCH Traditional Resource Committee as a response to Transitioning to Community-based knowledge production the requirement for 3 layers of reflexivity in • Research Protocol indigenous research methodologies: • Liaison • Traditional Resource Committee 1. 1st Person Reflexivity – power & privilege • 4 students through the TRC 2. Inter-personal Reflexivity - positionality, • non-academic research (salmon rebuilding plans) developing rapport Next Steps 3. Collective Reflexivity – sense making as a group • Digitizing Research (Source: Nicholls, 2009) • Centralizing Tla-o-qui-aht research Novel product from research: Film with • Evaluating previous research with TRC • Developing a community research plan through the knowledge Commentary production process PRELIMINARY FINDINGS FISH WIKS EPIC4 • Hahuppa contains the aspects of • Ontological focus, what sorts of worlds knowledge systems (use, value, there are, how do they come into being, transmission) and more, it tells us about eschewing an epistemic focus important concepts like: • What is salmon? • Quu?as (human) • How the First Salmon Ceremony • Isaak (sacred respect) illustrates values (held, assigned, • Tsawalk (all is one) desirable) CHU.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Atleo Elected to AFN Continental Breakfasts
    NJ.oR.N A y iii1iii I - HiShiIfh'Sa Canada's Oldest First Nation's Newspaper - Serving Nuu -chah- nulth -aht since 1974 Vol. 30 - No. 24 - December 4, 2003 haasitsa "Interesting News" an'""k wm ad , "'á;;s ' Nuu-chah-nulth protest >>1 health care cuts By Denise Ambrose Tramper emerged from the building, Central Region Reporter quickly accepted the letters then retreated back to the building past the booing crowd. She delivered the letters Victoria - Hundreds of concerned that afternoon in the legislature during citizens arrived at the Parliament question period. Building out November 20th in an effort The two year -old WCGH has already to save hospitals and health care 'temporarily' closed 19 beds due to services from the effects of Premier Vancouver Island Health Authority " Campbell's budget slashing. Budget cuts. VIHA proposes cutting Port Alberni residents started the 'SOS' another nine acute care beds at WCGH (Save our Services) Cavalcade at the sending jobs, services and patients to West Coast General Hospital (WCGH); Nanaimo. new hospital that faces more bed The small Tofino General Hospital also closures and, according to some, faces cutbacks that would have complete closure. deep impacts on the outlying communities of They drove in a kilometers long lesquiaht. Hot Springs Cove and convoy, lights flashing, stopping in Ahousaht. Bev Hanson, an Ahousaht ilia along the way to allow member, has been working others to join. at the hospital in the cooking and housekeeping department. She says she Bev Hansen, an Ahousaht Ha- ho -payuk dancers perform for government officials in Victoria.
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of Nuu-Chah-Nulth Culture History
    SINCE KWATYAT LIVED ON EARTH: AN EXAMINATION OF NUU-CHAH-NULTH CULTURE HISTORY Alan D. McMillan B.A., University of Saskatchewan M.A., University of British Columbia THESIS SUBMI'ITED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the Department of Archaeology O Alan D. McMillan SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY January 1996 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Alan D. McMillan Degree Doctor of Philosophy Title of Thesis Since Kwatyat Lived on Earth: An Examination of Nuu-chah-nulth Culture History Examining Committe: Chair: J. Nance Roy L. Carlson Senior Supervisor Philip M. Hobler David V. Burley Internal External Examiner Madonna L. Moss Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon External Examiner Date Approved: krb,,,) 1s lwb PARTIAL COPYRIGHT LICENSE I hereby grant to Simon Fraser University the right to lend my thesis, project or extended essay (the title of which is shown below) to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. I further agree that permission for multiple copying of this work for scholarly purposes may be granted by me or the Dean of Graduate Studies. It is understood that copying or publication of this work for financial gain shall not be allowed without my written permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Clayoquot Sound)
