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Universidade Federal Da Bahia UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA INSTITUTO DE LETRAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LITERATURA E CULTURA CRISTÓVÃO JOSÉ DOS SANTOS JÚNIOR TRADUZINDO O LIPOGRAMA FULGENCIANO DE AETATIBVS MVNDI ET HOMINIS Dissertação apresentada ao programa de Pós- Graduação em Literatura e Cultura do Instituto de Letras da Universidade Federal da Bahia, como requisito para a obtenção do título de Mestre. Orientador: Prof. Dr. José Amarante Santos Sobrinho. Salvador 2019 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA INSTITUTO DE LETRAS PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM LITERATURA E CULTURA FOLHA DE APROVAÇÃO Em sessão pública realizada em 09 de setembro de 2019, às 9h, na sala de defesas do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Literatura e Cultura do Instituto de Letras da Universidade Federal da Bahia, a presente dissertação, de autoria de CRISTÓVÃO JOSÉ DOS SANTOS JÚNIOR, foi examinada pela seguinte banca examinadora: 1. Prof. Dr. Renato Ambrósio (UFBA) Examinador externo ao Programa 2. Prof. Dr. Hernán Yerro (UFBA) Examinador interno ao Programa 3. Prof. Dr. José Amarante Santos Sobrinho (UFBA) Orientador E obteve o seguinte parecer final: A banca considera que o trabalho apresentado encontra-se bem estruturado e é fruto de uma pesquisa aprofundada; o mestrando demonstra um conhecimento particular do referencial teórico, o que resulta numa tradução inédita e que dá conta das dificuldades do texto lipogramático em português. Ressalte-se a defesa cuidadosa dos elementos apresentados pela banca. A Aureci e Cristóvão AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço profundamente a meu berço familiar, âmago de minhas diretrizes intelectivas, e, especialmente, a meus genitores, maiores pedagogos de meu itinerário existencial. Agradeço a Ivan do Valle, a Gustavo de Pádua, a Silvio Bernal e a Jozianne Andrade, por terem me incentivado a permanecer no percurso nem sempre amistoso da pesquisa stricto sensu. Agradeço inenarravelmente a meu orientador, José Amarante, por suas inestimáveis contribuições, auxiliando-me continuamente em minha empreitada perquisitiva. Foram incontáveis leituras, correções, análises, questionamentos, exames e sugestões. Desse modo, tenho certeza que a qualidade de minha produção científica decorre diretamente de seu olhar sempre atento e preciso, além de sua indelével generosidade intelectual. Agradeço aos professores Jorge Hernán e Renato Ambrósio, que aceitaram prontamente o convite para participar de minha banca, mesmo sem trabalhar diretamente com Fulgêncio, cooperando veementemente com o aperfeiçoamento de meu trabalho. Essa proatividade é sinédoque do magistral perfil docente encarnado pelo Instituto de Letras da UFBA, em que educadores, amplamente comprometidos com a democratização do conhecimento, acolhem, com grande dadivosidade, as mais diversas propostas de estudo. Agradeço, por fim, a todos aqueles que de algum modo colaboraram com minha pesquisa. “Que poeta equilibra a esperança, Balanceada em pequenos bocados?” (José Amarante, Baile a fantasia, 2017). RESUMO Resumo: A presente pesquisa aborda o processo tradutório do prólogo e dos quatro primeiros livros da obra De aetatibus mundi et hominis, creditada ao autor norte-africano e tardo-antigo Fábio Plancíades Fulgêncio (o Mitógrafo), a partir da edição fixada por Helm (1898). Tal produção está dividida em 14 livros, em uma estrutura lipogramática de caráter consecutivo, e possui como fulcro diegético a Bíblia Sagrada Cristã. Na descrição de suas narrativas de cunho religioso, o Mitógrafo adota o mecanismo esteticamente inusitado de supressão de letras (lipograma), evitando palavras que apresentem registro nos 14 elementos iniciais do alfabeto latino, o que está sendo mantido na proposta de tradução. Nesse procedimento, em termos teóricos, estabelecem-se práticas dialógicas com variados autores, a exemplo de Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, Haroldo de Campos Michel Foucault, Antonhy Pym, Lawrence Venuti, Rosemary Arrojo, Lauro Amorim, Alice Ferreira e Michaela Wolf, no processo de discussão de epistemes atreladas ao campo tradutório. No que concerne ao âmbito prático, a seu giro, almeja-se uma atividade tradutória orientada por uma gama de critérios, tanto de ordem geral como direcionados a dar vida à constrição lipogramática, também se evitando, no português, o uso sequenciado das letras que vão de ‘A’ a ‘D’, por livro. Palavras-chave: Fulgêncio, Antiguidade Tardia, Tradução Lipogramática, Escrita Constrangida. ABSTRACT Abstract: This research deals with the translation process of the prologue and the first four books of the work De aetatibus mundi et hominis, credited to the North African and late-old author Fabius Planciades Fulgentius (the Mythographer), from the edition fixed by Helm (1898). This literary work is