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Department of the Interior United States Geological DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MISCELLANEOUS FIELD STUDIES UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAP MF-1588-A PAMPHLET MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL OF THE VASQUEZ PEAK WILDERNESS STUDY AREA, AND THE ST. LOUIS PEAK AND WILLIAMS FORK ROADLESS AREAS, CLEAR CREEK, GRAND, AND SUMMIT COUNTIES, COLORADO By P. K. Theobald1, A. M. Bielsjd2, R. G. Eppinger1, C. K. Moss1, T. J. Kreidler2, and H. N. Barton1 U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Bureau of Mines STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS Under the provisions of the Wilderness Act (Public Law 88-577, September 3, 1964) and related acts, the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Bureau of Mines have been conducting mineral surveys of wilderness and primitive areas. Areas officially designated as "wilderness," "wild," or "canoe" when the act was passed were incorporated into the National Wilderness Preservation System, and some of them are presently being studied. The act provided that areas under consideration for wilderness designation should be studied for suitability for incorporation into the Wilderness System. The mineral surveys constitute one aspect of the suitability studies. The act directs that the results of such surveys are to be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report discusses the results of a mineral survey of the Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study Area (A2361), and the Williams Fork (02114) and St. Louis Peak (E2361) Roadless Areas in the Arapaho National Forest, Clear Creek, Grand, and Summit Counties, Colorado. The Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study Area was established as a wilderness study area by Public Law 96-560, 1980. The Williams Fork and St. Louis Peak Roadless Areas were classified as further planning areas during the Second Roadless Area Review and Evaluation (RARE H) by the U.S. Forest Service, January 1979. MINERAL RESOURCE POTENTIAL SUMMARY STATEMENT The northern parts of the St. Louis Peak and Williams Fork Roadless Areas and the southern part of the Williams Fork Roadless Area have a low to moderate potential for the occurrence of silver, lead, zinc, and copper resources in massive sulfide deposits and for the occurrence of tungsten resources in skarns in calcic metamorphic rocks. The eastern part of the Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study Area has a low potential for vein-type uranium resources in highly sheared rocks of the Berthoud Pass fault zone. Along the Middle Fork Williams Fork River and along the western edge of the Williams Fork Study Area there is a low to moderate potential for lead in veins. The northeastern corner of the Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study Area has a low potential for feldspar and muscovite resources in pegmatites in Proterozoic rocks. A large area of the southeastern part of the three study areas has a moderate to high potential for either individual high-grade silver resources or larger, lower grade, silver-rich resources. Moderate potential for stockwork molybdenum resources exists beneath the silver-rich veins. INTRODUCTION mines and prospects in the study areas to define the extent of known mineralization and to determine the This report summarizes the results of field potential for mineral resources. studies conducted jointly by the U.S. Geological Survey The boundaries of the areas are irregular and are and the U.S. Bureau of Mines, from 1979 through 1982 generally defined by highways, gravel roads, on three areas in Arapaho National Forest. The three unimproved dirt roads, a powerline, and the study areas, the St. Louis Peak Roadless Area (E2361, Continental Divide (fig. 1). The Henderson mine, south acreage: 12,800), the Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study of the Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study Area, and the Area (A2361, acreage: 12,800) and the Williams Fork Henderson Mill to the northwest of the Williams Fork Roadless Area (02114, acreage: 74,820), are located in Roadless Area, are connected by a railroad tunnel Clear Creek, Grand, and Summit Counties, Colo., under parts of the Williams Fork and St. Louis Peak north of Interstate Highway 70 and west of U.S. Roadless Areas. The surficial expressions of this Highway 40, on the west side of the Front Range (fig. tunnel are an exhaust vent, located on the Williams 1). All three study areas have a combined area of Fork River at about 9,820-ft altitude, and an approximately 135 mi . The U.S. Geological Survey approximately 30-ft-wide blazed survey line cutting made geological, geophysical, and geochemical parts of the St. Louis Peak Roadless Area. An investigations and the U.S. Bureau of Mines studied the overhead high-tension powerline connects the two Figure 1. Location of the Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study Area, and the Williams Fork and St. Louis Peak Roadless Areas, Colo. Henderson facilities. Both the