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PUBLISHEDrainia BY THE UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATIOnN INC . A FRATERNAWeekL NON-PROFIT ASSOCIATION l ї Ш Ute 25 cents voi LXXXVIII No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, i98i

Reagan administration Five years later announces appointment for rights post The Ukrainian Helsinki Group: WASHINGTON - After months of the struggle continues delay, the Reagan administration an– nounced on October 30 that it is no– When the leaders of 35 states gathered in Helsinki in minating Elliot Abrams, a neo-conser– August 1975 signed the Final Act of the Conference on vative Democrat and former Senate Security and Cooperation in Europe, few could aide, to be assistant secretary of state for have foreseen the impact the agreement would have in human rights and humanitarian affairs, the Soviet Union. While the accords granted the Soviets reported The New York Times. de jure recognition of post-World War ll boundaries, they The 33-year-old lawyer, who pre– also extracted some acquiescence to provisions viously worked as special counsel to guaranteeing human rights and freedom, guarantees Sen. Henry Jackson of Washington and that already existed in the Soviet Constitution and Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan of New countless international covenants. York, joined the administration last At the time, the human-rights provisions seemed January as assistant secretary of state unenforceable, a mere formality, a peripheral issue for international organization affairs. agreed to by a regime with no intention of carrying in announcing the nomination, Presi– them through. dent Ronald Reagan stated that hu– But just over one year later, on November 9,1976,10 man-rights considerations are an im– courageous Ukrainian intellectuals in Kiev moat of portant part of foreign policy, the Times them former political prisoners, formed the Ukrainian said. Public Group to Promote the implementation of the Mr. Abrams has endorsed annual Helsinki Accords to pressure the Soviet authorities Congressional reports on human-rights into living up to their end of the bargain. The original around the globe, and said public members were Oles Berdnyk, Gen. Petro Grigorenko, criticism of abuses by friendly govem– lvan Kandyba, Lev Lukianenko, Oksana Meshko, ments were part of "the arsenal of Mykola Matusevych, Myroslav Marynovych, Mykola fighting for human rights." He also said Rudenko, Nina Strokata and Oleksiy Tykhy. he would not rule out the imposition of Now, on the fifth anniversary of the formation of the economic sanctions against countries group, all 10 original founding members are either in engaged in gross violations of indivi– labor camps or have been expelled from the country. dual rights. Mr. Berdnyk is in his second year of a six-year labor Of the Soviet Union, Mr. Abrams camp term to be followed by three years' internal exile; said that Moscow "does not care about Mr. Kandyba was arrested on March 24 on unknown human rights," the Times reported". charges; Mr. Rudenko is in hie forth year of a seven- Mr. Abrams' nomination follows year strict-regimen term, which will be followed by five months of speculation and rumors that years' internal exile; Mr. Lukianenko, sentenced in perhaps the administration would 1978 to 10 years in a special regimen camp and five phase out the post or the bureau itself. years' internal exile; Ms. Meshko, sentenced this year Democratic critics and ardent sup- to six months in a strict-regimen camp and five years' porters of human rights accused the internal exile; Mr. Matusevych, serving his third year of administration of giving human rights a a seven-year term to be followed by five years'internal low priority, particularly after the exile; Mr. Marynovych, sentenced in 1978 to seven president balked at naming a successor years' imprisonment and five years'internal exile; Mr. to Ernest Lefever, his first choice for the Tykhy, serving the fourth year of a 10-year sentence top post, who was forced to withdraw in a special-regimen camp to be followed by five years' last June in the face of staunch Senate internal exile. opposition. Gen. Grigorenko and Dr. Strokata were ultimately Their anxiety was further aroused on thrown out of the USSR and now live in the West. September 28 when Deputy Secretary Other members of the group, many of them, like of State William Clark, meeting with Yuriy Shukhevych, having joined while already in human-rights activists, announced that prison, are serving long sentences or are in exile. Only the State Department was undertaking one member, Stefania Shabatura, remains "free," but a reorganization study that could she is reportedly under constant police surveillance. involve a change in the name and For these brave men and women, the Helsinki function of the human-rights bureau. Accords are more than just another juridical base on which to build their demands for national and human He also announced at the time that no rights. They offer the hope of a sovereign Ukraine and effort would be made to fill the human- peace among nations enhanced by free contacts rights post until the study was com– between peoples and the free exchange of information pleted, leading many human-rights and ideas. For these rights, the Ukrainian Helsinki lobbyists to question the administra– monitors in the Soviet Union continue to suffer the tion's commitment in this field. terrible ordeals of official retribution and deprivation. The nomination of Mr. Abrams, an But as the group's Memorandum No. 1 made clear: outspoken advocate of balanced hu– Oleksiy Tykhy "The struggle for human rights will not cease man-rights policy, follows a memoran– (photo not available) dum issued by the State Department on until these rights become the everyday standard October 27 which implies even-handed Mykola Matusevych in social life." (Continued on page 2) 2 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, i98i No. 45 Special order of the House Mykola Plakhotniuk arrested NEW YORK - Mykola Plakhot– wjll honor Helsinki group niuk, a physician long active in the Ukrainian human-rights movement, „ '"'PHlLAT"ELPHlA - The fifth anni– Members of the Philadelphia com– versary of the founding of the Ukrainian mittee have said that they will be going was arrested in Kiev on September 6, Public Group to Promote the imple– to Washington to urge elected officials reported the press service of the Ukrai– mentation of the Helsinki Accords will to participate in the special order. The nian Supreme Liberation Council be cjbserved in Washington on Tuesday. Smoloskyp Ukrainian information (abroad). - fitovember !7, with a demonstration Service has said that it would send The reason for his arrest is unknown. 'outside the Soviet Embassy, a special updates on the Ukrainian Helsinki Dr. Plakhotniuk was born in 1936 order of the House of Representatives Group to all members of Congress. and has been suffering from tubercu– and a reception at the Capitol. losis since childhood. A reception for members of Congress He was first arrested on January 13, The Philadelphia Ukrainian Human and invited guests will take place 1972, during the mass arrests of the Rights Committee is organizing the immediately after the special order, at 6 Ukrainian intelligentsia. He was charged demonstration at the embassy at 3 p.m. p.m., in the Capitol. The reception will with "anti-Soviet agitation and propa– Buses will depart from the Ukrainian be sponsored by the Philadelphia com– ganda" (Article 62 of the Criminal Code Educational and Cultural Center in mittee and the Ad Hoc Congressional of the Ukrainian SSR), and was sen– Abington, Pa., at 11 a.m. Committee on the Baltic States and tenced to undergo psychiatric "treat– Ukraine. ment." For further information about the Until his release on December 10, A special order of the House of day's events, interested persons may call 1980, he was confined in psykhushkas in Representatives will be sponsored by representatives of the Philadelphia Dnipropetrovske and Kazan, among Mykola Plakhotniuk Rep. Charles Dougherty (R-Pa.), the Ukrainian Human Rights Committee, other locations. assailants attacked him on a Kiev street. founder and co-chairman of the Ad Hoc Ulana Mazurkevich at (215) 782-1019 The Soviet authorities continued to He was not allowed to live in Kiev and Committee on the Baltic States and or Chrystia Senyk at (212) 493-1692. persecute Dr. Plakhotniuk even after was told by authorities to move to the Ukraine. The Philadelphia Human his release. On April 8, unknown Cherkaske oblast. Rights Committee, which has been in The committee has urged all Ukrai– touch with Rep. Dougherty's office, nian human-rights committees to con- reported that the special order will take tact their congressmen and urge them to place after the regular order of the day participate in the fifth anniversary Re: Soviet invasion of Hungary in the House at 5 p.m. observances. NEW YORK - Freedom House and 5 million tons of ammunition — all marked the 25th anniversary of the 1956 zeroed in on the people of Europe who Although the memorandum goes on invasion of Hungary by the Soviet enjoy political freedom and civil rights." Reagan administration... to say that friendly but repressive regimes Union, calling it a "day of disgrace." The statement mentioned recent should not be inadvertantly pushed into "Soviet tanks and troops invaded demonstrations in West Germany and (Continued from page 1) a "worse one....with a Communist Hungary on November 4 to put down France opposing nuclear weapons in criticism of rights violations in all Politburo," the suggestion of a more its people's bid for human rights and those countries. The statement observ– nations, including those friendly to the balanced approach to human-rights political independence," the organiza– ed that there was no mention in these United States. appears to mark, a softening of the tion declared in a November 4 state– demonstrations "of the years of disgrace The statement, which was prepared Reagan administration's previously ment. "The Soviet's counter-revolution when Soviet armaments, nuclear and by Mr. Clark and Richard T. Kennedy, rigid assertion that authoritarian re– was terrible and terrifying," noted conventional, were deployed." under-secretary of state for manage– gimes are better than totalitarian ones Freedom House, "it was Soviet impe– The statement concluded: ment, said that a fair human-rights and should be tolerated if they'are rialism at its worst." "Must the lessons of a quarter- policy "means hard choices which may friendly to U.S. interests. The action was repeated "when century ago be learned again: Free adversely affect certain bilateral rela– Despite the naming of Mr. Abrams, Soviet troops invaded Czecho-Slova– peoples do not start wars; nations that tions." who has criticized the administration in kia in 1968 and Afghanistan, a non- oppress their own citizens do." the past for de-emphasizing human- aligned neutral, in 1979," the statement it said in part: "There is no escaping added. Freedom House is a non-governmen– this without destroying the credibility of rights, and the issuance of the State Department memorandum, the State it noted that "behind the borders of tal, national organization that monitors our policy, otherwise we would be Western Europe today the USSR has the level of political rights around the simply coddling friends and criticizing Department has not rejected the possi– bility of changing the name of the placed a new arsenal of SS-20 nuclear world, its board chairman is Clifford P. foes." missiles, 50,000 tanks, 4,500 helicopters Case, a former U.S. senator. As to any substantive changes in the human-rights bureau first proposed by human-rights bureau's organization or , Mr. Clark in September. According to function, a spokesman for Mr Abrams the Times, a final decision has been put Soviet dissidents support Solidarity said that Mr. Clark had assured him off to avoid creating "needless contro– that there would be no downplaying of versy." HELS1NK1, Finland - information The message was also signed by its role. The administration is known to has recently reached the West that eight victor Nekipelov, member of the Mos– prefer phrases like "individual rights," political prisoners in Perm concentra– cow Helsinki Group; Armenian Noryk Any real change in the bureau's "political rights" or "civil liberties," tion camp No. 36 had sent a telegram in Hryhorian, a participant of the 10-day structure would require Congressional names opposed by some human-rights January to the Solidarity trade union period protesting Russian-Soviet colo– action. groups. in Poland, expressing their full support nialism and imperialism; vazha Zh– The appointment of Mr. Abrams has One concern in preparing the memo– for the union, reported the Smoloskyp henti, member of the Georgian indepen– already received some praise from randum. State Department officials Ukrainian information Service. dence movement; Antanas Terleckas Capitol Hill. Sen. Jackson called it a indicated, was that U.S. ambivalence on Among the signatories are two U– member of the Lithuanian national "great choice," while Sen. Moynihan human rights was a cause of foreign krainians — member of the Ukrainian movement; Aleskandr Ogorodnikov, praised the nominee's "great commit– criticism. The statement also said that Helsinki Group Myroslav Marynovych, organizer of Christian seminars; and ment to human rights." the issue "has been one of the main and Mykhailo Monakov, a teacher Oleksiy Safronov, a young political Sen. Paul Tsongas (D-Mass.), who avenues for domestic attack on the from Odessa. prisoner from the Crimea. was one of the leading і opponents of administration's foreign policy." the Lefever nomination in the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, pre– Although the memorandum has been dicted that Mr. Abrams would easily approved by Secretary of State Alexan– win confirmation. der M. Haig as the basis for a U.S. human-rights policy, final approval and The State Department memorandum action on the recommendations will also noted that the human-rights post have to come from the White House. Ukrainian WeeH would be "reinvigorated" and possibly 1Y enlarged, and that Mr. Abrams will be But the nomination of Mr. Abrams FOUNDED 1933 the human-rights spokesman not only just three days after the statement was for the department but also for the rest drafted seems to indicate that the Ukrainian weekly newspaper published by the Ukrainian National Association inc., a of the government, including the Penta– Reagan administration, after a four- fraternal non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. 07302 gon. month lull to consider its options, has (The Ukrainian Weekly - USPS 570-870) The statement also says that attempts decided that human-rights istooimpor– to match or challenge Soviet military tant a foreign policy issue to be The Weekly and Svoboda: . power must be complemented by efforts llw officially ignored or downplayed. (201) 434-0237, 434-0807 um (201) 451-2200 in international organizations to por– (212)227-4125 (212)227-5250 tray the Soviet Union as repressive and Notice show its contrast to free societies. Yearly subscription rate: S8, UNA members - S5. Due to recent substantial increases However, the statement also says that in the cost of postage and newsprint, Postmaster, send address changes to: the United States should not hesitate to we at The Weekly have been forced THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY Editor: Roma Sochan Hadzewycz vote against friendly nations in interna– to decrease the number of gratis P.O. Box 346 Assistant editors: lka Koznarska Casanova tional forums if they breach human- subscriptions. . Jersey City. NJ. 07303 George Bohdan Zarycky rights standard?., . , ,. No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. NOVEMBER 8. i98i Yuzyk outlines Canada's role UNA executive committee meets in 27th NATO session JERSEY C1TY, N.J. - The state of organized by Marta Korduba, fraternal the UNA during the first eight months activities director, was also successful, OTTAWA - During an October 29 "We were happy to note," said the of this year, plans for the near and reported Mrs. Diachuk. speech before the Canadian Senate, senator, "that the Western countries, distant future, as well as next spring's She also mentioned the problem of a Sen. Paul Yuzyk provided an outline of under the leadership of NATO, were regular UNA convention in Rochester, chronic worker shortage at the Soyu– Canada's role in the 27thannual session solidly united on a balanced review to N.Y., were just some of the topics on the zivka resort. of the North Atlantic Assembly held in be reflected in the final document of the agenda during a meeting of the UNA The Ukrainian National Urban Re– Munich on October 11-16. CSCE conference in Madrid." Supreme Executive Committee held newal Corporation reported an eight- A member of the delegation for nine Outlining subcommittee contacts here at the UNA building on Saturday, month income of 51,371,341, an in– years. Sen. Yuzyk praised the work of with Radio Free Europe; Radio Liber– October 3. crease of 5238,000 over the same span the 18-member Canadian delegation — ty, Sen. Yuzyk said that subcommittee The meeting was chaired by UNA last year, income from rent alone rose six senators and 12 members of parlia– members visited broadcast facilities in Supreme President John Flis and was by 5223,313. ment - headed by Len Hopkins, MP. Munich and studied the operations and attended by Dr. Myron Kuropas, su– Total UNURC expenses for the Sen. Yuzyk, who this year must step effectiveness of the programming, preme vice president; Mary Dushnyck, eight-month period totalled over down as the rapporteur of the assem– which is subsidized by the U.S. govern– supreme vice president; Sen. Paul 51.223,950, an increase of 5325,925 over bly's Subcommittee on the Free Flow of ment. Yuzyk, supreme director for Canada; the same time last year. The cost of fuel information and People after com– "The effectiveness of Radio Free Walter Sochan, supreme secretary; and electricity rose by over 540,000, and pleting his four-year term, reviewed the Europe and Radio Liberty becomes Ulana Diachuk, supreme treasurer; interest paid on loans totalled 5185,729. work of the information subcommittee. apparent when it is realized that the Wasyl Orichowsky, supreme organizer; in August, Mrs. Diachuk reported, "The subcommittee has constantly Soviet Union spends three times more and Zenon Snylyk, editor-in-chief of the UNA i.iitiated a campaign to obtain monitored the implementation and on jamming than on regular broadcast– Svoboda. loans from members on demand notes, violations of Principles У1І and УІІІ of ing to Europe and North America," After the agenda was accepted, re- for which the UNURC would pay 9 Basket 1 and all of Basket Hi of the reported Sen. Yuzyk. ports of the executive officers began percent interest, interest on these Helsinki Final Act signed by 33 Euro– Other subcommittee activities men– with that of the supreme treasurer. demand notes is calculated every six pean states and two North American tioned by Sen. Yuzyk were last year's months, and added to the principle. countries in 1975," Sen. Yuzyk said. meeting with Pope John Paul 11, brief– Supreme treasurer's report Appeals were sent to nearly 3,000 in addition, he noted that the sub- ings with government ministers, and the members, branch secretaries, members committee had met with several exiled publication of the Bulletin, a quarterly During the first eight months of this of the Supreme Assembly and owners of Soviet dissidents, and urged the NATO journal published by the North Atlan– year, membership dues brought in promissory notes. Thus far, the res– alliance to protest the continued impri– tic Assembly and circulated to all 52,016,846, a decrease of 53,211 over ponse has been minimal, Mrs. Diachuk sonment of human-rights activists in the governments and parliaments in the the same period last year, when dues reported. USSR. alliance. brought in 52,020,057. However, the in addition, Mrs. Diachuk reported Sen. Yuzyk also testified that he Sen. Yuzyk concluded his speech by decrease is not significant, taking into that promissory notes totalling attended and reported on both East- saying he was satisfied with his nine- account the prolonged postal strike in 5760,000 matured on October 1. Loans West meetings to review the Helsinki year participation with the assembly, Canada, which prevented branch secre– of 5225,000 were cancelled, and several Accords - the 1977 Belgrade meeting and "having witnessed the prestige of taries there from collecting dues, said others were taken out. and the current Madrid Conference, Canada steadily rising" in the interna– Mrs. Diachuk. The treasurer also noted that the firm which will be a vear old November 11. tional arena. interest from bonds, mortgages, of M.S. Wien, which occupied the 15th stocks, account certificates and bank floor and other space in the UNA savings amounted to 51,781,771, an building, was liquidated as a result of SUSTA to hold 19th congress increase of 5255,095 over the same financial problems, but that the UNA period last year. has been assured that it will not lose any NEW YORK - The executive board committees (credentials, nominating, interest from bonds increased by rent or incur any financial loss as a of SUSTA (Federation of Ukrainian statutes, resolutions and financial); 5199,642; mortgages were up by result of the bankruptcy. Student Organizations of America) has 12:30 p.m. — lunch; 550,576; while interest on loans to Mrs. Diachuk reported that details of announced the program for the 19th 1:30 p.m. — commemoration of members increased by 51,624. Total the sale of the old UNA headquarters at congress, to be held on November 20-22 the 60th anniversary of the income was 54,957,427. 81-83 Grand St; in Jersey City are at Soyuzivka. underground Ukrainian univer– There was also noticeable increase in nearly complete. All that is needed is The 19th SUSTA congress will com– sity in Lviv (by Prof. Wolodymyr cash surrenders. As of August 31, the permission from the city to transform memorate the 60th anniversary of the Stojko), word about the exhibit of early UNA paid members 5272,444, an in– the buildings from commercial to underground Ukrainian university in SUSTA publications by Prof, iwan crease of 523,580 over last year. residential use, permission that is Lviv. Holowinskyj, reports of the outgoing Death benefits totalled 5458,065, a expected this month. The new owners The program is as follows: SUSTA executive board, discussion, decrease of 524,012 over the identical plan to convert the old UNA offices to e Friday, November 20: 8 p.m. — report -of the credentials committee, period last year. condominiums. early registration; wine and cheese report of the auditing board, vote of Payments for matured endowment in closing, the treasurer elaborated party. confidence. certificates also decreased this year, in on the work of Ms. Korduba. Aside e Saturday, November 21: 9 a.m. — 1981 they totalled 5469,110, while last from organizing and directing the UNA registration; 4:30 p.m. — committee sessions; year's total at this time was 595,895 Celebration of Youth program during 11 a.m. — opening, invocation, 5:30 p.m. - report of the nominating higher. the last two weeks of August, Ms. election of presidium, greetings, adop– committee, election of new SUSTA The treasurer reported that opera– Korduba helped organize new members tion of congress program, reading and executive board, address by newly tional expenses and financial assistance on weekends at Soyuzivka throughout adoption of minutes from the 18th elected SUSTA president; to Svoboda Press also increased. As of the summer season. SUSTA congress, election of congress 7:30 p.m. - banquet; the end of August, 5260,800 was paid Currently, the young fraternal activi– 9 p.m. — dance (music by vodohray out to support Svoboda Press, a jump ties director is making final prepara– and a second, surprise band). of 538,000 in comparison with the same tions for the Ukrainian Opera in Con- Kwas re-elected period last year. cert program scheduled for New York's " Sunday, November 22: 10 a.m. - As of August, total assets amounted Carnegie Hall on November 15 and the KERHONKSON, NY. - Re– divine liturgy; to 546,200,675. The growth of assets tour of Ukrainian baritone volodymyr publican-Conservative Walter Kwas, 11:30 a.m. - reports of student clubs, over the eight months was over Denysenko, who lives in Warsaw. Ms. manager of the Soyuzivka resort reports of congressional committees, 51,012,188. Korduba also recently moderated a here, was re-elected to the Ulster miscellaneous and closing. As a result of an uncertain investment gathering of Ukrainian youth leaders at County Legislature, in the process climate, the treasurer noted, the UNA Soyuzivka. garnering the highest number of The SUSTA executive board, headed has steered clear of^long-term invest– in addition, she plans to travel to votes in the field of six candidates by Ronya Stdjko-Lozynskyj, has urged ments, opting instead for short-term North Dakota on organizing business, running for three seats. all Ukrainian students to attend and investments as evidenced by a long list Mrs. Diachuk reported. Mr. Kwas, will serve his second participate in the congress. of purchased and matured bank certifi– two-year term as county legislator. Ukrainian student clubs and hro– cates. Report of supreme secretary The final tally showed Mr. Kwas madas have the right to one vote Mrs. Diachuk also reported an in– with 2,135 votes; John Geary (R-C), (delegate) per 10 members on their crease in members taking out loans in the past eight months of 1981 2.087: George Barthel (D), 2,026; current membership lists, which are to against their insurance policies, in nine branch secretaries organized 1,218 new John Posmor (R-C), 1,641; irving be sent to the SUSTA executive board months, this year's figure is 5130,619 members for the UNA. This number Rosenthal, (D). 1,431; and Mary c^o Ronya Stojko-Lozynskyj, 69 E. compared to 5102,300 for the same included 361 juveniles, 711 adults and Young (D), 1.374. Seventh St.. New York, N.Y. 10003. period last year. 146 insured under accidental death and The win was a big one for Mr. The treasurer also reported that the dismemberment (ADD) certificates, in Kwas. since he won ahead of Mr. Costs for the congress are: delegates UNA resort, Soyuzivka, had a good September, the home office received Barthel, who, for the first time in 18 - 58; guests — 57. The fee includes season. As of August 31, income from 155 new membership applications, years, did not come in first or second admission to the dance on Saturday Soyuzivka was down 56,000 from the giving a nine-month total of 1,373 new in the voting. night. Registered students; guests can same time last year, but a full compari– members. For the entire year of 1980, The Republican Party gained a participate in all the proceedings, but do son is not possible because the books 2,239 new members were admitted. seat in the Ulster County Legislature not have the right to vote. have not been closed for September Although only three months remain to which now consists of 26 Republi– Accommodations are to be taken which included the highly successful the end of this year, it is expected that cans and seven Democrats. care of by calling the Soyuzivka office at Labor Day Weekend. (914) 626-5641 The l'NA's Celebration of Youth, (Continued on page 1S) 4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, i98i No. 45 Special program to recognize Ukrainian contribution to America by Dr . Walter Dushnyck MINNEAPOLIS — A special program in honor of the Ukrainian immigration and its contribution to the growth and development of America will be held at the international institute of Minnesota in St. Paul on November 14. The program, to take place in the institute's auditorium (1694 Como Ave.), is being sponsored by the Ukrainian National Association, the Minneapolis branch of the Ukrainian Congress Committee of America and the immigration History Research Center at the University of Minnesota.

