International Conference on Oriental Literatures and Orient in Literary Texts
5th Edition
Orient in Literature – Literature of the Orient
Literature Towards Freedom & Oppression
28-29 March 2019 Toruń
PROGRAM & ABSTRACTS
Adam Bednarczyk Magdalena Kubarek Magdalena Lewicka Maciej Szatkowski Michał Dahl
Faculty of Languages Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń 2019
The 5th Edition of the International Conference: Orient in Literature – Literature of the Orient Literature Towards Freedom & Oppression Toruń, 28-29 March, 2019
Program & Abstracts
https://ollo2019.wordpress.com/
Department of Japanese Studies Arabic Language and Culture Center Chinese Language and Culture Center
Faculty of Languages Nicolaus Copernicus University Toruń, Poland
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Polish Oriental Society http://pto.orient.uw.edu.pl/
Print Machina Druku Szosa Bydgoska 50, 87-100 Toruń tel.: +48 56 651 97 87 tel.: +48 502 320 776 [email protected]
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Orient in Literature – Literature of the Orient
Literature Towards Freedom & Oppression
PROGRAM
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Thursday, 28 March 2019
09:30-18:00 Registration desk open (in front of Kolankowski’s Hall [Room 307], Collegium Maius)
10:00-10:15 Opening of the Conference and Welcome Adresses (Kolankowski’s Hall)
Opening address The Dean of the Faculty of Languages, Nicolaus Copernicus University Przemysław NEHRING Professor of Classical Philology
10:15-11:45 Plenary session (Kolankowski’s Hall)
Keynote speech (1) Prof. Stephan GUTH Professor of Arabic and Middle Eastern Literatures Department of Cultural Studies and Oriental Languages (IKOS) University of Oslo Three Middle Eastern Utopias and the Fading Trust in the Nahdah
Keynote speech (2) Prof. Lisette GEBHARDT Professor of Japanese Literature and Culture Department 9: Languages and Cultures Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Thought Control and Totalitarian System in Recent Japanese Literature: Yoshimura Man’ichi, Tsushima Yûko and Kirino Natsuo
11:45-12:00 Coffee break (Room 306)
12:00-14:00 Noon session (Collegium Maius)
Panel 1: Freedom and Oppression in Chinese Literature (Room 309)
Panel 2: Concepts of Freedom (Room 307)
Panel 3: Different Perspectives of Freedom and Oppression (1) (Room 203)
14:00-15:00 Lunch break (restaurant at Collegium Maius)
15:00-16:30 Afternoon session (Collegium Maius)
Panel 4: The Dimensions of Freedom in Arabic Literature (Room 307)
Panel 5: Freedom and Religious Texts (Room 309)
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Panel 6: Discourses about Freedom (Room 203)
16:30-17:00 Coffee break (Room 306)
17:00-19:00 Evening session (Collegium Maius) Evening session (Collegium Maius)
Panel 7: The Experience of Oppression in Contemporary Japanese Literature – Precarity, Imprisonment, Totalitarian Tendencies (Room 307)
Panel 8: Woman: between Freedom and Oppression (1) (Room 203)
Panel 9: China: the Picture of Freedom and Oppression (Room 309)
19:00 Conference welcome reception (restaurant at Collegium Maius)
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Friday, 29 March 2019
09:45-14:30 Late registration desk open (in front of Kolankowski’s Hall [Room 307])
10:00-11:30 Plenary session (Kolankowski’s Hall)
Keynote speech (3) Prof. Marek DZIEKAN Professor of Arabic Culture and Literature Department of Middle East and North Africa University of Łódź Koncepcja wolności w „Al-Lisan al-murib an tahafut al-adżnabi hawla Al-Maghrib” Muhammada as-Sulajmaniego (1869–1926)
Keynote speech (4) Prof. Daniel KALINOWSKI Professor of Polish Studies Institute of Polish Studies Pomeranian University in Słupsk Trzy drogi do buddyjskiej wolności (Jack Kerouac, Janwillem van de van de Wetering, Artur Cieślar)
11:30-12:00 Coffee break (Room 306)
12:00-14:00 Noon session (Collegium Maius)
Panel 10: Woman: between Freedom and Oppression (2) (Room 307)
Panel 11: The Freedom in Colonial and Postcolonial Perspective (Room 309)
Panel 12: Freedom in Contemporary Arabic Literature (Room 203)
14:00-15:00 Lunch break (restaurant at Collegium Maius)
15:00-17:00 Afternoon session (Collegium Maius)
Panel 13: Freedom and Violence in Narration (Room 307)
Panel 14: Spheres of Freedom and Oppression between Orient and Polish Literature (Room 309)
Panel 15: Different Perspectives of Freedom and Oppression (2) (Room 203)
17:00 Conference closing remarks (Kolankowski’s Hall)
17:15-19:00 Integration event: guided tour at Toruń’s Old Town ent. “Get Gothic”
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Orient in Literature – Literature of the Orient
Literature Towards Freedom & Oppression
KEYNOTE SPEECHES & PANELS
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Keynote Speech 1
Thursday, 28 March, 10:15-10:45 / Room 307
Language: English
Prof. Stephan GUTH
Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages UNIVERSITY OF OSLO (Oslo/Norway) [email protected]
Three Middle Eastern Utopias and the Fading Trust in the Nahdah
The paper analyses three utopian novellas, written by prominent authors from the Middle East at three different periods (M.F. Akhundov 1857, Al-Manfalūṭī c. 1908, Y. Idrīs 1954). Each novella represents a stage in the development of Middle Easterners’ attitude towards the project of a nahḍah, or cultural upswing/revival, and with it the – gradually decreasing – belief in the feasibility of social and political reform, progress, and modernity in general. The main focus of the analysis will be on narrative perspective, as the structural feature that tells us most about the writers’ vision du monde – and the view of their respective society’s future.
