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Cobham Microwave Space capabilities The most important thing we build is trust ISOLATORS & FILTERS & DIODES & WAWEGUIDES & SYSTEMS & CIRCULATORS DUPLEXERS MODULES COUPLERS SUB-SYSTEMS Cobham Microwawe Space heritage Symphonie 1 19/12/1974 Symphonie 2 27/08/1975 INSAT 1A EUTELSAT 1 10/04/1982 16/06/1983 EUTELSAT 2 INSAT 1B 4/08/1984 31/08/1983 Arabsat 1 TELECOM 1A 8/02/1985 4/08/1984 Arabsat 1B TELECOM 1B 17/06/1985 8/05/1985 EUTELSAT 4 TELECOM 1C 16/09/1987 Helios-A 11/03/1988 10/12/1974 INSAT 1C 21/07/1988 Helios-B EUTELSAT 5 15/01/1976 21/07/1988 TDF 1 28/10/1988 Meteosat 1 Astra 1A Skynet 4B 23/11/1977 11/12/1988 11/12/1988 Meteosat 2 Skynet 4A INSAT 1D 19/06/1981 1/01/1990 12/06/1990 Giotto EUTELSAT-II F1 TDF 2 2/07/1985 30/08/1990 24/07/1990 SPOT 1 Italsat 1 22/02/1986 Skynet 4C Meteosat 3 15/01/1991 30/08/1990 15/06/1988 Astra 1B EUTELSAT-II F2 2/03/1991 15/01/1991 SPOT 2 Topex/Poseidon 22/01/1990 EUTELSAT-II F3 10/08/1992 TELECOM 2A 7/12/1991 Meteosat 6 16/12/1991 20/11/1993 TELECOM 2B SPOT 3 Meteosat 7 Jason 1 Arabsat 1C Clementine France 15/04/1992 26/09/1993 2/09/1997 7/12/2001 26/02/1992 Hispasat 1A Radarsat 1 3/12/1999 10/09/1992 INSAT 2A 4/11/1995 SPOT 4 CBERS 1 EUTELSAT-II F4 Oce 9/07/1992 24/03/1998 14/10/1999 9/07/1992 INTELSAT 702 Cassini ROCSAT-1 1/0 17/06/1994 Astra 1D 27/01/1999 Astra 1C 15/10/1997 1/11/1994 12/05/1993 INTELSAT 7 F-1 22/10/1993 INTELSAT 703 INTELSAT 706 6/10/1994 17/05/1995 INSAT 2B Inmarsat 3-F1 INTELSAT 7 F-1 22/07/1993 3/04/1996 22/10/1993 Express 1 Hot Bird 1 Apstar 1A GE 1 Arabsat 3 13/10/1994 28/03/1995 3/07/1996 GE 2 Astra 1G Sinosat 1 TELECOM 2C 7/09/1996 26/02/19 Hispasat 1B 29/01/1997 2/12/1997 18/07/1998 Turksat 1B INTELSAT 705 6/12/1995 22/07/1993 INTELSAT 709 11/08/1994 21/03/1995 Express 12 Apstar 2R China Star 1 INSAT 2C 15/06/1996 Inmarsat 3-F3 26/09/1996 16/10/1997 30/05/1998 6/12/1995 18/12/1996 Apstar A1 N INTELSAT 704 AMOS 1 Hot Bird 3 21/07/1994 Italsat 2 Chinasat 7 Arabsat 2B 28 10/01/1995 Astra 1E 16/05/1996 2/09/1997 19/10/1995 8/08/1996 18/08/1996 13/11/1996 Mabuhay 1 Sk INTELSAT 7 F-7 TELECOM 2D Turksat 1C Hot Bird 2 Koreasat 1 14/03/1996 18/08/1997 10/ 5/08/1995 8/08/1996 9/07/1996 21/11/1996 Koreasat 2 Astra 1F Arabsat 2A Inmarsat 3-F4 INSAT Inmarsat 3-F2 14/01/1996 8/04/1996 9/07/1996 3/06/1997 3/06/19 6/09/1996 Communications Intelsat 15 30/11/2009 Eutelsat W7 Intelsat 14 24/11/2009 Thor 6 23/11/2009 29/10/2009 Amazonas 2 Palapa D SICRAL 1B 1/10/2009 31/08/2009 20/04/2009 W2A Hot Bird 10 3/04/2009 11/02/2009 W2M 20/12/2008 Express AM-44 Hot Bird 9 11/02/2009 Ciel 2 10/12/2008 20/12/2008 AMC 21 Astra 1M Nimiq 4 14/08/2008 5/11/2008 19/09/2008 Skynet 5C Turksat 3A Scientific & Amos 3 12/06/2008 Navigation 12/06/2008 28/04/2008 Star One C2 Express AM33 Star One C1 18/04/2008 28/01/2008 14/11/2007 Skynet 5B Intelsat 11 Insat 4CR 14/11/2007 5/10/2007 2/09/2007 BepiColombo Astra 1L SinoSat 3 Anik F3 1/08/2013 4/05/2007 31/05/2007 9/04/2007 Insat 4B ArabSat 4B Herschel Space Observatory Skynet 5A SinoSat 2 11/03/2007 8/11/2006 14/05/2009 11/03/2007 28/10/2006 Planck KoreaSat 5 Hot Bird 8 KazSat 1 Thaicom 5 14/05/2009 22/08/2006 4/08/2006 17/06/2006 27/05/2006 Jason 2 Astra 1KR 20/06/2008 Hot Bird 7A Arabsat 4A Insat 4A RISAT 2 20/04/2006 11/03/2006 20/04/2009 28/02/2006 21/12/2005 COSMO-SkyMed 1 Anik F1R Express AM3 Apstar 6 Express AM2 8/06/2007 9/09/2005 24/06/2005 Radarsat 2 12/04/2005 29/03/2005 Rocsat 2 14/12/2007 AMC 12 Express AM1 