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оо і о ж п Ukrainian Weekl У О а PUBLISHED BY THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION INC.. A FRATERNAL NON-PROFIT ASSOCIATION vol. LXXXVII No.34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23. i98i 25 cents With an eye on Communist Party Congress Pope names Moskal bishop

Poland's Ukrainians express views PHILADELPHIA - Msgr. Robert Michael Mo– the country is now experiencing. The by Dr. Roman Solchanyk skal, chancellor of the Phila– process of Socialist renewal, it main- delphia Ukrainian Catholic A recent issue of Nashe Slovo, the tains, is not being fully implemented Ukrainian-language weekly published along the lines laid down by the Sixth Archdiocese and pastor of in Warsaw by the Ukrainian Social- Plenum of the Central Committee of the the immaculate Conception Cultural Society (USKT), contains an PUWP and subsequently developed in Cathedral, was appointed official Declaration of the Main Ad- the resolutions adopted by the 11th titular bishop of Agatho– ministration of the USKT in which the plenum. polis and auxiliary bishop of organization sets forth its views on "The path of social reconciliation," the Philadelphia Ukrainian developments in Poland. The document says the declaration, "which was to Catholic Archdiocese on is dated July 4, and appears to unite all citizens in work for the coun– Friday, August 14, by Pope have been issued with a view to the then try, promote the reintroduction of John Paul 11, according to forthcoming Ninth Extraordinary democracy, and strengthen the state, is an announcement by Arch– Congress of the PUWP (Polish Com– bishop-Metropolitan Ste– 1 not being adhered to fully and by all." munist Party). The document refers to organizational phen Sulyk. The USKT is the only officially chaos, shortages and declining labor The appointment is the recognized group representing the discipline as the main elements contri– result of a proposal of the Ukrainian minority in Poland, which is buting to "the dangerous drop in Ukrainian Catholic bishops' the largest in the country. During the industrial and agricultural production, first regular synod held in past year, it has played a leading role in the effects of which are felt by all of us." Rome hut fall under the attempting to win concessions from the Turning to political developments in leadership of Cardinal Josyf Polish authorities that would improve Poland, the declaration maintains: Slipyj; primate of the Ukrai– social and cultural conditions for The unusually complicated situation nian Catholic Church. 3 Poland's Ukrainian population. requires the unification of all forces Bishop-elect Robert Mo– The declaration begins on a pessimis– faithful to socialism in defense of its skal was born in Carnegie, tic note, citing "the difficult time" that achievements and for the realization of Pa., on October 24, 1937, of a genuine renewal in the state and party. William Moskal and Jean For it is well known that only a party of Marie nee Popivchak. At Pa congressman appeals the Leninist type is capable of guaran– age 12 he entered the Ukrai– teeing development in the spirit of nian Catholic Seminary in Bishop-elect Robert Moskal for Raisa Rudenko Socialist transformations." Stamford, Conn., where he PHILADELPHIA - Rep. Law– Further on, the declaration refers to studied for eight years and received a cathedral on October 4, 1979. rence Coughlin (R-Pa.), a close friend the existence of "anti-Socialist forces B.A. degree. He continued his studies at Since 1964 Msgr. Moskal has been a of the Philadelphia-based Ukrainian that are attempting, by all manner of St. Josaphat's Ukrainian Catholic charter member of the board of direc– Human Rights Committee, wrote a means and methods, to discredit social- Seminary and the University of Ame– tors of Ascension Manor inc., which letter to Ambassador Anatoly Dobryn– ism, the workers' party and its leading rica in Washington, where in 1963 he provides housing for the elderly. He in on behalf of Raisa Rudenko. role in the process of socialist construc– received a licentiate in sacred theology. served as the board's secretary-treasurer in his letter, dated August 4, Rep. tion, and its leader, so as to weaken the He was ordained to the priesthood on and since 1977 has been the executive Coughlin states: "Many of my consu– basis of socialism in Poland. March 25, 1963, by the then Archbis– vice president of the corporation. tuents in Pennsylvania have indicated in 1977 Msgr. Moskal was elected in the same vein, it points to "enemies hop-Metropolitan Ambrose Senyshyn their concern for Mrs. Rudenko; how– president of the Providence Association of the Socialist regime" who have OSBM. immediately after his ordina– ever, their interest and mine should not of Ukrainian Catholics of America for "undertaken a broad anti-Soviet cam– tion, he was assigned as secretary at the be interpreted as an attempted intrusion a four-year term. As president of this paign" characterized by the dissemina– archbishop's chancery in Philadelphia. into the internal affairs of the Soviet fraternal society,which was established in tion of what are described as anti-Soviet At the same time he was commissioned Union. Rather, ours is a humanitarian 1912 by the first Ukrainian Catholic leaflets and slogans and the desecration to establish a Ukrainian Catholic parish appeal on behalf of the Rudenkos. We bishop in the United States, Bishop of graves of Red Army soldiers, monu– in Warrington, outside Philadelphia. urgently request that the whereabouts Stephen Soter Ortynsky OSBM, he is ments, plaques and street signs com– His work in the archdiocesan offices of Mrs. Rudenko be made known and responsible for the association's print– memorating Polish-Soviet friendship. at this time included service on the that both she and her husband be archdiocesan tribunal for a two-year ing house and newspaper America, the released from prison...and be granted The declaration adds that "for us, period as a pro-synodal judge and later, only Ukrainian Catholic daily news- permission to emigrate from the Soviet citizens of Poland and representatives editor of the archiocesan weekly The paper in the world. He is a frequent Union to the United States." of the Ukrainian national minority Way for two years, in 1967 he was contributor to the various Ukrainian This letter was the result of the organized in the ranks of the USKT," appointed vice-chancellor of the arche– Catholic periodicals and newspapers on ' various meetings on behalf of Mrs. the desecration of graves of Soviet parchy of Philadelphia. various religious subjects. Recently he Rudenko which Rep. Coughlin had soldiers is "particularly painful," be– Msgr. Moskal did pastoral work at was appointed to the Ukrainian Catho– with the members of the Ukrainian cause "among those who paid with their St. Anne's Ukrainian Catholic Church lic Church's liturgical subcommission Human Rights Committee chaired by lives for the freedom of the Polish land in Warrington, Pa. On August 1, 1972 (Continued on page 13) Ulana Mazurkevich. were hundreds of thousands of Ukrai– he was transferred to the Annunciation Congressman Coughlin became con– nian soldiers, and not a few of our Ukrainian Catholic Church in Melrose cerned with the fate of the Rudenkos in grandfathers, fathers and brothers." Park, Pa., where he served as pastor 1NS1DE: until August 1974. spring when he had tried to place a call The declaration ends with a call to all Ш Sen. Paul Yuzyk on the 90th to Mykola Rudenko in Barashevo, members of the USKT and to the entire in April 1974 he was elevated by Pope anniversary of Ukrainian settlement USSR. The call was placed from the Ukrainian population to "actively join Paul vi to the rank of papal chaplain in Canada — page 5. with the title of monsignor. in August of office of the Providence Association in in the wave of Socialist renewal, which Ш Ongoing series on the state of і that year he was named chancellor of Philadelphia. Rep. Coughlin spoke to is based on the principles of Socialist Ukrainian church art and architec– the archdiocese and transferred to the various Soviet officials but was never transformation and on the foundations tnre. This week featuring: Titus connected to Mr. Rudenko. The con– pastorate of the Ukrainian Catholic of friendship with the peoples of the Hewryk - page 7. gressman tried three hours, through a Cathedral of the immaculate Concep– Soviet Union," and to contribute to a Ш Soyuzivka's Celebration of translator, to reach Mr. Rudenko, speedy resolution of the crisis. tion in Philadelphia. Youth, story and photos - pages 8- founder of the Ukrainian Helsinki Msgr. Moskal had the privilege of 9. Group. (Continued on page 14) welcoming Pope John Paul H at the THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 2З! І98І No.34 Po,!?h fallout: Smoloskyp profiled by Baltimore Sun ELL1COTT C1TY, Md. - Smo– sentencing political and cultural Soviet authorities show concern loskyp, the small publishing house dissidents to mental hospitals, to which collects, translates, prints and Madrid to protest the imprisonment about workers' problems, needs distributes articles and original of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group." materials concerning the human- The main vehicle for Smoloskyp's by Dr. Roman Solchanyk seminar-conference on ideological rights movement in Ukraine and message is its quarterly newspaper, work held on June 8, Mr. Shcherbitsky other related matters, was recently which has a circulation of about One aspect of Soviet domestic policy had referred to a Ukrainian Central profiled by Peter Kumpa in the Balti– 15,000, and the books and pamphlets that warrants careful observation and Committee decree outlining "specific more Sun. it publishes as part of the constant analysis in light of the labor unrest in tasks for strengthening educational The name of the Maryland-based flow of information on the status of Poland is that which concerns issues work in workers' collectives" that had organization, which consists of an the human-rights movement in U– affecting Soviet workers and their been adopted "at the end of last year."5 informal network of about 100 U– kraine and the effort to preserve the trade-union organizations. This is About a week later, in an article on krianian Americans, largely from the nation's language and culture. especially true in the republics border– cadres policy in Pravda, the Ukrainian Baltimore-Washington area, trans– "its most valuable work may be in ing on Poland, which, for geographical Party leader noted that the Central lates to "torch" or "beacon," aptly spreading translated copies of the and historical reasons, may be consi– Committee had taken "additional mea– reflecting the group's work in spot- underground samvydav, those hand- dered particularly susceptible to in– sures to increase the militancy of lighting events in the Soviet Union written and hand-copied newspapers fluences emanating from their western primary party organizations and streng– and other"East-bloc nations that from Ukraine, the possession of neighbor. Although one cannot esta– then their influence within workers' normally do not appear in other which in Ukraine is a serious crime," blish a direct causal link with events in collectives." in 'this regard, he conti– media. wrote Mr. Kumpa. "Other classics in Poland, it is nonetheless interesting that nued, "We feel that not a single funda– Two of the six editors mentioned hand are 'Notes From a Madhouse,' during the past year there have been mental question, especially if it con– by the Sun were Andrew Fedynsky, a a first-hand report from a Soviet several reports of strikes and work cerns the selection and placement of Washington writer, and Orest Dey– psychiatric prison, and the docu– stoppages in the Baltic states and cadres, can or should be decided with– chakiwsky, both graduates of Notre ments in the cases of three Ukrainian Ukraine.' out the participation and consideration Dame. philosophers now serving sentences Until recently, there has been little in of the views of the primary party "They differ from many of the in labor camps." the Soviet media to suggest that events organization as the political nucleus of older Ukrainian Americans whose in Poland have had any specific impact the workers' collective."6 interests lie deeper in the past," wrote in the Sun article, Mr. Kumpa on social or economic policies in U– Presumably, all of these references Mr. Kumpa. "They don4 dwell on goes on to distinguish between U– kraine. in mid–April, however, Boris are to one and the same decree. The fact Captive Nations proclamations or krainians and Russians, and briefly Kachura, first secretary of the Donetsk that it was adopted in October 1980, dream of the improbable violent mentions the size and demographics О blast Party Committee, revealed in an raises interesting questions about whe– revolution that will throw off the of the Ukrainian community in interview in Trud that the Central ther or not it may have been connected shackless of Soviet rule." the diaspora. He also discusses the Committee of the Ukrainian Party had with the strikes and demonstrations Mr. Kumpa calls them "pragmatic Soviet nationalities question, noting "recently formulated measures for that were reported to have taken place activists" who work within establish– that Russians are outnumbered by further improving party leadership of in Estonia at approximately the same ed channels to promote the Ukrai– dozens of other nationalities. the trade unions and strengthening their 7 2 time. nian cause. "The impression one gets from cases." Mr. Kachura went on to say that, "They support movements like the reading the publications of Smolo– as a result, the Donetsk party organiza– The work of republican trade-union boycott of the Moscow Olympics," skyp is that the Soviet Union suffers tion was examining how it might be organizations was examined by the wrote Mr. Kumpa. "They have tra– from a terminal illness: spreading possible "to increase the role of trade- Politburo of the Ukrainian Party on veled far to battle for their cause, nationalism like that of the Ukrai– union organizations in resolving social June 2 in a discussion with leading from Hawaii to lobby at the World, nians," concluded Mr. Kumpa. "For problems as one of the most important functionaries of the Ukrainian Council Congress of Psychiatrists against the suppressed millions, one hopes that tasks in implementing party policies the of Trade Unions, republican trade- well-documented Soviet practice of this is the case." aim of which is to improve the well- union committees, and the 25 being of the Soviet people and to satisfy oblast and the Kiev city trade-union more fully the material and spiritual councils. The meeting considered pro– 3 Soviet authorities crack down needs of the workers." blems of worker discipline, the im– in the past two months there have provement of working conditions, the been further indications that the Ukrai– organization of food supplies, and on literature smuggling operation nian Party leadership has been concern– stricter enforcement of labor legjsla– ing itself with worker-related issues and tion. At the same time, unspecified ORANGE, Calif. - A wild, late- various parts of the Soviet Union, the activities of the trade unions in the trade-union organizations were subject– night chase involving Soviet police and which, according to the Moldavian republic. Perhaps the most important of ed to criticism for lack of initiative and two trucks loaded with 46,000 Christian paper, indicate that Mr. Oselsky was a them was the statement made by Ukrai– failure to exercise their extensive rights.8 books, tapes and clothing, in Soviet key link in the smuggling chain. nian First Secretary viadimir Shcher– Moldavia last year,has led to the trials of Keston News has learned that bitsky during his speech at the Central On the following day, the 10th vasiliy Tashka, the driver of one of the Messrs. Tashka's and Oselsky's activi– Committee plenum of July 22: Plenum of the Ukrainian Council of trucks, and ivan Oselsky, the alleged ties were part of a large smuggling "Last October the Central Commit– Trade Unions convened in Kiev, and mastermind of the smuggling operation, operation with connections in Ruma– tee of the Communist Party of these same issues were again discussed, reported Keston News. nia. Christian literature in Russian was Ukraine approved measures for further in addition, numerous trade-union They were sentenced early this year to being transported through Rumania for improving the work of primary party councils and committees, together with three and five years in a labor camp, smuggling across the Rumanian border organizations and strengthening their several republican ministries, were respectively. to Soviet Moldavia. Rumanian authori– influence on the life and activity of singled out and criticized for, among The story of the escapade and the– ties cracked down on the operation last workers' collectives."4 other things, their failure to improve trials of the two Soviet Baptists appear– year, arresting five Rumanian Chris– working conditions and their neglect of tians. Further on in his speech, he added ed in four separate articles in the Soviet that "the center of gravity of all educa– the everyday needs of workers. Perhaps paper Sovietskaia Moldavia. Keston believes that the seizing of the tional work must be focused on the the most interesting aspect of the The chase began when the police truck and the arrests of Messrs. Tashka workers' collective, particularly at the stopped a truck for a routine check on and Oselsky were part of a crackdown primary level." Earlier, at a republican (Continued on page 13) the highway between Dubossary and jointly undertaken by Rumanian and Kishinev in Moldavia. While policemen Soviet forces to thwart the influx of were examining the contents of the religious materials into the Soviet truck, which included cassettes, books Union.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ and pamphlets, a second truck ap– proached. When it failed to stop, the Five Pentecostals police gave chase, allowing the first Ukrainian WeeklY truck to escape. Soviet officials claim it sentenced for slander FOUNDED 1933 was later found in Byelorussia. Mr. NEW YORK - A court in Ukraine Ukrainian weekly newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a Tashka, the driver of the second truck, sentenced five Soviet Pentecostals to fraternal oon profit association, at 30 Montgomery St.. Jersey City, NJ 07302 was apprehended. labor camp and exile terms on July 17, The Moldavian newspaper has des– reported United Press international. Telephone: cribed the material seized from the Sentenced to five years in a labor truck as contraband, and attacks the camp to be followed by five years' Svoboda (201) 434-0237. 