Keynote Speech 2
Thursday, 28 March, 10:45-11:15 / Room 307
Language: English
Prof. Lisette GEBHARDT
Department 9: Languages and Cultures JOHANN WOLFGANG GOETHE-UNIVERSITY (Frankfurt/Germany)
Thought Control and Totalitarian System in Recent Japanese Literature: Yoshimura Man’ichi, Tsushima Yûko and Kirino Natsuo
The last years of Abe Shinzô’s leadership as prime minister of Japan were characterized by a conservative legislation and a restrictive press code. The tendency to limit freedom of opinion led to a lower placement of Japan on the annual worldwide press freedom index, where it ranked 72nd in 2017, 67th in 2018. A few representatives of the literary community, however, still cling to the values of Japanese postwar democracy and state their opinions frankly. Especially when it comes to a fictional representation of the trifold catastrophe on 11th March 2011, they precisely show aspects of an unwanted reality. Noteworthy is first of all, the late renowned writer Tsushima Yûko 津島佑子 (1947–2016) with Hangenki wo iwatte (半減期を 祝って 2016 / Celebrating Half-time) where she refers to the German “Hitler Jugend” when she characterizes a dystopian totalitarian Japanese society in the near future. Yoshimura Man’ichi (Borâdobyô ボラード病 2014 / The Bollard Syndrom) and Kirino Natsuo (Baraka バ ラ カ ) create similar dystopian systems in their texts and prove thus that Japanese “post-disaster literature” (shinsaigo bungaku 震災後文学) has made a contribution to today’s world literature in the direction of what was formally known as “political literature”.
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Keynote Speech 3
Thursday, 29 March, 10:00-10:45 / Room 307
Language: Polish
Prof. Marek DZIEKAN
Department of Middle East and North Africa UNIVERSITY OF ŁÓDŹ (Łódź/Poland) [email protected]
Koncepcja wolności w Al-Lisan al-murib an tahafut al-adżnabi hawla Al-Maghrib Muhammada as-Sulajmaniego(1869–1926)
Muhammad Ibn al-Aradż as-Sulajmani należy do grupy marokańskich intelektualistów przełomu wieków XIX i XX, których pisarstwo oraz działalność społeczno-polityczna odegrały kluczową rolę w marokańskiej nahdy. As-Sulajmani wywodził się z Al-Mu’askaru w Algierii, ale swoje życie związał z Marokiem. Był znanym historykiem, ale jego twórczość obejmuje także poezję i jest jednym z najwybitniejszych poetów swego kraju w XX wieku. Najważniejszym dziełem As-Sulajmaniego jest obszerna praca historyczna „Zubdat at-tarich wa-zahrat asz-szamarich” [Masło historii i kwiat winogradu], która pozostaje po dziś dzień w rękopisie. W 1911 roku ukazał się natomiast w Rabacie skrót tej pracy, „Al-Lisan al-murib an tahafut al-adżnabi haula Al-Maghrib” [Język opowiadający o zniszczeniu Maghrebu przez cudzoziemców]. Niewielki traktat Ibn al-Aradża obejmuje z jednej strony analizy historyczne, z drugiej zaś odnosi się do pewnych pojęć filozoficznych i socjologicznych, w tym wolności (hurrijja). W zasadzie jego pojęcie wolności można uznać za bardzo zbliżone do zachodniego rozumienia tego terminu, co w tamtych czasach nie było powszechne, a czasem nie jest i dzisiaj. Przedmiotem wystąpienia będzie prezentacja mało znanej na zachodzie postaci As-Sulajmaniego oraz koncepcji wolności, jaką przedstawia we wspomnianym wyżej dziele.
