DOCSLIB.ORG

Beyond the Stereotype of Black Homophobia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Beyond the Stereotype of Black Homophobia View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Open Access Dissertations 5-2012 Beyond the Stereotype of Black Homophobia: Exploring the Potential of Black Allies for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Students Kyle Oldham University of Massachusetts Amherst, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations Part of the Social and Philosophical Foundations of Education Commons Recommended Citation Oldham, Kyle, "Beyond the Stereotype of Black Homophobia: Exploring the Potential of Black Allies for Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Students" (2012). Open Access Dissertations. 589. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/open_access_dissertations/589 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BEYOND THE STEREOTYPE OF BLACK HOMOPHOBIA: EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF BLACK ALLIES FOR LESBIAN, GAY AND BISEXUAL STUDENTS A Dissertation Presented by KYLE WENDELL OLDHAM Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF EDUCATION May 2012 Social Justice Education © Copyright by Kyle W. Oldham 2012 All Rights Reserved BEYOND THE STEREOTYPE OF BLACK HOMOPHOBIA: EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF BLACK ALLIES FOR LESBIAN, GAY AND BISEXUAL STUDENTS A Dissertation Presented by KYLE WENDELL OLDHAM Approved as to style and content by: ____________________________________ Bailey Jackson III, Chair ____________________________________ Elizabeth Williams, Member ____________________________________ Amy Schalet, Member ____________________________________ Christine B. McCormick, Dean School of Education ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to acknowledge the friends and family in my life who have stood by me and helped me along this journey of discovery, joy and accomplishment. I want to start by thanking my mom, whom without her love and support I would be the person I am today. She has provided an undying and endless amount of love and support that I will cherish and carry with me always. I feel that the journeys I have taken in life and the paths I continue to walk are strengthened by the relationship we have and I know that you always have my back! To my Dad, my brother David and my Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Colorado, California and Ohio friends and family members who consistently checked in with me and asked about my progress even if they didn’t actually know what I was researching or working on I say THANK YOU. The short conversations, email exchanges, dance parties and informal gatherings helped to keep me grounded, focused and centered on the road to completion. Specifically, I would like to thank Victoria Verlezza for her support, help, personality and presence on campus. Without you none of this would have been possible and you know this!! There are also two other individuals who have been there throughout a majority of this six year process that supported, accepted and sometimes tolerated me, Kathy Sisneros and Laura Giles. Thank you for pushing me, believing in me and agreeing with me, even when I may have been wrong. You two have guided me more than you know and I appreciate the friendship that we have cultivated. Lastly, I need to thank my faculty for their guidance and support. First, Dr. Amy Schalet for her willingness to step in with little knowledge of my program of study and continued to offer great insight. I would also like to thank Dr. Liz Williams, who not only iv served on my committee but was very influential in terms of the survey methods to my study. Lastly, I would like to thank Dr. Bailey Jackson who served as my chairperson throughout this process. v ABSTRACT BEYOND THE STEREOTYPE OF BLACK HOMOPHOBIA: EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF BLACK ALLIES FOR LESBIAN, GAY AND BISEXUAL STUDENTS MAY 2012 KYLE OLDHAM, B.A., BALDWIN WALLACE COLLEGE M.S., COLORADO STATE UNIVERSITY Ed.D., UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS AMHERST Directed by: Professor Bailey W. Jackson, III Strides at the federal and state levels are being made to improve the overall climate for gay rights and relationships across the country. However, despite greater acceptance, legislative victories and visibility of gay rights and relationships, homophobia is still widespread in American society (Fone, 2000; Jenkins, Lambert, & Baker, 2009; Schroeder, 2004). No matter the environment, homophobic attitudes permeate all aspects of the US culture, leading to prejudicial attitudes and inequalities that affect everyone in society. Unfortunately, some of these prejudicial attitudes lead to instituting laws that are inherently homophobic (HRC, n.d.). Trends illustrate that more people are coming out at a younger age in society, creating a larger number of ‘out’ students on college campuses. However, the increase in ‘out’ students has also led to an increase of prejudice and discrimination based on sexual orientation more visible on college campuses (Cannick, 2007; D'Augelli & Rose, 1990; Jenkins et al., 2009). vi Current research indicates Black college students are more likely than other college students to hold negative attitudes toward LGB students. The purpose of this research was to explore and describe perceptions and feelings of Black college students toward LGB students. A qualitative online survey using open and close-ended questions was sent out nationally to a number of college campuses to solicit responses. Major findings include the following: 1) participants have the potential to be allies for and hold positive perceptions of LGB identified students, 2) contact with LGB individuals affects the participants’ ability to have more positive perceptions, and 3) participants are receptive to engage in conversations about LGB related issues. Implications of this study suggest collaboration among multicultural offices and other campus constituents for social and academic related programming. In addition, there is a need to provide a space for potential student allies to feel supported and engage in their own self-reflection and learning on how to create community among individuals that hold multiple social identities. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. xi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 1 Statement of Problem .................................................................................................. 2 Significance of Study .................................................................................................. 4 Purpose of Study.......................................................................................................... 9 Rationale: Personal Background ............................................................................... 10 Definition of Key Terms ........................................................................................... 12 Ally ....................................................................................................................... 12 Attitude ................................................................................................................. 13 Prejudice ............................................................................................................... 13 Sexual Prejudice.................................................................................................... 14 Homophobia .......................................................................................................... 15 Sexual Stigma ....................................................................................................... 16 Heterosexism......................................................................................................... 17 Summary.................................................................................................................... 17 II. LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 19 Prior Research on Attitudes toward Homosexuality ................................................. 19 Theoretical Socio-psychology Frameworks of Prejudice .......................................... 21 Implicit vs. Explicit Attitude................................................................................. 21 Allport’s Social Psychological Approaches to Prejudice ..................................... 26 Herek’s Functional Approach Theory .................................................................. 31 Prejudice Reduction .............................................................................................. 37 Discussion and Summary .....................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Race, Sexuality, and Masculinity on the Down Low
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works All Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects 2-2018 Race, Sexuality, and Masculinity on the Down Low Stephen Kochenash The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/2496 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] RACE, SEXUALITY, & MASCULINITY ON THE DOWN LOW by STEPHEN KOCHENASH A master’s thesis submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, The City University of New York 2018 © 2018 STEPHEN KOCHENASH All Rights Reserved ii RACE, SEXUALITY, & MASCULINITY ON THE DOWN LOW by Stephen Kochenash This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Liberal Studies in satisfaction of the thesis requirement for the degree of Master of Arts. ___________________ ________________________________________________ Date James Wilson Thesis Advisor ___________________ ________________________________________________ Date Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis Executive Officer THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT RACE, SEXUALITY, & MASCULINITY ON THE DOWN LOW by Stephen Kochenash Advisor: Dr. James Wilson In a so-called post-racial America, a new gay identity has flourished and come into the limelight. However, in recent years, researchers have concluded that not all men who have sex with other men (MSM) self-identify as gay, most noticeably a large population of Black men.
    [Show full text]
  • Living on the Down-Low: Stories
    LIVING ON THE DOWN-LOW: STORIES FROM AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN by PRISCILLA GANN WILSON A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Counselor Education in the Graduate School of the University of Alabama TUSCALOOSA, ALABAMA 2009 Copyright Priscilla Gann Wilson 2009 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ABSTRACT This study examined the lived experiences of African American men who publicly identified as heterosexual, but privately engaged in intimate relationships with other men. These men are identified by several terminologies including Down Low (DL) and men who have sex with men (MSM). Seven men participated in the study which consisted of three audiotaped phone interviews over the course of three months. One of the participants withdrew from the study before his last interview. The participants identified themselves as being African American, over the age of 19, and having lived, or are currently living, on the DL. The participants were interviewed about their experiences including family of origin beliefs about people who were gay, influences in the African American community that shaped their sexual identity construction, their lives on the DL, mental health issues that they may have experienced, and disclosure and non-disclosure of their sexual identity. Phenomenological research methods were used to collect and analyze and data along with the theoretical methodological framework of Critical Race Theory (CRT), which was used as a tool to identify how factors of race, gender, and sexuality play roles in the construction of African American DL and MSM. QSR NVIVO qualitative research software was also used to code categories and identify relationships that resulted from coding the transcripts.