4340807 UNA (201) 451-2200 content of the confiscated books and internal exile were ivan Khabura, Pavlo, (212) 227-4125 (212) 227-5250 literature as anti-Soviet, it also accuses Pavliuk, Semen Tkachenko and Leonid Baptists in the West, specifically the Lytvynenko. Yearly subsription rate - S8: UNA members - S5. Friedenstimme Mission, an organiza– The fifth defendant, Arnold Tama– tion of Soviet emigre Baptists living in renko, was sentenced to three years in a Postmaster, send address changes to West Germany, of coordinating the labor camp to be followed by three THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY smuggling activities. years' internal exile. Editor: Roma Sochan Hadzewycz P0 Box 346 Assistant editors: lka Koznarska Casanova Among the items confiscated at Mr. All five Pentecostals were charged Jersey City. NJ 07303 Oselsky's home were smuggled printing with slandering the Soviet state, accord– George Bohdan Zarycky equipment and a list of contacts in ing to UP1. No.34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23,1981 з Sen. Sarbanes issues statement Canada's multiculturalism office on Helsinki Accords anniversary announces expanded program WASHINGTON - Sen. Paul s. The full text of the statement follows. OTTAWA - The Multiculturalism and published a reference book on Directorate, a part of Canada's Depart– ethnic groups and a series of ethnic Sarbanes of Maryland recently issued a Statement statement on the occasion of the sixth ment of the Secretary of State, has histories. anniversary of the Helsinki Accords in unveiled a program to develop multi- Under the literary program, books which he underscored the importance of Six years have passed since the cultural resources in order to increase have been published in Ukrainian, the principles laid down in Helsinki in signing of the Helsinki Final Act. Since Canadian awareness of the country's Chinese, German, Hungarian, Polish, 1975 and what he called the "urgent that historic event took place, much has cultural pluralism and to make the Punjabi aqd many other languages as challenge of translating those principles been accomplished worldwide to ensure concept of multiculturalism more rele– well. into reality." respect for fundamental human rights. vant to society, according to a recent Grants have also been awarded to The senator paid tribute in his state– But the achievements of the past six issue of Cultures Canada, the directo– translate creative works into English ment to the many Ukrainians, including years, important and gratifying as they rate's official newsletter. and French. For example, Josef Skvo– valentyn Moroz, Lev Lukianenko, and are in themselves, must now serve as our The director of the Multiculturalism recky's "The Story of the Engineer of the Mykola and Raisa Rudenko, who guideline to the future, underscoring Directorate is Orest Kruhlak, who said Human Soul" has been translated from risked life and liberty in defense of both the importance of the great human- in a speech last year that Canada the Czech and will soon be published, human rights. rights principles laid down at Helsinki "cannot continue to pretend to be a in addition, financial assistance has and the urgent challenge of translating nation if we deny our contemporary been granted to writers, of both adult those principles into reality. pluralistic character." and children's literature, who use the Heinz is first senator to join The directorate's program, which official languages to convey specific includes initiating, supporting and cultural experiences. ad-hoc committee on Ukraine in our efforts on behalf of human funding of publishing projects, audio- Publications in this category include rights we find leadership and inspiration visual displays and conferences relating Adele Wiseman's "Old Woman at PHILADELPHIA - Sen. John in those who, at great personal cost, to Canada's cultural heritage, has three Play," describing a Ukrainian-Jewish Heinz (R-Pa.) became the first U.S. have lived courageously by the princi– experience in Winnipeg in the 1920s. senator to join the ad-hoc Committee ples which they espouse, in some cases The directorate has also commission– on Ukraine and the Baltic States. — valentyn Moroz, Lev Lukianenko, Multiculturalism '5 1 Oth ed a multicultural anthology of original Sen.Heinz,who is known for his Mykola and Raisa Rudenko — their stories and poems for children age 8 to commitment to Ukrainian rights, joined Multiculturalism as an actively names are well-known to us; in other pursued national policycelebrates its 12 to be published this year. the committee after members of the cases they are not. On this day it is Other literary projects include the Ukrainian Human Rights Committee 10th anniversary this year with more appropriate to pay particular tribute to programs than ever to promote the collection of detailed information on from Philadelphia visited him in Wasb– the many, many Ukrainians who have the writers and literary activity of as ington and asked that he join the preservation and sharing of the risked life and liberty to defend not just cultural heritages in Canada. many cultural groups as possible. committee. their own individual rights against The federal government's commit– Under the educational resource pro- The senator's membership in the oppression but others' as well. gram, the directorate has sponsored committee now gives the ad-hoc com– ment to a policy of multiculturalism was announced by Prime Minister conferences to promote multicultura– mittee representation in both the House lism in the school system, such as the and the Senate. The bicameral aspect of Support from an outraged world Pierre E. Trudeau in the House of Commons on October 8, 1971, and Canadian Teachers' Federation confe– the committee will facilitate various community brings strength and encour– rence in Toronto last year. actions which are of concern to the agement and hope to the victims of supported by all leaders of the oppo– sition. The policy was developed in The program is also involved in Ukrainian community. oppression. І want to take this oppor– initiating supplementary reading mate- tunity to salute the valiant Ukrainian response to the Report of the Royal it must be noted that the ad-hoc rial and audiovisuals on related topics. committee was conceived by Rep. community which has always been in Commission on Bilingualism and the forefront of the efforts to secure Biculturalism which recommended A grant was given to James Lorimer Charles Dougherty (R-Pa.) at the and Co., one of several awarded to request of the members of the Ukrai– human rights against all forms of ways to preserve and reinforce the oppression and is working tirelessly for other cultures of Canada within a different publishing houses, to publish a nian Human Rights Committee and the teacher's guide for a series of books Baits, both groups which worked in the the day when the great principles of bilingual context. Helsinki shall indeed be universally Canada's multicultural policy is designed as reading supplements for re-election campaign of Rep. Dou– grade three and four students. gherty. honored and observed. administered by the secretary of state's Multiculturalism Directorate. Other projects include a handbook The directorate funds programs for teachers on the topic of multicul– Ethnic leaders host farewell breakfast which reflect and promote cultural turalism and art which is current'y heritages. being prepared by Naz Ashraf, and a series of film strips showing the cultural for lsraeli consul general in Chicago major, though not entirely independent background of certain sports. CH1CAGO - Ukrainian community breakfast were members of a Chicago divisions: the literary, educational and Under the historical program, a series activist Luba Toloczko-Markewycz, a multi-ethnic delegation , sponsored by historical. of ethnic histories, titled "Generations: teacher at the LaSalle Language Aca– Mr. Gilboa, that visited israel earlier The literary program encourages the A History of Canada's Peoples," has demy here and vice president of the this year. The leaders presented the writing, publishing and translating of been commissioned to encourage a– Ukrainian institute of Modern Art, was consul general with a glass-sculpted works in Canada's non-official lan– wareness of the contributions of Cana– among the Chicago-area ethnic leaders unicorn to thank him for organizing the guages. The educational resources da's cultural groups. who hosted a farewell breakfast for multi-ethnic mission and to show their program sponsors conferences to pro- Seven volumes published so far in lsraeli Consul General Moshe Gilboa appreciation for his work with Chi– mote multiculturalism and supplies this series include the Japanese, Polish, and his wife, Ayala, on Tuesday, July cago's ethnic communities. reading materials and audiovisuals on Arab, Scottish, Greek, Norwegian and 21, in the Terrace Room of the Ceil Bleu Mr. Gilboa is returning to israel after multicultural topics to schools. The Portuguese experiences. Sixteen more Restaurant, Mayfair Regent Hotel. serving more than a year as consul historical program has so far compiled histories are in progress. The ethnic leaders attending the general in Chicago. Ukrainian Baptist youths plan to send Bibles to Ukraine ELMHURST, Hi. - The Ukrainian during a special offering at the annual Baptist Youth Association of the United youth rally in Minneapolis in July. States has obtained 600 Bibles and 47 Other donations came from across the books so far this year as part of "Project country in response to appeals in the Ukraine" to send Christian literature to association's newsletters. Ukraine. "Ukrainian Baptist young people in in addition, the association has the United States realize the importance collected more than 52,000 to pay of getting God's word to the brethren in transporting costs for getting the Bibles Ukraine, where persecution abounds at and books to Ukraine where there is a the hands of the government," said Mr. great scarcity, according to Alex Har– Harbuziuk. buziuk, association president. "We know that in most churches not All of the Bibles and books include even half the membership have their commentaries, Bible handbooks and own Bibles and most pastors do without doctrinal topics geared especially to Bible study aids," he said. pastors who do not have the benefit of "We trust that these materials will Pictured (from left) are Edwin Cndecki, director of foreign languages for the seminary training, which is prohibited find their way through channels to the Chicago Public Schools; virginia Cudecki, a Chicago public school teacher; in Ukraine. scripture-starved people of Ukraine," Consul General and Mrs. Gilboa and Luba Toloczko-Markewycz. Of the money, S945 was collected Mr. Harbuziuk said. 4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23, i98i N0.34 Ukrainian physician is among pioneers Obituaries of surgical technique for scoliosis Ulana Celewych-Steciuk, community activist TORONTO - Dr. Walter Bobechko, sity in 1959 and a F.R.C.S. in orthope– CHICAGO - uiana ceiewych– chief orthopedic surgeon at Toronto's dic surgery in 1963. Besides his duties as Steciuk, acting president of the Wo– well-known Sick Children's Hospital, is head of orthopedic surgery at the men's Association for the Defense of one of the pioneers of a new surgical children's hospital, Dr. Bobechko is Four Freedoms for Ukraine and vice technique that provides a quick and associate professor of surgery at the president of the World Federation of painless cure for scoliosis, commonly University of Toronto. Ukrainian Women's Organizations, known as curvature of the spine, report– During his career, Dr. Bobechko has died here following a protracted illness ed a recent issue of New Perspectives, a received many awards and fellowships, on Wednesday, August 18. Ukrainian Canadian monthly publish– and is a member of various medical Mrs. Celewych-Steciuk was a mem– ed here. associations. His development of hip ber of the Organization of Ukrainian Before the new technique was deve– braces for crippled children was honored Nationalists and its advance groups, the loped, doctors relied on the so-called with a special Australian postage stamp Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations as well Harrington procedure, a painful and in 1972. He is a consultant to various as many other political, community and time-consuming cure developed by hospitals in Ontario and throughout the professional organizations. She served Dallas surgeons three decades ago. world. as vice president of the Organization for the Defense of Four Freedoms for "With the old method, patients had to His major medical interests are Ukraine. be in a cast eight to nine months, pediatric orthopedic surgery and re- A parastas was held Thursday, Au– whereas now they can walk 15 minutes search; electronics in medicine; scoliosis gust 20, at the Muzyka Funeral Home. following the operation," Dr. Bobechko and spinal surgery; underwater medi– The funeral took place Friday, August told New Persepectives. cine; and long-term effects of radiation 21. Ulana Celewych-Steciuk Nearly 10 percent of all youngsters exposure on scoliosis patients. develop the spinal condition, mostly Dr. Bobechko has been the author of girls. The new technique devised by various publications in his field, includ– Lesia Lysak-Tywoniuk, writer Dr. Bobechko and his associates in– ing the recent publication "Electrical volves a four-hour operation in which Stimulation: A New Approach to Sco– Mrs. Lysak worked closely with the muscle is removed from the spine, liosis Treatment," which he cc-author– Ukrainian press as a long-time corres– vertebrae are fused and a series of ed with H.G. Friedman, M.A. Herbert pondent for Svoboda and the magazines stainless steel clippings are inserted into and N.C. McCollough. Nashe Zhyttia, Zhinochyi Svit and place. The breakthrough marks the Promin, among others. She was a culmination of 12 years' work. The father of five daughters, Dr. member of the Ukrainian Journalists' Dr. Bobechko was born in Toronto in Bobechko is president of the Bobechko Association of America as well as of 1932, the son of Peter and Lida (nee Foundation, member of St. viadimir numerous women's and community Kubas) Bobechko, who emigrated to institute, and his wife, Mary, was until organizations. Canada from Lviv, Ukraine, in the last year principal of the North Toronto 1920s. He received his M.D. at the Ukrainian School Group at Lawrence Mrs. Lysak was born on April 14, University of Toronto in 1957, followed Park Collegiate, New Perspectives 1927, in vyrliv, Ukraine. Upon com– by a bachelor's of science at the univer– reported. pleting her education in Peremyshl, she was associated with the drama studio of Josyf Hirniak. Mrs. Lysak emigrated to University of Manitoba announces the United States in 1949. Mrs. Lysak's first book, titled Ter– fall schedule for Ukrainian courses pki Pakhoshchi," appeared as a publi– cation of the Svoboda Press in 1969. W1NN1PEG - The University of difficulty and write a simple composi– Among her other books are "Sribna Manitoba department of Slavic studies tion on a topic of his; her interest. Madonna," "Zamok na vulytsi Main" and the Continuing Education Division Prerequisite: 52.091, or Ukrainian 300 and "Stezhka do Domu." have recently announced the schedule or written consent of department head. of Ukrainian courses to be offered Lesia Lysak-Tywoniuk A parastas service was held on Thurs– during the 1981-82 academic year. instructor. Natalia Pylypiuk; Time day, August 13, at the Olha Slotiuk and place: Tuesday evening, 7-Ю p.m., BUFFALO, N.Y. - Lesia Lysak- Funeral Home in Buffalo. The funeral Plast Ukrainian Youth Association, 623 Tywoniuk, writer and journalist, died in was held on Friday, August 14, from St. The courses are open to any full– or Flora Ave.; Commencing September a car accident near New Market. Ont., Nicholas Church in Buffalo to the Holy part-time university student or anyone 17. who has not previously registered for a on Saturday, August 8. Cross Cemetery in Lackawanna, N.Y. course with the University of Manitoba ' 52.255: introduction to Ukrainian but has completed senior matriculation Literature (6 credits). This course is or is at least 21 years old. The courses designed to give students a general Pittsburgh U. offers Ukrainian courses may be taken for credit toward a degree overview of the historical development PITTSBURGH - students wishing through its cross-registration program, or they may be audited. of Ukrainian literature from the 11th to whereby students can register for the the 20th centuries and to introduce to register for the Ukrainian-language course at the University of Pittsburgh Ukrainian course at their university or e 52.091: introductory Ukrainian (6 them to the rudiments of literary analy– college and attend the class at the credits). This course is designed pri– sis and criticism. Students will read major for the 1981-82 fall semester may do so on September 2. The university has University of Pittsburgh. marily for persons with no previous works from various periods both in the Students who register for the course knowledge of the language. Although original and in translation. Lectures will been offering the course for five years. in addition to the four-credit course, are eligible for scholarships offered by the basic points of grammer will be place the literature within a broad con- the Ukrainian Technological Associa– covered, the emphasis will be on achiev– text of the cultural history. Emphasis is students may enroll in an independent study program worth three credits. tion in Pittsburgh. ing oral fluency through informal placed on giving the students an insight For scholarship application forms conversation and drills, in addition, into some of the theoretical and practi– Classes begin on September 3 and the final date for course changes is Septem– and additional information contact the there will be readings in Ukrainian and cal problems facing Ukrainian litera– Slavic studies department at 624-5906 elementary compositions. There is no ture. Among the topics to be discussed: ber 17. The university also accepts students or the course instructor, Ms. K.. Dow– prerequisite for the course. Christianization and literacy; the lan– benko. guage question in Ukrainian literature; from other city colleges and universites instructor Alexandra Pawlowsky; the significance of Taras Shevchenko Time and place: Mondays and Thurs– for Ukrainian literature; Russian cen– day, 7-9:30 p.m.. The Ukrainian Cul– sorship and Ukrainian literature; Popu– Chicagoans discuss Ukrainian studies center tural St. Educational Center, 184 Alex– list and Modernist views of literature. ander Ave. East; commencing Septem– Prerequisite: 52.125 or written consent CH1CAGO - An informative ses– char and committee members ihor ber 14. of department head. sion on the projected Center of Ukrai– vyslovsky and Roman Mytsyk. nian Studies at Hlinois State Univer– The session consisted of a slide sity, organized by an ad-hoc committee, presentation and an impromptu confe– " 52.125: intermediate Ukrainian (6 instructor Oleh S. ilnytzkyj; Time credits). A complete basic course for was held for the Ukrainian community rence, of Dean Dwinger and the com– and place: Wednesday evening, 7-Ю at large here on July 14. mittee members. students with an elementary knowledge p.m., Plast Ukrainian Youth Associa– of Ukrainian. The course begins with a The Ukrainian courses at the univer– tion, 623 Flora Ave.; commencing thorough review of the fundamentals At the invitation of Dr. Nicholas sity are to be part of the B.A. program September 16. covered in 52.091 and proceeds to give Moravzevich, head of the university's of studies and are envisioned as working the student a grasp of other basic For further information concerning Slavic department, the following uni– in cooperation with the Harvard Ukrai– grammatical structures. Emphasis is the courses or registration eligibility versity dignitaries took part in the nian Research institute. placed on speaking the language. At the contact the department of Slavic studies evening: Dean Dwinger, Chancellor Further information about the courses end of the year students should be able at 474-9370; or the off-campus coor– Riddell and vice-Chancellor Johnson. is available at the university or from the to understand and conduct an everyday dinator for continuing education at 474- Among the other participants were Self-Reliance Federal Credit Union in conversation, read material of average 9921. Prof. Bohdan Rubchak, Prof. M. Ku– Chicago. No.34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23, i98i 5