The Concept of Freedom in Al-Lisan al-mu’rib ‘an tahafut al-ajnabi hawla Al-Maghrib by Muhammad as-Sulaymani (1869–1926)
Muhammad Ibn al-Araj as-Sulaymani belongs to a group of Moroccan intellectuals at turn of the nineteenth century whose literary and socio-political activity has played a key role in Moroccan nahda. Although As-Sulaymani came from Algierian city of Al-Muʽaskar, his life became more connected to Morocco. He was well known historian, but his work also includes poetry as he is considered to be one of the most prominent poets of his country within the twentieth century. The most important work of As-Sulaymani is an extensive historical text “Zubdat at-tarikh wa-zahrat ash-shamarikh” [The butter of history and the flower of vine], which remains nothing but a manuscript even today. However, a summary of this text has been published in Rabat in 1911, under the title of “Al-Lisan al-murib an tahafut al-ajnabi hawla Al-Maghrib” [Language describing the destruction of the Maghreb by foreigners]. A lesser treaty of Ibn al-Araj involves on one hand historical analysis, but also touches on certain philosophical and sociological notions, including freedom (hurriyya). His idea of freedom can be essentially understood as very similar to western understanding of this notion, a resemblance that was very uncommon in his times and is not too common today either. The objective of this speech will be to present the character of As-Sulaymani, rarely known in the west, along with his idea of freedom described within the text mentioned above.
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Keynote Speech 4
Thursday, 29 March, 10:45-11:30 / Room 307
Language: Polish
Prof. Daniel KALINOWSKI
Institute of Polish Studies Pomeranian University in Słupsk (Słupsk/Poland) [email protected]
Trzy drogi do buddyjskiej wolności (Jack Kerouac, Janwillem van de van de van de Wetering, Artur Cieślar)
Artykuł dotyczy literackich opisów doświadczeń na drodze duchowego rozwoju. Charakterystyki dokonane zostały przez trzech autorów wywodzących się z różnych kręgów kulturowych Zachodu. Pierwszy z nich zawarty jest w powieści Jacka Kerouaca o podróży duchowej odbywanej przez amerykańskich beatników lat pięćdziesiątych XX wieku. Druga opowieść pochodzi od niderlandzkiego hippisa Janwillema van de Weteringa, który opisuje swoje przeżycia w japońskim klasztorze zen w latach sześćdziesiątych i siedemdziesiatych. Trzecia narracja sformułowana została na początku XXI wieku przez polskiego artystę, podróżnika i adepta buddyzmu tybetańskiego oraz zenu – Artura Cieślara.
Three Ways to Buddhist Freedom (Jack Kerouac, Janwill van de Wetering, Artur Cieślar)
The article deals with literary descriptions of experiences on the path of spiritual development. Characteristics were made by three authors originating from different cultural circles of the West. The first of these is contained in the novel by Jacek Kerouac about a spiritual journey held by American beat generation of the 1950s. The second story comes from the Dutch hippie Janwillem van de Wetering, who describes his experiences in the Japanese Zen monastery in the sixties and seventies. The third narration was formulated at the beginning of the 21st century by a Polish artist, traveler and adept of Tibetan Buddhism and Zen – Artur Cieślar.
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Panel 1: Freedom and Oppression in Chinese Literature
Thursday, 28 March, 12:00-14:00 / Room 309
Language: English
Chair: Dr. Maciej SZATKOWSKI (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland)
Papers:
1. Dr. Daniela ZHANG CZIRÁKOVÁ (Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia): Liao Yiwu – a Voice of Freedom
2. Dr. Ting Ting-Yu LEE (University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Poland): Reflection of Identity and Freedom for Mainlanders in Taiwan
3. Dr. Paweł ZYGADŁO (Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China): Face and Oppression – Lu Xun and Lin Yutang on Chinese Cult of Face
4. Dawid ROGACZ (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland; Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland): Freedom and Liberation in the Taipingjing
Panel 2: Concepts of Freedom
Thursday, 28 March, 12:00-14:00 / Room 307
Language: Polish
Chair: Prof. Marcin GRODZKI (University of Warsaw, Poland)
Papers:
1. Prof. Swietłana CZERWONNAJA (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland): Symbole wolności (walki o wolność) oraz Ojczyzny w poezji Tatarów polsko-litewskich
2. Prof. Dorota KARWACKA-PASTOR (University of Gdańsk, Poland): Między wolnością a niewolą. Sytuacja kobiet w krajach muzułmańskich w twórczości Vittorii Alliata di Villafranca
3. Prof. Beata TARNOWSKA (University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland): Pustynia jako przestrzeń wolności na podstawie twórczości Jehudy Amichaja