    [Show full text]
  • Deconstructing Sodom and Gomorrah: a Historical Analysis Of
    Deconstructing Sodom and Gomorrah: A Historical Analysis of the Mythology of Black Homophobia A dissertation presented to the faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of Ohio University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy Lance E. Poston December 2018 © 2018 Lance E. Poston. All Rights Reserved. 2 This dissertation titled Deconstructing Sodom and Gomorrah: A Historical Analysis of the Mythology of Black Homophobia by LANCE E. POSTON has been approved for the Department of History and the College of Arts and Sciences by Katherine Jellison Professor of History Joseph Shields Interim Dean, College of Arts and Sciences 3 ABSTRACT POSTON, LANCE E., PH.D., December 2018, History Deconstructing Sodom and Gomorrah: A Historical Analysis of the Mythology of Black Homophobia Director of Dissertation: Katherine Jellison This dissertation challenges the widespread myth that black Americans make up the most homophobic communities in the United States. After outlining the myth and illustrating that many Americans of all backgrounds had subscribed to this belief by the early 1990s, the project challenges the narrative of black homophobia by highlighting black urban neighborhoods in the first half of the twentieth century that permitted and even occasionally celebrated open displays of queerness. By the 1960s, however, the black communities that had hosted overt queerness were no longer recognizable, as the public balls, private parties, and other spaces where same-sex contacts took place were driven underground. This shift resulted from the rise of the black Civil Rights Movement, whose middle-class leadership – often comprised of ministers from the black church – rigorously promoted the respectability of the race.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF Datastream
    Claiming History, Claiming Rights: Queer Discourses of History and Politics By Evangelia Mazaris B.A., Vassar College, 1998 A.M., Brown University, 2005 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of American Civilization at Brown University Providence, Rhode Island May 2010 © Copyright 2010 by Evangelia Mazaris This dissertation by Evangelia Mazaris is accepted in its present form by the Department of American Civilization as satisfying the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date: ________________ ______________________________ Ralph E. Rodriguez, Advisor Recommended to the Graduate Council Date: ________________ ______________________________ Karen Krahulik, Reader Date: ________________ ______________________________ Steven Lubar, Reader Approved by the Graduate Council Date: ________________ ______________________________ Sheila Bonde, Dean of the Graduate School iii CURRICULUM VITAE Evangelia Mazaris was born in Wilmington, Delaware on September 21, 1976. She received her B.A. in English from Vassar College in 1998. Mazaris completed her A.M. in Museum Studies/American Civilization at Brown University in 2005. Mazaris was a Jacob Javits Fellow through the United States Department of Education (2004 – 2009). Mazaris is the author of “Public Transgressions: the Reverend Phebe Hanaford and the „Minister‟s Wife‟,” published in the anthology Tribades, Tommies and Transgressives: Lesbian Histories, Volume I (Cambridge Scholars Press, 2008). She also published the article “Evidence of Things Not Seen: Greater Light as Faith Manifested,” in Historic Nantucket (Winter 2001). She has presented her work at numerous professional conferences, including the American Studies Association (2008), the New England American Studies Association (2007), the National Council on Public History (2009), and the University College Dublin‟s Historicizing the Lesbian Conference (2006).