Amazonas Anik F2 19/05/2004 METOP-A 3/02/2005 29/10/2004 19/10/2006 4/08/2004 18/07/2004 Mars Express Intelsat 10-02 Rosetta Express AM-11 2/06/2003 16/06/2004 Eutelsat W3A Express AM22 2/03/2004 26/04/2004 Amos 2 15/03/2004 28/12/2003 Spot 5 Yamal 202 Columbus Orbital Facility 27/12/2003 Yamal 201 4/05/2002 24/11/2003 INSAT 3E 1/01/2003 24/11/2003 Hellas-Sat 27/09/2003 Envisat 1 GSAT 2 13/05/2003 Insat 3A Astra 1K 1/03/2002 Eutelsat W5 8/05/2003 Nimiq 2 eansat 2 9/04/2003 29/12/2002 25/11/2002 01/2002 20/11/2002 Hispasat 1D Insat 3C 18/09/2002 Hot Bird 6 Express 4A 23/01/2002 Artemis Astra 3A 21/08/2002 10/06/2002 Sicral 12/07/2001 Astra 2C 29/03/2002 7/02/2001 Turksat 2 16/06/2001 Astra 2B GSAT 1 Skynet 4F 10/01/2001 Astra 2D SESAT 1 14/09/2000 18/04/2001 7/02/2001 Eutelsat W1 20/12/2000 Yamal 101 17/04/2000 Anik F1 Asiastar 6/09/2000 3A 6/09/1999 Nilesat 102 21/11/2000 Europe*Star 1 21/03/2000 17/08/2000 30/10/2000 99 Yamal 102 Insat 3B Express A3 24/06/2000 Eutelsat W2 6/09/1999 Astra 1H 21/03/2000 Eutelsat W4 Express 2A 1 5/10/1998 18/06/1999 25/05/2000 8 GE 5 12/03/2000 Hispasat 1C 27/10/1998 Eutelsat W6 3/02/2000 ilesat 101 Hot Bird 5 12/04/1999 8/04/1998 9/10/1998 INSAT 2E Inmarsat 3-F5 Astra 2A 2/04/1999 4/02/1998 kynet 4D 30/08/1998 /01/1998 Globalstar M001 Hot Bird 4 14/02/1998 2D 27/02/1998 997 Cobham Microwave Space capabilities Cobham Microwave has more than 30 years heritage in space market. Our space approved RF & Microwave sub-systems, equipment and components are flying or are being integrated on more than 100 satellites. Using leading edge space qualified technologies and world class engineering team we have developed an impressive portolio of space products including integrated sub-systems, isolators and circulators, filters, couplers, adapters, loads, waveguides, silicon diodes, modules,… Courtesy of ESA Our 6 space qualified manufacturing sites located in France and UK are specialised in their own product line. Rapid prototyping is allowed by both the use of state of the art softwares and the location of R&D engineers nearby the workshop. Space qualified processes list includes dip-brazing, vapor phase epitaxy, thin-film, ceramic, ferrites assembly, alochrome, silver or gold plating, painting. In house screening equipment include high power vacuum, intermodulation, thermal cycling, EMC, Life tests, Die shear tests, Pull tests, Gross and fine leakage, Vibrations and accelerations test, PIND tests (Particle Impact), Noise detection,... ISOLATORS & CIRCULATORS Cobham Microwave designs and manufactures space approved isolators & circulators. Our R&D and engineering team masters the complex elements of ferrite devices design like non-linear effects, intermodulation, High Power handling and Multipactor margin,… Space approved Isolators & Circulators product range includes : Waveguides : High or low Power Waveguide Isolators (HPI, LPI) for TWT Coaxial : High Power, Medium and low power for Imux or LNA , low EMC Drop In with tab or microstrip access. 