Scholars to speak

The program will be opened by Prof. Rudolph J. vecoli, director of the immigration History Research Center. in turn, three scholars will present their papers: Prof. Wsevolod isajiw, professor of sociology at the University of Toronto, will present a paper on "Studying Ethnic identity Retention in North America"; Sen. Paul Yuzyk, UNA supreme director for Canada, will read a paper on "Father Toth and the Swing to Orthodoxy"; Dr. Myron B. Kuropas, UNA supreme vice president , will discuss "Ukrainian National Consciousness and the American Circle." The manuscript archives of the Ukrainian American Collection. A presentation of "Ukrainians in North America; A Select Bibliography," compiled by Halyna Myroniuk collection of its kind in the world, it has achieved 5675,000 in matching funds. Hence, individual pledges and Christine Worobec, will be made by Prof. Robert international recognition as the basic source for paid or gifts made by May 1,1983, will be honored and F. Harney, president of the Multicultural History Ukrainian American studies. Scholars come to the matched by NEH by one-third. Society of Ontario. center from the United States, Canada and Europe to The center at present embraces 25 ethnic sections, During the program, a special "immigration utilize these materials. On the basis of such research, with 35 volumes of monographs and serials, and files Scholar of the Year Award" will be presented to Prof. books and articles illuminating various aspects of the of more than 650 ethnic newpapers. Wasyl Halich by Prof, vecoli, in recognition of Prof. Ukrainian American experience are being published. The Ukrainian American Collection contains 7,000 Halich's pioneering work on Ukrainian immigration it is important that this collection continue to monographs, over 700 serial names, 80 newspaper and his book, "The Ukrainians in the United States," receive financial support from the Ukrainian commu– titles (including Kievskaia Starina, 1882-1906), and published in English in 1936. nity so that it may provide the services necessary to others. The text of the plaque reads: maintain it. Previous financial contributions, such as Among them are the archives of such known "The immigration History Research Center of the recent gifts from the UNA, the Ukrainian American Ukrainian scholars as Prof. Alexander Granovsky, University of Minnesota presents to Dr. Wasyl Halich Foundation in Memory of Roman W. Smook, and Prof. MykolaHaydak and Prof. EugeneOnatsky. The the Distinguished immigration Scholar Award in others, have provided indispensable assistance which Ukrainian newspapers, journals and calendars- recognition of his pioneering research on the Ukrai– enabled the center to employ students to help pro- almanacs reflect the religious, political and social nian American immigration." cess Ukrainian materials. views of Ukrainians both in the diaspora and in Currently, the center is involved in establishing an Ukraine. Ukrainian American Collection endowment to provide a stable income base for the The collection's address is: Ukrainian American future. A grant of S225,000 is being offered by the Collection, immigration History Research Center, The Ukrainian American Collection at the Univer– National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) 826 Berry St.. St. Paul. Minn. 55114; telephone: (612) sity of Minnesota has become the largest and richest contingent upon the University of Minnesota raising 373-5581. Prof. Wasyl Halich: distinguished immigration scholar

On Saturday, November 14, during the program relatives who came from the same villages in "Ukrainians in North America: A Historical Commemora– Ukraine, in very crowded quarters in the immigrant tion" sponsored at the University of Minnesota's sections of great industrial cities in America. As immigration History Research center by the Ukrainian unskilled workers they earned for the most part 15 National Association and the Minneapolis UCCA Branch, cents per hour before World War 1. in the coal Prof. Wasyt Halich, historian and author of the first work mines of Pennsylvania the pay was better. The work on the Ukrainian immigration in America to be published day meant labor of 10 to 12 hours, on day and night in English, will be awarded a special plaque, citing him as shifts, very few of these workers could read or "Distinguished immigration Scholar of the Year," in write, but the more ambitious learned reading and recognition of his pioneering work on Ukrainian writing in America. immigration in America. The name Ukrainian became common to most of On October 2, Dr. Walter Dushnyck met with Prof. them after 1918 and the big events in Europe helped Halich and recorded the following interview. in this realization. Prior to this they called themselves "Rusyns," "Rusnaks" or "Russians" and "Ruthenians" in English. Of these groups, the DUSHNYCK: We would like to have some Ukrainians in North Dakota, the Protestants to be personal data and information on your "Ameri– exact, to this day call themselves "Russians," while canization " process the Carpatho-Rusyns, under the influence of their HAL1CH: І was born in the village of Strilbychi, clergy, are still "Ruthenians," "Rusyns" of "Rus– in Stary Sambir county, in western Ukraine, on sians," or something in between as Prof. Paul April 6, 1896. in 1912, at the age of 16 1 came to the Prof. Wasyl Halich (left) with Dr. Walter Dush– Magocsi tries to create such a theory. Before 1915 United States and worked in a steel factory in nyck. very few of them knew any English. They cooperat– Pittsburgh before entering an American school in ed with each other in their daily life, barbered each 1915. in 1920 1 got my high school diploma at the DUSHNYCK: What motivated you to write other smd helped in moving, and in writing letters to University of Dubuque, lowa. From the same your book, "Ukrainians in the United States'? relatives in Ukraine. university І received my B.A. degree in 1924. My HAL1CH: The fact that American libraries had graduate work was done at the University of lowa almost nothing about Ukrainians before World DUSHNYCK: in your view, have the Ukrainians in lowa City, where 1 earned an M. A. degree in 1929 War 1 was a big factor in my decision to write the in the U.S. achieved as much as their Euro– and a Ph.D. degree in 1934. book. Even while in college, 1 was collecting pean neighbors - Poles. Czechs, Lithuanians, Russians? І taught history and was a football coach at materials about Ukrainian settlements in America. Elkton for three years and taught history at While looking for a field of research for my HAL1CH: After a slow start, the Ukrainian Superior Central High School in Superior, Wise, doctoral thesis, my adviser, Dr. John Thornton, Americans have made remarkable progress and for 19 years. The last 20 years Of my teaching career said that by studing Ukrainian life in the United have even surpassed some other Slavic groups. were spent at the University of Wisconsin in States, 1 would have the field to myself. During the 1920-30 decade, for example, Chicago Superior. For over 60 years 1 lived outside DUSHNYCK: Can you relate briefly the early had four Ukrainian medical doctors: two Sirae– Ukrainian centers and only occasionally 1 visited life of Ukrainian immigrants in America? novyches, Hrynevetsky and Sukhomlyn. in 1975, them. My "Americanization" process was normal HAL1CH: Not knowing at first whether they Chicago and its vicinity had 126 Ukrainian doctors and systematic, in 1935 1 visited my relatives in wished to stay in America, Ukrainians were slow in and dentists, 18 pharmacists and 15 veterinarians. Ukraine. joining organizations. They lived with friends and (Continued on page 5) No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8.19S1