    [Show full text]
  • Introduction
    Introduction Transpositions T e myth of our potent sexuality has been, I would argue, not only a great burden but also one of the most potent means by which we have resisted — or at least adapted — racist and racialist oppression. — Robert Reid- Pharr, Once You Go Black Myth is neither a lie nor a confession: it is an inf exion. — Roland Barthes, Mythologies On April 16, 2004, Oprah Winfrey began her episode “A Secret Sex World: Living on the ‘Down Low’ ” with an unusual announcement: “I’m an Afri- can American woman.” Her studio audience responded with laughter. Realizing, perhaps, that her show opener had not elicited the intended re- action, Winfrey explained that the producers of T e Oprah Winfrey Show had had a similarly skeptical, perhaps even dismissive, response when she discussed her choice to open with a declaration of her identity: When I told the producers I wanted to say that, they go like, “Really now?” But I’m an African- American woman, so when I picked up the paper the other day and saw this headline, it really got my attention. T e headline says, “AIDS is the leading cause of death for African- Americans between the age of 25 and 44.” T at is startling! All my alarms went of . Not only are more Black people getting AIDS in record numbers . more women, listen to me now, more women, more college students and people over 50 are at greater risk than ever before. Today, you’re gonna hear many reasons why AIDS is on the rise again.
    [Show full text]
  • The Down Low and the Sexuality of Race Brad Elliott Stone, Loyola Marymount University
    Brad Elliott Stone 2011 ISSN: 1832-5203 Foucault Studies, No. 12, pp. 36-50, October 2011 ARTICLE The Down Low and the Sexuality of Race Brad Elliott Stone, Loyola Marymount University ABSTRACT: There has been much interest in the phenomenon called ‚the Down Low,‛ in which ‚otherwise heterosexual‛ African American men have sex with other black men. This essay explores the biopolitics at play in the media’s curiosity about the Down Low. The Down Low serves as a critical, transgressive heterotopia that reveals the codetermi- nation of racism, sexism, and heterosexism in black male sexuality. Keywords: Foucault, race, sexuality, biopolitics. In this essay I offer a Foucauldian interpretation of the phenomenon in African American culture referred to as ‚the Down Low.‛ The cleanest definition of the Down Low is that it is a social scene in which otherwise heterosexual black men have sex with other men (usually also otherwise heterosexual black men). This scene came to the fore when it was (erro- neously) connected at the beginning of the millennium to an alleged increase in HIV infection rates in African American women, the supposed ‚unaware‛ heterosexual partners of Down Low men. Although the connection turns out to be unfounded, the forces of power at play in the discussion of the Down Low have real racist, sexist, and heterosexist effects in African Americans. Any black sexual politics must keep these effects on the for- mation of African American identities in mind. Of use for such mindfulness are Foucault’s philosophical methods. Foucault’s ac- count of sexuality and race offers black sexual politics helpful tools for cutting past tradition and seeing the workings of power relations that created not only racial identities but genders and sexual orientation.
    [Show full text]
  • Surviving Racist Culture: Strategies of Managing Racism
    SURVIVING RACIST CULTURE: STRATEGIES OF MANAGING RACISM AMONG GAY MEN OF COLOUR—AN INTERPRETATIVE PHENOMENOLOGICAL ANALYSIS SULAIMON GIWA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN SOCIAL WORK YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO November 2016 © Sulaimon Giwa, 2016 Abstract Racism, a unique source of stress, occupies a peripheral point of analysis in the literature on gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) health research. Canadian investigators have not examined the coping strategies that non-White gay men use. Lacking knowledge of the group’s coping responses overlooks the dynamics of resistance and prevents interventions for addressing racism from being developed. The current study’s aims were to explore the contexts in which gay men of colour experienced gay-specific racism; to investigate their understanding of factors contributing to the experience of racism; and to examine strategies they used to manage the stress of racism. Foregrounding issues of White supremacy and racial oppression, the study used frameworks from critical race and queer theories and minority stress theory, integrating insights from the psychological model of stress and coping. Data were collected in Ottawa, Canada, employing focus groups and in-depth interviews with 13 gay men who identified as Black, East Asian, South Asian, and Arab/Middle Eastern. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), the study concluded that racism was pervasive in Ottawa’s GLB community, at individual, institutional, and cultural levels. Racial-cultural socialization processes were found to influence racist attitudes and practices. Racism’s subtle, insidious forms undermined discrimination claims by gay men of colour, in that White gay men denied any racist attitudes and actions.
