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Post-Graduate Theses on Logistics and Supply Chain in Turkey

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Post-Graduate Theses on Logistics and Supply Chain in Turkey GAUN JSS Post-graduate Theses on Logistics and Supply Chain in Turkey: A Bibliometric Analysis Türkiye’de Lojistik ve Tedarik Zinciri Alanlarında Yapılan Lisansüstü Tez Çalışmalarının Bibliyometrik Analizi İbrahim Halil KORKMAZ * Cihan ÇETİNKAYA ** Abstract Turkey’s advantageous location connects Europe with Asia and which has seas from all three sides gives a potential for being the world’s logistics hub. For these reasons enough attention needs to be given to the improvements in logistics and supply chain in Turkey. The purpose of the study is to reveal how the distribution graduate theses in logistics and supply chain prepared in Turkey according to different criteria from 1993 until today. The data of the research were collected from national thesis center and the obtained data were analyzed and some statistics were obtained. According to this, 525 theses are examined according to their degree, status of university, cities they have been prepared for, years, institutes and key words used. It is reached the result that the majority of master and doctorate theses in logistics and supply chain are written in public universities. The three most studied provinces are Istanbul, Izmir and Ankara. It seems that a limited number of theses were made until 2000. Significant increases have been observed in the theses after 2000. In supply chain field, the highest numbers of theses were written in Istanbul Technical University with 57 theses. In logistics field, the Institute of Social Sciences is the first place followed by the Institute of Natural and Applied and Institute of Defense Science. In supply chain field, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences is the first and the second is Institute of Social Sciences. Most of the theses in supply chain field were about management. Keywords – Bibliometric analysis; doctorate thesis; logistics; master thesis; supply chain. Öz Türkiye’nin üç tarafı denizlerle çevrili olan ve Asya ile Avrupa kıtalarını birbirine bağlayan avantajlı coğrafi konumu, dünyanın lojistik merkezi olma noktasında ülkeye potansiyel sunmaktadır. Bu nedenle Türkiye’de, lojistik ve tedarik zinciri alanlarına yeterince ilgi gösterilmesi büyük önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de, lojistik ve tedarik zinciri alanlarında 1993 yılından günümüze kadar hazırlanan lisansüstü tez çalışmalarının çeşitli kriterlere göre dağılımını ortaya çıkarmaktır. Araştırma için Ulusal Tez Merkezi’nden elde edilen veri, çeşitli istatistiksel analiz yöntemleriyle incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, 525 tez derecelerine, hazırlandıkları üniversiteye, şehire, yıla, enstitüye ve kullanılan anahtar kelimelere göre değerlendirilmiştir. Sonuç itibarıyla lojistik ve tedarik zinciri alanlarında hazırlanan tezlerin büyük bir kısmının devlet üniversitelerinde hazırlandığı tespit edilmiştir. En çok lisansüstü tez çalışması yapılan iller İstanbul, İzmir ve Ankara’dır. Bu çalışmaların az sayıda kısmının 2000 yılından önce yapıldığı görülmektedir. Tedarik zinciri alanında yapılan 57 çalışma ile İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, bu alanda en çok çalışma yapılan üniversite olmuştur. Lojistik alanında , en çok lisansütsü çalışma yapılan Sosyal Bilimler Enstitülerini Doğa ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Enstitüleri ve Savunma Bilimleri Enstitüleri takip etmiştir. Tedarik zinciri alanında ise, Doğa ve Uygulamalı Bilimler Enstitüleri birinci sıradayken, ikinci sırayı Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüleri almıştır. Tedarik zinciri alanında hazırlanan tezlerin büyük bir kısmı yönetime ilişkindir. Anahtar Kelimeler – Bibliometrik analiz; doktora tezi, lojistik, yüksek lisans tezi, tedarik zinciri. Introduction In the period after the 1950s, most producers focused on mass production systems, with little product and process flexibility as the basic operational strategy, to minimize unit production costs (Özdemir, 2004). During this period, the development of new products was * Dr., Gaziantep University, İslahiye Vocational School, E-mail: [email protected] ** Doç. Dr., Adana Science and Technology University Management Information Systems Department, E-mail: [email protected] Dr., Gaziantep University, İslahiye Vocational School, [email protected] Korkmaz, H. İ., Çetinkaya, C., (2019). Post-graduate Theses on Logistics and Supply Chain in Turkey: A Bibliometric Analysis, Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 18 (1), 479-493, Submission Date: 26- 05-2018, Acceptance Date: 22-01-2019. Araştırma Makalesi. 