^ЯШї5ЇП gaees and certificate loans. Cash surren– Scheduled is a young activists' meeting UNA district committees meet ders increased, but endowment maturi– over the last weekend of October, under " " ' ' ---i-frX^^i^! -^ійй^'^жйї; '– ""^ШаШ .-' л."^ ties decreased by 596,000. The income the direction of Marta Korduba. increase totaled more than 51 million Cleveland 1fce meeting ended with Mr. Lish– for the eight months. As of October Another UNA event is the opera chynetsky thanking both speakers for. 1, 14 percent interest was paid on concert to be held at Carnegie Hall in CLEvELAND Xf The Cleveland their informative addresses. promissory note loans for the quarter, New York C"ty on November 15. Also UNA District held an organizing meet– keeping apace with the commercial broached was the subject of the merger ing here on September 20 at St. Josa– Troy, N. v. market. of the UNA with the Ukrainian Frater– phat's Ukrainian Catholic Church in nal Association. The UNA vice presi– Parma. TROY, N.Y. - The fall organiza– However, the new UNA demand note dent also reported on the new Ukrai– "the meeting was preceded by a tional meeting of the UNA Troy Dis– at an interest rate of 9 percent will be nian refugees from Poland who are in luncheon prepared by members of UNA trict Committee was held on October 11 payable immediately upon demand, but Austria and who may be helped by Branch 112 during which Maria Fedak, at the Ukrainian Hall here with 24 to earn interest it must remain in force sending contributions to the United branch president, welcomed Wasyl branch officers and members present. for at least six months. The UNA Ukrainian American Relief Committee. building is totally rented. Mrs. Dush– Lishchynetsky, district committee Presiding at the meeting was Troy in the ensuing discussion, various chairman; Dr. Bohdan Futey, UNA District Chairman Michael Sawkiw, nyck also informed the meeting that state examiners had completed their subjects were brought up such as the supreme auditor, and Wasyl Orichow– and serving as secretaries were William Christmas cards, the delivery of Svo– sky, UNA supreme organizer. Slobodian (Ukrainian) and Russell UNA audit and reported we are "in good shape." boda and articles therein, the new The actual session was called to order Kolody (English). Mr. Sawkiw wel– refugees, visits to the district's branches, by Mr. Lishchynetsky who asked Mr. comed UNA vice President Mary The 1982 Almanac will be sent out by a senior citizens' home, the merger of Orichowsky to address the meeting. Dushnyck and all participants, and the end of November and the new UNA the two fraternals, and others. in his address, Mr. Orichowsky gave briefly reviewed the district's organizing Christmas cards, the profits from which an overview of the membership status of efforts. are applied to the UNA scholarship At the conclusion of the the. UNA and went on to focus on the He then called on Mrs. Dushnyck to fund, will be going out soon. questioii-and-answer period, Mrs. organizing work of the Cleveland address the meeting. She congratulated Dushnyck appealed to all to concen– district. He noted (hat organizing Amsterdam Branch 266 Secretary Wo– in reporting on activities at Soyu– trate for the remainder of the year on activity has decreased sharply — only lodymyr Warshona, who organized 18 zivka, Mrs. Dushnyck stated that the organizing new members in this pre-con– 26 new members were organized this members in 1980, as well as Paul UNA was honored to have Metropoli– vention year and to maintain a spirit of year. He pointed out, furthermore, that Shewchuk, secretary of Watervliet tan Stephen Sulyk visit the UNA resort fratemalism. out of 21 branches which make up the Branch 13, who had 12,followedby Mr. over the Labor Day weekend, the first in closing the meeting, Mr. Sawkiw district, only eight have taken an active Kolody, Troy Branch 191 secretary, such visit ever by a U.S. metropolitan. thanked Mrs. Dushnyck and all parti– part in the campaign to enroll new who brought in five, and Mr. Sawkiw, Successful events held at Soyuzivka cipants, and invited the gathering to a members. secretary of Cohoes Branch 57, who had included the youth festival, the art and repast prepared by Gertrude and Ok– Mr. Orichowsky noted that he is three - a total of 38 members or 54 other courses, and sports tournaments. sana Bobeliak, and Olga Harasymiak. aware that the present economic situa– percent of the district's annual quota. tion is not the most propitious' for the This year, Mr. Shewchuk and Mr. organizing of new members but that, Kolody are leading with eight members Ukrainian Free University announces courses nevertheless, given the good will of the each, and Mr. Warshona and Mr. Saw– secretaries, better results could be kiw have four apiece. Mrs. Dushnyck MACKW1LLER, France - The financial aid should indicate so on their achieved. He also noted that misunder– appealed for a concerted effort by all Ukrainian Free University in Munich applications. standings in the community should not branches to realize a least 75 percent of has announced the program of Ukrai– Applications may be sent to: Ukrain– be permitted to hamper such construc– the district's quota. nian courses to be held during the ische Freie Universitaet, Pienzenauerstr. tive efforts as the organizing campaign in reporting on the UNA overall winter recess from December 26 to 15, D-8000 Munchen 80, West Ger– to ensure the growth of the UNA so that membership figures, the speaker stated January 4 here for students age 16 and many; telephone (089) 98-69-28, or, it could better serve the Ukrainian that 155 new members were organized up. directly to: Foyer Ukrainien, Mack- community. in September, bringing the 1981 total to wilier, F-67430 Diemeringen; tele- Next to speak was Dr. Futey who. This year, the courses offered will phone: (88) 00^0-52. 1,373. She offered hints to help branch– survey the history of organized Ukrai– having completed the semiannual audit es increase their membership in order to of the UNA with other supreme audi– nian student life and Ukrainian educa– obtain the maximum number of con– tional institutions ( starting from pre– Oops! tors, gave an overview of the state of the vention delegates. UNA. He said that while the UNA has revolutionary times, going on to the Mrs. Dushnyck then reported on the World War period and to the situation in The Weekly story (October 18) experienced financial growth there was financial status of the UNA which about the Los Angeles City Council a decrease in membership. He urged both outside of Ukraine andunder the continues to improve. As of the end of Soviet regime. resolution designating September 29 as that organizing activity be stepped up to September, dues totaled 52,016,000, a a Day of Remembrance of the victims of help ensure the growth of the UNA, an decrease of only 52,000 for the compa– The cost of the courses is 50 Deutsche the Babyn Yar massacre, the city coun– institution which is of vital importance rable period in 1980. There was an mark or the equivalent and 20 DM for cil president's names was misspelled, it to the Ukrainian community. increase in interest from bonds, mort– room and board, individuals in need of should have been given as Joel Wachs.