The celebration of the 90th anniver– centuries, except for the brief interval of sary of Ukrainian settlement in Canada RE 90th anniversary of settlement the Ukrainian state, (1917-21). Ukrai– should remind Canadians that Ukrai– nian freedom and democracy were nians have deep roots in this country. destroyed by the false propaganda and When the first Ukrainian settlers, iwan and Ukrainian contributions to Canada military forces of the Soviet Russian Pylypiw and Wasyl Eleniak first set foot by Sen. Paul Ynxyk Communist dictatorship, which has in "the promised land" in September become the largest colonial power in the 1891, which soon stimulated the mass To date, there have been 89 Ukrai– sive Conservative, a barrister from world, having designs upon Canada. immigration and settlement of Ukrai– nian members of the provincial legisla– Saskatoon (1958-67); this writer (Paul Ever aware of the catastrophe that nians in our country, it was 24 years tive assemblies, some having been re- Yuzyk), professor of history in Winni– befell Ukraine, the Ukrainian Cana– after the Confederation had made elected many times, and many of whom peg, since 1963; John Ewasew, barrister dians have constantly been alerting the Canada a state of six years after the have served as cabinet ministers. The of Montreal, a Liberal, (1976-78); and public and informing the Canadian completion of the Canadian Pacific first parliamentarian of Ukrainian Martha Bielish, a teacher and farmer, a government that Soviet Russian Com– Railway, which united the new Cana– origin to be elected in Canada was Progressive Conservative from War- munism is engaged in subtly undermin– dian West with eastern Canada, it was William Shandro, in 1913, as a Liberal spite, Alta. ing our democratic institutions and the vigorous campaign of the Canadian for the vegreville constituency to the freedom, as was disclosed by the former government, together with the CPR. Alberta Legislative Assembly. The first Thus at the time of the 90th anniver– Soviet agent, ihor Gouzenko after that lured the Ukrainian peasants from Ukrainian woman legislator was a sary of Ukrainian settlement in Canada, World War H. Canadians are warned Galicia and Bukovyna, attracting near– lawyer, Mary Batten (nee Fodchuk), a the Ukrainians have a roster of 89 that constant vigilance is necessary in ly 200,000 before World War 1. They Liberal from Humboldt, Sask., provincial members, 26 federal mem– order to preserve OUT way of life. The settled for the most part on virgin soil in (1956-64), who subsequently became a ber and five senators, for a total of 120 defense of freedom and democracy the wilderness of Manitoba, Saskatche– judge. A record in parliamentary service parliamentarians. must always be the cornerstone of wan and Alberta, bringing under culti– was established by Nicholas v. Bachyn– A very significant achievement in the Canadian foreign policy, in which, vation millions of acres of land, civiliza– sky, first elected in 1922 in the Mani– political sphere was the appointment of because of their background, the Ukrai– tion and prosperity to these vast re– toba riding of Fisher, which he served as Dr. Stephen Worobetz, a physician nian Canadians are playing an increas– gions. These pioneers and their descen– a Liberal for 34 years; for several years from Saskatoon, as the lieutenant- ing role; for several years delegations to dants, who today number about three- he was deputy-speaker and the last two governor of Saskatchewan (1969-76). the United Nations and NATO have quarters of a million, have subsequently years speaker of the provincial house, Prime Minister Trudeau stated that this included them as members. f made significant contributions to every retiring in 1956. was a tribute to the Ukrainians for their aspect of Canadian life. Together with contributions to Canada. The mission of the Ukrainian Cana– the Anglo-Celts and the French, the dians also includes the perpetuation of Ukrainians are co-builders of western So far, there have been 19 provincial Service to the country ministers of Ukrainian ancestry from the consciousness of cultural values in Canada. the development of the Canadian na– Saskatchewan, Alberta, Manitoba and As Canadians of Ukrainian origin tion. Their fate is bound with the fate of in the short time at my disposal, it" Ontario. John Yaremko, a Toronto have been graduating from colleges, the non-British and non-French ele– will not be possible for me to present an barrister, has the longest record, having universities, technical and vocational ment of the Canadian popul?'ion, adequate account of the achievements been, successively, minister of trans- schools, and other educational institu– known often as the "third element," of this dynamic ethno-cultural group in port, citizenship, provincial secretary, tions, they have been increasingly which today forms almost one-third of all walks of Canadian life. Anyone who public welfare and solicitor general in entering the administrative branches of the Canadian population. The melting- is interested can find the information in the Conservative government of On– the federal, provincial and municipal pot theory with its colorless unifor– several books, published in English. tario from 1958 to 1974. governments. Being about 85 percent mity has been rejected by Canadian Today, 1 shall confine my remarks to Canadian-born, producing many ex– governments for a "mosaic-type" of the achievements in the political and At present there are five provincial cellent students for over three genera– Canadian culture, based on the volun– military spheres. cabinet ministers: Nick Leluk, recently tions and having highly qualified spe– tary integration of the best elements of appointed minister of correctional cialists among the newcomers, they are involvement in politics the culture of each of the ethnic groups, services in the Ontario Conservative found in almost every department of the as partners. This is the multicultural government; Roy Romanow, attorney- federal and provincial civil services and Perhaps the most important criterion concept of the Canadian nation, which general and deputy premier in the government bodies, it would be a long of the integration of any group into was recognized by the 1 federal govern– Saskatchewan NDP government (to– list if all the judges, magistrates and top Canadian society and life is its active ment and Parliament on October 8, gether with the Federal Minister of civil servants were named. participation in politics and public life, 1971, and by several provincial govern– in this respect the Ukrainians are far in Justice Jean Chretien, a French Cana– The real test of loyalty and active ments, notably Alberta. This identity advance of many other ethnic groups. dian, he recently represented the pro– vinces in the constitutional debate in citizenship is brought out when a maintains the dignity of the individual This can be explained by at least four and the ethnic group, assuring the unity factors; their tour of Canada, - (the press dubb– country finds itself in a crisis or at war. ed them "the toque and Uketeam,") and An estimated 10,000 (a high percentage) of the country, it is as leaders and part the following in the Alberta Conserva– were in the ranks of the Canadian army of the "third element" that the Ukrai– nian Canadians will continue to make 1) The Ukrainians settled in compact tive government: Julian J.G. Koziak, during the World War 1; many gave important contributions tc Canada. communities in the rural areas, and minister of consumer and corporate their lives for their adopted country, generally in towns and cities, thus being affairs; Peter Trynchy, minister of and Philip Konowal received the high– in strong position to elect their own Of the various expressions about the recreation and parks; and W. Bill est award for valor in the British concept of the Canadian nation, the candidates; 2) in Ukraine, they had been Diachuk, minister responsible for Commonwealth, the victoria Cross. words of the late Prime Minister John oppressed by foreign rule, which mani– workers' health, safety and compensa– During World War H, the Ukrainians G. Diefenbaker, a staunch friend and pulatedelections and deprived them of tion. were no longer regarded with suspicion, defender of the rights of the Ukrainians representation in Parliament; here they but as full-fledged Canadian citizens; in Canada and the freedom of Ukraine, possessed complete freedom and the Representation of Ukrainians in over 40,000, predominantly Canadian- ring out unforgettably: opportunities were open to them; 3) federal politics was not achieved until born, served in the Canadian Army, They were anxious to prove that they 1925, when Michael Luchkowich, an Navy and Air Force, which was a "1 liken Canada to a garden ... A were active, rather than passive, citizens American-born teacher, was elected to proportionately higher number than the mosaic is a static thing with each in politics; and 4) Discrimination and represent the vegreville constituency in Canadian average; among them were element separate and divided from prejudices demonstrated by some seg– Alberta. Since that time 26 Ukrainians many officers, NCOs and winners of others. Canada is not that kind of ments of the British populations served have served in the House of Commons. medals for bravery, thousands having country. Neither is it a melting-pot in to spur them to political activity and Of these, four have attained cabinet paid the supreme sacrifice. Being an which the individuality of each element participation in municipal, provincial portfolios: Michael Starr, former ma– integral part of the Canadian popula– is destroyed in order to produce a new and federal elections. yor and businessman of Oshawa, Ont., tion, Ukrainian Canadians participated and totally different element, it is rather served as minister of labor from with the Canadian forces fighting in the a garden into which has been trans- 1957 to 1963 in the Conservative go– The Ukrainians first started at the Korean War and are active in the planted the hardiest and brightest vernment of Prime Minister John G. lowest rung of the political ladder, in military forces wherever they serve flowers from many lands, each retaining Diefenbaker; Norman A. Cafik, a municipal affairs, which was a school Canada in defense of freedom, demo– in its new environment the best of the publisher, of Pickering, Ont., was for higher politics. The first Ukrainian cracy and peace. qualities for which it was loved and minister of state responsible for multi– reeve was elected in 1908; he was 1 van prized in its native land". Storoschuk for the Stuartburn Munici– culturalism (1977 - 7?) in the Liberal Mission of Ukrainian Canadians pality in southeastern Manitoba. Ever government of Prime Minister P.E. since, they have been electing hundreds Trudeau; Ramon J. Hnatyshyn, son of Ninety years ago the Ukrainians One of these hardy and colorful of reeves and councillors in many of the a senator, a barrister, of Saskatoon was came to this land of freedom. Having flowers that has taken firm root in the municipalities of Manitoba, Saskatche– minister of energy, mines and resources; faith in God and in Canada, they have Canadian garden has come from U– wan, Alberta and British Columbia, as and Steven E. Paproski, a sales mana– given their best, as constructive citizens, kraine. On the occasion of the 90th well as Ontario. Besides aldermen and ger, of Edmonton, was minister of state to make Canada a greater and a better a nniversary of Ukrainian settlement in school trustees in several cities in of fitness and amateur sport and multi– place to live in. Above all, the Ukrainian Canada, we pay tribute to and salute the Canada, several Ukrainian Canadians culturalism in the Conservative govern– Canadians cherish the freedom and pioneers who have planted this flourish– have been elected as mayors, e.g. ment of Prime Minister Joe Clark in democracy of this country, which their ing flower,adding beauty to Canada and William Hawrelak of Edmonton, who 1979. compatriots in the land of their origin, bringing happiness to millions of Cana– in 1956 was president of the Canadian Ukraine, have not enjoyed for over two dian citizens. Federation of Mayors; Stephen Juba of There have been five members to the Winnipeg, elected 10 times, twice by Canadian Senate, the first Being Wil– acclamation; Michael Patrick of Wind– !iam M. Wall (Wolochatiuk), a Liberal, sor, Ont.; Peter Retuski of Kenora, a high school principal from Winnipeg Share The Weekly with a friend Ont.; and others. (1955-62); John Hnatyshyn, Progres– THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23,1981 No.34 Leter to the editor Concern about plight of Rudenkos Dear Editor growing interest and concern among the Ukrainian Weelcly With the sixth anniversary on August American public and governmental 1 of the signing of the Helsinki Final Act leaders. Rep. Millicent Fenwick (R– having slipped by unnoticed by many, N.J.) initiated a letter to Soviet Chair- The Polovchak imbroglio and the Madrid Conference on Security man Leonid Brezhnev on Mr. Ruden– and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) ko's behalf in March 1981. Sixty-seven having adjourned with no appreciable additional members of Congress joined progress made in the human-rights her in signing the letter asking for Mr. in a recent editorial long on haughtiness and incredibly short on field, the intensified suppression of Rudenko's release from hard labor, sense, The New York Times came to the rather facile conclusion that human rights and its champions in transfer to a proper medical facility, and the nub of the Polovchak case is purely domestic in character and Ukraine requires increased and urgent permission to travel to the United States should not be clouded by any political or ideological trappings, it went attention. for intensive medical care. Disturbed by on to praise the U.S. Justice Department for washing its hands of the Fortunately, through world-wide the recent disappearance of Raisa affair, and implicitly gave the nod to the American Civil Liberties appeals by Amnesty international and Rudenko and wary of Soviet official Union for defending the Polovchaks in what has become a complex the joint efforts of the Americans for silence, 26 senators and 35 congressmen legal tug-of-war to determine whether 13-year-old Walter can remain Human Rights in Ukraine (AHRU), its joined Sen. Alfonse D'Amato in send– ing another appeal letter to Soviet in this country or be forcibly repatriated to the Soviet Union. sister organizations and cooperating societies, there has been an increase in officials. To fully appreciate the sapheaded reasoning of the editorial and, for the number and vigor of voices raised in The latest information shows that that matter, the ACLU, here is an excerpt: "Besides complaining about defense of the advocates of human Mrs. Rudenko was, in fact, arrested by the difficulties in Chicago, Walter's father complained bitterly about rights, particularly Mykola Rudenko. the KGB for the sole reason of being the his nephew's efforts to lure the children from their parents, introducing Mr. Rudenko, Ukrainian poet and wife of Mykola Rudenko. As several them to American teenage life and the Baptist Church. This was author, disabled World War H veteran, congressmen pointed out on the floor of particularly dismaying to the older Polovchaks, devout Catholics. Nobel Peace Prize nominee, member of the House, this deed is illustrative of the ('Ukramian Catholics,' says a lawyer for the parents, 'look upon the Soviet chapter of Amnesty interna– lowest depths to which the Soviet American Baptists about the way we look upon the Moonies.")" tional and organizer of the Ukrainian government has sunk and is a sad Then there was this astute observation: "And 13-year-old Walter, as Public Helsinki Watch Group, has been commentary on its values. any parent can testify, is at an age that richly enjoys the role of pain in languishing in the Mordovian ASSR This latest infamy