The Case of Kibera 1
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The case of Kibera 1 Informal settlements’ vulnerability mapping in Kenya FACILITIES AND PARTNERS’ MAPPING IN NAIROBI AND KISUMU SETTLEMENTS The Case of Kibera June, 2020 2 The case of Kibera 3 Part of Kibera slum in Nairobi, Kenya © Flickr / tdwsra 4 Contents Overview ........................................................................................... 5 The mapping Approach ............................................................................................ 5 Presentation of Mapping Outputs ............................................................................. 5 Kibera Settlement ............................................................................. 6 1. Overview of all Facilities ....................................................................................... 7 2. Access and State of Wash Facilities ...................................................................... 11 3. Access and State of Health Facilities .................................................................... 18 4. Access and State of Education Facilities ............................................................. 19 5. Access and State of Social / community Halls .................................................... 20 6. Access and State of Public Spaces ....................................................................... 21 7. Assessment Development Partners Operations and Reach .................................. 22 Key observations ....................................................................................................... 23 The case of Kibera 5 OVERVIEW Globally, cities are and have recorded in Kisumu and comprehensively mapped Field data collection was done by youth the highest number of covid-19 cases. all the key facilities and development community volunteers, who were trained In sub-Saharan Africa and many other partners operating in those informal by UN-Habitat experts over a period of developing regions with more presence settlements. This was done with a goal one day. Community volunteers were of slums in cities, covid-19 is likely to to identify gaps and limitations in service drawn from the targeted slums which spread faster and also take longer to provision, access to services and support allowed them to work longer hours and control once it crosses into the slum by development partners. The mapping require no transport costs to undertake and informal settlements’ populations. outputs identified critical gaps that can data collection during the strict covid-19 With high tenure insecurity, low-quality be helpful when planning for responses lockdown. In addition, UN-Habitat housing, limited access to basic services, to covid-19 or any other emergency ensured that there was gender-balance and poor sanitation, informal settlements response in these slums. The newly among the volunteers who participated in offer the perfect settings for risk collected data on sample of informal this exercise. factors to accelerate the spread of any settlements advances the discourse infectious disease. Informal settlements and policy dialogue on how to improve are also classified as highly vulnerable the lives of people who live in informal Survey limitations to numerous risks including climate settlement, and ensure that no one is left change impacts, disasters, and socio- behind in COVID-19 response. The survey focused on communally economic shocks. This is because they shared facilities; therefore, facilities are densely populated, and households within the settlement that are accessed have inadequate access to water and The mapping approach at the household level (e.g. toilets and sanitation, little or no access to waste water points), if any, are not included in management, public transport and limited the survey. Such facilities exist in some access to formal employment and health The mapping exercise, which was carried mapped settlements such as Kawangware care facilities. out between 20th May and 10th June in Nairobi and Manyatta in Kisumu. 2020, involved field data collection on These settlements exhibit mixed formal In Kenya, informal settlements vary in more than 18 facility types, including and informal characters, and for any size, character and their levels of need water and sanitation facilities (water survey generalizations to be made on vary among and within settlements. points, handwashing facilities, solid waste them, there is need for complementary Governments and numerous agencies disposal sites, communal toilets, and household level data collection. Data work in informal settlements, each bathrooms), health facilities, including collection for this survey was at the addressing a specific felt need in line with chemists and pharmacies, community community level rather than at the its organizational goals, often with little spaces (halls and public spaces) and household level. coordination. Consequently, access to institutional spaces such as schools, local services has not been evenly distributed NGO offices, administrative offices and across settlements, resulting in pockets of religious institutions. Survey limitations spatially disadvantaged communities. The mapping outputs are presented in 4 Data collection utilized a mobile phone parts, each presenting settlement specific In this mapping exercise, the UN-Habitat application hosted on an open source findings. This report presents findings for sampled 3 settlements in Nairobi and 7 data collection toolbox (KoboToolbox). the Kibera informal settlement in Nairobi. Kibera © Flickr / Zoe 6 KIBERA SETTLEMENT Kibera is the biggest informal settlement residents of the resettlement largely Soweto East, Kianda, Lindi, Laini Saba, in Kenya and arguably in the Africa earn their livelihoods from the informal Kambi Muru, Silanga, Olympics, Toi continent. Its population is estimated at economy, and there are numerous Market, DC Village, Karanja, Anyany, 250,000 , and has the highest settlement organizations in the settlement supporting Kisumu Ndogo and Gatwekera. Ayany density of any settlement in Kenya. livelihoods. and Olympic and Karanja Estates have Facilities in the settlement such as mixed formal and informal areas, and are WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) The settlement is made up of 18 villages therefore not included in some surveys facilities are shared, and this makes the which are used in this study as units of as part of the Kibera informal settlement settlement highly vulnerable to numerous data analysis. The villages are Makongeni, (Figure 1). risks, including spread of COVID-19. The Mashimoni, Makina, Raila, Soweto East, Figure 1: Kibera Settlement, its villages and settlement densities The case of Kibera 7 1. Overview of all Facilities Average number of facilities per Hectare by villages li Facilities Locations Toi Market 0.0 - 2.1 D.C village 5.8 - 6.0 2.1 - 3.7 Makina 6.0 - 6.8 Ayany estate Hawkers market Makongeni 3.7- 4.0 6.8 - 8.2 4.0 - 4.3 8.2 - 8.5 mashimoni Karanja estate 4.3 - 5.8 Kianda Laini saba Kambi muru Olympic estate Kisumu Ndogo soweto East Gatwekera soweto West Lindi É Olympic estate Silanga Raila 0 250 500 1,000 Meters Figure 2: Facilities densities in the settlement The settlement has a wide range of facilities and their distribution is not even across the villages. The central part of the settlement has the highest per area facility density. Figure 3: Locations of facilities relative to major roads The survey data shows general clustering of facilities along major access roads with locations fronting major access roads having better access to key facilities such as floodlights, handwashing facilities and transport stops. While this is desirable for the fact that locations fronting the roads have more businesses and human interaction, it also implies disadvantage to locations not fronting the streets. Handwashing facilities, for example, near residential structure are considerably fewer than near business areas. 8 MAPPED FACILITIES BY TYPES Water points 27% Communal sanitation facilities (eg toilet) 19% Religious facilities 12% Education Facilities 10% Hand washing facilities 5% Water and sanitations Waste collection bin / open dumping area 4% facilities constitute the highest number of facilities in Kibera, Flood lights 4% accounting for 51% of all the Juakali/ artisan shades / garages 3% mapped facilities. Health facilities 3% Pharmacy / chemists 3% Social hall / community centre / resource centres 3% Others with less 2% 8% Figure 4: Mapped facilities by types FIGURE 5: FACILITY TYPES AND THEIR FUNCTIONALITY Hand washing facility Transport stops (matatus/ boda-boda) Generally, over 70% of all Public space the mapped facilities are Health facility functional. Communal sanitation facility (eg toilet) Facility types with high Water point proportions of non-functioning Social hall / community centre facilities (with at least 20% Market of facilities not functioning) Flood light included floodlights, markets, resource centres/community 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% centres and water points. Yes. No. Figure 5: Facility types and their functionality FACILITIES AND RELIABILITY LEVELS Water point Health facility With the exception of water Social hall / community centre / resource centre points, at least 60% of all Communal sanitation facility (eg toilet) mapped facilities were Public space reported to be always Hand washing facility functioning. Low reliability of Flood light facilities was noted in water 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% points, health facilities and social centres. This implies No - has not functioned the