Autoantikörper-Induzierte Effekte Des Angiotensin II-Rezeptors Typ 1 Und

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Autoantikörper-Induzierte Effekte Des Angiotensin II-Rezeptors Typ 1 Und Autoantikörper-induzierte Effekte des Angiotensin II-Rezeptors Typ 1 und des Endothelinrezeptors Typ A auf humane periphere mononukleäre Zellen und ihre Relevanz bei der Pathogenese der systemischen Sklerose vorgelegt von Master of Science Jeannine Günther geb. in Berlin von der Fakultät III – Prozesswissenschaften der Technischen Universität Berlin zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doktor der Naturwissenschaften - Dr. rer. nat. - genehmigte Dissertation Promotionsausschuss: Vorsitzender: Prof. Dr. Stephan Pflugmacher Lima Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Roland Lauster Gutachterin: Prof. Dr. Gabriela Riemekasten Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Jens Kurreck Tag der wissenschaftlichen Aussprache: 30. Januar 2017 Berlin 2017 Für Timo Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis Inhaltsverzeichnis ........................................................................................................................... 3 Zusammenfassung .......................................................................................................................... 8 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... 9 Abkürzungsverzeichnis ................................................................................................................. 10 1 Einleitung ............................................................................................................................... 13 1.1 Autoimmunität und Autoantikörper .............................................................................. 13 1.1.1 Immunität und Autoimmunität ............................................................................... 13 1.1.2 Autoantikörper ........................................................................................................ 14 1.2 Die systemische Sklerose ................................................................................................ 16 1.2.1 Prävalenz, Inzidenz und Mortalität ......................................................................... 16 1.2.2 Äthiologie ................................................................................................................ 17 1.2.3 Klinisches Erscheinungsbild ..................................................................................... 17 1.2.4 Verlauf und Komplikationen ................................................................................... 18 1.2.5 Therapiemöglichkeiten ............................................................................................ 20 1.2.6 Die Rolle von Immunzellen in der SSc-Pathogenese ............................................... 21 1.2.7 Die Rolle von Auto-Ak in der SSc-Pathogenese ....................................................... 23 1.3 G-Protein-gekoppelte Rezeptoren ................................................................................. 25 1.3.1 Struktur und Funktionsweise von GPCRs ................................................................ 25 1.3.2 GPCRs in der Inflammation ..................................................................................... 29 1.3.3 Angiotensin II-Rezeptoren ....................................................................................... 30 1.3.4 Endothelinrezeptoren ............................................................................................. 35 1.3.5 AT1R- und ETAR-Auto-Ak ........................................................................................ 38 2 Aufgabenstellung .................................................................................................................. 42 3 Ergebnisse .............................................................................................................................. 43 3.1 Expression der Angiotensin II- und Endothelinrezeptoren in humanen PBMCs ............ 43 3 Inhaltsverzeichnis 3.1.1 Expression des AT1R und ETAR in PBMCs von gesunden Spendern und SSc- Patienten ................................................................................................................................ 43 3.1.2 Expression des AT2R und ETBR in PBMCs von gesunden Spendern und SSc- Patienten, Verhältnis der Angiotensin II- und Endothelinrezeptoren ................................... 44 3.1.3 Abhängigkeit der Rezeptorexpression vom Alter der Spender .............................. 46 3.1.4 Abhängigkeit der Rezeptorexpression vom Geschlecht der Spender..................... 47 3.1.5 Assoziationen der Rezeptorexpression mit den klinischen Parametern der SSc- Patienten ................................................................................................................................ 