managed to have President Wilson declare a HAL1CH: The innumerable services of the Prof. Wasyl Halich... "Ukrainian Tag Day" and they were befriended by Ukrainian National Association, of Svoboda and (Continuedfrom paf c 4) a number of U.S. senators and congressmen who The Ukrainian Weekly are so great and beneficial About 18 years ago 1 wrote an article for interceded on behalf of nascent Ukrainian that it would be impossible to assess them in a few Svoboda, in which 1 listed nearly 200 names of statehood. paragraphs. Take, for example, the publication in Ukrainian professors in American colleges and DUSHNYCK: Do you see progress in the English of Michael Hrushevsky's "History of universities, but the number is said to be, at least treatment of Ukrainians by the U.S. govern– Ukraine" in 1940 —a first unbiased history, by a 250. it is much more than the Russians can claim, ment, especially as relates to the aspirations of the great Ukrainian historian, was given to the world. unless some Jews are listed as Russians. Ukrainian people to freedom and independence? Since 1940 it has had four reprintings by Yale and Toronto universities. An entire book can be written The Ukrainians are now well organized. They HAL1CH: With, the arrival of the Ukrainian have some magnificent churches and great musical about the accomplishments of these vital Ukrainian political immigrants in 1949-50, the significance of American institutions. The UNA scholarships for and dancing and folklore ensembles, in ethnic the Ukrainian community in America was aug– urban festivals they often walk away with first UNA members are a great and worthy undertaking. mented to a great degree. They brought skilled These institutions are able to render services to the prizes, in Milwaukee, for instance, they (Ameri– leadership. Unfortunately, as it always happens, the cans) stopped giving prizes because the Ukrainians Ukrainian American community in proportion to same "new people" brought with them some "old the means and support of the people given to them. had taken so many first prizes that other ethnic world" differences, which for a while hindered the groups are envious. Let's hope that this progress and development will solidarity of the Ukrainian community. One i grow steadily. in many fields of endeavor in American life, conspicuous business success, for example, is in Ukrainians work side by side with other skillful Wisconsin Dells, where the Ukrainians started a DUSHNYCK: How do you see the future of the Americans, which is a remarkable progress. motel business, and they now own some 45 motels. DUSHNYCK: During the Ukrainian revolution Ukrainian American community? As far as political progress is concerned, the door (1917-20), do you think U.S. Ukrainians could is open now for Ukrainians in Washington, maybe HAL1CH: The structure of the Ukrainian have done more to help Ukraine? not to the extent they would like, but we now have American society - after the 100-year-old expe– HAL1CH: With the death of Bishop Soter an impressive number of skilled people in various rience, is basically sound. But there is a danger on Ortynsky in 1916, the Ukrainians lost their very branches of our national government. Unfortuna– the horizon, as evidenced by the recent experience able leader, who probably could have helped tely, America as yet does not fully realize the at the convention of the Ukrainian Congress Ukraine to get recognition by the U.S. government. significance of Ukraine to its security, and the Committee of America. The economic position of The Ukrainians were too poor and there were too Ukrainian American leadership should designate the Ukrainian community is bright in every respect. many enemies who prevented Ukrainian Ameri– the goal of having the U.S. recognize this fact. The cooperation among responsible leaders is cans from playing a more helpful role. They did not extremely important for the common good not only have a strong and unified organization or strong DUSHNYCK: Can you assess the role and for Ukrainian Americans, but for the enslaved leadership. Furthermore, they just re-established contributions of the UNA. Svoboda and The Ukrainian people who look for our guidance and their contacts with their relatives in Ukraine, who Ukrainian Weekly in the general progress of the support for their freedom and independence among appealed for financial help more than ever. Yet they Ukrainian community in America? the peoples of the free world. 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. NOVEMBER 8,1981 No. 45 Letters to the editor of course, Stefan Palylyk of Yonkers, N.Y.: 1 loudly applaud your letters and your sincere Ukrainian souls. We need Mixed marriages...againmor e thoughtful and active 'Ukrainian patriots like yourselves. We have Dear Editor: enough pressures to completely assimi– late (and therefore, lose our identities in І would like to add some comments a mumbo-jumbo, rootless melting pot) Ukrainian WeeHї regarding Stefan Palylyk's letter, "On without a Ukrainian encouraging it. The Folly of Mixed Marriages" (Sep– tember 6), and the three responding letters (September 27). І think The Ukrainian Weekly should Playing for high stakes occasionally publish the addresses and First, to Danylo B. Dobrjanskyj of books of those Ukrainian organizations Flushing, N.Y.: You state that we provided by Mr. Tyshovnyts'ky and of As the diplomatic jousting and fingerpointing resumed at the Ukrainians have to become a part of the Ukrainian Pen Pal Association in Madrid Conference on October 27, it soon became evident that the this nation's socio-economic structure. І New Jersey. stonewalling Soviets, raked over the coals for their awful human- ask you, since when are we not a part of І am a 20-year old male student at rights record during the first phase of the meeting, are planning to talk the socio-economic structure? And, Northern Hlinois University studying the Helsinki process to death in this latest (if not last) phase. what has that to do with mixed mar– international relations (political riages? Ukrainians have worked hard, science) and the Russian language. І At this point, the key stumbling block is East– West disagreement on saved and contributed much to the hope to work for the United States a host of security-related issues ranging from zones of notification to a United States. We are making our mark Foreign Service in the Soviet Union follow-up disarmament parley. Even though the gulf separating both on American society. We have a higher (where more Ukrainian-speaking per– sides appears insurmountable, neither side wants to call it quits and percentage of home ownership than the sonnel are needed), in this way 1 hope to take the blame for putting the final nail in the coffin of detente. average American. We also have our contribute my share to the Ukrainian fair share of doctors, lawyers, dentists, cause. 1, too, will marry only a Ukrai– But there is more at stake at Madrid than the vestiges of a badly engineers, accountants, etc., and many nian girl. And this does not mean that І frayed foreign-policy concept first put forth by Richard Nixon. Much college students. We are an economi– will become or stay socio-economically more. What is at stake is the fate of hundreds of courageous Soviet cally successful, yet ethnically conscious disadvantaged. І say hurray for Ukrai– citizens who looked to the human-rights provisions of the 1975 group. nian patriotism! Helsinki Accords as a yet another means of pressuring their Marrying someone within one's own Wolodymyr Dmytro Bilocerkowycz government into guaranteeing certain rights and privileges, many ethnic group does not mean becoming Park Ridge, ill. already outlined in the Soviet Constitution, and drawing the or staying socio-economically disad– international community's attention to the flagrant rights violations in vantaged. Nor does it "leave nothing to the USSR. our future generations except a feeling of frustration and the familiar quote: 'it What Kean meeting? This November 9 marks the fifth anniversary of the formation of might have been,' "as you stated. Since one such group — the Ukrainian Public Group to Promote the when does marrying someone Ukrai– Dear Editor: implementation of the Helsinki Accords — which was established in nian do any of the above? On the Kiev by Mykola Rudenko, Oles Berdnyk, Oksana Meshko, Oleksiy contrary, two Ukrainians marrying An article "Tom Kean hosts Republi– each other will leave much more than can club" which appeared in the No– Tykhy, Gen. Petro Grigorenko, Mykola Matusevych, Myroslav any mixed-marriage can ever hope to vember 1 issue of The Ukrainian Week– Marynovych, ivan Kandyba, Lev Lukianenko and Nina Strokata. leave: continuance of a unique and ly, reports on a meeting sponsored by Mr. Berdnyk was a science fiction writer, Mr. Kandyba a lawyer, beautiful culture, stability, familial the Ukrainian American Republican Mr. Rudenko a poet, and Mr. Marynovych an electrical engineer. But values and security, in addition to socio- Club of Essex County and moderated whatever their backgrounds, the 10 members of this core group were economic status (through the ethnic by its president Andrew Keybida, with united in their belief that the brutally repressive regime in Moscow had hard-work ethic). This is not a "ghetto Tom Kean, the New Jersey Republican to be held accountable for the countless transgressions of domestic, mentality." candidate for governor. This article also moral and international law it had perpetrated for decades against its identifies us as being present at this citizens. You also state: "Our future as an meeting. Soon, they were joined by like-minded Ukrainian political activists, ethnic group demands political, econo– mic and social prominence in America." who viewed the Helsinki Accords as yet another legalistic justification With all due respect to Mr. Keybida How can you speak of "our future as an and the Ukrainian American Republi– for their national" and human-rights activities. ethnic group" while discouraging intra– can Club of Essex County, we are not Pred ictably, Soviet authorities viewed their actions as seditious and group (Ukrainian) marriages and en– members of this club, we did not attend a possible threat to the status quo. Even as compliance with the couraging inter-group (mixed) marri– the described meeting, nor are we aware Helsinki Accords was being reviewed in Belgrade in 1977, Messrs. ages? Our future as an ethnic group of any such meeting ever taking place. Rudenko and Tykhy were sentenced to labor-camp and exile terms. demands only that we survive as a Unfortunately, the milk-livered final communique from Belgrade said distinct ethnic group through Ukrai– The photo accompanying the article nothing about Soviet rights violations. nian marriages and the rearing of was actually taken during a photo Despite these repressive-measures; membership in the Ukrainian children in a Ukrainian atmosphere at session in conjunction with a general home. Since when can't two married, Helsinki monitoring group continued to grow, with some members meeting of 21 ethnic groups on July 22 ethnically conscious Ukrainians have a and was reported on in the September 7 joining while in prison or exile. nice home in the suburbs, financial issue of America. security, upward mobility and happi– But by 1980, with Moscow desperately trying to rid the country of Z. Onufryk ness? political "undesirables" before the start of the Moscow Summer Luba Ostapiak Olympics, the Ukrainian Helsinki Group was all but destroyed. Of 37 Mykola Hrehorovich To Sally Mesyk of Chicago, Omelian Andrew Hrehorovich members, 25 were imprisoned, two were in exile, one was in a M. Tyshovnyts'ky of Los Angeles, and Morris County, N.J. psychiatric hospital, one had committed suicide and six were expelled from the Soviet Union. The point, of course, is that as long as the Helsinki process continues, the suffering of the Helsinki monitors and their work in TO THE WEEKLY CONTR1BUTORS: promoting the cause of human rights in the Soviet Union will not have been in vain. We greatly appreciate the materials — feature articles, news stories, press Western delegations at Madrid, therefore, must not succumb to clippings, letters to the editor, and the like — we receive from our readers. Soviet gamesmanship and stalling tactics and repeat the mistakes in order to facilitate preparation of The Ukrainian Weekly, we ask that the made at Belgrade. Clearly, the Madrid meeting will probably not lead guidelines listed below be followed. to the outright release of Ukrainian political prisoners and Helsinki Ф News stories should be sent in not later than 10 days after the occurrence of a monitors, but Western insistence on a strongly worded communique given event. condemning Soviet and Eastern Bloc human-rights violations will Ф information about upcoming events must be received by noon of the Monday demonstrate that we in the free world have not forsaken those for before the date of The Weekly edition in which the information is to be published. whom the universal concepts of freedom and justice are equally Ь All materials must be typed and double spaced. important. A repeat of the Belgrade fiasco or, worse, a total collapse of Ф Newspaper and magazine clippings must be accompanied by the name of the Helsinki process, would compound their suffering with the terrible the publication and the date of the edition. Ф Photographs submitted for publication must be black and white (or color with reality that they are truly and horribly alone. good contrast). They will be returned only when so requested and accompanied by a stamped, addressed envelope. On the fifth anniversary of the formation of the Ukrainian Public в Correct English-language spellings of names must be provided. Group to Promote the implementation of the Helsinki Accords we e MATER1A1S MUST BE SENT D1RECT1Y TO: THE UKRA1N1AN WEEKLY, 30 ought to remind our government representatives that, despite Soviet MONTGOMERY ST., JERSEY C1TY, N.J. 07302. shenanigans, the Helsinki process must be preserved and bolstered, and the Helsinki monitors in the USSR must never be forgotten. Thank you for your interest and cooperation. -Editor No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, i98i 7 On the state of contemporary Ukrainian church art and architecture as a tool in imperial, colonial and emigration politics. these rituals required a special kind of architecture and xv Numerous archaeological finds attest to this fact. site arrangement of the churches. That is the reason Through the ages, all conquerors, colonists and site planning was of utmost importance. This is part of an ongoing series of interviews with і і t prominent Ukrainian architects, artists and clergy on immigrants brought with them their architecture, their public and sacred buildings as well as living quarters the state of contemporary Ukrainian church art and Some of our younger architects have made architecture. which were adapted to the climatic conditions of their new settlement. Such was the case with the Greeks, derogatory reference both in their public lectures and in examining the state of contemporary Ukrainian in writing about our wooden churches, referring to church architecture, The Weekly seeks to create a Romans, Scandinavians. Scythians. Muslims, Spaniards, Poles. Russians and Anglo-Saxons, to them as "peasant architecture," implying that this forum for the expression of diverse views and to allow architecture cannot serve as inspiration for building in the participants, in a spirit of critical examination and name a few. None of them adopted the sacral architecture of the subjugated land. They did this for other materials or for the creation of veritable works rethinking, to appraise the state of contemporary of art. How wrong they are! This only bespeaks their Ukrainian church art and architecture as one manifes– several reasons: the imperialists — in order to assert their power and leave an imprint of their domination, ignorance of the history of world architecture and tation of the state of our culture. their disregard for the role that this "peasant The interviews were conducted by ika Koznarska to flaunt a higher standard of civilization, and often to convert the indigenous population to their religion, architecture" has played in the development and thus ensuring assimilation; the colonists and preservation of our own national identity. І should like to remind them that classical Greek temples which ivan Zayac, immigrants — mainly to preserve their national identity and partly due to nostalgia. were .built in marble derived originally from the former judge and wooden architecture of earlier periods; the trigliphes architect, holds a Remains of Greek temples can be found in the which are carved out in marble are a reminder of the master's in law former colonies of Greece on the Mediterranean and ornamented ends of the wooden beams. The degree from King the Black seas; Greek Byzantine churches are found borrowing of forms originally developed in wood and Jan Kazimierz throughout the various lands of their settlement. The their subsequent transformation in stone may become (now, ivan Fran– same holds true for Roman imperial structures, quite a masterpiece in the hands of talented architects. ko) University in Spanish churches and the Russian churches built for Ukrainian architecture is replete with such examples. І Lviv as well as a embassies abroad, etc. would advise these architects to study them and also to master's degree But one would be hard pressed to find the temples of read the "Povist vremennykh Lit" as well as some in diplomatic the conquerors in the style of the subjugated peoples current reports on present-day archaeological activity sciences and a or the churches of the colonists built in the style of the in Ukraine in order to understand the development of degree from the host nation. There is an exception to this universal the dualism of styles in our church architecture. Lviv Conserva– phenomenon — the sad anomaly often presented by the Ukrainian churches built in the diaspora. Lack of This is not the place to elaborate on this, suffice it to tory. He did post- note that the craftsmanship of building was quite graduate work at funds or convenience cannot be an excuse for buying a church abandoned by others and foreign to our spirit. highly developed in the eighth and nineth centuries, the institute of volodymyr the Great, a viking by birth and Comparative in– Otherwise, history will judge us as fodder for other nations. upbringing, whose viking name was Waldemar (all ternational Law at the Sorbonne in Paris. our volodymyrs who go by the name of Walter should Mr. Zayac studied architecture at L'Ecole Attaching a cupola to a Gothic Protestant church or take note of this), persecuted the Christians and then, Superieure National des Beaux Arts in Paris and at the adding on a cross or installing an iconostas in a after his conversion to Christianity, acting in typically Cooper Union in New York where he graduated in synagogue, as in the case of St. viadimir's Ukrainian neophyte zeal, ordered the destruction of all the pagan 1953. He has been working as a registered architect Orthodox Cathedral in New York, will not make the temples and the erection of Christian churches in the since 1960. church Ukrainian. Byzantine style on their site. He commissioned master Mr. Zayac has worked with foremost architectural t t і builders from the Greek colony Korsun (Khersones) to firms, including Mies van der Rohe, Philip Johnson, While traveling through Ukraine, in large cities or build the Church of the Tithe. But all the churches Edward Durell Stone and І.М. Pei. Mr. Zayac is small towns with mixed populations, one can which were built subsequently, including such a presently with Edward Larrabee Barnes in New York. immediately recognize a Ukrainian church in masterpiece as the St. Sophia in Kiev and Sviata Among his own projects are the "grazhda"adjoin– whatever period or style it might be built — a Polish , Piatnytsia in Chernihiv were built by local Ukrainian ing St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic Church in church ("kosciol"), a Jewish synagogue, a Russian (Ruthenian) builders and craftsmen who transformed Hunter, N.Y.; several private homes and a retirement church or, in certain regions, even a mosque. The the Byzantine style into what is known as the Princely community in Meadowbrook, N.J. architecture speaks for itself, never leaving any Style. Mr. Zayac has given lectures on: "Architecture as a ambiguity as to what it is. (An exception would be the We do not know what the original pagan temples Tool of Colonial and Emigration Politics" for the Ukrainian church and the collegiate "kosciol" in looked like. The extant written records and the Shevchenko Scienctific Society in New York, "Mathe– Kreminets in volhynia, where, as a result of the chronicles which were censored by the Greek matics. Numbers and Architecture"for the Ukrainian religious wars, the Ukrainians were forced to imitate hierarchy during the reign of volodymyr Monomakh, Academy of Arts and Sciences; and most recently, on the Poles while the Poles adopted Ukrainian exterior do not provide us with any clues or illustrations. But in "The Political and Religious influences on Ukrainian forms for their Roman Catholic churches in order to the villages, the peasants who opposed the spread of Sacral Architecture" at a meeting of the Ukrainian lure the Ukrainians.) Christianity in its Byzantine form, preserving all our Engineers' Society of America held in Philadelphia in contrast, while traveling through America, one pagan rites, never accepted the Byzantine style this April. ^ might easily overlook a newly built Ukrainian church imposed by foreigners. The distinct characteristics of Many of his lectures and papers on architecture and because it lacks a Ukrainian "spirit." What is this their wooden architecture, whose origins can be traced art have been published in Ukrainian professional "spirit" ? all the way back to the neolithic age, flourished in every publications and periodicals. Every nation is an individuality. Our individuality region and tribe. Since it was the peasant stock of our Mr. Zayac is member of the New York Academy of can be traced all the way back to the paleolithic age. in nation which, impervious to the influence of foreign Sciences, the American Association for the Advance– the neolithic age, the Trypillian culture, which spread forces, developed its own art and architecture through ment of Science (Washington), as well as the Ukrainian to the south by way of the Balkans and Greece where it the ages, it is here that we have to search for the spirit of Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Shevchenko gave rise to the Mycean culture of Crete, developed, it our nation. The "enlightened "part of our nation often Scientific Society and the Ukrainian Engineers' underwent further development by the Greeks, and accepted foreign influences, even to the point of Society of America. returned to the territory of Ukraine by way of the desertion for material gains. Greek colonies on the north coast of the Black Sea and it is because of this peasant stock that our nation І would like to address myself to a very important via the commercial routes along the Dnieper. withstood the Tatar invasions of the 13th centuries, question which 1 feel has not been touched upon in this Our decorative arts reached such a high level of and 600 years of persecution by Poles, Hungarians, series; namely, that of our political status in the craftsmanship and aesthetic value, that the Greek Turks, Rumanians and Russians. These usurpers countries which have offered us refuge. Given our historian Herodotus is known to have referred to our brought with them their architecture but they never situation, we should ask ourselves what is ultimately ancestors, the Antes and the Scythians, as "Greek- succeeded in forcing us to build in their style and our aim - to assimilate or to preserve юиг national like." manner. identity, if it is the latter, how are we to ensure our Throughout the centuries, with the change from al The earliest occupants of our national territory, survival as a national entity? hunting to an agricultural culture, there was a south of the high ridge of the Carpathian mountains in this context, there is a great misconception in our concomitant change in the religious beliefs 'of our were the Hungarians. They settled and built their midst even among our political leaders. We have ancestors. They developed an elaborate system of fortresses on the outskirts of the valleys (Khust, generally come to the label "ethnics" given us by the rituals of thanksgiving to the friendly gods and spirits, Uzhhorod, Mukachevo, etc.), and only ventured out Anglo-Saxons, with the term's connotation of not and of propitiation of the destructive ones. Even after into the mountains sporadically to conduct their raids. quite being full-fledged citizens. Christianization, our ancestors did not relinquish, for Our mountaineers builtobservation towers from which ironically, we are just as much intruders in this land, some 200 years, the rites developed through the course they could watch the advance of the raiders. With as are the intruders in our homeland. Given that the of centuries. Thus, the existence of a dual faith. The time, the towers were integrated into the building style indigenous population of America was massacred or church, in turn, was forced to incorporate these rituals in a manner of a defensive fortress and so there subdued by the Anglo-Saxons and the Spaniards who into the church rite, and it is this which differentiates emerged the Lemko style of our churches. Later the then proceeded to impose their rule and language, let our rite so clearly even from that of our close Hungarians forbade the building of churches with us consider this land a "vacuum" and ourselves neighbors. three cupolas; they also forbade praying and colonists of a proud nation, equal de jure to the There is the observance of ivan Kupalo, our preaching in our language. The services were original colonists, and not as fodder for assimilation, Christmas carols, Christmas-eve dinner, Yordan, conducted in Hungarian until Hungary lost World it is from this standpoint that we should proceed in the "Shchedryi vechir," the "shchedrivky," the blessing of War 1 in 1918 and Subcarpathia passed under Czecho– building of our churches and community facilities. the paska and the rich Ukrainian tradition of the Slovak domination. The Czechs lifted all restrictions blessing of the homev livestock and harvest, the and bans. wedding rituals ("vesillia"). 'e(c-.,- jn all of them one (Continued on page 12) Since prehistoric times architecture has been used can find traces of pagan rituals and observances. All No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. NOVEMDIK 8. ш McMaster University conference The Ukrainian-Russian question The organizing committee of the first conference on Russian-Ukrainian relations, titled examines Ukrainian-Russian relations "Ukraine and Russia in Their Historical Encounter," which was held on October 8-9, at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ont, invited Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn to be a participant. by Dr . Jaroslaw Pelenski (University of Wisconsin), who deli vcr– Mr. Solzhenitsyn responded to the invitation with an "Open Letter" and an additional ed a paper on "Myth and History in the statement to the conference. Both were published before the conference took place, first HAMILTON, om. - A conference Evolution of Ukrainian Conscious– in the Russian-language press, among others in Novoye Russkoye Slovo on June 21 (No. on Russian-Ukrainian relations, titled ness." 25,541), and in a Ukrainian translation in Svoboda on August, 5, 6 and 7(Nos. 145,146, "Ukraine and Russia in Their Historical The fifth session pertained to cultural 147). Encounter" took place on October 8-9 relations. Among the speakers were Mr. Solzhenitsyn's open letter was read at the conference. Prof. Jaroslaw Pelenski at McMaster University here. Prof. James Cracraft (Ulinois and commented on this letter on behalf of the conference organizers. Harvard), "The Mask of Culture: The English-language texts of Mr. Solzhenitsyn's open letter and Prof. Pelenski's The McMaster Conference on Rus– Baroque Art in Russia and Ukraine, commentary are published here as documents which should be of interest to our readers. sian-Ukrainian relations was the first 1600-1750," and Prof. George Gra– scholarly endeavor of its kind and an bowicz (Harvard), "Ukrainian-Russian important social and cultural event in Literary Relations in the 19th Century: "Open Letter" by Solzhenitsyn the lives of the Ukrainian and Russian A Formulation of the Problem." The communities in the diaspora. The pro– chairman of the session was Prof. Paul To: the conference on Russian-Ukrainian relations ceedings of the conference will be pub– R. Magocsi (Toronto), and the com– Harvard Ukrainian Research institute lished as a separate volume. mentator was Prof. Yuri Glazov (Dal– housie). Prof. Martha Chomiak-Bo– May 1 express my sincere appreciation for inviting me toattend your conference. institutions instrumental in the reali– hachevsky (Manhattanville College), Unfortunately, my intensive work schedule makes it impossible for me to leave at zation of the conference were: the who could not personally attend the this time and participate in any social activity. interdepartmental Committee on Com– conference, submitted her paper on However, 1 should like to seize this opportunity to expound certain ideas in munist and East European Affairs at "Ukrainian and Russian Women: Co- writing to which, 1 feel, your invitation has entitled me. McMaster University and the Centre operation and Conflict." for Russian and East European Studies There is no doubt that the Russian-Ukrainian problem is one of the major current issues and, certainly, of crucial importance to our peoples. Yet, it seems to at the University of Toronto — as The sixth session involved religious me that the red-hot passion and the resultant sizzling temperatures are pernicious organizers; the Chair of Ukrainian questions, and was chaired by Prof. to that cause. Studies at the University of Toronto, Nicholas v. Riasanovsky (California, in the Stalinist camps my Russian friends and 1 always stood up like one man McMaster University, Social Sciences Berkeley). The speakers included the Rt. with the Ukrainians — a solid wall against communism with no room for and Humanities Research Council of Rev. Alexander Schmeman (St. viadi– denunciations and accusations. And the Russian Social Fund which 1 have created Canada, University of Toronto, and the mir Orthodox Theological Seminary), in recent years extends help broadly to Ukrainian and Lithuanian political volkswagen Foundation — as spon– "Ukrainian-Russian Dialogue: The prisoners, certainly to no less an extent than to the Russians,and no difference is sors. Religious Dimension," and Prof. Boh– made between nationalities - all that matters are the victims of communism. dan R. Bociurkiw (Carleton Univer– is not this current intense rage of passions an emigre affliction — the loss of a Thirty-three scholars from the United sity), "The issues of Ukrainization and sense of direction? in fact, very little is done to combat communism (some major States, Canada and Germany partici– independence of the Orthodox Church emigre groupings are still contaminated by socialist Utopias) and the thrust of pated in eight sessions of the confe– in Ukrainian-Russian Relations Since passions is wasted on accusing one's brothers. І venture to suggest that the rence, which were attended also by 1917," whose papers were commented emigration reveals a certain tendency to overestimate its understanding and its approximately 80 guests. upon by the Rev. Michael Bordeaux (Keston College). perception of the true sentiments in the homeland, in particular, those who left The conference was opened with their homeland long ago or were not even born there. And should your conference remarks by Dr. A. A. Lee (president, initiate a fundamental dialogue on Russian-Ukrainian relations, you must never, McMaster University), in the first in the seventh session,which dwelled for a minute, forget that relations between peoples and not between emigres are session of the conference which cen– upon political relations, the following involved. tered on the themes of medieval speakers took part: Prof. Gotthold Moreover, this issue, unfortunately, quickly slides down from a moral height, and early modern history, the following Rhode (Mainz University, Germany), loses all conceivabledepth,and its historical perspective is reduced but to the cutting individuals took part: chairman — "Russo-Ukrainian Relations and Po– edge: separatism or federation (as if all problems ended on this side of that chord). Prof. Marc Raeff (Columbia); speakers land, 1918-21," and Prof. Yaroslav Am 1, perhaps, supposed to react to this question alone? — Prof. Jaroslaw Pelenski (iowa), "The Bilinsky (Delaware), "Political Rela– І have repeatedly stated and am reiterating here and now that no one can be Problem of'Kievan inheritance,'"Prof. tions Between Russians and Ukrainians retained by force, none of the antagonists should resort to coercion towards the Edward L. Keenan (Harvard), "Mus– in the USSR, the 1970s and Beyond." other side or towards its own side, the people on the whole or any small minority it covy and the East-Slavic West Before An "Open Letter" by Aleksandr 1. embraces, for each minority contains, in turn, its own minority. And the wishes of a 1654," Prof. Hans J. Torke (Free Solzhenitsyn to conference participants group of 50 people should be heeded just as much as the wishes of 50 million. University of Berlin, Germany), "Mus– was read by Prof. Gleb Zekulin (Toron– Whatever the circumstances, the local viewpoint should be sought and covite-Ukrainian Relations in the 17th to). Prof. Jaroslaw Pelenski (iowa) implemented. And therefore, all problems can only be truly settled by the local Century"; commentator - Prof. Omel– provided a response to Mr. Solzhenit– population and not in remote emigre disputes tainted by a distorted judgement. jan Pritsak (Harvard Ukrainian Re- syn's "Open Letter." Prof. John A. This unrealistic atmosphere is, alas, well known. Just one characteristic example: search institute). Armstrong (Wisconsin) and Prof. Ro– last yearl published an article in the American Foreign Affairs journal; its content man Szporluk' (University of Michi– and purpose: to warn the West against being lulled into the assumption that the gan) served as the commentators of the The second session was devoted to greatest Communist evil that beset mankind for the past half a century (even two session which was chaired by Prof. the problems of modern history, its centuries, beginning with the Jacobins) was a national Russian phenomenon. І Franklyn J. C. Griffiths (Toronto). speakers included Prof. Raeff, "impe– emphasized that all peoples who have been enslaved by communism during any rial Russia and Ukraine: intellectual decade and in any part of the planet Earth are (or may become) its victims, it would and Political Encounters, 17th-19th The eighth session, in the form ot seem that in our time and age when communism has been swarming in the festering Centuries," Prof. Edgar Hoesch (Mu– a "round table" discussion, was dedi– hotbeds of all four continents, seized half of the world and found volunteers to do its nich University, Germany), "The Ukrai– cated to the problems of Russian- bidding in each of the nations — there would be no room for such false prejudice, nian Policy of Paul 1," and Prof. John Ukrainian dialogue. The session was co- particularly, among those peoples and nations who had contact with communism. S. Reshetar Jr. (University of Washing- chaired by Prof. Gleb Zekulin (Toron– However, 1 was stunned by the vehemently hostile and utterly paradoxical reaction ton, Seattle), "Ukrainian and Russian to) and Prof. Peter J. Potichnyj (Mc– to my article (not a word in it against the Ukraine) on the part of a certain segment Perceptions of the Ukrainian Revolu– Master) and included the following of the Ukrainian public in the United States of America. By way of example: there is tion." The session was chaired by Prof. speakers: Prof. Omeljan Pritsak (Har– L. Dobriansky's article in the Congressional Record of June 1980, then, the Robert H. Johnston (McMaster), and vard). Prof. Nicholas v. Riasanovsky pamphlet "The Captured Nations in the 1980,", published by the Ukrainian the commentary was provided by Prof, (California, Berkeley), Dr. vasyl Hry– Congress Committee. Yet, 1 was castigated for my statement that the Russian ivan L. Rudnytsky (University of shko (Seattle), Natalia Gorbanievskaia people like all the others were enslaved by communism (and no special rights were Alberta). (Kontinent, Paris) and Gen. Petro claimed for the Russian people) - for this alone, 1 was blasted with a shower of The third session dealt with economy Grigorenko (New York). accusations such as being a champion of "militant Russian nationalism,""Russian chauvinism" and, by implication, a "communist quisling." Prof. Dobriansky's and demography, it was chaired by The conference was organized by the article teems with a frenzied,obsessively redundant hatred of Russians while Russia Prof. William D. G. Hunter (Mc– following committee members: Profs. is spoken of in Marxist terms and modern communism is referred to as mythical Master), and its speakers included Prof, Gleb Zekulin (director. Centre communism! The pamphlet also resorts to the popular Leninist formula about ivan Koropeckyj (Temple University), for Russian and East European Studies, Russia. To the present day, the authors of the pamphlet persist in referring to "A Century of Moscow-Ukraine Eco– University of Toronto), Peter J. Poti– Mainland China and Tibet as countries seized by Russians and to the Russian nomic Relations: An interpretation." chnyj (chairman, interdepartmental people as the oppressors of the world (we wonder whether by inference the Russians and Prof. Ralph S. Clem (Florida Committee on Communist and East themselves are supposed to thrive....), in the summer of 1980, at a Ukrainian international University), "Demograp– European Affairs, McMaster Univer– meeting in Buffalo during the "Captive Nations Week" the main speaker labored hic Change Among Russians and U– sity). Jaroslaw Pelenski (department of the idea as follows: Solzhenitsyn is indifferent to the enslaved peoples, he is sick and krainians in the Soviet Union: Social. history. University of iowa), Paul R. needs treatment (excellent Soviet phraseology!). Communism is a myth! he Economic and Political implications." Magocsi (Chair of Ukrainian Studies. proclaimed. Beware, not of the Communists, but of the Russians who want to The papers were commented upon by University oi і orould); Prof. Peter Woroby (Regina Univcr– conquer the world. (Russians - whose birth rate fell below a critical level, whose millions are starving, whose advocates of religious and national consciousness are sity). The following individuals served on flung into prison.) The fourth session, which constituted the advisory committee: Profs. the evening program featured keynote Zekulin. Riasanovsky.Raeff.Potichnyj These empnatic professions of a "mythical communism" may lure us all yet into speaker Prof. John A. Armstrong Peienski and Bilinskv. 1 becoming slaves on five continents and for 10 successive generations. Apparently, J5^^^^m„„^„„„„„„„^THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8. i98i „„„^1 there is no need for America to sober up and take stock of world communism, there his native Russia and abroad, he had dared to expound highly unpopular views and being no such problem per se. to bring to our immediate attention the most tragic and appalling 20th century indeed, in such an atmosphere and in such a state of benightedness there is no upheavals and conditions experienced by the nations of Eastern Europe. His point in discussing the issue — any dialogue and conference would be fruitless. A courage to voice dissident opinions is acknowledged not only by his admirers, but sound assessment of the present and the future can only be deduced from an also by those who otherwise do not share his views on many fundamental issues, understanding of communism as an international, historical and metaphysical evil among, whom 1 certainly would count myself. and not simply as Moscow's doings. (And any-socialist aspect invariably Mr. Solzhenitsyn belongs among the few prominent contemporary Russians camouflages and diminishes the villainous irreversibility of communism.) who have chosen to address themselves in their writings to the problem of Russian– Listening to these smug assailants one wonders: do they really take themselves to Ukrainian relations, which is the principal subject of today's conference. Although be Christians? But sowing hatred among peoples has never done any good to any his contribution to the understanding of Russian-Ukrainian relations may not be side. Mutual goodwill should supersede and transcend razor-edged controversies. impressive in quantitative terms, the opinions he has ventured to express on the The principle of self-restraint and repentance must underlie any approach to relations between the two peoples, as they are most explicitly revealed in Part v of national problems. his monumental "Gulag Archipelago" (English translation fNew York: Harper Se. І am particularly pained by the fierce intolerance that rages around the Russian- Row, 1976J, pp. 44-46), bespeak a caring and sharing individual who is deeply Ukrainian question (detrimental to both nations and beneficial only to their involved in andsincerelyconcerned with the destinies of the two peoples and of the enemies) because of my Russian-Ukrainian origin and because 1 was raised under relations between them. the combined influence of both cultures and 1 have never experienced, nor do І For this reason, 1, as well as other members of the organizing and advisory now, even the slightest antagonism between the two. On various occasions 1 wrote committees of the conference, felt it only natural that a discussion of Russian- and publicly spoke of the Ukraine and her people, of the tragedy of the Ukrainian Ukrainian problems would be more fruitful if the views of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn famine. І have quite a few old friends in the Ukraine and to me the sufferings of as an individual and as the most distinguished representative of that current in Russians and Ukrainians alike invariably occupy equal space in the Communist- Russian cultural and social thought which for lack of a better term can be described enslaved peoples, in my heartfelt perception there is no room for a Russian- as national, populist-conservative and Orthodox-religious, were publicly aired at Ukrainian conflict and should, heaven forbid, the issue ever come to a head 1 can this first-of-its-kind academic endeavor, which 1 hope will inspire similar scholarly safely affirm: under no circumstances and at no time shall 1 participate in a conferences on Russian-Ukrainian relations in the future. Russian-Ukrainian clash or allow my sons to do so - whoever the reckless Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's attitudes toward the Ukrainian people and Russian- hotheads who would try to drag us into it may be. Ukrainian relations are characterized by an ambivalent approach, symptomatic of But in the thick of the population which suffers from communism daily there is the intellectual and cultural traditions from which he descended. His predisposition no mutual intolerance, all problems are viewed in depth and with a greater sense of toward Ukrainians as a people and Ukraine as a country is humane and responsibility. And our mutual 20th century problems arenotsolved solely by the compassionate, in contradistinction to many Russians, both at home and abroad, fact that once one of our branches fell under the Tatars and the other under the he not only speaks with empathy of the Petliurovites (Petliurivtsi), who in his own Poles or by arguing whether ilya Muromets served Kiev as a Russian or a words "were merely Ukrainian townsfolk and peasants who wanted to order their Ukrainian. The Russian-Ukrainian dialogue cannot simply follow the line of lives without our (Russian) interference," and openly admits that during the divergencies and divisions but should also embark upon the path of common revolutionary period of 1917-20 "we fthe Russians), immediately crossed the characteristics which are not readily dismissed. We should draw on the plight and border which we had recognized and imposed our rule on our blood brethren," but the national ordeals of our people (all peoples of Western Europe, in fact) and not he also has kind words to say about the Ukrainian nationalists with whom he on the experience of discord. Six years ago 1 already attempted to express this shared the gulag experience and whom he credits with having played an important concept in an address to the Strasbourg conference of Communist-enslaved nations ' role in organizing strikes and mutinies that were undertaken in the most notorious and am enclosing it now with the request to make it public at your conference. of the Soviet camps. Thus, so much for my comments in the suggested discussion. Both in his major work, the "Gulag Archipelago" which is permeated with This communication may be considered as an open letter. observations indicative of a fertile mind with a keen sense of history, and in the With best wishes. open letter to the conference, he has openly acknowledged the significance of the Sincerely yours, Ukrainian problem and the crucial importance of Russian-Ukrainian relations. On Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn the other hand, some of his political propositions, such as ascribing equal moral „^–-- April 15, 1981 standing to the protagonists of the federalist and independent solutions to the Ukrainian problem and his ambivalent advocacy of the plebiscite in Ukraine on a province-by-province basis, provide grounds for skepticism concerning the extent Addendum to "Open Letter" of his genuine commitment to the ideas of self-determination and independence for To the Strasbourg conference of peoples enslaved by communism Ukraine. Moreover, Mr. Solzhenitsyn should not have been "stunned by the vehemently This is to convey to you my heartfelt support for your attempt at making yourself hostile and utterly paradoxical reaction to his article on the part of a certain heard in the parliament center of Western Europe which, at this juncture, maintains segment of the Ukrainian society in the United States of America" ("Misconcep– a precarious freedom, and for your attempt at speaking with the concerted voice of tions about Russia Are a Threat to America," Foreign Affairs, vol. 58, No. 5 Eastern Europe. The unity of the peoples of Eastern Europe may be the last hope of fSummer 1981J). Like any other public figure who takes a stand on important and this continent. The Western world is still holding its own, but in its ossified controversial issues, he should have expected adverse reactions. There always will arrogance it does not realize that it has been losing ground steadily on all levels of its be those individuals and groups in the Ukrainian community who, on account of current strength and intellectual endeavor and is becoming a provincial comer of some sufferings of their compatriots, will be antagonistically predisposed to any the planet Earth. Eastern Asia fell in with the chorus of voicesfrom Eastern Europe, Russian-Ukrainian dialogue or, for that matter, to any kind of historical but a world which has not experienced the depths of suffering is deaf until it is compromise, just as there always will be plenty of Russian, as well as Ukrainian, directly hit and driven into the ground by the shock of extermination. extremists and professional patriots who will seek to build careers on the anxieties, You and 1 know that communism is not some national figment of imagination frustrations and failures of their societies. but an organic pervasive gangrene on the body of mankind. By a callous and it is true that the problem of Russian-Ukrainian relations is often debated in an ignorant substitution of the term "Russian" for the term "Soviet" the crimes and atmosphere of emotion, passion and mutual intolerance. But is Aleksandr new designs of world communism are attributed to a people who were the victims of Solzhenitsyn's conclusion justified when he argues that "in such a state of communism earlier than others and longer than others, and who lost together with benightedness there is no point in discussing the issue" - and that "any dialogue their brothers in sorrow - the peoples of the USSR - 60 million people (in and conference would be fruitless"? On the contrary, it is precisely because of the addition to 43 million lost by negligence in conducting war operations, see Prof. 1. existence of such an unhealthy atmosphere, and because of the seriousness of the Kurganov). -;, У -,""– v problem, that reasonable men and women on both sides should have the moral Steeled by our ordeals we must not let our national anguish get the upper hand on responsibility to engage in a dialogue and to search for at least theoretical answers our sense of unity. Having experienced so much cruel suffering let us never inflict it to questions Mr. Solzhenitsyn himself acknowledges as "extremely painful." is it upon our neighbors; let us seek the establishment of relations which would not precisely the function of intellectuals and academics, who are best equipped transcend those known to the modern world: not relations of mutual tolerance but with the necessary knowledge and capacity to analyze complex problems, to of moral magnanimity. present explanations to their societies of these problems and to offer some My best wishes for success in the cause of rallying oppressed peoples and alternatives for their solution? Finding a solution to problems of Russian- expanding the circle of those you will be representing, in the future. The emigres Ukrainian relations is too serious a matter to be left to the antagonistically inclined from enslaved nations alone amount to millions of people. By uniting in mutual forces in both societies, or to the proverbial Slavic destiny (sud'ba, dolia). trust, by never yielding to the slackening and lulling temptation of a false security, Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn and, for that matter, a number of former dissidents by never forgetting our brothers at home, we shall speak up in a voice and with a recently arrived in the West, display understandable difficulty in comprehending force that will affect the course of world events. certain assumptions under which open societies operate. They expect their opinions Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn to be accepted at face value,.almost as if they were pronouncements ex cathedra, and seem to resent their being subjected to questioning and debate. Furthermore, ^^^^^„„„ September 27, 1975 they insist that emphasis be placed only on those issues and concerns that strengthen the sense of unity among the various national groups at home and in the hast European diaspora. That approach may not be altogether in the best interest of all The need for Russian-Ukrainian dialogue the parties involved. This has been well understood by leading figures in the Polish Commentary on Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's "Open Letter to the conference on political opposition even before the developments which led to the founding of the Russian-Ukrainian relations" independent trade-union movement and the socio-political transformations in today's Poland, in the late 1970s a protracted debate took place among the by Dr . Jaroslaw Pelenski representatives of various political factions in the Polish opposition. Some emphasized the need for avoiding controversial subjects and the necessity for Before 1 address myself to the substance of Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's "Open stressing unity as the more desirable operative goal. The prevailing majority, Letter" to the conference on Russian-Ukrainian relations, 1 would like to say a few however, came to the conclusion that it was much more important to exemplify to words about the reasons of the conference organizing and advisory committees for the Polish society the'values of an open debate and of a democratic process. By inviting him to participate in this unprecedented scholarly event. analogy, what the Russian and .Ukrainian societies, both at home and in the As a Russian prisoner of conscience, a man of letters, an intellectual and. above diaspora, need most at the present time is to follow that example and to exchange all, a human being. Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn had demonstrated extraordinary (Continued on page 12) courage in speaking out without constraint on the crucial issues of our time Both in 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8. І98 І No. 45 Panorama of Ukrainian culture in the Big Apple Ь^ Helen Реголак Smindak