gives an added challenge and responsibility to which the neck." The degage flippancy of the last statement speaks for itself. strict-regimen labor camp since Septem– ber, 1977. He is gravely ill and in dire AHRU's efforts are being directed. We But first, to the initial point raised in the excerpt. need of medical care. call upon persons of concern to com– municate with AHRU, 43 Midland For one thing, Walter is not an "American Baptist." His guardian AHRU has been in communication with President Ronald Reagan, Secre– Place., Newark,N.J. 07106 for informa– belongs to a Ukrainian Baptist Church in Chicago. Moreover, tary of State Alexander Haig, Jr., and tion regarding the role that they might Walter's parents may indeed be "devout Catholics," but as the Times members of both houses of Congress, play in defending Raisa and Mykola and the ACLU must (or should) know, the Ukrainian Catholic Church asking them to use their good offices in Rudenko and other persecuted Ukrai– is outlawed in the Soviet Union. The point is, of course, that if the Mr. Rudenko's defense, in addition, nians. Polovchaks publicly avowed their staunch Catholicism in the USSR thousands of petitions have been colkct– WilHamBthrey they would surely be put on a slow train to Siberia. The same is true if ed at many important Ukrainian events. executive director, AHRU Walter, should he be returned to the Soviet Union, openly declared Favorable responses to AHRU's himself a Baptist in a country that has been ruthlessly persecuting pleas have been a welcome sign of Scotch Plains, N.J. Baptists for decades. These, are all relevant but, in a sense, peripheral issues. At the heart of the Polovchak case is the question of whether a 12-year-old child Some Western religious broadcasts has the right, over the objections of his parents, to decide where and how he wants to live. The ACLU, long an advocate of children's rights, criticized by listeners in the Soviet Union has argued that, in this case, the rights of the parents are more important, a curious position given the organization's support of such JERSEY C1TY, N.J. - Jane Ellis, have atheist teaching disproved all the time and be told that God exists. This is statutes as those that permit teenage girls to have abortions without who writes for K,eston College, noted in a recent issue of Liberty, a religion elementary and is already clear to them. parental consent or knowledge. magazine, that although religious believ– They want to proceed from this point to Another question that comes to mind is why, in a country that tries ers in the Soviet Union deeply appre– more advanced ideas." young people, who have chosen to commit violent crimes, as adults, ciate Western religious broadcasts, Of the different radio stations dis– сапЧ a young person rationally decide if he wants to live in a free there is some marked criticism of the cussed, Soviet believers agreed that society or return to a repressive and brutal one? content and style of many of the reli– Radio Liberty was the best, although gious programs. difficult to pick up in Moscow, voice of Clearly, he should be allowed to decide for himself. Speaking on a Keston College, a research organiza– America was unanimously held to be talk show last year, Harry Lipstein, a well-known lawyer and advocate tion that monitors religious freedom in the worst among the group which met of children's rights, noted that the repressive situation in the Soviet Eastern Europe, has begun an extensive with the visitor. The BBC and Deutsche Union, a situation perceived by Walter, should be considered in survey of Christian radio broadcasts Welle were somewhere in the middle. deciding whether the child's welfare is indeed threatened if he returns. into Communist countries, and some of A young Baptist complained that He went on to say that Walter's recognition of the fate that awaits him its preliminary conclusions are very certain Protestant radio broadcasts revealing. should he be sent back is a definite sign of the boy's maturity and were of marginal quality, with terrible Far from being satisfied with merely choirs and inappropriate preaching ability to make responsible decisions. receiving religious broadcasts from the styles. Calling the poor quality "an Surely, the state of illinois must realize that, given the publicity and West, many believers within the Soviet insult to listeners," he, too, agreed that propaganda value of the case in the Soviet Union, Walter's future, Union complain that the programs are the preaching was "too simple, too should he be repatriated, would be unquestionably grim. often overly simplistic or concentrate basic" and that, often, the preacher's As to the ACLU, we wonder what its position would be if say, in the too much on platitudes and too little on highly emotional style was not 1930s, a Jewish family, for whatever reason, wanted to return to Nazi intellectual and theological substance. suited for a Russian audience. Germany, and one of the children decided to remain in the United Ms. Ellis reported that, although Ms. Ellis was quick to point out that States. Would they ignore the political realities of the situation and feedback from listeners was generally most of the criticism was constructive in staunchly defend the parents? Somehow, we highly doubt it. favorable, there were sups that many tone and was not meant to denigrate the Meanwhile, the reportedly "distraught" parents have returned to the believers wished the ingrains were efforts of Western religious broadcasts. more sophisticated and stimulating. "Those who criticize the foreign Soviet Union before the legal proceedings have been completed, and One visitor to Moscow, who met with Christian broadcasts do so because they have been piping accusations to the effect that Walter is being drugged several leading Orthodox intellectuals, feel a priceless opportunity is being by the СІА and is being held here against his will. Such are the clients concluded: "Everyone 1 spoke to said wasted," she reported. the ACLU has chosen to represent. the foreign broadcasts were bad. They felt strongly about it. When 1 asked Truly, the Polovchak case is a legal and diplomatic mess, it now what they would prefer to hear, the La Salle receives grant rests in the hands of the appellate court, and we fervently hope that most frequent answer was 'theology.'" unlike The New York Times and the ACLU, the judges give careful The visitor went on to report that WASHINGTON - Lasaiie college consideration to the political aspects of the case and the real threat of most of the people he spoke with craved of Philadelphia recently received a Si0,604 federal grant from the Depart– reprisals if Walter is returned. "teaching, ideas, intellectual discussion of high order," complaining that they ment of Education for a booklet, "A As to the Justice Department's decision to withdraw political are being fed "platitudes and things they Ukrainian Christmas Story," reported asylum status should the courts decide that Walter's place is with his already know." The Washington Post. parents, we can only say that it indicates a craven exercise of political "The believers were in need of more The grant was part of several given expediency; a sellout, pure and simple. advanced teaching," the visitor to out and which will be used to further the Moscow reported. "They do not need to study of this nation's ethnic heritage. No.34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23. i98i 7 On the state of contemporary Ukrainian church art and architecture 11 repetitive basis and by the use of pre-fabricated "The Baroque of the Ukraine, though undoubtedly a This is part of an ongoing series of interviews with material and very poor workmanship. Above all, the provincialized version of the universal style, has many prominent Ukrainian architects, artists and clergy on contemporary architecture in Ukraine has a pervasive peculiarities, and even its brash pomposity is infused the state of contemporary Ukrainian church art and stamp of monotony and heaviness, it is marked by a with a distinctly indigenous flavor,"3 and, "Ukrainian architecture. lack of innovation, it is at least a decade behind and Polish influences gradually transformed the whole in examining the state of contemporary Ukrainian Western Europe. Ukrainian motifs are limited to fabric of ecclesiastic civilization" of Russia.1 church architecture, The Weekly seeks to create a decorative elements and are used for the most part in Another author, writing about the subject states that forum for the expression of diverse views and to allow tourist restaurants. Ukrainian innovations, forms and devices of architec– the participants, in a spirit of critical examination and ture changed Russian architecture.4 it is very difficult to talk about the architecture of rethinking, to appraise the state of contemporary American or Canadian architects of Ukrainian Ukrainian church art and architecture as one manifes– descent. We do not have prominent designers, such as in the middle of the 18th century another italian, tation of the state of our culture. the Latvians, Chinese or Germans have. When one Bernardo Meretini, built the well-known St. George's The interviews were conducted by ika Koznarsky talks about Ukrainian architecture in the diaspora one Cathedral in Lviv. This magnificent structure, built on Casanova. really means religious architecture. There is a popular the site of an old romanesque church, has the typically though naive assumption in the Ukrainian American Ukrainian plan and volumes. Ms. Yarwood"describes community that an architect of Ukrainian descent, it as an "interesting blend of italian and Eastern ТНш Hewryk received bachelor of architecture and regardless of his training, experience or talent has to European architectural traditions." master of city planning degrees from Pratt institute in know how to design a "Ukrainian church." І am Brooklyn, N. Y. Since 1967 he has been associated with always amused by this patriotic conviction that full- On uniformity and tradition: the University of Pennsylvania where he is director of blooded Ukrainianarchitectswho studied in Germany facilities development. or the United States, who left Ukraine 35 years ago or We admire the quality of the Byzantine churches of Mr. Hewryk is guest curator for the exhibit titled never saw it at all, and who never studied Ukrainian the Kieyan Rus, the Baroque sobors of the 18th "The Lost Architecture of Kiev" which is planned by architecture, should be able to design the so-called century and the timber churches of the anonymous The Ukrainian Museum in New York for next year. "Ukrainian church." master builders. The more we are assimilated in our adopted countries, the more we desire to demonstrate The end result is that, in the past years, too many to ourselves and our neighbors our patriotism and imitations (and too costly) have been done, until On Ukrainian architecture: attachment to tradition. mediocrity has become the accepted standard. At There are also those who confuse the perpetuation worst, we get good examples of our own Ukrainian Ukrainian architecture is not different from that of of a recognizable architectural style with the preserva– kitsch. One such recent example of a "Ukrainian other peoples in that it reflects the Ukrainian people's tion of the church's traditions, in the end result, we are church" is one adorned on the facades by the all- ideals of what is beautiful and that it is a response to a witnessing a proliferation of interest in historic styles, familiar embroidery patterns, probably borrowed country's climate and geography. "traditional style" and "Ukrainian style." from its kindred printed porcelain. Perhaps the question to be addressed is whether in our search for and. ignorance of the history of there is a contemporary architectural style in accord it is generally conceded that the architecture of any Ukrainian architecture, occasionally we wind up with with the traditions of Ukra;nian culture? given period of history is an accurate index to the a good example of Greek or Russian tradition. The in the current period of "post modernism" in beliefs of the people of that period. This is probably truth of the matter is that we cannot repeat the Ukrainian architecture, many architects are growing restless with true because architecture is the most social of the arts structures of the past or transpose them into the 20th the technologically determined esthetic of contempo– and it does not lie about society's aspirations. century. (The only exception that 1 know is St. John rary architecture, where the same structure could just Consequently, the churches our community builds will the Baptist Church in Hunter, N.Y.). as naturally have been built in Tokyo, Houston or be an authentic expression of the convictions of the era On the other hand, we can clumsily imitate historic Teheran. A good example of this trend is the recently in which we live. What conclusions can be drawn from models or attach such well-known, and familiar inaugurated Aga Khan Award for Architecture, if the churches built by Ukrainians throughout North architectural elements as gilded cupolas to a totally this trend proves anything, it is that there is not an America? unrelated modern structure. There are also Ukrainian international style per se in contemporary architecture As far as Ukraine's architectural tradition is architects who, having a well-tested standard design, but that there are in fact certain regional impulses that concerned, one can simply state that its force has re-use it on a repetitive basis, and depending on the appear to be growing stronger. This does not mean manifested itself through the centuries. Suffice it to budget, add a more or less rich decor to the main two that the new development would attempt to imitate a mention a few instances of the interaction of Ukrainian cupolas. particular country's architectural history literally by architecture with other traditions. For example, when Modernism, where the devices of the past are used in excessively cute imitations of traditional decore or of the italian Renaissance architects traveled through slightly different garb, is one of the problems of our architectural elements. As an example from our own Europe, they could not ignore local traditions in Lviv new churches. Using technology merely to gussy up recent past, one can mention the works of Ukrainian or Kiev, in Lviv, the well-known voloska Church and the old into aberrations of structural exhibitionism is Soviet architects of the 1920 s who attempted to design the adjoining chapel have the typical tri-partite plan of not an answer either. in the contemporary idiom of reinforced concrete and Ukrainian wooden folk churches. British historian it has to be stressed that in the history of Ukrainian at the same time incorporate the architectural Doreen Yarwood describes this church as a "mixture architecture our forefathers adopted new movements - forms of Ukrainian folk architecture. The Kiev of italian Renaissance and Byzantine form. The Romanesque, Gothic, Renaissance and "Jesuit's" railroad station by verbytsky and the Tares Shevchen– domes are byzantine, but the doorway is richly and Baroque, if we were in a free Ukraine today, we would ko Museum in Kaniv by Krychevsky are good beautifully carved in Renaissance style."1 And in Kiev, undoubtedly try to achieve the same effects as our examples of this trend. under the influence of the Ukrainian national ethos, forefathers — working with the materials and methods Renaissance italian architects re-built the Pyrohosh– After decades of social realism, architecture in of our time. cha Church in the Podil section as a Ukrainian version present-day Ukraine reverted back in the 1960s to Each generation must give expression to and using a contemporary idiom, one characterized for the Greek-crosswith five cupolas. Arthur voice in his most part by the extensive use of standard designs on a "The Art and Architecture of Medieval Russia" wrote: (Continued on page 16)

