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A Cost of the Diet Assessment for Kibera

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A Cost of the Diet Assessment for Kibera A Cost of the Diet analysis in the informal settlement of Kibera, Nairobi Location: Kibera Date collected: 15th – 19th July, 2013 HEA data: June 2013 1 Acknowledgments The Cost of the Diet analysis was led by Assumpta Ndumi from Save the Children UK, with support from Catherine Syombua and Peter Kagwemi of Umande Trust who provided administrative and logistical support. The Cost of the Diet assessment was undertaken by: Teresiah Wairimu, Sherry Hadondi, David Githinji, Susan Mumbua, Stella Nabwire, Elizabeth Muthikwa, Irene Abuto, Dorothy Ambogo and Victor Otieno. The analysis and this report were written by Assumpta Ndumi with contributions from Amy Deptford. The analysis was funded by GlaxoSmithKline. Thanks to due to Save the Children staffs from the Kenya country office, EA regional office and London for their support and for making the practical arrangements for the analysis to take place. This analysis would not have been possible without the willing help of the market traders of Laini Saba, Soweto East, Gatwekera, Makina, Kisumu Ndogo, Mashimoni, Kianda and Silanga and of the women who participated in the focus group discussions. Their time, hospitality and insights are greatly appreciated. 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................... 2 Table of Contents ............................................................................................................ 3 List of tables and figures ................................................................................................. 4 List of tables ..................................................................................................................... 5 Executive summary ......................................................................................................... 7 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 11 1.1 Kenya ..................................................................................................................... 11 1.1.1 Nairobi ..................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Aim of the analysis ................................................................................................ 12 2 Overview of the Study Area ................................................................................. 12 2.1 Introduction to Kibera informal settlement ............................................................ 12 2.1.1 Water and sanitation ................................................................................ 13 2.1.2 Health ....................................................................................................... 13 2.1.3 Nutrition ................................................................................................... 14 2.1.4 Income and livelihoods ............................................................................ 14 2.1.5 Kibera seasonal calendar .......................................................................... 16 3 Methods .................................................................................................................. 17 3.1 Location ................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Data collection and sources .................................................................................... 17 3.2.1 Market survey to collect price data .......................................................... 17 3.2.2 Specification of a typical family .............................................................. 18 3.2.3 Requirements for energy and micronutrients ........................................... 19 3.3 The Cost of the Diet software ................................................................................ 19 3.3.1 Energy only diet ....................................................................................... 20 3.3.2 Creating the minimum cost nutritious diet (MNUT) ............................... 21 3.3.3 Creating the locally appropriate cost-optimized nutritious diet (LACON) 21 3 3.4 Estimating the affordability of diets ....................................................................... 22 3.4.1 Estimating affordability according to annual income .............................. 22 3.4.2 Estimating affordability after meeting the livelihood protection threshold 22 4 Results .................................................................................................................... 24 4.1 The cost of the diet ................................................................................................. 25 4.1.1 Energy only diet ....................................................................................... 25 4.1.2 Minimum cost nutritious diet (MNUT) ................................................... 27 4.1.3 Locally appropriate cost-optimized nutritious diet (LACON) ................. 30 4.1.4 Seasonal fluctuations in the LACON diet ................................................ 33 4.1.5 Contribution of food groups to the cost of the LACON diet ................... 33 4.2 Affordability of the diets ........................................................................................ 34 4.2.1 The application of average prices of food groups .................................... 36 5 Key Findings ........................................................................................................... 38 6 Recommendations ................................................................................................ 39 List of tables and figures Figure 1: Wealth group characteristics .................................................................... 15 Figure 2: A seasonal calendar for Kibera developed during the Household Economy Analysis ................................................................................................................... 16 Figure 3: Map of Kibera ........................................................................................... 17 Figure 4: The percentage of energy and the recommended nutrient intakes for micronutrients met by an energy only diet for a 12-23 month old child..................... 27 Figure 5: Percentage of energy and recommended nutrient intakes for micronutrient met for the rest of the family by an energy only diet. ................................................ 27 Figure 6: The percentage of energy and the recommended nutrient intakes for micronutrients met by an MNUT diet for a 12-23 month old child. ............................ 29 Figure 7: The percentage of energy and the recommended nutrient intakes for micronutrients met by an MNUT diet for the rest of the family. ................................ 29 Figure 8: The percentage of energy and the recommended nutrient intakes for micronutrients met by a LACON diet for a 12-23 month old child. ............................ 32 Figure 9: The percentage of energy and the recommended nutrient intakes for micronutrients met by a LACON diet for the rest of the family. ................................ 33 4 Figure 10: The weekly cost of foods each week selected by the Cost of the Diet software for the LACON diet which meets needs for energy and micronutrients in a culturally acceptable diet for a 12-23 month old child. ............................................. 34 Figure 11: The weekly cost of foods each week selected by the Cost of the Diet software for the LACON diet which meets needs for energy and micronutrients in a culturally acceptable diet for the rest of the family ................................................... 34 Figure 10: The affordability of an energy only, MNUT and LACON diet based on the numbers presented in Table 14. .............................................................................. 36 List of tables Table 1: A summary of the diets analyzed using the Cost of the Diet software ........ 20 Table 2: The household size of each wealth group used to estimate affordability of the cost of the diet ................................................................................................... 22 Table 3: Total estimated income in Ksh of a typical 6 person household in all wealth groups rounded to the nearest thousand. ................................................................ 22 Table 4: Total income and livelihood protection threshold by wealth group ............. 23 Table 5: The energy density and cost of the main staple foods eaten by people in Kibera, ranked in terms of cost per 100 g from low to high ...................................... 25 Table 6: The lowest cost diet for the HEA/CoD family in Kibera that meets only their energy requirements. The annual costs have been rounded to the nearest 100 Ksh. ................................................................................................................................ 25 Table 7: The absolute weight and cost of the foods selected for the family for the whole year for the energy only diet with the percentage contributed by each food in terms of weight, cost, energy, protein and fat, and the percentage contribution of each food for eight vitamins and four minerals. ....................................................... 26 Table 8: The lowest cost diet for the HEA/CoD family in Kibera that meets needs for energy and micronutrients but does not take into account the typical diet. .............
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