    .. Catalogue of Salmon Streams and Spawning Escapements of Statistical Area 24 ( Clayoquot Sound) R.F Brown, M.J. Comfort, & D.E. Marshall . Fisheries &Oceans Enhancement Services Branch 1090 West Pender St. Vancouver. B. C. V6E 2P1 December 1979 Fisheries & Marine Service Data Report No. 80 Fisheries and Marine Service Data Reports These reports provide a medium for filing and archiving data compilations where little or no analysis is included. Such compilations commonly will have been prepared in support of other journal publications or reports. The subject matter of Data Reports reflects the broad interests and policies of the Fisheries and M arine Service, namely, fisheries management, technology and development, ocean sciences, and aquatic environments relevant to Canada. Numbers 1-25 in this series were issued as Fisheries and Marine Service Data Records by the Pacific Biological Station, N anaimo, B.C The series name was changed with report number 26. Data Reports are not intended for general distribution and the contents must not be referred to in other publications without prior written clearance from the Issuing establishment. The correct citation appears above the abstract of each report. Service des peches et de la mer Rapports statistiques Ces rapports servent de base a la compilation des donnees de classel11ent et d'archives pour lesquelles iI y a peu ou point d'analyse. Celte compilation aura d'ordinaire ete preparee pour appuyer d'autres publications ou rapports. Les sujets des Rapports statistiques refietent la vaste gamme des interets et politiques du Service des peches et de la mer, notamment gestion des peches, techniques et developpement, sciences oceaniques et environnements aquatiques, au Canada .
    [Show full text]
  • First Nations' Perspectives
    Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel Trigger Type Type First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound Sydney R. Clayoquot Sound Study Area Megin R. included in Hesquiat Bedwell R. Study Area Harbour Moyeha R. Hesquiat not included in Hot Ursus R. Study Area Springs Cove Flores 0 5 10 15 20 N Island km Cypre R. Ahousat P Bulson Cr. Herbert Inlet Tofino Cr. a Tranquil Cr. Vargas Opitsat c Island Clayoquot R. Meares Kennedy R. i Tofino Island f Tofino Inlet i Vancouver Islandc Kennedy O Lake c e Clayoquot a Sound n Ucluelet Study Area Source: Province of British Columbia (April 1993). Clayoquot Sound Land Use Decision: Key Elements. March 1995 i Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel Trigger Type Type First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound March 1995 ii Clayoquot Sound Scientific Panel Trigger Type Type First Nations’ Perspectives Relating to Forest Practices Standards in Clayoquot Sound Table of Contents Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................... v Executive Summary...................................................................................................... vii 1.0 Introduction........................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Context of this Report ...................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Levi Martin, Elder, Tla-O-Qui-Aht First Nation a Profile by Josie Osborne
    Volume 1, Issue 3 October 2009 INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Levi Martin, Elder, Tla-o-qui-aht First Nation Profile: Levi Martin 2 A profile by Josie Osborne ISE Special 3 Sessions at the “When I was six years “fighter and hunter.” He set up snares, 12th ISE Congress old, on my first day at trapped birds, and spent many hours Pre-Congress 5 Kakawis [the Christie outdoors near Opitsaht. Levi was the Workshops Indian Residential youngest of 16 children, all born to George Update on the 13th school], my older and Martha Martin. Nuu-chah-nulth was his 6 brother spoke to me in first language, since he had no need to speak ISE Congress English and told me to English until he was sent to the Christie Call for proposals 7 do something. I didn’t Indian Residential school for native children to host the 14th do it, because I didn’t run by the Catholic Church from 1898 until ISE Congress understand him. 1983. Some might say Levi was fortunate in Another older boy had to explain it to me in that the Christie School, at Kakawis, was only Sacred seeds field 7 our language. I made up my mind then to a few miles from his home and parents, but report from Peru learn English.” those few miles represented a wide gulf Members’ Space 9 I can imagine Levi then – as a small boy in between place and cultures for young on the ISE Website 1950 – determinedly learning a new language children like Levi. He attended residential so he could communicate with everyone school for about four years (rather than ten Need for Bio- 9 or more like some others) and at age 11 cultural Mapping around him.