Model of the University of Pennsylvania campus. As director of the department of facilities development, Thus Hewryk is responsible for long-range planning and THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23, i98i N0.34 Soyuzivka begins its Celebration of Youth Festival

by Marta Korduba KERHONKSON, NY. - Soyu– zivka's veseika auditorium is still recuperating from the first event of the Celebration of Youth Festival held Saturday evening, August 15, when vocalist Oksana Tromsa and pianist Oksana Rawluk-Protenic performed before a full-house audience. After- wards the Tempo Orchestra under the direction of ireneus Kowal entertained Soyuzivka guests until the wee hours of the morning. Just hours later, young Ukrainian artists arrived to take part in the first Celebration of Youth Festival, and within moments the disorderly array of unopened boxes, unhung paintings and misplaced hammers and nails was transformed into an exquisite gallery of photography, paintings, fashion and folk art. The exhibit consisted of a variety of works, and each presented a refreshing dose of honesty and a contagious exuberance, imparting to onlookers the confidence that Ukrainian contempo– rary art is indeed alive and flourishing. That afternoon, an audience of over 600 attended the official welcoming program during which Soyuzivka's ensembles presented a variety of folk songs and dances.

The featured guest performers were the Kookie Ukies, a comedy troupe from Philadelphia directed by Roman Shwed, whose humorous interpreta– tions of Ukrainian American life kept the audience rocking with laughter. (The Kookie Ukies are also members of Philadelphia's Ukrainian student thea– tre workshop under the direction of volodymyr Shasharowsky.) During the program, Soyuzivka's emcee-in-residence Anya Dydyk intro– duced members of the UNA Supreme Executive Committee, President John Flis and Treasurer Ulana Diachuk. Mrs Diachuk congratulated the festival participants and expressed the Ukrai– nian National Association's support of the young generation of Ukrainian artists and performers who contribute to the development of Ukrainian art in the free world.