50 3.2 Untersuchung des Einflusses der Auto-Ak auf die Proteinexpression der Rezeptoren in vitro 52 3.3 Wirkung von AT1R- und ETAR-Auto-Ak auf die Chemotaxis von T-Zellen .................... 56 3.3.1 Etablierung eines Migrationsassays ........................................................................ 57 3.3.2 Nachweis einer Auto-Ak-induzierten Migration ..................................................... 59 3.4 Aktivierung von PBMCs durch AT1R- und ETAR-Auto-Ak in vitro .................................. 62 3.4.1 Etablierung von geeigneten Outcome-Parametern ................................................ 62 3.4.2 Überprüfung ausgewählter SSc-IgG-induzierter Effekte und deren Hemmung durch selektive AT1R- und ETAR-Antagonisten ..................................................................... 65 3.4.3 Zeitlicher Verlauf der IL-8- und CCL18-Sekretion und deren Hemmung durch selektive AT1R- und ETAR-Antagonisten ............................................................................... 67 3.4.4 Screening zu SSc-IgG-induzierten IL-8- und CCL18-Konzentrationen, deren Hemmbarkeit und klinische Assoziationen ............................................................................ 68 3.4.5 Verifizierung der IL-8- und CCL18-Hemmung unter Hinzunahme eines AT2R- und eines ETBR-Antagonisten ....................................................................................................... 72 3.5 Auto-Ak-Konzentrationen der AT1R- und ETAR-IgG-Subklassen und ihre klinischen Assoziationen ............................................................................................................................. 74 4 Diskussion .............................................................................................................................. 80 4.1 Expression der Angiotensin II- und Endothelinrezeptoren in humanen PBMCs ............ 80 4.1.1 Expression des AT1R und ETAR in PBMCs von gesunden Spendern und SSc- Patienten ................................................................................................................................ 80 4 Inhaltsverzeichnis 4.1.2 Expression des AT2R und ETBR in PBMCs von gesunden Spendern und SSc- Patienten, Verhältnis der Angiotensin II- und Endothelinrezeptoren ................................... 81 4.1.3 Abhängigkeit der Rezeptorexpression vom Alter der Spender .............................. 82 4.1.4 Abhängigkeit der Rezeptorexpression vom Geschlecht der Spender..................... 83 4.1.5 Assoziationen der Rezeptorexpression mit den klinischen Parametern der SSc- Patienten ................................................................................................................................ 84 4.2 Untersuchung des Einflusses der Auto-Ak auf die Proteinexpression der Rezeptoren in vitro 86 4.3 Wirkung von AT1R- und ETAR-Auto-Ak auf die Chemotaxis von T-Zellen .................... 87 4.4 Aktivierung von PBMCs durch AT1R- und ETAR-Auto-Ak in vitro .................................. 89 4.4.1 Etablierung von geeigneten Outcome-Parametern ................................................ 89 4.4.2 Screening zu SSc-IgG-induzierten IL-8- und CCL18-Konzentrationen, deren Hemmbarkeit und klinische Assoziationen ............................................................................ 95 4.4.3 Verifizierung der IL-8- und CCL18-Hemmung unter Hinzunahme eines AT2R- und ETBR-Antagonisten .............................................................................................................. 100 4.5 Auto-Ak-Konzentrationen der AT1R- und ETAR-IgG-Subklassen und ihre klinischen Assoziationen ........................................................................................................................... 101 4.6 Limitationen .................................................................................................................. 104 4.7 Schlussfolgerung und Ausblick ..................................................................................... 105 5 Methoden ............................................................................................................................ 108 5.1 IgG-Aufreinigung, Zellisolierung und Zellkultur ............................................................ 108 5.1.1 Herkunft von IgG und PBMCs ................................................................................ 108 5.1.2 Aufreinigung von IgG mittels Affinitätschromatografie ........................................ 108 5.1.3 Isolierung der PBMCs mittels Dichtegradientenzentrifugation ............................ 109 5.1.4 Trennung der PBMCs mit magnetisch aktivierter Zellsortierung ......................... 109 5.1.5 Kultivierung und Stimulation von PBMCs ............................................................. 110 5.1.6 Kultivierung und Stimulation von T-Zellen ...........................................................
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