Jack Palance couldn't make it, and University and the Ukrainian American New York Mayor Edward Koch sent his veterans had their start at the institute. regrets (he was off on a campaign Mr. Nazarewicz revealed that the chore), but the evening turned out to be institute has adopted the slogan "To a night to remember just the same. On serve as the window to the world for the October 18, the Ukrainian institute held Ukrainian community" and hopes to its season opener and many civic, ethnic enable the non-Ukrainian public "to and Ukrainian notables braved the share in our culture and traditions, so rainy weather to join members and they can gain a greater appreciation of friends of the institute in celebrating the Ukrainian people and our rich "Ukrainian institute of America Day" heritage." in New York City. Pointing out that the institute sup- For the gala event, the institute's ports Mayor Koch and Deputy Mayor building had been lovingly spruced up Wagner "in their efforts to enhance New by members and a crew of student York City as the cultural and economic volunteers. The landmark Stuyvesant capital of the world," he announced that mansion on Fifth Avenue and 79th "we are issuing a five-year operating Street glowed with color — freshly plan which calls for all six floors of this painted white walls in the first and building to be dedicated to institute second floor rooms, new deep-pile activities in the very near future." carpet !g on the stairs and landings, a The institute has been financed until high pc iish on the handsome dark wood now solely by its members, with the aid balustr.-irle of the wide main staircase, of Mr. Dzus, and Mr. Nazarewicz lights s"".rkling from the chandelier in invited prospective members "to join us the second-floor reception area, and in carrying out our programs." everywhere, arrangements of bright Joseph Lesawyer, a director of the autumn flowers. Deputy Mayor Robert Wagner Jr. (left) presents the proclamation of Ukrainian institute Day to Theodore Dzus, U1A president. institute, introduced special guests: Dressing up the scene even further, Herbert Rickman, a member of Mayor several pretty young ladies in Ukrainian Koch's staff; Lillian Poses, founder and costumes mingled with guests through- president of the Governor's Committee out the evening. And surely not to be for Scholastic Achievement and a overlooked were those dazzling window prominent fund-raiser (she was present– views of Central Park foliage, of Fifth ed by Lydia Savoyka, U1A member Avenue traffic in the rain, and a half who is supervisor of legal services for block away, the grey vastness of the the Migration and Refugee Services, Metropolitan Museum of Art. United States Catholic Conference); During a formal program in the Edgar Munhall and Eric Lant, second-floor ballroom which began the Frick Gallery curators; Giovanni evening's festivities. Deputy Mayor' Fabri, an international publisher from Robert Wagner Jr. delivered a pro– Milan, italy; Count Kazimierz Kra– clamation in which Mayor Koch salut– sicki, of the Catholic Conference's ed the institute's cultural and educa– Emigration Service; Baroness Elsa de tional contributions and urged New Albaquerque, a philanthropist; indus– Yorkers to join their neighbors of trialist Edmond de Baysari, and Luke Ukrainian descent "in paying tribute to Bernap, an advisor to museums and the accomplishments of the institute." private collectors. Mr. Koch noted that "many of the Also, Geraldine Owens, coordinator institute's exhibits recall the historic of the Southeast Asian Refugee Pro- struggle of the Ukrainian people for gram for the United States; Nancy freedom and justice, values so rightfully Cahn, a member of Congressman Wil– cherished in the American way of life." liam Green's office: Dr. and Joseph Mr. Wagner presented the proclama– Alpern, and Mrs. George Beuak, Mrs. tion to institute president Theodore Mingling with participants at the Ukrainian institute Day, after presenting a special proclamation from New York Mayor Edwar 1. Koch, is Deputy Mayor Sophie Toledo, and Dr. Misha Dzus following a brief introduction by Milosevic. Walter Nazarewicz, vice-president of Robert Wagner Jr. (third from right).H e is teen with (from left Dr. Oleh Sluzar of the institute. Wilmington, Del., Lydia Savoyka, John Samilenko, Andrew Paschuk, Walter Among representatives of ethnic Nazarewicz and Zenon Babluk. associations who attended were Dr. Mr. Dzus, the son of the institute's Frank Kraeger, Slavic Cultural Heri– founder, the late industrialist William tage Committee; Dr. George Oresh– Dzus, opened the evening by extending kov, Bulgarian American Society; Dr. a warm welcome to the hundreds of and Mrs. Bozidar Lazarowicz, Ameri– guests in attendance. ддді ^' Ж v Щ can Yugoslav Medical Association; With Metropolitan Opera baritone Count and Countess Franciszek Pu– Andriy Dobriansky presiding over Щ Щ slowski, Polish institute of Arts and formal ceremonies, popular singer 1 W^' 1 Sciences; Edward Kwiatkowski, Robert Edward Evanko and his accompanist ana! Gold and A. Wynograd of the Kos– Peter Kosyk charmed the gathering BBBBBBBW Ш '^ваваааТ-"^– ІаЯ ciuszko Foundation; Joseph Pan– with romantic Ukrainian ballads and a аввввввГ' M^ Y? tb ^ввааТ^к-чавшІ tu ciewicz, Slavic Center in Greenpoint, humorous ditty for an encore. A mixed L.1., and Boleslaw Wierzbianski, edi– -А'””Ь^КШ тЯі Щ?^, ensemble from the New York School of Щ tor-in-chief of Nowy Dziennik, and Bandura brought the sounds of Ukraine Mrs. Wierzbianski. to the packed auditorium with nostalgic folk songs and lively instrumental it was announced that greetings and selections. Швр good wishes had been received in a A general overview of the institute's telegram from Archbishop Sulyk, me– 1 ' ' tropolitan of Ukrainian Catholics in the charitable, educational and cultural ^^HLfeit'jfe activities since its founding over 30 United States, and a telephone call from years ago was given by Mr. Nazarewicz. Metropolitan Mstyslav, head of the Loans and scholarships to students, and Ukrainian Orthodox Church in the lectures, symposia and formal courses її щ 1 ^-щт United States. covering many subjects, such as the мгз іШ І НІШШ Norma Dzus, honorary chairlady of Ukrainian language, were listed, as were гм шт І І у і 1 the event, invited guests to sample the collections of folk art, regional cos– hot buffet supper and pastries prepared tumes, icons and antique religious by the ladies of the institute. Guests vestments, which he said form the surged around the buffet tables in the raison d'etre for the institute's inclusion dining room or helped themselves to in the publication "Museums of New food and wine set out in the first-floor York City." He noted that the Ukrai– nian Research institute of Harvard Singer Edward Evanko performs to the bandura accompaniment of Peter Kosyk. (Continued on pace 13) No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. NOVEMBER 8. i98i 11 PREVIEW OF EVENTS Cyrillic character set devised Friday, November 13 trends in European church architec– by Harvard for laser-printer ture as part of a two-day open Philadelphia: Beginning of a three- discussion on the state of contempo– day Christmas bazaar sponsored by rary Ukrainian church art and archi– St. Basil Academy to be held at 711 tecture in the diaspora (based on the Fox Chase Road. Hours: Friday, ongoing series appearing in The November 13: 7-9 p.m.; Saturday, Ukrainian Weekly) to be held at the November 14: noon-11 p.m.; and Ukrainian institute of America, 2 E. Sunday, November 15: noon-4 p.m. 79th St., starting at 7 p.m. Given the There will be a full-course dinner scope of the material, the discussion served on Saturday; S4, adults, will continue on the following day 52.50 for children. Attractions high- Sunday, November 22, starting at 3 lighting the bazaar are ethnic foods, p.m. games of chance, hand-crafted gifts Passaic, N.J.: The Lisovi Chorty and Christmas decorations and a' Plast unit is holding its traditional white elephant sale. There will also masquerade ball at 9 p.m. at the be a drawing of cash prizes in the Ukrainian Center, 240 Hope Ave. sums of: S500, S200 and Si00. Music will be provided by Tempo. New York: A Bad Luck Ball, featur– Tickets: S8; and S6, for those coming ing The volcanos. The Dates and in costumes. The Harvard University Computing Center and the Harvard Ukrainian Research institute surprise guests at 9 p.m. in the "grand Southfleld, Mich.: Exiled Soviet ballroom" of the Ukrainian National have announced the creation and availability of a Cyrillic character set for the ІВМ 3800 church leader, Pastor Georgi vins laser printer. HURl associates Dr. Zack Deal and Dr. Donald Ostrowski devised the new font Home, 140 Second Ave. S5 per will speak on "Religious Persecution person, S8 per couple. - the first Cyrillic character set ever designed for the laser-printer. Those engaged in Slavic in the USSR" at 7 p.m. at St. Mary's studies can now use the character set to print in Byelorussian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Ukrainian Orthodox Church, 21931 Russian, Serbian or Ukrainian, as well as Church Slavonic. The integration of Cyrillic and Latin Saturday, November 14 Evergreen St. The event is sponsored characters in one font allows the printing of texts containing both English and Slavic by the Ukrainian Graduates of De– languages. The Cyrillic character set is available to any computing center that has a laser- Passaic, N.J.: A fall dance, organized troit and Windsor. printer. Seen above are Drs. Deal and Ostrowski at work on the Slavic character set. jointly by the SUM-A and Plast branches of Passaic, will be held at the Ukrainian Center, 240 Hope Ave. NOT1CE: Music will be provided by iskra. The Tickets for the Carnegie Hall RECENTLY PUBL1SHED! dance starts at 9 p.m. performances of Ukrainian Opera in Warren, Mich.: A "vyshyvani ve– Concert will most likely not be A STATISTICAL COMPENDIUM chernytsi" dance, sponsored by available at the box office on the day Branches 63 and 96 of the Ukrainian of the performance. Those interested ON THE National Women's League of Ameri– in attending the November 15 per– ca, will be held at the Ukrainian formance should purchase their UKRAINIANS IN CANADA Cultural Center. The music will be tickets immediately at any one of the 1891-1976 provided by the Kameniari En– following locations: the Home Office semb!e. There will be a dinner at 7:30 of the Ukrainian National Associa– by William Darcovich and Paul Yuzyk p.m; the dance starts at 9 p.m. tion, 30 Montgomery St., Jersev BW x 11". 835 pages, price 125.00 Binghamton, N.Y.: A Ukrainian City, N.J.; telephone:(201)451-2200, Please make checks payable to SvOBODA BOOK STORE and mail to: Night featuring films, music and (212) 227-5250. Tickets are also refreshments, will be held at the available at the Surma, Arka and Eko 30 Montgomery Street, Jersey City, N.J. 07302 Sacred Heart Ukrainian Hall, corner stores in New York arid at the Dni– of Clinton and Holland streets. pro and Bazaar stores in Newark, Time: 8:30 p.m. Please bring along N.J. Ukrainian songbooks! Parma, Ohio: An evening of tradi– DATE CHANGE tional and contemporary Ukrainian Due to an unanticipated conflict song and dance commemorating the with the Canadian Opera Program at UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION late Ukrainian composer volodymyr Carnegie Hall, the lecture to be given PRESENTS lvasiuk, will be presented by young by artist Peter Andrusiw, about his Ukrainian Americans from Chicago. major new art work, titled "introduc– The concert will be given at 7 p.m. at tion of Christianity, to Rus'-U– the Normandy High School Audito– kraine," has been changed from rium, 2500 W. Pleasant valley. Sunday, November 15, to Saturday, Tickets are available at Dnister, November 14. Cosmos, Bazaar and Rudensky gift This new oil painting on canvas shops and at Self-Reliance and which has been several years in the Osnova Ukrainian credit unions. making depicts the Christianization OPERA of Rus'-Ukraine. The scene takes IN CONCERT W Sunday, November 15 place in the ancient capital of Kiev and depicts a cross-section of the CONDUCTOR Johnson City, N.Y.: There will be a populace, as well as rulers Prince Ukrainian holiday bazaar from 11 volodymyr the Great and his wife, Wolodymyr Kolesnyk a.m. to 5 p.m. at St. John's Memo- Anna. The baptism took place in the UKRAINIAN CANADIAN OPERA CHORUS Pochaina River. rial Center, featuring gifts, arts and SOLOlSTS: crafts, food and door prizes. There is Mr. Andrusiw is a well-known lrrna Wt'lhasch llannu Kolcsuvk no admission charge. artist who has made many contribu– tions to the field of Ukrainian art. He Bolidan (Jiaplvnskv Leonid Skirko Saturday, November 21 will present slides of the painting and AMERICAN SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA will describe the source material for „ . SUNDAY, NOVEMBER IS. і9ві - 2.30 m New York: Artist Marco Zubar of each section. All persons are invited P Philadelphia will give a slide presen– to attend. A reception will follow the CARNEGIE HALL tation of his work in church art and lecture. A S5 donation will be re- SEVENTH AvENtE ud 57th St. NEW YORK CTTY architecture a? well as of current quested to help defray costs. T1CKETS - И.00. SlO.00, S13.00. S15.M. S16.00 Available at the Home Office of the Ukrainian National Association, 30 Montgomery Si Jersey Gly. N J 07302 (201)451-2200(2121 227-5250 A ho available al - SURMA. ARKA and EKO atom, New York - DN1PRO and BAZAAR Morn. Newark