Miss Soyuzivka 1981 Orysia Hanu– shevsky welcomed the guests and visi– tors to Soyuzivka and encouraged her peers to take an active part in the special events of the weeks to follow. A genuinely warm and festive mood prevailed as dialogue developed bet- ween the young artists and guests, while Soyuzivka's Supreme host, Walter Kwas, commended the participants for their contributions to the program. Later that evening, Soyuzivka hosted the artists and performers at a cocktail hour and dinner in their honor. The young artists welcomed this opportu– nity to exchange thoughts about each other's work and lifestyles. A panel discussion, also held that evening, on the topic of the direction of Ukrainian American art proved to be a stimulating and at times controversial experience. Animated conversation lasted into the late hours of the evening. (Look for an article on the panel discussion in the next issue of The Weekly.) A full program of concerts, dances, lectures and films is scheduled for the following two weeks. (Please refer to page 11 for a complete schedule of events.) The Celebration of Youth Festival - the UNA's salute to Ukrainian youth - The UNA contingent: Mtrta is now in full swing. Artists and performers at cocktail reception. manager; Ulana Diachul No.34

orduba, fraternal activities director; Walter Kwas, Soyuzivka treasurer; Wolodymyr Diachuk; and John Fife, president. A quartet of Soyuzivka dancers. 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23, i98i N0.34 87 compete in Hartford's third Ukrainian golf tourney . ,., „ „ . zovych took home the first-place by Bohdan Kolinsky ^ ^ ш ^ of g5 (nm) HARTFORD. Conn. - Eighty– Jimmy Pachowka of Philadelphia was seven golfers from all over the East second with a 116 (44-72) and George Coast teed it up in the third annual Kinach of Hartford was third with a 113 Hartford Ukrainian invitational Golf (40-73). Tournament on Saturday, August 15, at Other trophy winners were: Mike the Edgewood Golf Club. Leschuk of Union, N.J., for being the The field included golfers from Con– most honest golfer (he shot 134); Frank necticut, New Jersey, New York, Penn– Pratt of Bristol, Conn., for the longest sylvania and New Hampshire. drive (262 yards) and Jerry Whitney of The day's best score was turned in by New Britain, Conn., for being closest to Ronnie Williams of Windsor, Conn., the pin at the 135-yard 16th hole (4 feet). who shot a fine 79 on the well-mani– Special prizes were presented to Msgr. cured par 71, 5,700-yard Edgewood Stephen Chomko and the Rev. Roman course. Mr. Williams shot 40-39 which Bilecky of St. Michael's Ukrainian included birdies on two of the par-5 Catholic Church in Hartford for their holes. He also had 6 pars and 10 bogeys. participation in the activities. Tom Karney of Hartford was second The tournament, sponsored by the with an 83; ihorChyzovych of Philadel– Ukrainian National Home of Hartford, phia, winner of the first Hartford concluded with an awards banquet tournament, and Ray Sukach of Berlin, Saturday evening. Prizes were donated Conn., tied for third place with 85. by: the SUM-A branch of Hartford, Bohdan Kolinsky of Wethersfield, Hartford UNA Branch 277, Steve Conn., was fifth at 86. Dunphy of Hartford, Peter Dydyn of in the low-net category, Mr. Chy– Rocky Hill, Conn., and Mr. Kolinsky.

George Oprysko Roman "Sheik" Zastawsky blasts his way out of the sand trap as Zenon Jarema watches.

Ukrainian National Association Monihiy report for June 1981 ORGANIZING DEPARTMENT

THE FivE BEST Ш JUNE, 1981

Chairman Members

1. Philadelphia, Pa. P. Tarnawsky 2. Chicago, ill. M. Olshansky 3. New York, N. Y. M. Chomanczuk 4. Pittsburgh, Pa. A. Jula 5. Detroit, Mich. R. Tatarskyj

Branches Secretary Members

1. 95 Crum Lynne. Pa. J. Kovalczuk 2. 174 Detroit. Mich A. Slusarczuk M. Olshansky 3. 51 Chicago, ill. Undistracted by the disguise of victor Dydyn (left), Michael Shegda holes a putt. P. Tarnawsky 4. 375 Philadelphia. Pa. Michael Pigan looks on. 5. 25 Jersey City, N. 1 Kvitka Steciuk ------...wseasswscaaaMweaaaflasgsaecsesssgsssssssscs– ------,--–,,-,„.,–.„..„„жазосасаs х Organizers: Branch No. Members Looking for a second income? 1 A. Slusarczuk 174 2. Kvitka Steciuk 25 Become 3. W. Hawrylak 316 4. M. Olshansky 51 AN ORGAN1ZER 5. A. Jula 161 for Ukrainian National Association Total number of new members lor 6 months of 1981. .913 FULL or PART ТІМЕ You could start this career by organizing your family and friends. Total Amount of life insurance in 1981 .12,381,000 For information write to: UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION WASYL ORlCHOWSJCY 30 Montgomery Street m Jersey City, N.J. 07302 Supreme Organizer Atten: Organizing Dept. ^telephone: (201) 451-220(HCollect) or (212) 227-5250 wwwwMiHwwwtemw я ж: wwwwawei No.34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23, i98i 11

PREVIEW OF EVENTS

At Soyuzivka An open invitation is extended to all. WOODCUTS. 1944 - 1975 Time: 9 n.m.; admission: 55, ad– Monday, August 24 vance; S7, at the door. There will be a A Catalogue Raisonne by ABE M. TAH1R, Jr. with a foreword by PETER A W1CK and an autobiographical essay by JACQUES HNlZDOvSKY " Prof. Jaroslaw Lcshko of cash bar. Saturday, September 10 Price: 525 00 hard bound, Postage and handling one dollar. Smith College in Northampton, New Jersey residents add 5"к sales tax Mass., will give a lecture and visual " Michael Novak, noted author presentation on "The Works of and resident scholar at the American Mychajlo Moroz" at 4 p.m. Enterprise institute in Washington, SVOBODA BOOKSTORE Tuesday, August 25 will speak on "The New Ethnicity 30 Montgomery Street Jersey City. N.J. 07303 " A Slavko Nowytski film festival, and Human Rights," marking the end of the special events program with lecture and film screening by fsasseesssegsssesessssesssassesssesssssessesssssesssssessa Mr. Nowytski. Time: 8 p.m. celebrating the 90th anniversary^oT" Wednesday, August 26 Ukrainian immigration to Canada. " "Ukrainian Puppetry" by Sonia Mr. Novak's talk at the University of There's no place like Soyuzivka Gural of Montreal. Time: 4 p.m. Toronto begins at 8 p.m. at the " A concert at 8:30 p.m. featuring Medical Sciences Auditorium, 1 performance on the piano, bandura King's College Circle. The speaker SOYUZIVKA will be introduced by Prof. Paul and violin, to be followed by a dance, л The Ukrainian with music provided by the Soyu– Magocsi of the Chair of Ukrainian zivka Orchestra. Studies. Admission is free. '' ' г і і National Thursday, August 27 Sunday, September 13 r– -- ---w-s^. Association " Jacques Hnizdovsky will speak " Holy Cross Ukrainian Catholic on the art of the woodcut. Time: 4 Church in Astoria, N.Y., will hold its RES0RT p.m. annual parish picnic at Bohemian Ш^ГЖ Friday, August 28 Hall and Park at 29th Street and 24th in the Catskill Mountains, " Artist Edward Kozak of Detroit Avenue. Beginning at 1 p.m., the near Kerhonkson, N.Y. day's festivities will feature games, will appear as guest lecturer with a CELEBRATION of YOUTH FESTIVAL special presentation at 10 a.m. entertainment, prizes, homemade " Concert presented by the honors food, and dance music by the Rosa PROGRAM: orchestra. Admission is S3, adults; students of the Ukrainian Music MASTER Of CEREMON1ES - ANYA DYDYK institute, inc. Time: 8:30 p.m. Si.50, students age 13-17; children 12 Saturday, August 29 and under are admitted free. All SOYUZivKA ORCHESTRA - under the direction or ' The Malvy musical ensemble proceeds will help cover the cost of ALEX CHUDOLU and DORKO SENCHYSHYN from Chicago and the volya Dancers the protective panels recently on drums. from Carteret, N.J., will be featured installed over the stained-glass in the concert program. The concert, windows of the church. Monday, August 24 which starts at 8:30 p.m., will be e The Connecticut Ukrainian Day DANCE — Soyuzivka Orchestra followed by a dance, with music Festival, sponsored by the Connecti– Wednesday, August 26, 8:30 pm cut State Ukrainian Day Committee, provided by the Melody Nights of CONCERT Rochester, N.Y. will be held at St. Basil's Seminary, 195 Glenbrook Road, Stamford Featuring piano, bandura and violin Saturday, August 29 (Exit 9 off interstate 95). The festival DANCE e An evening of readings, featuring begins at 11 a.m. with divine liturgy Friday, August 28, 8:30 pm celebrated by Bishop Basil Losten. Mira Harmash and Yiva Zhak and CONCERT The festival will feature a program satirical sketches by Roman vasyly– Presented by the honor students shyn, at the Ukrainian Cultural of Ukrainian songs and dance, with performance by a bandura ensemble of the Ukrainian Music institute, inc. Center at the "Grazhda" in Hunter, DANCE N.Y. Time: 8 p.m. from New Britain and dance groups from Hartford, New Britain, Saturday, August 29, 8:30 pm Saturday, September 19 Willimantic and Jamaica Plains, CONCERT " The Kameniari Ensemble of Mass.; an arts and crafts display; a Malvy musical ensemble from Chicago, ill. Detroit will hold thier annual au– volleyball tournament; Ukrainian volya Dancers from Carteref, New Jersey tumn dance at St. Mary's Ukrainian foods; and tours of the seminary DANCE Orthodox Hall in Southfield, Mich. grounds and the diocesan museum. Melody Nights of Rochester, New York

LECTURES AND PRESENTATlONS: Monday, August 24, 4:00 pm. Lecture and visual presentation, „The Works of Mychajlo Moroz" by Professor Jaroslav Leshko. Tuesday, August 25, 8:00 pm. — Lecture and film screening: A Slavko Nowytski film Festival by Slavko Nowytski. Wednesday, August 26, 4:00 pm "Ukrainian Puppetry" — Sonia Gural. Thursday, August 27, 4:00 pm "Woodcut Art" — Jacques Hnizdowsky. Friday, August 28, 10:00 am Presentation by Edward Kozak

EXHIBIT OF UKRAINIAN FOLK AND FINE ART, PHOTOGRAPHY AND FASHLON

Sunday, August 23-29 Dora Oishaniwsky, Kathy Slabodukh, Petro Ciupka, Motria Tymkiw.

OPEN PANEL DlSCUSlONS:

Sunday, August 17, 23, 8:00 pm. The Direction and development of Contemporary Ukrainian American Art. Sunday, August 23, 8:00 pm 1) Ukrainian Classical Music — Kameniari Ensemble of Detroit which performed at Soyuzivka on Saturday, Moderator — Andriy Dobriansky. 2) Ukrainian Popular Music. -– 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23, i98i N0.34 Graduates as valedictorian ARLINGTON HEIGHTS, 111. - Notes on people Askold A. Rychtytzkyj, the son of George G. and Maria E. Rychtytzkyj and member of UNA Branch 125, graduated from Arlington High School Wins poster contest here as valedictorian, member of the National '-'nor Society and Hlinois viNELAND, N.J. -Fourteen-year– State Schuiar. old Deborah Ann Sesok, a student at Memorial School here, recently won While in high school he helped S50 by placing second in a statewide organize and was :sident of the energy poster contest. Her award was Teenage Republi s Club. He has presented in Trenton by New Jersey been listed in Who's Who Among Gov. Brendan Byrne and Energy Com– American High School Students for the missioner Joel Jacobson. 1979-80 school years. There were over 1,000 entrants in the At the high school commencement context. excercises he delivered the invocation. Although she has won other poster He is a member of Ss. volodymyr and contests, the statewide competition was Olha parish in Chicago. He graduated her biggest thrill. Despite her artistic as a valedictorian from the School of talent, Miss Sesok plans to study Ukrainian Studies, "Ridna Shkola,"in science and psychology and not art. Chicago. Miss Sesok's father, Mike Sesok, is Deborah Ann Sesok As a member of Plast, he won the title manager of the vineland Electric Uti– of "hetmanych" at the Orlykiada in lity. Her grandfather, Michael Sesok Chicago in 1977. Sr., is secretary of Branch 252 of the He has been accepted to Northwest– Ukrainian Fraternal Association in ern University's Medical School under Taylor, Pa. Selected Miss Pre-teen its six year honors program in Medical The young poster artist is very active Education. He will begin his studies in in Ukrainian affairs. She is a member of BERW1CK, Pa. - Lori Ann Siecko September. Askold A. Rychtytzkyj the Chaika Dance Ensemble and Ss. was recently named Pennsylvania's Peter and Paul Church choir. She has Miss Pre-Teen, and was presented a won the Ukrainian Orthodox essay certificate of merit by Gov. Dick Thorn- contest, the Newcomb Hospital poster burgh. contest as well as an essay contest The governor expressed best wishes sponsored by the Daughters of the for her success in the national pageant American Revolution. to be held in December in Atlanta. sendafriendaforum She is a member of UNA Branch 347 FORUM SHOULD BE 1N EvERY UKRA1N1AN HOME І in Millville, N.J., the UFA and Girl Miss Siecko and her family are Scout Troop 279. members of UNA Branch 164.