4. Dr. Magdalena LEWICKA (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland): Koncepcja wolności przedstawicieli arabskiego odrodzenia (an-nahḍa): Rifā‘a aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī (Al-Mašriq) i Hayr ad-Dīn at-Tūnusī (Al-Maḡrib)
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Panel 3: Different Perspectives of Freedom and Oppression (1)
Thursday, 28 March, 12:00-14:00 / Room 203
Language: English
Chair: Prof. Stephan GUTH (University of Oslo, Norway)
Papers:
1. Prof. Iwona MILEWSKA (Jagiellonian University, Poland): Freedom of Choice or “Freedom of Choice”. The Custom of Svayamvara as Described in the Indian Epic Mahabharata
2. Prof. Ewa MACHUT-MENDECKA (University of Warsaw, Poland): Language of Freedom in Arab Prose
3. Yasuo SHIMIZU (Doshisha, JAPAN): Haruki Murakami’s Sports Perspective and Sports Event Viewing – Freedom and Oppression
4. Zofia LITWINOWICZ (University of Warsaw, Poland; University of St. Andrews, UK): The Boat of Death and the Expedition Boat: Dialectics of Enslavement. The Representations of a “Boat in Belle” and “Apocalypse Now” through Postcolonial Lenses
Panel 4: The Dimensions of Freedom in Arabic Literature
Thursday, 28 March, 15:00-16:30 / Room 307
Language: English
Chair: Dr. Nihad FOTTOUH (The French University in Egypt, Egypt)
Papers:
1. Prof. Arzu SADYKHOVA (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland): Some Notes on the Tenson of Waḍḍāḥ al-Yaman (d. c. 93/712) and the Fate of the Munāẓara Genre in Arabic Poetry
2. Dr. Dominika CZERSKA-SAUMANDE (INALCO-CERMOM, France): Selected aspects of Egyptian Committed Poetry at the Turn of the 21st Century
3. Bartosz PIETRZAK (Jagiellonian University, Poland): “Muḥibbu al-Hurriyya”̣ ? Concept of Freedom in Pre-Islamic Poetry. Cognitive Linguistic Approach
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Panel 5: Freedom and Religious Texts
Thursday, 28 March, 15:00-16:30 / Room 309
Language: Polish
Chair: Prof. Marek DZIEKAN (University of Łódź, Poland)
Papers:
1. Prof. Marcin GRODZKI (University of Warsaw, Poland): Claude Gillot i badania nad Koranem jako tekstem literackim
2. Prof. Roman MARCINKOWSKI (University of Warsaw, Poland): Sługa kananejski w świetle wybranych tekstów literatury rabinicznej
3. Dr. Nina BUDZISZEWSKA (University of Wrocław, Poland): Anugita o wyzwoleniu
Panel 6: Discourses about Freedom
Thursday, 28 March, 15:00-16:30 / Room 203
Language: Arabic
Chair: Prof. Ewa MACHUT-MENDECKA (University of Warsaw, Poland)
Papers:
1. Prof. Moussa FATAHINE (University of Djilali Bounaama – Khemis-Miliana, Algeria): The Logic of the Language in the Discourse of the Arab Heritage. Through the Contemporary Rhetorical Turn. A Debate between Abu Sa'id al-Sirafi and Abu-Bishr Mataa – Ibn Yunus as a Model
2. Prof. Ahmed Ali IBRAHIM (University of Falluja, Iraq): The Semantic Function of the Poetic Discourse of Poets
3. Prof. Ismael HAZIM (University of Mosul, Iraq): Manifestations of Rebellion in the Poetry of Vagabonds
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Panel 7: The Experience of Oppression in Contemporary Japanese Literature – Precarity, Imprisonment, Totalitarian Tendencies
Thursday, 28 March, 17:00-19:00 / Room 307
Language: English
Chair: Prof. Lisette GEBHARDT (Goethe-University in Frankfurt, Germany)
Papers:
1. Dr. Filippo CERVELLI (Durham University, UK): The Oppression of Democracy: Political (Mis)Representation and Community in Takahashi Gen’ichirō’s writings
2. Adam GREGUŠ (University of Vienna, Austria): When Bubblonia Bursts – Kirino Natsuo’s Politikon and its Subversive Utopia
3. Christian CHAPPELOW (Goethe-University in Frankfurt, Germany): Henmi Yô’s Approaches towards Imprisonment and Death Sentence in Japan
Panel 8: Woman: between Freedom and Oppression (1)
Thursday, 28 March, 17:00-18:30 / Room 203
Language: English
Chair: Prof. Arzu SADYKHOVA (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland)
Papers:
1. Prof. Roswitha BADRY (Freiburg University, Germany): A Literary Plea for Freedom of Expression – Laylā al-’Uthmān’s Muḥākama as an Example
2. Dr. Najla KALACH (Tuscia University, Italy): Between Tradition and Change. Qatari Women Writers and the Short Story: a Focus on Kalthum Jabr
3. Dr. Nihad FOTTOUH (The French University in Egypt, Egypt): Nawal el Saadawi: The Egyptian face of resistance
4. Dr. Weronika ROKICKA (University of Warsaw, Poland): Quest for Freedom: An Indian Female Traveller’s Struggles in Nabaneeta Dev Sen’s Travel Writings
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Panel 9: China: the Picture of Freedom and Oppression
Thursday, 28 March, 17:00-19:00 / Room 309
Language: Polish
Chair: Dr. Paweł ZYGADŁO (Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, China)
Papers:
1. Dr. Maciej SZATKOWSKI (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland): Chińska literatura obozowa
2. Dr. Zofia JAKUBÓW (University of Warsaw, Poland): Poszukiwanie wolności w kulturze wolnego rynku: chińscy pisarze „środkowego pokolenia”
3. Dr. Agnieszka PATERSKA-KUBACKA (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland): Sun Wukong jako symbol buntu i wolności w kulturze chińskiej