    [Show full text]
  • Racing the Closet, Jsp 2010
    russell K. robinson Professor of Law Russell k. Robinson graduated with honors from harvard Law School (1998) after receiving his B.A., summa cum laude, from hampton University (1995). he clerked for Judge Dorothy Nelson of the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals (1998-99) and for Justice Stephen Breyer of the U.S. Supreme Court (2000-01). he has also worked for the U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Legal Counsel (1999-2000) and the firm of Akin, Gump, Strauss, hauer and Feld in Los Angeles, practicing entertainment law (2001-02). he was a visiting professor at Fordham Law School (2003-04). Professor Robinson’s current scholarly and teaching interests include antidiscrimination law, law and psychology, race and sexuality, constitutional law and media and entertainment law. his publications include: Casting and Caste-ing: Reconciling Artistic Freedom and Antidiscrimination Norms, 95 Cal L. Rev. 1 (2007); Uncovering Covering, 101 Nw. U. L. Rev. 1809 (2007); Perceptual Segregation, 108 Colum. L. Rev. 1093 (2008); Structural Dimensions of Romantic Preferences, 76 Fordham L. Rev. 2787 (2008); and Racing the Closet, 61 Stan. L. Rev. 1463 (2009). He is also working on an article regarding the legal regulation of sexuality in prison. 211617_SP_Text_r3.indd 45 8/19/2010 11:51:35 AM RACING the CLOSet* Russell k. Robinson** INTRODUCTIon ecently, the media have brought to light examples of ordinary black rmen who are said to live on the “down low” (or DL) in that they have primary romantic relationships with women while engaging in secret sex with men.1 A central theme of this media coverage, which I will call “DL discourse,” is that DL men expose their unwitting female partners to hIV, which stems from their secret sex with men.2 DL discourse warrants examination because it sits at the intersection of three important civil rights movements: (1) the gay rights movement, (2) the black anti-racist movement, and (3) AIDS activism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Down Low and the Sexuality of Race
    Philosophy Faculty Works Philosophy 2011 The Down Low and the Sexuality of Race Brad E. Stone Loyola Marymount University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lmu.edu/phil_fac Part of the Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies Commons, Philosophy Commons, and the Race, Ethnicity and Post-Colonial Studies Commons Recommended Citation Brad, Stone E.“The Down Low and the Sexuality of Race,” Foucault Studies 12 (2011): 36-‐50. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Philosophy at Digital Commons @ Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Faculty Works by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons@Loyola Marymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Brad Elliott Stone 2011 ISSN: 1832-5203 Foucault Studies, No. 12, pp. 36-50, October 2011 ARTICLE The Down Low and the Sexuality of Race Brad Elliott Stone, Loyola Marymount University ABSTRACT: There has been much interest in the phenomenon called ‚the Down Low,‛ in which ‚otherwise heterosexual‛ African American men have sex with other black men. This essay explores the biopolitics at play in the media’s curiosity about the Down Low. The Down Low serves as a critical, transgressive heterotopia that reveals the codetermi- nation of racism, sexism, and heterosexism in black male sexuality. Keywords: Foucault, race, sexuality, biopolitics. In this essay I offer a Foucauldian interpretation of the phenomenon in African American culture referred to as ‚the Down Low.‛ The cleanest definition of the Down Low is that it is a social scene in which otherwise heterosexual black men have sex with other men (usually also otherwise heterosexual black men).