TICKETS WILL MOST LIKELY NOT BE AVAILABLE AT THE BOX OFFICE PRIOR TO THE CONCERT. PLEASE PURCHASE T1CKETS 1N ADVANCE

-.'X-.–." '.-Х^Ж':-Х'.-л''^". 11 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8.1981 No. 45

evidence of enlightened and progressive policies on the part of the Russian imperial The need for Russian-Ukrainian dialogue government. And they certainly cannot be blamed on international communism. (Continued from page 9) ideas in free and unencumbered debate even on the most painful subjects, provided, The same anniies to the vexed question of continuity or discontinuity between (5f course, that this debate be conducted in a civilized manner. traditional Russian imperialism and modern totalitarian or authoritarian Soviet ' Let me now comment briefly on Mr. Solzhenitsyn's well-known position on the expansionism and hegemonism. The inquiry into this question and attempts to issue of communism and its intricate relationship to the political system and ascertain in which areasthe policies of the two systems have differed and in which political culture of Russia's past and present, as he raises them in his letter to the they have displayed similarities represent a perfectly acceptable and respectable conference and elaborates upon them in detail in the aforementioned article, academic and intellectual endeavor, which cannot simply be dismissed in the name published in Foreign Affairs, to which he refers in the conference letter, in of national sentiment or a devotional approach to national history. summary, Mr. Solzhenitsyn rejects any connection between communism as in short, drawing historical parallels and analogies between the policies of two ideology and political practice and the historical experience of Russia, and he different regimes of any given country, including Russia, or even conducting a refuses to accept the possibility of any link between traditional Russian imperial, rigorous critique of traditional Russian imperialism, should not be interpreted as and contemporary Soviet imperial, policies. Concretely, he argues in favor of an evidence of hostility or intolerance toward the Russian people. Russian approach that stresses the exclusively totalitarian and internationalist nature of the imperialism does not represent an isolated phenomenon; other European states Soviet Communist system, a perfectly plausible and appropriate approach that also engaged in imperialist policies in the past and the discussion of these policies is incidentally prevailed in the West in the 1950s and early 1960s, but was abandoned not regarded by the absolute majority of their citizens as detrimental to the in the mid-1960s even by those who had originally devised it. it was especially reputations of their countries. І have always rejected the concept of collective entertaining for me to read the critical responses to Mr. Solzhenitsyn's article in responsibility when it is applied to any people, including the Russian people, for the Foreign Affairs provided by some of the former protagonists of the views Mr. deeds committed by their governments or elites. Nonetheless, there must have Solzhenitsyn now entertains. This time they use arguments which, in fact, І existed some powerful forces in the old Russian elite and society which made the advanced two decades ago. building and maintaining of that gigantic bicontinental empire possible. And The problems in question can as well as discussed, however, from the perspective without some similar forces the Soviet Union would not be able to function as a of the historical, cultural and comparative approach. There is absolutely nothing modern empire today. The fact that elite groups and even some sizable segments of prejudicial in observing, for example, that except for brief periods in her history, the subordinate nationalities have participated in the functioning of the two Russia, both Muscovite and imperial, had no representative institutions of her imperial systems, and that Russians have often suffered because of their country's own, or that throughout the long years of theancien regime, the absolute majority involvement in imperialist policies, does not undermine the validity of the of the elite, and most likely a majority of the population as well, accepted an comparative approach. autocratic regime and firm authoritarian methods of governing a society as natural in conclusion, let me emphasize once again the importance of the Russian- and even appropriate conditions. There is also nothing wrong with establishing Ukrainian dialogue in the future. І sincerely hope that Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, a systemic similarities in institutional history or political culture between imperial man of strong moral commitment and of a deeply felt sense of justice, will be able to Russia and the Soviet Union, nor is there any inherent anti-Russian sentiment overcome his ambivalent attitudes toward the possibility of attaining a implied in studying the policies of Russia's ancien regime toward the non-Russian normalization of Russian-Ukrainian relations at least in the diaspora, and will join nationalities of the empire and reaching the conclusion that they had been the efforts of his Russian compatriots, and of those Ukrainians, who have already repressive. After all, the implementation of the "privislanskii krai" doctrine on the committed themselves to this noble cause. І n Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn's own words, Polish territories after the mid-1860s and the enactment of the"Emskii Ukaz"(Ems "since the two peoples have not succeeded over the centuries in living Ukase) of 1876 in Ukraine, both undertaken during the reign of one of the more harmoniously, it is up to us to show sense." benevolent Russian emperors, to name only two examples, cannot be viewed as October 1981