4. Dr. Anna KOŁOS (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland): Przez Ocean Indyjski. Polscy podróżnicy w drodze do Chin (1850–1939)
Panel 10: Woman: between Freedom and Oppression (2)
Friday, 29 March, 12:00-14:00 / Room 307
Language: English
Chair: Dr. Najla KALACH (Tuscia University, Italy)
Papers:
1. Dr. Monika BROWARCZYK (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland): In Search of Oppression of Freedom and Freedom from Oppression. Meena Kandasamy’s “Gypsy Goddess” and “When I Hit You or, A Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife”
2. Maria SKAKUJ-PURI (Independent Scholar, India): Mothers, Daughters, Sisters, Wives… Women and the 1984 trauma in Punjabi short stories by Ajeet Caur
3. Natalia GRENIEWSKA (University of Warsaw, Poland): Mongolian Female Perspective of Individual Freedom
4. Joanna GRUSZEWSKA (Jagiellonian University, Poland): Freedom through Enlightenment in the Poems of the Early Buddhist Nuns
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Panel 11: The Freedom in Colonial and Postcolonial Perspective
Friday, 23 March, 17:00-19:00 / Room 309
Language: English
Chair: Dr. Daniela ZHANG CZIRÁKOVÁ (Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia)
Papers:
1. Dr. Małgorzata SOKOŁOWICZ (University of Warsaw, Poland; Fryderyk Chopin University of Music, Poland): The Category of Freedom in the French Colonial Literature: “L’étrange aventure d’Aguida” [The Strange Adventure of Aguida] by A.-R. de Lens
2. Alicja WALCZYNA (University of Warsaw, Poland): Write a Lived Prison Experience, Transcribe an Experience Heard. The Comparative Study of Ben Jelloun’s “The Blinding Absence of Light” and Marzouki’s ”Tazmamart-Cell 10”
3. Aleksandra SZKLARZEWICZ (Jagiellonian University, Poland): Literature as a Testimony. Memoirs of Prison and Torture in Tahar Ben Jelloun’s “This Blinding Absence of Light” and in Fatema Oufkir’s “Les Jardins du roi”
4. Khedidja CHERGUI (Ecole Normale Supérieure of Algiers, Algeria): Nurrudin Farah, Wole Soyinka and the Not Yet Dethroned African Kongism
Panel 12: Freedom in Contemporary Arabic Literature
Friday, 28 March, 12:00-14:00 / Room 203
Language: Polish
Chair: Dr. Hab. Elżbieta KOSSEWSKA (University of Warsaw, Poland)
Papers:
1. Dr. Magdalena Kubarek (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland): Pięć wizji kobiecego zniewolenia w dramcie „Kafas” [Klatka] Dżumany Haddad
2. Dr. Agnieszka GRACZYK (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland): W oczekiwaniu na wyrok. Wspomnienia irackich pisarzy Rifata Chadirijego i Balqis Szarary
3. Dr. Sebastian GADOMSKI (Jagiellonian University, Poland): Droga do wolności – dramaturgia egipska wobec rewolucji 2011 roku
4. Dr. Adrianna MAŚKO (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland): Opór irackiego intelektualisty wobec baasistowskiej propagandy i cenzury w powieści „Znaki diakrytyczne” Sināna Anṭūna
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Panel 13: Freedom and Violence in Narration
Friday, 28 March, 15:00-17:00 / Room 307
Language: English
Chair: Prof. Ahmed Ali IBRAHIM (University of Falluja, Iraq)
Papers:
1. Dr. Mustafa WSHYAR (University of Szeged, Hungary): Violence Representation in “And the Mountains Echoed” by Khaled Hosseini
2. Joanna ANTONIAK (Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Poland): Does independence equal freedom? The Motif of Independence in M.G. Vassanji’s “No New Land” (1991)
3. Jacek SKUP (Jagiellonian University, Poland): Narratives of Struggle for Freedom in the Writings of S.C. Bose
4. Daniela SPINA (University of Lisbon, Portugal): Repressing Satyhagraha, Representing Satyhagrahis: Violence and Non-violence in a Novel by Goan Writer Orlando da Costa
Panel 14: Spheres of Freedom and Oppression between Orient and Polish Literature
Friday, 29 March, 17:00-19:00 / Room 309
Language: Polish
Chair: Dr. Adrianna MAŚKO (Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland)
Papers:
1. Dr. Hab. Elżbieta KOSSEWSKA (University of Warsaw, Poland): Orientalizm w literaturze polskich uchodźców w Palestynie
2. Prof. Michał KURAN (University of Łódź, Poland): Obraz niewoli turecko-tatarskiej w literaturze polskiej wieków XVI i XVII – propaganda i stereotypy
3. Dr. Renata GADAMSKA-SERAFIN (Jagiellonian University, Poland): Polskie orientalia kaukaskie. Proza zesłańcza Michała Andrzejkowicza-Butowta
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Panel 15: Different Perspectives of Freedom and Oppression (2)
Friday, 29 March, 17:00-19:00 / Room 203
Language: English
Chair: Prof. Ismael HAZIM (University of Mosul, Iraq)
Papers:
1. Dr. Viktoria PÖTZL (Independent Scholar, Austria): From Pan-Asianism to Safari-Zionism: Gender and Orientalism in Jewish-Austrian Literature
2. Marco MEDUGNO (Newcastle University, UK): Questioning Oppression and Freedom: A New Perspective on J.M. Coetzee’s “Life & Time of Michael K.”