    [Show full text]
  • Decoding Literary AIDS: a Study on Issues of the Body, Masculinity, and Self Identity in U.S
    University of Arkansas, Fayetteville ScholarWorks@UARK Theses and Dissertations 8-2013 Decoding Literary AIDS: A Study On Issues of the Body, Masculinity, and Self Identity In U.S. AIDS Literature From 1984-2011 Alexander Shimon Abrams University of Arkansas, Fayetteville Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd Part of the American Literature Commons, Gender and Sexuality Commons, Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Studies Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Modern Literature Commons Recommended Citation Abrams, Alexander Shimon, "Decoding Literary AIDS: A Study On Issues of the Body, Masculinity, and Self Identity In U.S. AIDS Literature From 1984-2011" (2013). Theses and Dissertations. 901. http://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/901 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Decoding Literary AIDS: A Study On Issues of the Body, Masculinity, and Self Identity In U.S. AIDS Literature From 1984-2011 Decoding Literary AIDS: A Study On Issues of the Body, Masculinity, and Self Identity In U.S. AIDS Literature From 1984-2011 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in English By Alexander Shimon Abrams Florida State University Bachelor of Arts in English, 2002 August 2013 University of Arkansas This thesis is approved for recommendation to the Graduate Council. ____________________________ Dr. Lisa Hinrichsen Thesis Director ____________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Ben Fagan Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Examining Links of Racial and Sexual Identity Development
    EXAMINING LINKS OF RACIAL AND SEXUAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, AND SEXUAL RISKS AMONG HIV- POSITIVE, SAME SEX ATTRACTED AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN A Dissertation Presented to The Graduate Faculty of The University of Akron In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Laura E. Kessler August 2008 EXAMINING LINKS OF RACIAL AND SEXUAL IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT, PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING, AND SEXUAL RISKS AMONG HIV- POSITIVE, SAME SEX ATTRACTED AFRICAN AMERICAN MEN Laura E. Kessler Dissertation Approved: Accepted: _____________________________ _____________________________ Charles A. Waehler Paul E. Levy Advisor Department Chair _____________________________ _____________________________ Rosalie J. Hall Ronald F. Levant Committee Member Dean of the College _____________________________ _____________________________ John E. Queener George R. Newkome Committee Member Dean of the Graduate School _____________________________ _____________________________ Robert C. Schwartz Date Committee Member _____________________________ Linda M. Subich Committee Member ii ABSTRACT The present study investigated associations among African American and same sex attracted identity developmental components, psychological well-being, difficult sexual situations, and sexual risk practices among a sample (N = 73) of HIV-positive African American men who have sex with men (MSMs). The current study responds to Mays, Cochran, and Zamudio’s (2004) call for empirical investigations of culturally specific determinants impacting
    [Show full text]
  • Participant List
    Appendix 1 Participant List Older cohort (36–42) Middle cohort (24–35) Younger cohort (18–23) 10 each from NY, LA and 10 each from NY, LA and 10 each from NY, LA and Lon Lon Lon Marcus 35 White Louis 24 White Marco 18 Hispanic Stephen 36 White Jose 24 Hispanic Cole 18 White Alejandro 36 Hispanic Jake 24 White Mike 18 White Bernie 37 White Benji 24 White Joey 18 White Richard 37 White Ray 25 Hispanic Ryan 18 Black Freddie 37 Hispanic Sean 25 White Neil 18 White Alex 37 White Ronnie 27 Hispanic Pete 18 Black AJ 38 Black Danny 27 White Angelo 18 Hispanic Ed 38 White Max 27 White Paul 18 White John 38 White Shane 28 Black David 19 Hispanic Riccardo 38 Hispanic Trenton 28 White Saul 19 Black Lloyd 38 White Chris 28 Hispanic Kevin 19 Black Connor 38 White George 28 White Laurie 19 White Garret 38 White Lee 29 Black Tyler 19 Hispanic Diego 39 Hispanic Stefan 30 White Joseph 20 Hispanic Andy 39 White Andrew 30 White Liam 21 White Barry 39 Black Drew 30 Black Jared 21 White Jamal 39 Black Phil 31 White Jackson 21 White Thomas 39 White JP 31 Hispanic Jacob 21 White Filipe 39 Hispanic Richie 32 Hispanic Ben 21 White Simon 39 White Colin 32 White Lewis 21 White Arnold 40 Black Nicholas 32 Black William 22 White Vernon 40 White Carl 32 White Harry 22 White Clark 40 White Ricky 33 Hispanic Cooper 22 White Matthew 41 White Bill 33 Black Leonard 22 Black (continued) © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 167 E.
    [Show full text]