tunnel line and Dailey (Atlantic) mining district was originally powerline are generally confined to the corridor considered to be outside of the mineral belt (Lovering separating the Williams Fork Roadless Area to the and Goddard, 1950, p. 280-282). A detailed description south and the St. Louis Peak Roadless Area and of the geology is given in Eppinger and others (in Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study Area to the north. The press). city of Denver has water rights to the Williams Fork drainage system and diverts water along aqueducts Proterozoic rocks from McQueary Creek and Steelman Creek to the Jones Pass Tunnel. These aqueducts are outside the The metamorphic rocks can be subdivided into study area boundaries, but the locked maintenance two distinctive groups where detailed geologic road for the Steelman Creek diversion continues west mapping exists. The northern group, generally within of Steelman Creek at approximately the 10,600-ft the northern part of the St. Louis Peak Roadless Area level for 3.8 mi within the Williams Fork Roadless and the northwest corner of the Vasquez Peak Area. An unimproved dirt road branches off the west Wilderness Study Area, is characterized by bands of side of the Jones Pass road and heads southward to a hornblende and biotite gneiss interlayered with, and patented mining claim about 1 mi inside the Williams locally grading into, a variety of calc-silicate Fork Roadless Area. The Fraser Experimental Forest gneisses. As a group, these rocks are notably more at the head of St. Louis Creek separates the St. Louis calcic than the other metamorphic rocks. A similar Peak Roadless Area and the Vasquez Peak Wilderness group of calcic gneisses has been mapped in the Study Area. southern part of the Williams Fork Roadless Area. Major access into the areas is from the South The metamorphic rocks south of Darling Creek in Fork Campground on the west, Interstate 70 on the the St. Louis Peak Roadless Area, in the central part south, Jones Pass to the east, and roads up St. Louis of the Williams Fork Roadless Area, and in the western and Vasquez Creeks on the north. part of the Vasquez Peak Wilderness Study Area are The local topography is dominated by the characterized by medium- to coarse-grained, Williams Fork Mountains and the main crest of the sillimanite-rich, biotite-muscovite gneisses Front Range. The Williams Fork Mountains rise to an interlayered with fine- to medium-grained, quartz- elevation of 12,480 ft in the south-central part of the rich, biotite gneisses. The sillimanite-rich gneisses are Williams Fork Roadless Area. The Front Range rises characterized by the segregation of quartz and to 13,552 ft on Pettingel Peak along the eastern edge sillimanite into distinctive "eyes." The quartz-rich, of the Williams Fork Roadless Area. The lowest biotite gneisses are generally not as well foliated as elevation is 8,950 ft on North Acorn Creek on the the biotite gneisses of the calcic group of rocks and western edge of the Williams Fork Roadless Area. are distinctly more siliceous, grading locally into Major drainages within the three study areas are the nearly pure quartzites. northwest-trending Blue and Williams Fork Rivers, the The distinction between these two groups of north-northeast-trending St. Louis and Vasquez metamorphic rocks can be made in the Vasquez Peak Creeks, the east-trending West Fork Clear Creek, and Wilderness Study Area, the St. Louis Peak Roadless the west-southwest-trending Straight Creek. Most of Area, and the north-central part of the Williams Fork the relief is in the main valley walls. The upland, Roadless Area, where geologic mapping at 1:24,000 generally above timberline, has a subdued topography, scale is available. The reconnaissance mapping in the but rugged alpine topography is present along the eastern, southern, and western parts of the Williams Continental Divide in the vicinity of Pettingel Peak Fork Roadless Area is not sufficiently detailed to and at the north end of the St. Louis Peak Roadless make this distinction. Area, in the vicinity of Byers Peak. Two major Proterozoic igneous events are recognized in the study areas. The oldest of these is GEOLOGY represented by generally conformable, usually well- foliated, relatively small bodies of rock that range in The three areas of study are generally underlain composition from quartz diorite to biotite-quartz by Proterozoic metamorphic and igneous rocks (fig. monzonite. They correlate with the Boulder Creek 2). Mesozoic sedimentary rocks underlay a narrow Granite, which yields radiometric ages of about 1.7 strip along the west side of the Williams Fork b.y. in other parts of the Front Range. Mountains. Early and middle Tertiary dikes cut the A batholith crops out in the Vasquez Peak Proterozoic rocks in the central and eastern parts of Wilderness Study Area, the southern part of the St. the study areas. A complex mesh of faults, ranging in Louis Peak Roadless Area, and the central and eastern age from Proterozoic to Cenozoic, segments the rock parts of the Williams Fork Roadless Area.
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