3. Paulina STANIK (University of Warsaw, Poland): The Experience of Polish World War II Soldiers and Refugees in the Orient: the Act of Singing as an Escape to Freedom
4. Maria SZAFRAŃSKA-CHMIELARZ (University of Warsaw, Poland): Escaping to and from Orientalism: “The Count of Monte Cristo” and its Adaptations
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Orient in Literature – Literature of the Orient
Literature Towards Freedom & Oppression
ABSTRACTS
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also use personal contact to clarify or supplement my PANEL 1 observations and conclusions.
Freedom and Oppression in Chinese Literature Dr. Ting Ting-Yu LEE
UNIVERSITY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES (Warsaw/Poland) [email protected]
Reflection of Identity and Freedom Dr. Daniela ZHANG CZIRÁKOVÁ for Mainlanders in Taiwan
Institute of Oriental Studies Chinese civil war was a war fought between SLOVAK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Kuomintang (KMT) and Communist Party of China (Bratislava/Slovakia) [email protected] (CPC) from 1945 to 1949. On 1 Octorber 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the founding of the People’s Liao Yiwu – a Voice of Freedom Republic of China (ROC) with its capital in Beijing.
In my paper I will present and analyze the works Chiang Kai-shek and approximately two million of Chinese poet, writer, musician and reporter Liao Nationalist soldiers (mainlanders 大陸人) retreated Yiwu (廖亦武; also known as Lao Wei, born in June 16 from Mainland China to the island of Taiwan. 1949 1958 in Sichuan) who started as a poet of Chinese was a symbolic and unforgettable year for avant-garde in the middle of 80ties. His earlier poems mainlanders in Taiwan. Since 1949 mainlanders were indifferent to political events, but the composing in Taiwan were forbidden to go back to their a long poem Massacre after hearing about hometowns in Mainland China. Thousands the Tiananmen Square protests, which he recorded of families were forced to fall into apart. Hundreds to audiotape in the poetic the recitation by using of children became orphans because of the Chinese Chinese ritualistic chanting and howling, invoking civil war. Until 1987 Deng Xiaopeng and Chiang the spirits of the dead, for which he has been Ching-kuo (son of Chiang Kai-shek) reopened imprisoned, has changed him to a dissident the gates between Taiwan strait and allowed and a fierce critic of Chinese communist system. the mainlanders in Taiwan to visit their families Although Liao Yiwu became known mostly for the and relatives in Mainland China. Long Yingtai, books he wrote after being released form the prison, as a well-known writer in Mainland China, Taiwan as The Corpse Walker: Real Life Stories: China from and Hongkong, has published the book 1949 Great the Bottom Up, Interviews with the Lower Strata River and Great Sea in 2009. Long attempts to recall of Chinese Society (translated to Czech) For a Song and reshape the memories and histories through and a Hundred Songs: A Poet’s Journey Through the interviews and dialogues with mainlanders a Chinese Prison, which has been translated in Taiwan in order to search for their identities to Slovak and published in Slovakia in 2018, and the notion of freedom during their residences I am going to turn my attention to his poetry, in Taiwan. This article is aimed to analyze especially the poem Massacre. I will try to find in his mainlanders’ psychological transformation poems means of expression such as metaphors, in Taiwan. The notion of family root (根) is deeply personifications and others in which he expresses his rooted in Chinese families and societies. There essential desire for life in a free country without are four main research questions are proposed political repression. Due to the fact that I met in this article: (1) Does mainlanders in Taiwan really the poet personally on the occasion of publishing his recognize Taiwan as their home or they still eager book in Slovakia and I am in touch with him, I can to go back to their hometown in Mainland China?; (2)
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How the second and third generation from of literature. As Lu’s and Lin’s analyses of face show, mainlanders’ families identify themselves in Taiwan; it can accelerate social change and contribute (3) Do mainlanders in Taiwan finally achieve to their to the development of social sciences. goals to find their freedom which means democracy in Taiwan?; (4) What price have mainlanders paid for their freedom in Taiwan? The reflection and finding are summarized through the fragments Dawid ROGACZ from 1949 Great River and Great Sea. ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY (Poznań/Poland) NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY IN TORUŃ (Toruń/Poland) [email protected]
Freedom and Liberation Dr. Paweł ZYGADŁO in the Taipingjing DEPARTMENT OF CHINA STUDIES XI’AN JIAOTONG-LIVERPOOL UNIVERSITY The Classic of the Supreme Peace 太平經 Tàipíngjīng (Suzhou/China) [email protected] is one of the most important Neo-Daoist works that was created already under the late Han dynasty. Face and Oppression – Lu Xun and Lin It proclaims the advent of an era of peace, equality, Yutang on Chinese Cult of Face Yutang on Chinese Cult of Face and community of goods, which eventually inspired