divided into 14 books, in a lipogrammatic structure of a consecutive character, and has as its diegetic support the Christian Holy Bible. In the description of his religious narratives, the Mythographer adopts the aesthetically unusual mechanism of letter suppression (lipogram), avoiding words that present a record in the 14 initial elements of the Latin alphabet, which is being maintained in the translation proposal. In this procedure, in theoretical terms, dialogical practices are established with a variety of authors, such as Jacques Derrida, Giorgio Agamben, Haroldo de Campos, Michel Foucault, Antonhy Pym, Lawrence Venuti, Rosemary Arrojo, Lauro Amorim, Alice Ferreira and Michaela Wolf, in the process of discussion of epistemes linked to the field of translation. With regard to the practical scope, its aim is to translate the lipogram, guided by a series of criteria, directed to give life to the lipogrammatic constriction, also avoiding, in Portuguese, the sequential use of letters that go from 'A' to 'D'. Keywords: Fulgentius, Late Antiquity, Lipogrammatic Translation, Constrained Writing. 7 SUMÁRIO INTRODUÇÃO ...................................................................................................................... 10 2 A PROBLEMÁTICA DOS DOIS FULGÊNCIOS ...................................................... 13 2.1 ALGUNS ELEMENTOS DA FORTUNA FULGENCIANA ..................................... 13 2.2 FULGÊNCIO RUSPENSE ........................................................................................... 19 2.3 FULGÊNCIO MITÓGRAFO ....................................................................................... 22 2.3.1 Mythologiae .......................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.2 Expositio Virgilianae continentiae ...................................................................................... 29 2.3.3 Expositio sermonum antiquorum ........................................................................................ 30 2.3.4 De aetatibus mundi et hominis ............................................................................................ 31 3 CONHECENDO O LIPOGRAMA ............................................................................... 34 3.1 CARACTERÍSTICAS NOTÁVEIS ............................................................................. 34 3.2 FULGÊNCIO NA TRADIÇÃO LIPOGRAMÁTICA ................................................. 36 4 TRADUZINDO SEM AS LETRAS ............................................................................... 42 4.1 ESTRATÉGIAS FULGENCIANAS ............................................................................ 58 4.2 ESTRATÉGIAS DO TRADUTOR .............................................................................. 64 4.3 TRADUÇÃO ANOTADA ........................................................................................... 69 5 EDIÇÃO BILÍNGUE ................................................................................................. 73 DE AETATIBVS MVNDI ET HOMINIS ....................................................................... 74 PROLOGVS ................................................................................................................. 75 ABEST A ...................................................................................................................... 77 ABEST B ...................................................................................................................... 77 ABEST C ...................................................................................................................... 79 ABEST D ...................................................................................................................... 81 DAS IDADES DO MUNDO E DO HOMEM................................................................ 83 PRÓLOGO.................................................................................................................... 84 AUSENTE A ................................................................................................................ 88 AUSENTE B................................................................................................................. 90 AUSENTE C................................................................................................................. 94 AUSENTE D ................................................................................................................ 97 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ............................................................................................... 100 REFERÊNCIAS.................................................................................................................... 102 ANEXO 1 ..............................................................................................................................
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