480 GAUN JSS slow and completely dependent on in-house technology and capacity. Bottleneck activities were met with inventories to maintain a balanced line flow, resulting in large investments in semi-finished stocks. In this period, sharing technology and expertise with customers or suppliers seemed too risky and unacceptable. In the same way, it was seen that there was very little interest in cooperation between enterprises and buyer-supplier partnership (Tan, 2001). From the beginning of the 1990s, the situation is now very different. At the heart of business decisions are now customers. Businesses are striving to improve the way in which all members of the value chain, including suppliers, producers, and retailers, collaborate to satisfy their customers. The name of this cooperation period is named Supply Chain Management (Houlihan, 1985). As a concept that includes all business processes from planning to resource use to production to distribution, supply chain management is about all parties, from the original supplier to the final consumer (Tozanli et. al, 2017). Supply Chain Management is a model that provides regular control and coordination of inter-firm processes, reduces costs, increases quality and speeds up activities. According to this model winners of competition conditions will be companies that can approach new business approaches, work beyond traditional business boundaries, and work closely with business partners to design and manage business processes. They are firms that can leap from the effectiveness to super effectiveness (Hammer, 2001). Sharing information and plans with suppliers and customers can increase chain efficiency and competitiveness. In the changing world, companies are no longer talking about competition among themselves. Competition will now be among the supply chains within firms (Kehoe and Boughton, 2001). Bowersox (1969) first emphasized the physical distribution phase, which is considered as the first stage of supply chain management. In addition to observing related flows in the context of physical distribution, he suggests that the distribution function will provide a competitive advantage with intra-firm, intra-channel integration. After the introduction of the Material Requirements Planning (MRP) system in the 1970s, managers understood the significant impact of in-process work on the cost of production, quality, new product development and delivery times at delivery. Thus, instead of reducing the cost of each operation, a cost approach has been developed for all logistics services that take the entire system as a whole (Ross, 1998). Houlihan (1985) has presented a strong approach that considers the supply chain as a single phenomenon, combining the firm's strategic decisions with logistical focus. He thus became the first to use the term supply chain for this system in the literature (Ganeshan et al. 1999). Increasing global competition in the 1980s forced companies in world class to offer reliable products at a lower cost, higher quality and more design flexibility. During this period, the logistics phase, which is now the second stage of supply chain management, has been passed (Metz, 1998). This stage is expressed by Ross (1988) as the integration of logistics. After the mid-1990s, managers realized that goods and services received from suppliers had a significant effect on the ability of the firm's customers to meet their needs. It has become a new success method to deliver products at a cost-effective way when, where, how and at what amount. Thus, they understood that it is necessary to take part in the management of the entire network of upstream companies that provide input to them, as well as the entire network of downstream companies delivering the latest customer products and providing after sales services (Handfield and Nicholas, 1999). Over the past decade, it has been seen that companies are placing an increasing emphasis on supply chain and logistics so that they can gain competitive advantage in markets. There are a number of examples that companies are making big investments in order to improve their customer satisfaction and internal productivity. In fact, today's competition is POST-GRADUATE THESES ON LOGİSTİCS AND SUPPLY CHAİN İN TURKEY: A BİBLİOMETRİC ANALYSİS 481 not among individual companies; more and more, there is competition between rival supply chains. Supply chains that add the most value to customers at the lowest cost create a network that increases the earnings of individual companies (Christopher, 1998). Under the success of firms that can survive in the competitive world, it is the efficient design, planning and execution of supply chains. The performance of a supply chain depends on a balance between customer responsiveness and financial efficiency (Chopra and Meindl, 2016). Infrastructure of logistics industry in Turkey was created in between 1980’s and 1990’s, with the help of investments into land, air, sea and railway transportation and received it’s breakthrough in 1990’s. By the beginning of 2000’s logistics sector in Turkey left behind its infancy and became a dynamic sector,
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