seek to recreate, for nostalgic reasons, the illusion of Polish occupation and that of Czecho-Slovakia in the On the state... the homeland as evidenced by all sorts of stylistic years 1918-39. did not add anything new. (Continued from page 7) revivals. Two revival masterpieces, created by the in 1524. the Turks, after occupying Bukovina and English settlers in America, may well serve as The large-scale development of cities, housing and Moldavia, forbade the building of churches. No examples: the Byzantine style (English type) St. community facilities which is currently taking place in structure was to resemble a church. So our master Bartholomew's and St. Thomas churches,.both in New Ukraine is still under the influence of the Bauhaus and builders developed the "home type" (khatnyi styl") of York; Henry Richardson's Trinity Church (in the the international style. Occasionally, one comes across church architecture. From the exterior it resembled a Romanesque style) in Boston would be yet antoher buildings in the post-modernist style; some free form peasant house with small windows at the upper part of example. Nobody finds these masterpieces "boring," structures are quite avant-garde and some, even the wall and a side entrance. But the plan adhered to as one of our artists has referred to our traditional beautiful. One could venture a guess that the churches the traditional tripartite one; there was a slight churches. would also be free form but adapted to our rite and our indication of the cross. The interior conformed to the in this respect our dilemma and tragedy as colonists spirit. liturgical requirements. There was a narthex, the nave is not only that the ties with our homeland have been The principle question remains unresolved — are we and the sanctuary. Overhead there were three interior severed, but also that the building of churches in all to build traditionally or do we dare develop new forms cupolas and there was also a full-size iconostas. Four parts of Ukraine was terminated as of the beginning of of ecclesiastic architecture and in the process of of these churches stand to this day in Chernivtsi, and World War 11. experimenting, run the risk of losing our national there are several others in the neighboring villages. Thus we have no guidelines as to the hypothetical identity? This question should be resolved at the After the Turks were driven out, the old style of trend of relgious architecture at the present time in highest level of both the Ukrainian Orthodox and building was revived. Ukraine, in this period, comprising some 40years, the Catholic hierarchies, together with representatives of Of course. West European architectural trends did Western world in which we live underwent a the Ukrainian community in the diaspora, in the exert an influence on the churches being built in our transformation of styles. But if one looks back at what interest of our survival, no religious or political cities, but these trends were never accepted in their happened in our homeland prior to 1939, one can find differences should divide us. There should be a original form - they were always transformed in absolutely no mark left by the changes then taking commission composed of highly qualified experts to accordance with the Ukrainian spirit. place in the West - the Secession. Jugend Stil, review the proposed project for each new church in Today it would seem foolish not to go along with the Dadaism, Gaudism, the Bauhaus and the order to ascertain its compatability with our thinking trends set by contemporary architecture. But once international style.. All these Western trends were and with the spirit of our tradition and liturgical again we must keep in mind who we are and what is to foreign to our thinking, foreign to our spirit and requirements as well as its artistic value. be our destiny. foreign to our soul. Our artists did not go beyond it has to be kept in mind that a church is a house of it is quite natural for emigrations and colonists to impressionism. Some tried cubism but with little God, a place for meditation and prayer that should keep close ties with the homeland, it is also natural success. These trends did not find a way into the also remind us of our homeland. At the same time the that their architecture keep in step with that of the decoration of our churches. Frankly speaking, the homeland. Those emigrants, who for ideological several churches built in Western Ukraine under the (Continued on page 16)

EDUCATIONAL UNA STUDENT EDUCAT10NAL LOANS LOANS The loan will bear a modest interest rate of ЗУоауеаг only on loans made, interest will accumulate during the period of schooling and be paid during repayment period.

As of November 1. children up to ІЧ years of age wfio enroll for Si5.000 of insurance will be guaranteed a 55.000 educational loan Should they

enroll for 125.000 of insurance, they will be guaranteed a loan of 57.500

Juvenile members ages 5 to 10 enrolled for 115.000 of NEHr insurance will be guaranteed a 14 000 Educational loan if eniolled for 125.000 of

protection they will be guaranteed a loan of 16.000

The protection herein referred to must be under UNA P 20 Certificate

A formal notice that loan is guaranteed will be sent with Certificate of Protection when it is issued after November 1. 1980

A UNA Certificate must remain in good standing with all assessments and dues paid until Educational loan is granted and throughout repayment period FRATERNAL Certificate must be assigned to UNA during the period of lhe loan and its repayment Either parents or guardian must guarantee repayment of loan it Juvenile is under age 21 when loan is granted SERVICE Educational loans will be made over a four year period only for tuition lo the college or institution of higher learning Repayment of loan begins the 3 months following graduation of applicant and must be fully repaid over a maximum of twenty equal quarterly TO MEMBERS installments ''Should period of education foiwbich loan was secured be reduced от terminated the repayment period will btgra immediattty. No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, i98i Jl

show only, S10 and 512.50). Parking is Panorama. free. (Continued from page 11) The club is located at 96 School St. in library. Meanwhile, John Samilenko, Glen Cove, seven miles from exit 39N A GIFT OF LASTING VALUE administrative director, conducted on the Long island Expressway. For The following books are available at the Svoboda Bookstore: tours of the third and fourth floors, reservations, call Ticketron or the where collections are housed. There was Northstage box office at (516) 676- THE UKRAINIAN POETS. ut9-iX2. selected and tr. by c. н. ANORUSYSHEN much to see and admire throughout the 8500. and Watson Kirkconnell 115.00 whole building,.and many exciting Benefits for many upcoming events to discuss, it was THE UKRAINIANS OF MARYLAND - edited^writtee by: quite late when the last guests depart– Here's interesting news for artists and Stephen Basarab. Paul Fenchak. WolodymyrC. Sushko and others J 7 75 ed. dancers looking for a permanent Man– hattan address. The New York De– BOOMERANG - The works of vALENTYN H0R0Z by Yaroslav Bihun. For a calendar of the season's events, introduction by Dr. Paul L.Gtrtptr hard t' 5.75 write to: U1A Events, Ukrainian insti– partment of Housing Preservation tute of America, 2 E. 79th St., New and Development recently announc– York, N.Y. 10021. ed plans "to convert abandoned city- DlSPtACED PERSON - by Mane Halun Bloch. decorations by Allan Davis owned tenement buildings on the Lower East Side into cooperative housing A HlSTORy OF THE RUSS1AN EKPIRE - volume І by Nicholas L FR.-Chirovsky 115 00 Melanie's back units for artists with modest incomes." Folk singer Melanie Safka is sche– Planning approximately 140 units on AN 1NTR0DUCT10N TO UKRA1N1AN H1ST0RY. volume 1: Ancient and Kievan– duled to appear at Northstage, the new East Eighth Street between avenues В Galician Ukraine Rus' by Nicholas L. Fr.-chirovsky J19 95 concert hall and club in Glen Cove, and C (just a hop, step and a skip away N.Y., on November 13. Though the from Little Ukraine) and on Forsythe club is located on Long island outside Street between Rivington and Stanton THE CHORNOvil PAPERS - by Yyacheslav Chornovil. introduction by Frederick C Barghoorn J 4.75 New York City, it's close enough to the streets, the city appears to be making a Big Apple to draw New Yorkers by high priority of its dancers and other droves for concerts by such performers artists, since it recognizes the difficulty THE VULNERABLE RUSSIANS-by Lev E.Dobriansiy s 5.95 as Steve Hackett, Ray Charles, Renais– of their affording adequate housing on UKRA1NE 1N A CHANGiNG WORLD. Papers presented at the conference dedicated sance, and Jack Cassidy ft SvT. relatively low wages. to the 30th Anniversary of the Founding of Ukrainian Ouarttrly ed Waller Melanie's program had not been Mayor Ed Koch commented: "We Dushnyck. PhD J10 00 announced by press time but ill wager it should try to create neighborhoods will include her original composition, where artists can own their own homes, SPRUCE. SWAMP AND STONE - A History of the Pioneer Ukrainian Settlements. in the Gimli Area - by Michael Ewanchuk SHOO the one heard frequently on the air- where they can stay permanently and waves and even recorded by the Boston keep the benefits for themselves." FOX MYKYTA - lvan Franko English version by Bohdan Melnyk Pops Orchestra —"Look What They've The buildings selected for redevelop– illustrated by William Kurelek J1295 Done to My Song." No doubt there will ment were acquired legally by the city be new songs from the album she has through tax foreclosures. Averaging THE MASTER S JESb - lvan Franko. translated by Roman Tatchyn just recorded under the Peter Pan label. 1,500 square feet, the units are planned ПАНСЬКІ ЖАРТИ - Пан Оранко, ікранлад Романа Татчнн There'll be other songs she has com– to sell for between 540,000 and 550,000. posed over the years since she wowed THE 1NTERNAT10NAL SAKHAROv HEARiNG - Human Rights in the USSR. ed. by Barbara Lande, a spokesperson for Maria Harasowska and Orest Olhovych J 8.95 the pop music lovers at the Woodstock the department, has reported that the Festival in 1969 — perhaps "Beautiful project has had a great deal of artist People," "Brand New Song" or "Can- interest — both in developing and HNlZDOvSKY– Woodcuts. 1944-1375 a catalogue raisonne by Abe M. Tahii. Jr 525.00 dies in the Rain." purchasing - and special proposals Melanie, whose voice has been des– from various developers and artists' AH1ST0RYOFUKRA1NE-byMichaelHrushevsky S27 50 cribed as "powerful and soulfully groups are currently under review. quavering," is the only female song- With the renovation of the East THE UKRA1NE. 1917 1921 A STUDY 1N REvOLUTlON - edited by Tares Hunczak stress in 20 years to have three single 45 with the assistance of John T von der Heide. Cambridge. Mass.: Harvard Uk– Eighth Street buildings at the eastern rainian Research institute 1977 424 pages - hardbound Я5.00 RPM recordings on the top record confines of Little Ukraine and that 52.25 charts at the same time. million refurbishing planned for the The Ukrainian Herald issue 6. D1SSENT 1N UKRA1NE - an underground journal from Northstage, a former theater built in Astor Place 1RT subway station on the Soviet Ukraine. Trans, from the Ukrainian and ed. by Lesya Jones and Bohdan the style of Radio City Music Hall with western approach to the neighborhood. Yasen 1 6.95 a domed ceiling and a proscenium stage, Ukrainian cultural and commercial was recently converted into a 1,000-seat institutions in the East village area can UKRA1N1AN EMBROlOERYbyAnnKmit Johanna Luoow LorettaLuciow S14 95 theater club. There are tables in the look forward to increased activity and orchestra pit, on the mezzanine and in trade in the near future. REPORT FROM THE BER1A RESERvE - The protest writing of vALENTYN M0R0Z Soviet Ukrainian political prisoner, ed and trans by John Kolasky S 2 95 the loges and balconies. Dinner time is 7 For information, call the Department p.m. and the stage show begins at 9 of Housing Preservation and Develop– THE SHATTERED ULUS10N - The History of Ukr; і Pro Communist Organua (dinner and show. S26.50; seats for the ment at (212) 566-4440. lions in Canada by John Kola sky hard Я5 00 soft І 7 95

Advertising rates for The Ukrainian Weekly SHADOWS OF FORGOTTEN ANCESTORS. Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky. Translated by Marco Carynnyk - with notes and an essay on Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky General advertisements: 1 inch, single column S 7.00 І by Bohdan Rubchak J".50 Fraternal and community advertisements: 1 inch, single column S 5.00 Full page S360.00 І Half page S185.00 І Quarter page S 95.00 В UKRAINIANS ABROAD - offprint from UKRAINE A CONCISE ENCYCLOPAEDIA Eighth page І 50.00 f by volodymyr Xubijovyc l 3.00

Photo reproduction: Ц THE SAGA OF UKRA1NE by Myron B.Kuropas S 4 00 single column І 6.75 і THE AGE OF HER01SM double column і 8.50 : (handling and postage charges included) triple column '. ;.. S 10.00 g THE UKRAINIANS IN AMERICA-by Myron B.Kuropas 14.9s All advertisements must be received by noon of the Monday before the date of the next Weekly edition. І All advertisements are subject to approval. OlE S0WJET1SHE NATIONALITATENPOHTIC NACH STAL1NS TOD (1953-1970) - by Pleate make checks payable to THE UKRA1N1AN WEEKLY and mail to: 1 ' Boryj Ltwytrtyj 111.00 30 Montgomery Street Jersey City, N.J. 07302

THE1R LAND - An Antholody of Ukrainian Short Stories by Michael Luchkovich . Ї 8.00

Looking for a second income? FATHER AGAP1US H0NCHARENK0 - First Ukrainian Priest in the United States by Theodore tuciw (10.00

Become MODERN UKRAINIAN SHORT STORIES-ed by George sNLuckyi s I.JO AN 0RGAN1ZER HETMAH OF UKRA1NE-ivANHAZEPPA– by Clarence A Manning 1 3.50 for Ukrainian National Association lvan Franko. P0EKS - from translations of PercivalCundy by Clarence A. Manning f 450 FULL or PART ТІМЕ

You could start this career by organizing your family and friends UKRAINE UNDER THE SOVIETS - by curence А. маппііц tsse For intormation write to: UKRAINIAN NATIONAL ASSOCIATION 1N THE GERMAN M1LLS OF 0ЕАТН 1941 1945 by Petro Mirchul J 6 95 30 Montgomery Street a Jersey City, N.J. 07302 BUKOviNlAN l'KRAlNlANS - a historical background end their self-determination Men: Organizing Uepi inl9Uoyl.M.Nowosiwsky 17.00 Or telephone: (201) 451-2200 (Collect) or (212) 227-5250 швшшшштшвяаашшяшшшшшшш THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, шшбЕй 8. 1981 No. 45

^ввяшшшішшшшшшшішшлятштшшшшаяшшшяш^ Ukrainian professor designs crucifix A GIFT OF LASTING VALUE The following books are available at the Svoboda Bookstore:

CATARACT - by Mykhaylo Osadchy J 3.95

SHEvCHENKOS TESTAMENT-by John Panchuk j a.rjO

HISTORY Of PUSHKIN s POLTAVA– by John P Pauls j 2 50

LOOK WHOS C0M1NG The Wachna Story by Mary Panmadis illustration by William Kuielek .. J 9 00

H1STOHY S CARNivAL - A Dissidents Autobiography by Leonid Plyushch, edited and translated by Marco Carynnyk Я4 95

ENGLISH UKRAINIAN Dictionary-by м 1 Podvesio 51250

BOUNDARlES OF FLAME - A Complete Collection of Poetry - Olena Teliha Com piled and Translated by OrysiaProkopiw S 6 95

ПОЛУМ'ЯНІ МЕЖІ - Ппанеаи .пмна пиеіій Олени Те ІІІ н іпорп.іку- an.il н neptK.ta.la Орисш ІІрокопіа

1N DEFENSE OF THE UKRAlNE CAUSE by Roman Rjkhmanny

POLlSH A1ROC1T1ES Ш UKRAlNE - compiled and edited by Eiml Revyuk

SYMONENKO - A STUDY 1N SEMANT1CS by lgor Shankovsky

зі CONvERSATlONAl UKRAlNlANbyYaiSlavutych Fourth edition J12 50 bi UKRAlNlANFORBEGlNNERSbyYarSlavutych fifth reused edition J 3.00 c І UKRA1N1AM 1N PlCTURESby Yar Slsvutych і 3.00 SP1R1T OF UKRAlNE - Ukrainian contributions to world'sculture by D.Snowyu і 2 50

UKRAINE AND THE EUROPEAN TURMOIL 1917 ІОІ9 m ? volumes by Matthew Stachiw Peter 1 Stercho and Nicholas LF.Chirovsky J20 00 "The Rising Christ," a crucifix of walnut and stainless steel was designed by Nicholas Britsky, TRAOlTlONAl UKRAINIAN COOKERY - by SawellaSlechishm (Handlingand postagecnar^es included) J14.00 professor emeritus at the school of art and design at the University of lllinois at Urbana– Champaign, for St. Patrick's Church in Urbana. Prof. Britsky hasa B.FA from Yale University; DiPLOMACY Of DOUBLE MORAllTY - Europes Crossroad in Carpatho Ukraine 1919 1939 by Peter G Stercho S1500 he continued his studies at the Cranbrook Academy and at Syracuse University. He is a recipient of numerous fellowships, among them the A.K. English Traveling Fellowship from

THE USSR vs OR U1KHA1L STERN - Soviet Justice vs Human Rights J 9 95 Yale University, the Fulbright Grant for creative work and research in ltaly and Portugal. His UKRAINIAN WOMEN IN THE SOVIET UNION DOCUMENTED PERSECUTION 1975 80 murals and paintings have been commissioned, among others, by the Bell Telephone Co. and Compiled by Nina Strokata - translated and edited by Myroslava Stelamuk the Ford Times Magazine. Prof. Britsky was nominated this year for the governor's award for and volodymyr Hrus;kewych , J 325 outstanding contribution to the arts in lllinois.^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

A STUDY OF vASYL STEFANYK THE PA1N AT THE HEART Of EllSTENCE - by D s HELP WANTED Struk with foreword by G S N Luckyi -bound J 150 UAvets to honor