Receives Spirit of Detroit Award

FORUM has fascinating articles on Ukraine and Ukrainians in Europe and America.

FORUM is unique as the only English language magazine for the young odult reader interested in Ukraine and E astern E urope. Wayne County Commissioner John J. Korney, representing Detroit's 17th District, was the recipient of the Spirit of Detroit Award at the recently held FORUM has stimulating articles with high quality illustrations which Metropolitan Detroit international institute Banquet. The award, which was reveal the art, music, past and present history, culture, famous signed by all nine members of the Detroit City Council, was presented in people and present day personalities. recognition of Mr. Korney's leadership and dedication to improving the quality of life in his chy.

SUBSCR1BE TODAY) Take advantage of this great opportunity and

Please enter my subscription to FORUM. E nclosed find S7.00 (U.S. ADVERTISE S7.50 (Canada). 1N THE 1982 UNA ALMANAC

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Address .

City- State. .Zip

Send to: FORUM SUBSCRlPTlONS 440 Wyoming Ave., Scranton, Pa. 18503 Published by UKRAINIAN FRATERNAL ASSOCIATION No.34 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23.1981 13 Soviet authorities... the question of "stepping up admission People: A Tough Morsel for the Russian Trud, April 14, 1981. The Donbass is the into the party of advance workers in the Bear to Swallow," The Christian Science most heavily industrialized region in leading professions, livestock workers, Monitor, December 16, 1980; Robert Gil– Ukraine. (Continued from page 2) and machine operators, together with lette, "Moscow Takes Steps to Polish image 3. ibid. of Controlled Trade Unions,"The Washing- 4. RadyansTca Ukraine, July 24, 1981. plenum was a call to raise industrial teachers, economic specialists, scienti– 11 ton Post, January 4,1981; Peter Reddaway, 5. Radyanslca Ukraina, June 9, 1981. fic workers and students." efficiency by drawing workers into the "KGB Bid to Crush Estonia Revolt," The 6. v. Shcherbitsky, "Trebovatel'nost' і process of formulating and imple– it may be safely assumed that initia– Observer, January 11, 1981; Rein Taage– otvetstvennost'," Pravda, June 16, 1981. menting production plans and other tives of this sort represent a concerted pera, "Rumblings of Discontent in Estonia," 7. See, in particular, Reddaway, op. cit., organization efforts rather than by effort by the authorities to keep a finger international Herald Tribune, May 29, and Taagepera, op. cit. issuing "general slogans.'4 on the pulse of the masses, a stance that 1981; Ted Nemlco, "Keeping the Lid on 8. Radyanslca Ukraina, June 3, 1981, and A specific example of the greater was clearly recommended by CPSU Soviet Labor," The Christian Science Trud, June 4, 1981. Monitor, June 4, 1981; RL 267^81, "Sami– attention now being paid" to workers' General Secretary Brezhnev last Feb– 9. Radyanslca Ukraina, June 4, 1981; ruary in reference to the developments zdat Report on Strikes in Kiev," July 6, Robitnycha hazeta, June 4, 1981; and Trud, problems was provided by the republi– 1981; and Gabriel Ronay, "Workers in Kiev can seminar-conference convened in in Poland. June 5, 198Г. Strike and Win," The Times, July 29, 1981. 10. Radyanslca Ukraina, June 27, 1981. Kryvyi Rih on June 25 and 26 to discuss 1. See David K. Willis, "The Baltic 2. "Partiinaya zabota о lyudyakh truda,' 11. Radyanslca Ukraina, July 25, 1981. further improvement of medical health services for workers in Ukraine's JHJfiiJW^Jgwi^HiJHJUJM^^ large industrial centers.10 Finally, and perhaps most important THE CARPATHIAN SKI CLUB OF NEW YORK from the standpoint of the party's under the auspices of the recruitment policies, a recent meeting in ASSOCIATION OF UKRAINIAN SPORTS CLUBS IN NORTH AMERICA AND CANADA (USCAK) the Central Committee of the Ukrainian will hold Party, attended by oblast committee first secretaries, chairmen of oblast THE ANNUAL executive committees, and heads of ministries, surveyed the state of affairs in the Ukrainian economy and raised TENNIS AND SWIMMING COMPETITION at SOYUZIVKA HELP WANTED IN OBSERVANCE OF THE ?otk ANNIVERSARY OF THE FOUNDING OF s^i. UKRAINA IN L VIV OMaMaMaMOOOOOM September 4, 5, 6 and 7,1981 (Labor Day Weekend) MANICURIST WANTED Part time, to establish clientele in busy. Modern, exclusive salon in West Orange. TENNIS TOURNAMENT SWIMMING COMPETITION Call 731-9227 for individual CHAMPlONSHiPS of USCAK SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1981 at 11 a.m. Tuesday thru Friday. and trophies of the for iNDrviDUAL and TEAM CHAMPlONSHiPS, ЮОМФФМФС UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, SOYUZIVKA, UNA TROPH1ES and R1BBONS SVOBODA, THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY, and the sportsmanship Trophy of Mrs. MARY DUSHNYCK in lhe following events for boys and girls: REAL ESTATE Qualifications: This competition is open to any player 8-10 and 11-12 age groups whose crab is a member of USCAK. - Singles matches are 25 m. - freestyle scheduled in the following divbion: Men. Women, Women (35 and 50 m. — freestyle SMALL COUNTRY HOTEL S. BAR over). Junior Yets (35-44), Senior Men (45- and 55), Junior (Boys and 25 m. — backstroke Southern Ulster County, 90 miles from New Girls). 25 m. — breaststroke York City, 12 rooms, 3 apartments. Juniors are persons aged 18 and under, while seniors are 4 x 25 m. — freestyle relay inquire - those over 45 years of age. P.O. Box 205, Ellenville, N.Y. 12428 Registration for tennis matches, including name, age, division and the fee of 510.00 should be send to:

13-14 age group SOYUZIVKA 'save REAL ESTATE ""^"1 c7o Miss Anya Dydyk 50 m. — freestyle IN NORTHERN VIRGINIA S Kerhonkson, N. Y. 12446 100 m. — freestyle We service the fastest growing area in the last І 50 m. backstroke for real estate purchase and investments. Our Registrations should be received no later than August 26, 50 m. — breastsroke Agents are able to assist you in all areas of 1981. No additional applications will be accepted before the 100 m. - individual medley land - Residential - Commercial - industrial - competitions, since the schedule or matches will be"worked out ahead 4 x 50 m. - freestyle relay leased Rentals Write or call "Pete" Petrenko for further information (703) 750-2336 or (703) 321-7332 SCHEDULE OF MATCHES: 15 and over age group Member of UNA Branch S171 50 m. — freestyle PETRENKO PROPERT1ES FR1DAY. September 4. - Soyuzivka. 1:00 p.m. Men's prc– 100 m. freestyle 7258 Maple Place limmary round Players who must compete in this round 50 m. - backstroke Annandale. virginia 22003 -om^mo9 will " be notified bs the tournament committee by 50 m. breastsroke Wednesday. August 2b. 50 m. - butterfly SATURDAY, September 5, - Soyuzivka, 8:30 am First round 100 m. — individual medley Beautiful custom-build junior girls (all age groups), junior vets, scmor men. women and 4 x 50 m medley relay RANCH HOME women 35 and over New Pal!7. 8:30 a.m. Men's first round 4 bedrooms, 3 taths plus separate apartment. Soyuzivka. 10 30 am Juniors (all age groups) New Pali?. 10 30 Prime location - Ellenville. Hew York. a m Men's consolation round Soyuzivka. 3:30 p.m. Senior men Swimmers can compete in 3 individual events and one re la v. Near Soyuzivka. 55 and over. Time and place of subsequent matches will be (914) 647-7745. P.M. designated by tournameni director R Rakoiehyj. Sr. Registration will be held at the poolsidc on Saturday. Sep– "iswwawaaKase мі ш шшвшшлишш Players in men's division, scheduled to compete Friday but tember 5. starling at 9:30 a.m. Registration fee is 52.00 per unable to arrive on this day. as well as losers in lhe prelimenary person. машшшшшшшшшшшщшшшшш. round, can compete in the consolation round 1 Attractive home on 2.1 A U, 4 Because of limned time and the large number of eniries. Swim meet Committee: R Si Y'SH. О NAPORA, G bdrms.7 їй baths, pond. lrge. players can compete in one group only they must indicate their HRAB. J. RUBEL. C. KUSHN1R storage bldg., gar., macadam dr., choice on the registration blank. pleasant country, - S57,000. Swimmers should be members of sport and youtl. Players who fail lo report for a scheduled match on lime will be organizations which belong to the Ukrainian Sports Associa– 2 Lovely modern 2 sty, wd. fr„ 3 defaulted tion (USCAK). bdrm., large liv. rm. with fire- place, kit., din rm., 2 tile baths., gar., storage bldg., gar., carport, Reservations should be made individually by the competitors by writing to: extra room ideal for hobbyist, Soyuzivka, Ukrainian National Ass'n Estate, Kerhonkson, N. Y.12446; (914) 626-5641 1.2A. - J80.000. 3 Small summer cabin, 2 bdrms. REGlSTRATlON FORM TENN1S ONLY bath, plus loft, fireplace lake rights -S23.500. Please cut out and send in with reg. fee of 510.00 4 SPEC1AL! - 50 BOAT MAR1NA- Name: beach, sports shop, apt-house 5 Address: lrge apts. 325 ft. Ї large lake front- age, very good potential, 1230,000 Phone: with terms. Dateol birth Event - age group BURCKARD REALTY Sports club membership: ROUTE 97 POND EDDY, NEW YORK 12770 Check payable to: Kl.K. American 1 krainian Sports Club Tel.: 914-856-6533 jMLrmmm;mji^mjwus^^m^u^ THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, AUGUST 23,1981 N0.34 Magazine predicts foment in Ukraine JERSEY C1TY, N.J. - in a pro- the satellite nations, but into the A GIFT OF LASTING VALUE motion letter for Personal Finance, a Soviet Union itself. Specifically: The following books are available at the Svoboda Bookstore: financial magazine published in Ukraine — where ethnic nationalism THE UKRAINIANS OF MARYLAND - tdiM7wtittm by. Alexandria, va., Robert D. Kephart, has been dormant for nearly 30 years. Stephen Bisjrab. Paul fenchik,WolodymyrC Sushkojndothirs t 7.75 the.publisher, extolled the periodi– Enormous political significance." cal's ability to predict future econo– Well, we don4 know about the BOOMERANG - The works of vAlENTYN MOROZ by Yarosliw Bihun. introduction by mic and political developments a– other 14 predictions concerning the Or Paul L. Gersper round the world. discovery of oil off British Columbia Unbound S З.75 or the coming deflation, but we hope Bound і S.75 Among the 15 predictions for 1981-82 was this: "Where will the that Mr. Kephart and his crystal ball