    [Show full text]
  • First Nation and Aboriginal Organizations on Vancouver Island
    First Nation and Aboriginal Organizations on Vancouver Island VI TREATY GROUPS AND TRIBAL COUNCILS BC Treaty Commission Laich-Kwil-Tach Treaty Society 700-1111 Melville Street 1441 Old Island Hwy Vancouver, BC V6E 3V6 Campbell river, BC V9W 2E4 Phone: 250- 482-9200 Phone: 250-287-9460 Fax: 250- 482-9222 Fax: 250-287-9469 Website: http://www.bctreaty.net/ Email: [email protected] Website http://www.lkts.ca/ Hul’qumi’num Treaty Group Member Bands: Wewaikai First Nation, Weiwaikum First Nation, Kwiakah First Nation 12611-B Trans Canada Highway Ladysmith, BC V9G 1M5 Phone: 250-245-4660 Musgamagw Dzawda'enuxw Tribal Council Fax: 250-245-4668 102-2005 Eagle Drive Email: [email protected] Campbell River, BC V9H 1V8 Website: http://www.hulquminum.bc.ca/ Phone: 250-914-3402 Member Bands: Stz'uminus First Nation, Fax: 250-914-3406 Cowichan Tribes, Halalt First Nation, Lake Email: [email protected] Cowichan First Nation, Lyackson First Nation, Website: http://www.mdtc.ca/ Penelakut Tribe Member Bands: Gwawaenuk Tribe, Kwicksutaineuk/Ah-Kwa-Mish Tribes, ‘Namgis Huu-ay-aht Treaty Office First Nation, Dzawada’enuxw First Nation/ Tsawataineuk Indian Band 3483 3rd Avenue Port Alberni, BC V9Y 4E4 Phone: 250-723-0100 Nanwakolas Council Fax: 250-723-4646 203 – 2005 Eagle Drive Campbell River, BC V9H 1V8 Kwakiutl District Council Phone: 250-286-7200 Fax: 250-286-7222 PO Box 1440 Email: [email protected] Port Hardy, BC V0N 2P0 Website: http://www.nanwakolas.com Phone: 250-286-3263 Member Nations: Mamalilikulla Fax: 250-286-3268 Qwe'Qwa'Sot'Em First Nation,
    [Show full text]
  • Winter Quarters by George Davidson This Work by American George Davidson Is One a Series of Paintings in the Museum Collections at the Oregon Historical Society
    Winter Quarters By George Davidson This work by American George Davidson is one a series of paintings in the museum collections at the Oregon Historical Society. Davidson produced the paintings in the mid 1790s upon his return to Boston from a fur trading voyage to the Northwest Coast (1790 - 1793). Davidson was a housepainter and occasional artist when he joined the second fur trade expedition of Captain Robert Gray in late September 1790. Gray’s Columbia Rediviva made the voyage from Boston to the Northwest Coast in eight months, arriving at Clayoquot Sound on Vancouver Island in early June 1791. The expedition passed the summer months trading with the various aboriginal groups up and down the coast. In September 1791, Gray established a “winter quarters” on Clayoquot Sound. He named the wintering site “Adventure Cove” and referred to their encampment as “Fort Defiance.” In the 1970s, historians and archeologists identified the fort’s original location on Meares’ Island. Davidson’s painting depicts the scene at Adventure Cove after the construction of the sloop Adventure, which first mate Robert Haswell would later use for trading along the west coast of Vancouver Island in the spring of 1792. The painting features the Columbia at anchor with her topmasts removed, as well as what appears to be a self-portrait of Davidson showing his illustration of the scene to Captain Gray. In contrast to the illustration Launch of the North West America from John Meares narrative of 1790 in which Native people are prominent, in Davidson’s painting the local indigenous people, the Tla-o-qui-at (Clayoquot), are notable for their absence.