This paper is intended as an analysis of the notion the Taiping Rebellion sixteen centuries later. Most of face (Chin. mianzi), as presented in literary works importantly, the Taipingjing offers an exceptional of two renewed writers of the early Republican Era theory of universal liberation from inherited guilt (承 China, Lu Xun and Lin Yutang. As psychologist 負 chéngfù). In the state of the supreme peace slaves, David Ho claimed “It is virtually impossible to think bondswomen and barbarians will be equally of a facet of [Chinese] social life to which the question recognised; violence against women will also cease. of face is irrelevant” (Ho, 1976: 883), Lu Xun (1934), However, as I shall show, the state of universal followed later by Lin Yutang (1936) were first native freedom is only one way among many, for humankind Chinese who identified the degree to which face could also lead to its complete “annihilation” (滅盡 controlled Chinese morality and social behaviour. mièjìn). The question then arises to which extent This paper is then an attempt towards reexamination such vision might be called Millenarianism, as it is of the notion of face as a form of cultural oppression, proposed by contemporary studies on the Classic as it had been identified and expounded in the of the Supreme Peace. literary works of two champions of Chinese cultural modernisation of the Republican Era. It will argue, taking the notion of face as a point of reference that culturally specific values and behavioural patterns due to they totalness can become a form of persistent and inevitable oppression that only through artistic sensitiveness can be identified and denounced. Especially in the case of high-context cultures, such as Chinese, and more subtle forms of “cultural oppression”, such as face, more “sensitive minds” are often indispensable factor allowing for critical analysis of culturally specific phenomena and subsequently for a call for change. The significance of the literary work goes then beyond the field
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krajobraz bezkresnego stepu – kolebki wolności PANEL 2 tatarskiej i przewagi wojennej. Porównanie tych „wierszy stepowych” z obrazami „ziemi rodzimej” Concepts of Freedom (lasami, górami, z pięknem Morza Czarnego, Wołgi / Idelu, Uralu) w poezji Tatarów krymskich oraz Tatarów kazańskich ukazuje samoistność kultury i mentalności Tatarów polsko-litewskich.
Symbols of Freedom (Fight for Freedom) Prof. Swietłana CZERWONNAJA and the Homeland in the Poetry of the
Department of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology Polish-Lithuanian Tatars Faculty of History NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY IN TORUŃ The poetry of Selim Chazbijewicz, Musa (Toruń/Poland) Czachorowski, Adam Jakubauskas and other POLISH INSTITUTE OF WORLD ART STUDIES contemporary poets from the ethnic group [email protected] of Lithuanian Tatars and speaking Polish, Symbole wolności (walki o wolność) Lithuanian and Belarusian in their poems abounds oraz Ojczyzny w poezji Tatarów in poetic motifs and symbols of the fight for freedom polsko-litewskich and the desire for freedom. The pathos of this poetry
Poezja Selima Chazbijewicza, Musy spreads to various historical epochs: it contains Czachorowskiego, Adasa Jakubauskasa oraz innych the collective memory of the Lithuanian Tatars about współczesnych poetów pochodzących z etnicznej the valiant participation of their ancestors grupy Tatarów litewskich i posługujących się at the Battle of Grunwald, in defense of the Grand w swoich wierszach językami polskim, litewskim, Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish Crown from białoruskim, obfituje w motywy i symbole poetyczne enemies from the West and the East, in the January walki o wolność, pragnienia wolności. Patos tej poezji Uprising of 1863, in the war for independence rozpowszechnia się na różne epoki historyczne: of Poland (reborn in the Second Polish Republic), and zawiera ona w sobie pamięć zbiorową Tatarów finally in the resistance movement against the Soviet litewskich o walecznym udziale ich przodków occupiers (above all in Lithuania). The ideals w bitwie pod Grunwaldem, w obronie Wielkiego of political and spiritual freedom are closely related Księstwa Litewskiego i Korony Polskiej od wrogów in the poetry of these authors to the image z Zachodu i ze Wschodu, w powstaniu styczniowym of the Fatherland. This is a very complexed, 1863 roku, w wojnie o niepodległość Polski multi-layered image, because it combines reality with (odrodzonej II Rzeczypospolitej), wreszcie – w ruchu romantic myths, civic loyalty to today’s Poland, oporu przeciwko okupantom sowieckim (przede Lithuania, Belarus with fanciful mirages – depictions wszystkim na Litwie). Ideały wolności politycznej of the historical Tatar forefathers on the Eurasian i duchowej są ściśle związane w poezji tych autorów territories, the fame of Genghis Khan and Timur z obrazem Ojczyzny. Jest to obraz bardzo (Tamerlane) empires. The main motif of these skomplikowany, wielowarstwowy, bowiem łączy romantic performances is the landscape of the rzeczywistość z mitami romantycznymi, obywatelską endless steppe – the cradle of Tatar freedom and war lojalność wobec dzisiejszej Polski, Litwy, Białorusi superiority. The comparison of these “steppe poems” z mirażami fantazyjnymi – przedstawieniami with pictures of “native land” (forests, mountains, o historycznej praojczyźnie Tatarów na with the beauty of the Black Sea, Volga / Idelu, Urals) przestworzach Eurazji, ze sławą imperiów in the poetry of the Crimean Tatars and Kazakh Czyngis-chana i Timura (Tamerlana). Głównym Tatars reveals the self-esteem of culture and motywem tych przedstawień romantycznych jest mentality of the Polish-Lithuanian Tatars.