GRAN1TE OBEllSKS -bvvasylSymonenko deceased members Established Ukrainian business located in the center of New York City's Ukrainian com– UKRAlNE A Brief History by Roman Siporluk munity seeks with monument PERSON UKRA1N1ANS AND JEWS - articles, testimonies, letters and olticul documents with office and sales capabilities. NEWARK, N.J. — in commemora– dealing with interrelations of Ukrainians and iews in the past and present Write: Box 109. West Nyack. N.Y. 10994 tion of its 35th anniversary, Ukrainian A SYMPOSlUM -published by UCCA J 5 00 American veterans Post No. 6 of Essex and Union counties in New Jersey GREGOR KRUK - vorwort won Jean Cassou Einfuhrung won tsa Bauer Ukramische Freie Universitat resolved to erect a monument in me– vol.1 "ІШ REAL ESTATE mory of its deceased members at Holly- vol. 11 "E..50 wood Cemetery in Union, N.J. The formal announcement will be presented THE HUMAN R16HTS MOVEHENT 1N UKRAlNE. Documents of the Ukrainian і Lovely LOTS with orange trees! mar golf at the post's anniversary banquet at Helsinki Group. 1976-1980 by L. vertoa t B. Yasen hard Ш.95 courses 8 a (free) mineral springs park. around veterans' Day in November. soft 8.75 S500 down 631096 interest, lots from Chairman victor Romanyshyn stated И.950. C0HUUN1CAT10N MED1A AND SOviET NATlONALlTY РОїІСГ - Status of national that he expects the post to dedicate the Languages in Soviet T.v. Broadcasting, by Wasylveryha - S 2.00 m Estate Area! 12 years HOME. Mr acre. proposed seven-foot monument next 544.900. Memorial Day. He also announced that SUNNYLAND REALTY lvan franko: h'lS THOUGHTS AND STRUGGLES -by Nicholas Wacyk J 7.75 a fund drive is being initiated so that 855 North Park Avenue fellow veterans and interested suppor– Apopka, Florida 32703 ters might be able to participate in this THE UKRAINIAN AMERICAN INDEX - The Ukrainian weekly 1978 (305) 886-3060 or 886-4644 by Christine l Wynar undertaking. Donations for the monu– ment are being accepted by the post's finance officer, Michael Popaca, 1101 THE OTHER HOLOCAUST by Bohdan Wytwycky Sayre Road, Union, N.J. 07083. Many Circles of Hell GO WEST YOUNG MAN, Rounding out the committee are то SOUTHWEST FLORIDAH fOR A BETTER CANADA– by Senator Paul Yuiyk J 3.00 Michael Lytwyn, Dr. J.B. Bemko, in the growing community near St. Andrew's Ukrainian Religious S Cultural Center. James Melnychuk, Michael Popaca, SERviCE 1S THE KEY to our successful busi– John Dragon, Michael Matiash and UKRAINIANS IN PENNSYLVANIA - a contribution to the growth of the common- wealth. - Softbound S 4.00 ness in land, residential and commercial real Walter Bodnar. estate. Write or call for information. Non-member veterans are invited to N1CK 8. EL01SE РОРОУІСН attend meetings the second Monday of Realtor-Associate7Broker-Salesman the month at 8:30 p.m. at the post Hotline phone: 1-813-629-3179 headquarters, 140 Prospect Ave., Please select the book or books you wish lo have and send remittance by check or money order, including postage Jl 00 to S3 00 (depending on the number of books) RANDOL REALTY. 1NC. REALTOR irvington, N.J. 3221 Tamiami Trail and a 54 sales tan for New Jersey residents, to: Port Charlotte, Fla. 33952 625-4193 Share SVOBODA BOOK STORE

30 Montgomery Street m Jersey City, N.J. 07302 PORT CHARLOTTE - NEAR HOSPITAL The Weekly PAYMtNT ACCEPTED 1N U S CURRENCY ONU . Newly carpeted, two bedrm. home: spacious floor plan on corner lot: family room 8 garage. Terms if required S44 500 "101P with a friend No. 45 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 8, їзді J5. UNA executive... the Dauphin, Man., Ukrainian festival, Committee of America, and a meeting Supreme Executive Committee'in resr his activities in defense of human rights with the Rochester UNA convention ponse to the statement by 11 members (Continued from pep 3) in the 'Canadian Parliament, NATO committee. He also noted that he would of the UNA Supreme Assembly which the total number of new members in this and other forums, and his participation be the keynote speaker at the November was published in the Homin Ukrainy pre-convention year will be markedly in celebrations of the 90th anniversary І commemoration in Philadelphia. weekly (No. 32-33, August 12-19). This higher, because UNA activists in many of Ukrainian settlement in Canada. Last to report was Mr. Snylyk who draft statement is to be approved at the branches will try by December 31 to Dr. Kuropas informed the officers spoke about major events affecting the next executive committee meeting and increase active membership in order to about his participation in the unveiling UNA and the Ukrainian community as then published in Svoboda; be entitled to one, two or three delegates of the Taras Shevchenko monument in a whole. He noted that the state of the to the 30th UNA Convention. Any Elmira Heights. N.Y.. where he was one Svoboda Press was unsatisfactory due " To translate the statement by the 11 branch which will have a total of 75 of the keynote speakers, the Soyuz Day to lack of trained personnel and the fact Supreme Assembly members into En– active (voting) members, will be entitled sponsored jointly in Chicago by the that several experienced workers had glish and then send the text of this to elect one delegate to the convention, Ukrainian National Association and quite, citing low wages. Mr. Snylyk also statement in both Ukrainian and En– while a branch with 150 active members the Ukrainian Fraternal Association, reported on several planned publica– glish to all members of the UNA Su– may elect two delegates, and a branch the release of a new book, "Ethnic tions of the Svoboda Press. preme Assembly along with a request with 300 active members may elect three Chicago," which includes an article І After a discussion of the reports, the that they express their opinions con– delegates. about Chicago's Ukrainians by Dr. executive committee decided the fol– cerning this statement; in the first eight months of 1981, the Kuropas, and about the planned No– lowing: e To send the 1982 UNA Almanac to UNA sustained the anticipated number vember 14 testimonial to honor Dr. " To propose to Dr. Michael Marun– all Svoboda subscribers along with a of members lost through maturing Wasyl Halich at the University of chuk, noted historian, that he prepare a note informing them that next year's endowment certificates (545) through Minnesota. book-almanac about the UNA in Ca– almanac will be sent only to those fully paid-up certificates in classes P20 Mr. Flis provided a brief summary of nada; subscribers who pay for the 1982 publi– and P65 (632) and through deaths (589). all aspects of UNA affairs, most notably "To accept the report of the Supreme cation; There was an increase over the previous about the visit of Metropolitan Sulyk to Auditing Committee, signed by three year's number of cash surrenders (727), Soyuzivka, the UNA executive commit– members of that committee, which " To publish a brochure with a whereas the number of losses through tee's visit to Metropolitan Mstyslav, the informed that the duties of chairman of history of UNA conventions in the suspensions were less than the number resumption of negotiations between the the auditing committee were taken over Ukrainian and English languages. of reinstatements. . Committee for Law and Order in the by its vice chairman, John Hewryk; The meeting was adjourned by Mr. Active membership as of August 31 UCCA and the Ukrainian Congress " To prepare a draft statement of the Flis. numbered 61, 872, which was 1,213 less than on January 1. in the first eight months of 1981 the UNA lost 998 ATTENTION CLEVELAND AND VICINITY! members in total membership which stood at 83,669 as of August 31. To these statistics should be added the fact that because of the current econo– mic situation, both fraternal and com– mercial insurance companies this year report an increase in the number of cash surrenders of life insurance policies and report higher sales in term insurance, as compared to other classes of insurance. - Currently an audit is continuing on the business of the UNA. Hie audit is being conducted by the New Jersey State insurance Department control– lers. A one-week audit of the UNA was also conducted by members of the UNA Supreme Auditing Committee,-as"a result of which they published their findings and joint appear. To 158 branch secretaries, notices were mailed with the reminder that official lists of branch officers have not yet been received. These letters also included lists for reporting 1981 branch officers. The UNA's actuaries have already prepared new formats and texts for insurance certificates whichconformto legal requirements for legibility (easy reading), and they have mailed copies of these projected UNA certificates for approval to the insurance departments of all states and provinces wherein the UNA does business.

Other reports Mr. Orichowsky reported about his organizing trips and participation in SATURDAY organizing meetings of various district committees. He gave detailed informa– tion about the state of the Chicago NOVEMBER І4, 1981 District and about his efforts to settle 7:00 P.M. misunderstandings which exist in that district. The supreme organizer also informed AN UNFORGETTABLE EvENlNG OF the other UNA officers that the 1982 UNA wall calendar is already being UKRAINIAN TRADITIONAL A CONTEMPORARY SONG a DANCE printed. He read a list of upcoming district COMMEMORATING committee meetings which he and other supreme officers will attend in order to discuss to increase the effective– VOLODYMYR IWASIUK ness of the UNA's organizing efforts. in turn, Mrs. Dushnyck and Sen. UKRAINES YOUNGEST a FOREMOST COMPOSER Yuzyk reported on their own organizing and representational activities. PRODUCED, CHOREOGRAPHED 6 PERFORMED BY Mrs. Dushnyck also spoke briefly YOUNG AMERlCAN-UKRAlNlANS OF CH1CAGO about Metropolitan Stephen Sulyk's visit to Soyuzivka. the Labor Day NORMANDY HlGH SCHOOL AUDlTORlUM weekend sports events at the resort, as 2500 WEST PLEASANT vALLEY well as her participation in the recent PARMA,OHlO festival in New York which Mayor TiCKETS AT: DNlSTEH, COSMOS, BAZAR A RUDENSKY GlFT SHOPS Edward Koch attended at her urging. a AT UKRAINIAN CREDIT UNIONS .,SELFRELIANCE" a „OSNOVA– ;'–.. Sen.-Yuzyk rcporwd-abp.ut.his trip to 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY. NOVEMBER 8. i98i No. 45

On the state... could have first-hand knowledge of his native church place of worship. The community hall should be built architecture. The result was a wonderful building, separately from the church proper and it should be in a (Continued from psge 12) authentic in spirit and conforming to the rite. This is Ukrainian style, in our tradition processions always indeed a commendable example. The cost involved took place outside the church, not inside. The latter is church is our "identification card." it tells others who was minimal, given the overall cost of a new church, a Roman Catholic custom. Even in the cities, our we are. We simply cannot afford mediocrity. Each yet the reward was immense. churches must be built in such a way as to allow for the church should be a veritable masterpiece. Cost is it should be kept in mind, that after the initial period outdoor processions. By eliminating this we lose one irrelevant here. Л good design is easy to build and of atheism during which many of our most treasured of the beautiful parts of our rite. Unfortunately, much less expensive than a bad design. But a good ecclesiastic monuments were destroyed, there is nowa churches with sufficient grounds are relinquishing this design requires talent, knowledge and a tremendous trend of conserving the past. Many of our churches custom. amount of time and. therefore, is not cheap. A bargain have been restored to their original splendor — as We should be proud of our heritage, not ashamed of has no place here. museums, including the Pecherska Lavra and St. it. in our churches the altar must face the east; the plan Furthermore, it should be kept in mind that an Sophia in Kiev and also in Lviv. Extensive must be cruciform, tripartite, and there should be a full architectural structure is not a painting which one day irchaeological studies and research have also been iconostas. Whenever possible, there should be a is "modern and fashionable" an(f hangs in the main onducted, revealing long-forgotten treasures of our church yard where the blessing of paskas, fruits, gallery of a museum of modern or "avant-garde" art. :ritage. in Lviv there is an open-air museum of our flowers and water takes place. Benches are another only to be relegated to the basement when the trend . ooden architectural treasures. Our architects and characteristic of the Roman Catholic churhes. in our changes. How long did pop-art and op-art last? What artists would do well to study "The History of rite people should either stand or kneel as a sign of happened to the Pollocks, Du Buffets, etc?Today they Ukrainian Art,"vol. 6, published by the Ukrainian reverence before God. The choir should be in the rear are merely a curious manifestation of a whim that Academy of Sciences, as well as the monograph "Po of the church, not to the side of the altar as in the Holy lasted less than a decade, it is the policy of the Louvre Ukraini" by Lohwin. These references could be a Trinity Church in Kerhonkson, N.Y. that an artist will be exhibited in the main galleries 30 source of inspiration for the creation of new in this context, 1 would like to say that the church in years after his death. Until such time, his work is masterpieces. Kerhonkson is a classic example of how our churches displayed in the side wing of the Tuilleries. (The one should not be built. From the point of view of exception was Toulouse Lautrec.) The lesson from our own past, from that of the emigrations of other peoples and from the fate of all international architecture, it is a beautiful Surely the glass box associated with the nations who just "disappeared" from the face of the masterpiece. But it is not a Ukrainian church. The international style does not inspire to prayer, nor is it earth is that if want to survive in the diaspora as a front could just as easily be that of a Protestant or in the spirit of our faith. Even the Catholic and national entity, without being drawn into the melting Roman Catholic church; from the rear it looks like a Protestant churches built in this style are a complete pot, we must adhere strictly to our tradition and to community center or a restaurant, its form is a spiral failure. (For example, the new crystal church by Philip our national spirit. rotunda and, thus, ignores the traditional cruciform Johnson is a failure as a house of prayer; it can only plan. The sanctuary is designed in such a way that it is serve as a place for preaching to the masses.) The free First, we have to eliminate all foreign elements which are incompatible with our tradition. The church almost impossible to build an iconostas and if one forms of post-modernism might have an inspirational were to be installed, it would block the view of the quality, but they must be adapted to our spirit. is a house of God, not a community center. None of our churches in Ukraine had a basement where bingo "tsarski vrata" for the chorus and 50 percent of the in any event, in whatever style the church was played. That is an Anglo-Saxon desecration of the auditorium. (1 use the term "auditorium" because the seating arrangement is not.compatible with our churches). Furthermore, the glass wall looking out onto the courtyard is a source of distraction. Although originally intended as an extension of space in a case of overflow, it is a failure in this respect. The arcade might be considered a far cry from the traditional "prytvor." Even worse is the inclusion of the community center and the Sunday school in the basement or rather, the lower story of the edifice situated on the sloping ground. The site is big enough to accommodate a separate community center. The fault lies with the committee which requested such a feature and with the architect who complied with the demands , of an incompetent committee. The experiment in free form failed here as far as our liturgical requirements are concerned. Moreover, wood and shingles do not make a church Ukrainian . The same material is also used in building Scandinavian and Russian churches, even indian stupas and Chinese pagodas. One of the worst blunders, from an aesthetic point of view and in terms of the requirements of our spirit and rite, is the recently built Ukrainian Catholic church in Yonkers, N.Y. it only brings us shame. Fortunately we have veritable masterpieces in our tradition. There is St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic Church in Hunter, N.Y..and St. Andrew's U^vi.^4'^6^"' i– ". "'.--', ; ^ ^-.-;'– Memorial Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Bound Brook, N.J., to single out a few. The Holy Ascension St. John the Baptist Ukrainian Catholic Church near Hunter, N. Y. Architect: the late ivan Zhukovsky; builder: Church in Clifton, N.J.. is also worthy of attention. Yuriy Kostiv. Let's hope we survive. committee may decide to build, it has to carefully select a competent Ukrainian architect, one who is familiar with our rite and the spirit of our nation and church. Never select a foreigner because he will never comprehend our spirit. The project is doomed to failure from the start, even if it is the work of a genius such as Frank Lloyd Wright. The same applies to the sculptor and painter. Take for instance the iconostas in Cracow. The icons were done in the style of the 19th century Munich school and the Cracow Academy by the best painter Poland has ever produced - Jan Matejko. They are masterpieces which could be exhibited in the best museums of the world, but they are out of place in the church. Similarly, the Assumption of the virgin Mary Church in the PochayivCave Monastery, built in 1771 in the German Baroque style, is also a masterpiece, one which would do credit to any German city, but it has nothing in common with the Ukrainian spirit, even though it meets all our liturgical requirements. And so it stands in our homeland. The German origin of its creator and the German character of the edifice was forgotten and was even adopted as an example of Ukrainian architecture with consequent damage to our vernacular architecture. Such mistakes can be tolerated in the homeland but not in the diaspora. There was mention in this scries of the Armenian community in New York which, when building its cathedral, sent their architect to Armenia so that he The "grazhda" adjacent to the church proper. Design: ivan Zayac; builder: Yuriy Kostiv.