    [Show full text]
  • Tla-O-Qui-Aht Bulletin February 1-2017
    TLA-O-QUI-AHT BULLETIN FEBRUARY 1-2017 ELDER’S FORUM DID YOU KNOW.. All Tla-o-qui-aht Bulletins are regularly added to the TFN Website. Additionally, new events, meetings, and community gatherings are posted to our website. Picture from the Tla-o-qui-aht First Nations Elder’s Forum on January 17th + 18th 2017; stay tuned for a full report in the next bulletin! Check it out! MEARES ISLAND CULTURAL CENTRE HALL – CLOSED www.tla-o-qui-aht.org FOR RENOVATIONS AS OF MONDAY JAN 16TH-2017 Tla-o-qui-aht ‘s Meares Island Cultural Centre HALL will be closed as of Monday January 16th-2017 for renovations to begin. The other areas of the upstairs, and some of the downstairs will remain open for staff to work. However due to the repairs needed on the front side (facing the ocean) the Meares Island Preschool will be relocated temporarily to the Opitsaht Health Clinic for at least 2 – 3 months. We are pleased to inform that Tla-o-qui-aht was successful in acquiring a grant for these important upgrades. As we undergo this planning, the Opitsaht Fitness Facilities will likely change as well, once we know the renovation plans, we will inform the members on access of the fitness facility as well. The information for Tla-o-qui-aht is one click away, stay in touch, check your website. OPITSAHT FITNESS CENTRE – CLOSED Due to the ren0vations needed at MICC in Opitsaht therefore requiring us to move our Preschool to the Opitsaht Health Clinic temporarily, the Fitness Centre will then be closed for the renovation period.
    [Show full text]
  • Searchablehistory.Com 1780-1789 P. 1 TWO CLASSES of TRAPPERS ROAMED ACROSS the WILDERNESS of NORTH AMERICA First and Most Numero
    TWO CLASSES OF TRAPPERS ROAMED ACROSS THE WILDERNESS OF NORTH AMERICA First and most numerous were the Canadian voyageurs these were mainly of French-Canadian descent -- many were Metis (mixed-blood) people voyageurs were almost amphibious by nature and training hardy, happy and amiable in disposition they glided over every harsh experiences with laughter and a song their quick sympathy and humane instincts resulted in a kinship with the Indians Second group was an entirely different class of men known as free trappers these were usually American by birth with Virginia and Kentucky being home for most patient and unrelenting during their annual trapping trips they were also given to wild debauchery and savage rioting they were bold, overbearing and indifferent to sympathy or company and they were harsh and cruel to the Indians there was always blood in their eye, thunder in their voice and a gun in their hands BRITISH GOVERNMENT RELAXES ITS SYSTEM OF FRENCH TRADING SUPERINTENDENTS British government placed trading superintendents in trading areas oversee operations of coureurs-de-bois (free traders) given privileges to trade in a specific region but, the “Superintendent system” of French overseers proved to be too expensive to administer instead, exclusive French trading privileges were abolished -- 1780 Into the vacuum left by the removal of the French fur monopolies rushed swarms of “free traders” principally Scotsmen from the Scottish Highlands who were contemptuously called “Peddlers” by the long-established Hudson’s Bay Company and
    [Show full text]
  • Official Community Plan
    Image Source: Melody Charlie OFFICIAL COMMUNITY PLAN Bylaw No. 1290, 2021 DISTRICT OF TOFINO “Situated on the rugged West Coast where an enriching relationship exists between our community members and the natural environment, Tofino promotes healthy civic engagement supporting a creative and resilient community of varied ages that is socially, environmentally and economically diverse.” Cover Photography provided by Melody Charlie OFFICIAL COMMUNITY PLAN 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Plan Overview ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................................................1 1.2 OCP Purpose and Background ..................................................................................................................................1 1.3 OCP Application and Interpretation .......................................................................................................................2 1.4 Associated Plans .............................................................................................................................................................4 2. Vision and Guiding Principles ......................................................................................... 6 2.1 Vision ..................................................................................................................................................................................6