D1SPLACED PERSON - by Marie Hilun Bloch. decorations by Allen Davis . .. І 7.95 'Polish Disease' next spread within have 20У20 foresight in the matter of Russia's crumbling empire? Not to political unrest in Ukraine. A H1ST0RY OF THE RUSS1AN EMP1RE - volume 1 by Nicholas L. FR.-Chirovsky J15.O0 ing changes that have occurred in Poland's Ukrainians... Poland during the past 12 months. THE UKRA1N1AN ECONOMY - its backcround. present status and potentials of future growth by Nicholas L. Fr.-Chirovsky J 2.00 (Continued from page 1) Whether such a stance proves suc– cessful remains to be seen. Significantly, The decidedly pro-regime tone of the same issue of Nashe Slovo that THE CHORNOvil PAPERS - by vyacheslav Chornowil. introduction by Frederick C Barthoorn J S.9S this document — there is no mention carried the USKT declaration also whatever of the Solidarity trade published an editorial titled "Maybe union, for example — does not come as if We Wait Long Enough" complaining THE vUlNERABLE RUSS1ANS - by Lev E. Dobriansky J 5.95 a complete surprise, it must be remem– that thus far virtually all of the promises bered that the USKT is a'n official that the authorities had made to USKT UKRA1NE 1N A CHANGiNG WORLD. Papers presented at the conference dedicated to the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of Ukrainian Ouitiuly. ed Waller organization whose fate is entirely representatives regarding an improve– Oushnyck. Pn.D 110.00 dependent on the good will of the ment of the position of Ukrainians in PUWP and the Polish government. Poland were being disregarded.4 SPRUCE. SWAMP AND STONE - A History of the Pioneer Ukrainian Settlements. in this respect it is interesting that last "Really, there is no reason to be in the Gimli Area - by Michael Ewanchuk J11.00 summer a controversy arose within the exuberant," writes Nashe Slovo, "al– FOX MYKYTA - lvan franko English version by Bohdan Melnyk. leadership of the society over the issue though this year it still seemed that it illustrated by William Kurelek J12 95 of whether or not the USKT should would be different." it is well known, adopt a political profile in addition to the newspaper continues, that "a big its social and cultural activities. Propo– storm brings little rain." THE MASTER'S JESb– lvan Franko. translated by Roman Tatchyn J10.00 ПАНСЬКІ ЖАРТИ - Ііи Оранко, ічрчтшщ Ромни Тітчиї^^^.^^^„^ nents of a more active political role on the part of the Ukrainians in Poland 3 1. "Zvernennia Prezydii HP USKT," THE tNTERNATlONAL SAKHAROV HEAR1NG - Hunan Rights inlhe USSR. ed. by appear to be in a minority. Keeping in mind the past history of Nashe Slovo, July 19. 2. See RL483;80,"Ukrainian Minority in Marfo Harasowska and Orest Olhovych І 8.95 Polish-Ukrainian relations and the Poland Presses Demands," December 17, continued sensitivity that shrouds "the 1980, and Roman Solchanyk, "Aktywizacja HNlZDOvSKY– Woodcuts. 1944-1975 a catalogue raisonne by Abe M.Tahir.Jr S25.00 Ukrainian question" in Poland, the mniejszosci ukrainskiej w Polsce," Kultura, majority is apparently "convinced" that Paris, No. 7-8, 1981, pp. 125-30. the interests of Ukrainians in Poland 3. Solchanyk, op. cit., p. 127. A H1ST0RYOF UKRA1NE - by MichialHrujhavjky J27 50 are better served by maintaining a 4. "Mozhe dochekayemos ,"Nashe Slovo, THE UKRA1NE. 1917-1921: A STUDY 1N REvOlUTlON - edited by Taras Hunczak restrained attitude towards the sweep– July 19. with the assistance of John T. von der Heide. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard Uk– ramian Research institute 1977.424 pages - hard bound , 115.00

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still aired on Sundays at 9 a.m. on ENGL1SHUKRA1N1AN Dictionary - by MLPodvesko 512 50 Pope names... station WTEL. (Continued from page 1) Apart from having established and 80UNDAR1ES OF FLAME - A Complete Collection of Poetry - Olena Teliha Corn- which is responsible for the Church's built a parish in Warrington, Pa., Msgr. piled and Translated by Orysia Prokopiw 5 6 95 official English translations of liturgical Moskal recently completed overseeing ПОЛУМ'ЯНІ МЕЖІ - Повне мідійна Поезій Олени Te.lil и упоралку texts. the construction of a chapel and main– тля А переклала Орнса Прокоти Msgr. Moskal founded the Ukrainian tenance building on the grounds of St. Catholic Hour "God is With Us" in Mary's Cemetery in Abington Town- 1N DEFENSE OF THE UKRA1NE CAUSE by Roman Rakhmanny 512 95 November 1972, a Ukrainian-language ship, Pa. radio program aired weekly on Sundays in intermittent periods throughout P0L1SH ATR0C1T1ES1N UKRA1NE-compiled and edited by EmilRevyuk t 4.00 over station W1BF-FM. The program the years Msgr. Moskal has also served was terminated on December 1977. in as confessor and spiritual director to the SYM0NENK0-A STUDY 1N SEMANT1CS" by liorShankovsky 5 1.00 1975, he founded another radio pro- religious sisters working in the archdio– a) CONvERSATlONAL UKRA1N1AN by YarSlavutych. Fourth edition " 5ЇТ16 gram titled "Christ Among Us" which is cese. b) UKRAlNlAN FOR 8EG1NNERS by YarSlavutych Fifth revised edition 5 2 75 c) UKRAlNlANlNPlCTURESbyYarSlavutych 5 2 75

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offers and to revitalize them by practicing restraint churches had not only baroque icons as part of On church art and architecture... and using modern techniques. A new vocabulary of their decor but also sculpture! (Continued from page 7) colors, forms, materials and textures– stained glass, The design of a church is one of the most challenging construct its own idea of a place of worship, and if its mosaics, sculpture and tapestries — recalls the tasks in the profession of architecture, for in addition ideas are true, their expression will be valid for the pageantry of the medieval church. to the usual myriad building requirements, it must coming generations. Anyone interested in the traditions or unifying provide that elusive and intangible quality of religious We do not know of any new church building in elements of Ukrainian religious architecture can easily spirit. Armed with his education, research, expe– Soviet Union, but we know that in communist Poland satisfy his curiosity, in the past years a number of rience and personal beliefs, the architect faces indeed a new churches are being built of reinforced concrete publications, both in the USSR and the West, have formidable task. Architects, however talented, how– and are innovative in form, in absence of new church appeared that enunciate succinctly and clearly the ever sincere and imaginative—cannot succeed in their building in Soviet Ukraine, it would behoove us to traditional characteristics of Ukrainian churches efforts without receptive clients. But receptive clients search for our expression in the contemporary idiom. through the past centuries. are made, not born, it is within this sense of "making"— We should also keep in mind that a church is more The October 1978 issue of "Progressive Architec– of getting priests and building committees to think than a building. Asa place of worship, it is also a ture" sums up the Ukrainian traditions as seen by one constructively of their needs — that 1 believe that the statement about God and an expression of man's faith Ukrainian architect, Radoslav Zuk: "The altars of all church hierarchy's advisory committees should make in his destiny. Churches should have religious impact churches face east, the sanctuary and nave are always their maximum contributions. and meaning, if a church fails functionally - if there is separated from each other, and three or five spires The layman's concept that nothing worthwhile has not enough parking, if it is too cold or too hot — it always rise above the sanctuary. A freestanding or occurred on the religious architectural horizon since surely fails. But it must above all satisfy not only the attached bell tower often accompanies the ensemble, the 18th century can be countered far more effectively physical function, it must also create a space that and the whole composition usually forms a dramatic by priests than it can by architects whose professional inspires, that evokes spiritual feelings in the worshipper. outline against the sky." "contemporary" leanings are suspect. Yet, how rarely do our critics talk about the aesthetics І would like to add to the above observation two On the basis of my 10 years' experience at the of our churches and how often do they talk about more important elements: a.) the iconostasis that University of Pennsylvania, where 1 work as univer– tradition and history! visually separates the sanctuary from the congregation sity architect, 1 would recommend the establishment And yet, our churches of the past were very and b.) a sense of height of the space above the of procedures which would help the entire process of beautiful. David Buxton, writing of Ukrainian timber congregation, emphasized by careful considerations of selection, design and construction. For discussion churches, states: "village carpenters could defy the lighting and decor, creating a sense of an atmosphere purposes, 1 have drawn up the following guidelines: plain's monotony by building to the skies; but in the of mystery and awe. This would seem to me to sum up a. A sytematic process for the selection of an hill country they felt no urge to compete with nature's the tradition of Ukrainian church religious architec– architect у artist to be established under the leadership heights. Carpathian villages, moreover, tend to be ture. of church hierarchy. small and fragmented yet every community, however Of the works of the many practicing architects of b. A design review committee to be appointed by the poor, wanted a church of its own. So the great Ukrainian descent in both the United States and metropolitan or bishop consisting of a five-member majority of them are very small and modest, but they Canada, the works of Radoslav Zuk merit the committee of architects, artists and priests. The design have a rare beauty."5 it seems to me that in our pre– attention of those interested in Ukrainian churches - they review committee would advise on the selection of occupation with history and tradition, we have lost are contemporary and respond to their setting and architects and would review all the designs for the sight of beauty. environment. Mr. Zuk's works reflect a talented search; proposed churches. The design review committee Outstanding examples of modem church architec– to express traditional images and meanings of Ukrainian members would not be eligible for commissions and ture began to appear in Europe before World War 11, churches using a new vocabulary, in general, in the sea of would have to sign a statement on conflict of interest. primarily under the leadership of such men as Rudolf banality, kitsch and inaptitude, too few talented young c. The design review committee would establish a Schwarz, who was as much a theologian as he was an architects are given an opportunity. For example, as "long list" of potential architects and submit it to the architect. Notre Dame de Raincy, a concrete and one drives on the Garden State Parkway in northern bishop for approval. This list of architects would be glass church which was built by the Perret Brothers in New Jersey, one cannot help noticing a Ukrainian kept up to date and would be made available to every Paris in 192S, heralded a new church building era in Orthodox church that was built by Sichynsky some parish. Europe. Usage of modern vocabulary in church time ago. it would be interesting to see other designs d. Before commencing work on the selection of an architecture in Ukraine appeared in about the same by the same architect. architect, the selection committee (or building period. The modern design of 1934 of the Church of There are many talented Ukrainians, graduates of committee) would have to sign a conflict of interest the Sisters of St. Basil the Great in Lviv, executed by Canadian and American architectural schools, who statement. architect R. Hrytsai would probably be unacceptable could contribute to the creative dialogue concerning e. The selection committee would review the "long to the present-day architect selection committee in recognizable Ukrainian chuches expressed in the list" of potential architects-candidates, agree on a "short New York City or Philadelphia. contemporary idiom. The problem that the Ukrainian list" of about three or four firms and request the The growth of the modern movement in church community has is that as far as the creative process is submission of proposals from these firms. The design architecture in the United States was a gradual one; concerned, there are works of one or two individuals. review committee would be available to help the it picked up momentum as denomination after What is needed is that a number of innovative and selection committee. denomination created its department of architecture talented architects be given an opportunity by the f.The interview process would not include requests, and started a dialogue with clergy, laymen and Ukrainian community to establish a creative process on the part of the selection committee for free designs architects. Contemporary architectural idiom is now that would contribute to the development of con- or proposals. universally accepted in Europe and America. Designers temporary Ukrainian church architecture. g.Once the architect is selected and commissioned to of churches, almost without exception, have em- do the design for a particular project, the design review braced the invitation to creativity and have expressed On the relationship between architect and artist: committee would review the architect's schematic and their enthusiasm in a wide range of local and indivi– preliminary drawings. The committee would then dual interpretations. ideally the architect should work in tandem with the– submit a written report with its comments and There are two basic directions in contemporary artist, if a talented architect is selected, he will want to recommendations to the bishop, the parish priest and religious architecture. The first is led by those have the best talent. On the other hand, the building the building committee. architects who have elected to reject out of hand every committee should also have a say in the selection of echo of the past and to seek a totally pew mode of the artist. 1. Doreen Yarwood, "The Architecture of Europe," architectural expression. This group of architects As a post scriptum one cannot help but mention Hastings House, New York, 1974, p.353. hasconsciously limited the use of traditional elements that although Byzantine-style icons are very popular in 2. Arthur voice, "The Art and Architecture of Medieval to a bare minimum and relies as much as possible on a the churches being built today in America, our fore- Russia," University of Oklahoma Press, 1967, p. 210. sophisticated play of light on a new geometry of forms fathers were not afraid to switch from Byzantine pro– 3. op. cil., p.202. and surfaces. The atmosphere is one of austerity, totypes to the then–modern Renaissance (and then 4. Kathalyn Berton, "Moscow, An Architectural His– highly conducive to meditation. The second move– later to Baroque), a long time ago. tory,"St. Martin's Press, 1977, pp.82-84. 5. Sherban Cantaacuzino, ed. "Architectural Conserva– ment is composed of architects who choose frankly to Furthermore, the rebuilt main church of the tion in Europe," "Wooden Churches of Eastern Europe" by retain the broad spectrum of elements which tradition Pecherska Lavra in Kiev and other Baroque David Buxton, p. ill.

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