4 Cobham Microwave WAVEGUIDES Cobham Microwave has 2 space qualified waveguides facilities located in France and UK. All manufacturing processes including dip brazing, surface treatment, painting and screening are in-house allowing full control of space waveguides quality. Capabilities include low weight ultra thin wall waveguides, rigid-flexible assembly, extra-long waveguides with complex shaping, high electrical performances within broad frequency bandwidth, bracket soldering on waveguides to ease satellite integration process,… WAVEGUIDE TO COAXIAL ADAPTERS, COUPLERS, COMBINERS, LOADS… Cobham Microwave proposes a full range of : • High or low Power Waveguide to Coaxial adaptors : full, half or quarter height, bended connectors, end launch,… • High Directivity Test Couplers, Combiners, power dividers, Medium or High Power Loads, Magic Tee, … Cobham Microwave 5 Cobham Microwave Space capabilities DIODES, VARACTORS, MOS CAPACITORS Cobham Microwave has in-house vapor phase epitaxy process, front end die manufacturing and assembly lines. Silicon diodes product range (on esa Qualified Part List) includes : Varactors for multipliers or tuning, PIN fast or ultra fast switching, MOS Capacitors. MODULES Cobham Microwave designs and manufactures RF & Microwave modules using best in class softwares, assembly and packaging processes. In-house screening equipment as Climatic chambers, Life tests, Die shear tests, Pull tests, Gross and fine leakage, Vibrations and accelerations test, PIND tests (ParticleImpact), Noise detection,… allow full control of product performances and quality to suit the space environment constraints. Space approved modules product range includes : • CIL (Integrated Circulator-Isolator-Limiter Module) • Limiters (Wide Band) • Mixers (single, double balanced, IRM) • Multi Throw Switches • Transformers 6 Cobham Microwave FILTERS AND DUPLEXERS Cobham Microwave designs and manufactures Space approved RF & Microwave Filters & Duplexers using best in class softwares and space qualified materials & processes.
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  • Journal of Space Law

    Journal of Space Law

    JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW VOLUME 24, NUMBER 2 1996 JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW A journal devoted to the legal problems arising out of human activities in outer space VOLUME 24 1996 NUMBERS 1 & 2 EDITORIAL BOARD AND ADVISORS BERGER, HAROLD GALLOWAY, ElLENE Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Washington, D.C. BOCKSTIEGEL, KARL·HEINZ HE, QIZHI Cologne, Germany Beijing, China BOUREr.. Y, MICHEL G. JASENTULIYANA, NANDASIRI Paris, France Vienna. Austria COCCA, ALDO ARMANDO KOPAL, VLADIMIR Buenes Aires, Argentina Prague, Czech Republic DEMBLING, PAUL G. McDOUGAL, MYRES S. Washington, D. C. New Haven. Connecticut DIEDERIKS·VERSCHOOR, IE. PH. VERESHCHETIN, V.S. Baarn, Holland Moscow. Russ~an Federation FASAN, ERNST ZANOTTI, ISIDORO N eunkirchen, Austria Washington, D.C. FINCH, EDWARD R., JR. New York, N.Y. STEPHEN GOROVE, Chairman Oxford, Mississippi All correspondance should be directed to the JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW, P.O. Box 308, University, MS 38677, USA. Tel./Fax: 601·234·2391. The 1997 subscription rates for individuals are $84.80 (domestic) and $89.80 (foreign) for two issues, including postage and handling The 1997 rates for organizations are $99.80 (domestic) and $104.80 (foreign) for two issues. Single issues may be ordered for $56 per issue. Copyright © JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW 1996. Suggested abbreviation: J. SPACE L. JOURNAL OF SPACE LAW A journal devoted to the legal problems arising out of human activities in outer space VOLUME 24 1996 NUMBER 2 CONTENTS In Memoriam ~ Tribute to Professor Dr. Daan Goedhuis. (N. J asentuliyana) I Articles Financing and Insurance Aspects of Spacecraft (I.H. Ph. Diederiks-Verschoor) 97 Are 'Stratospheric Platforms in Airspace or Outer Space? (M.