    [Show full text]
  • Clayoquot Sound Land Use Decision Background Report
    Clayoquot Sound Land Use Decision Background Report April 1993 Clayoquot Sound Land Use Decision Background Report Contents A. Introduction to Clayoquot Sound B. Aboriginal Considerations 1. The Nuu-chah-nulth 2. Meares Island C. History of Planning Processes D. Considerations Underlying the Decision E. The Clayoquot Sound Land Use Decision 1 . Protected Areas (a) Description (b) Ecological Representation (c) Biodiversity 2. Integrated Resource Management Areas (a) Description (b) Implications for Resource Development (c) Performance Based Operations Appendix 1 – Clayoquot Sound Decision: Area Assigned to Various Land Use Categories Appendix 2 – Map: Clayoquot Land Use Decision 1993 Clayoquot Sound Land Use Decision Background Report A. Introduction to Clayoquot Sound Since 1980, Clayoquot Sound has been the focus of intense public debate about land use and resource development. The controversy has centered around the issues of forest wilderness, protection of ecosystems, visual aesthetics, tourism and large scale industrial forest operations. This debate has resulted in confrontation, civil disobedience and uncertainty. Clayoquot Sound is located on the west coast of Vancouver Island. The Sound is a large area of islands, ocean, fjords, narrows, estuaries, mudflats, rocky shores, sand beaches, mountains, forests, lakes and streams. Roughly 350 000 hectares in size, the area includes Hesquiat Peninsula, Esowista Peninsula, the islands, sea, and all lands and waters draining into the Pacific Ocean from the height of land between Escalante Point in the north and Quisitis Point in the south. Clayoquot Sound is a spectacular part of coastal British Columbia, a region renowned for its beauty. The Sound supports a wide range of resources and other values: a huge volume of old growth timber; fisheries that are important for local lifestyles, cultures and economy; concentrations of metallic and industrial minerals; magnificent scenic resources for tourism and an unusual combination of marine, freshwater and land ecosystems.
    [Show full text]
  • Matsquiaht Property INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY HISTORY
    MAAQUTUSIIS HAHOULTHEE STEWARDSHIP SOCIETY the Matsquiaht Property INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY HISTORY One of the many traditional village site of the Ahousaht First Nation, the property has been inhabited for thousands of years. The Ahousaht, and neighboring Tla-o-qui-aht people used the valuable resources on Meares Island for social and spiritual sustenance. The Matsquiaht Property is formerly known as Kakawis, and is the site of the former Christie (Kakawis) Indian Residential School. The school operated from 1900 to 1983 and was the last residential school to close in British Columbia. Located on the historic Meares Island in breathtaking Clayoquot Sound the Matsquiaht Property is a fee-simple, 175 hectare private In an effort to heal the wounds of the past, the property owned by the Maaqutusiis Hahoulthee Stewardship residential school infrastructure was converted into a healing center for Aboriginal and non- Holdings Inc. Accessible only by boat or seaplane, the west-facing Aboriginal people. The location is still used as foreshore is a short few kilometers from the municipality of Tofino, a place of healing, where traditional indigenous methods are practiced alongside western situated in the heart of Clayoquot Sound and Ahousaht First Nation medicine. territories. The abundance and diversity of coastal flora and fauna, Purchased from the Catholic Church of Canada protected by pristine wilderness and watersheds, the Matsquiaht by the Ahousaht First Nation’s, Maaqutusiis Hahoulthee Holdings Inc. in 2012, the Property is a jewel of unlimited potential and attraction. Ahousaht people are seeking investments to develop the property. MATSQUIAHT PROPERTY WINTER 2013/2014 The Clayoquot Sound biosphere reserve, an ancient termperate rainforest situated on the west coast of Vancouver Island has been home to the Nuu- chah-nulth Nations of Ahousaht, Tla-o-qui-aht and Hesquiaht since time immemorial.
    [Show full text]