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devoted the majority of her books to the social and political affairs as well as the mentality and traditions of Muslim countries. She Prof. Dorota KARWACKA-PASTOR is particularly interested in the situation of women.
Institute of Romance Studies In many of her journalistic texts and stories, Faculty of Languages including her most famous, internationally UNIVERSITY OF GDAŃSK (Gdańsk/Poland) [email protected] successful novel Harem, memorie d’Arabia di una nobildonna siciliana she has presented not only Między wolnością a niewolą. Sytuacja a portrait of the Oriental woman, but also kobiet w krajach muzułmańskich the conditions in which such a woman lives, w twórczości Vittorii Alliata di Villafranca the opportunities and aspirations, with particular emphasis on the question of freedom. She also Vittoria Alliata di Villafranca jest współczesną explains the various contexts of the word harem, pisarką, dziennikarką i tłumaczką. Pochodzi showing the advantages and disadvantages of living z arystokratycznej rodziny sycylijskiej. Jako in a contemporary harem. Vittoria Alliata also absolwentka prawa muzułmańskiego i wybitna describes the attempts at liberation and the feeling znawczyni krajów arabskich poświęciła większość of dignity of Arabic women. Her works analyzing the swoich książek sprawom społeczno-politycznym oraz problem of freedom and enslavement of women have mentalności i tradycjom w krajach muzułmańskich. been created on the basis of the research she Interesuje ją w szczególności sytuacja kobiet. W wielu conducted and her experiences of long-term stay swych tekstach dziennikarskich oraz in Muslim countries in direct contact with the women w opowiadaniach, także w swojej najgłośniejszej from influential Arabic families. powieści, która odniosła międzynarodowy sukces,
Harem, memorie d’Arabia di una nobildonna siciliana, przedstawia nie tylko sylwetkę kobiety Orientu, ale także jej warunki życia, możliwości i aspiracje, kładąc Prof. Beata TARNOWSKA szczególny nacisk na kwestię wolności. Wyjaśnia też The Institute of Polish Studies and Speech Therapy różne konteksty słowa „harem”, ukazując blaski UNIVERSITY OF WARMIA AND MAZURY IN OLSZTYN i cienie życia we współczesnym haremie. Vittoria (Olsztyn/Poland) [email protected] Alliata pisze też o próbach wyzwolenia i o poczuciu godności arabskich kobiet. Jej twórczość, analizująca Pustynia jako przestrzeń wolności szczegółowo problem wolności i zniewolenia kobiet, na podstawie twórczości Jehudy Amichaja powstała w oparciu o przeprowadzone przez nią Tematem wystąpienia „Pustynia jako przestrzeń badania i jej doświadczenia związane z długoletnim wolności – na podstawie twórczości Jehudy pobytem w krajach muzułmańskich w ścisłym Amichaja” jest relacja człowiek – pustynia ukazana kontakcie z kobietami z wpływowych arabskich w dziele izraelskiego poety, a szczególnie tomu rodzin. poetyckiego Nof Galui Ejnajim [Krajobraz otwarty dla
oczu] z 1992 roku. W utworach Jehudy Amichaja Between Freedom and Enslavement: pustynia funkcjonuje zarówno w aspekcie the Situation of Women in Muslim the Situation of Women in Muslim geograficzno-przestrzennym, jako obszar Countries in the Works of Vittoria Alliata percypowany zmysłowo, jak i w kontekście di Villafranca filozoficzno-kulturowym. Pustynny krajobraz z jednej Vittoria Alliata di Villafranca is a contemporary strony odsyła do (oddalonych w czasie) wydarzeń writer, journalist and translator. She comes from an z dziejów narodu żydowskiego, jak opisana w Biblii aristocratic Sicilian family. A graduate of Islamic Law czterdziestoletnia wędrówka z Egiptu przez pustynię and a renowned expert in Arabic countries, she has
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czy stacjonowanie na pustyni żydowskich oddziałów Koncepcja wolności przedstawicieli militarnych podczas wojny w Mandacie Palestyny arabskiego odrodzenia (an-nahḍa): oraz wojny o niepodległość. Natomiast z drugiej Rifā‘a aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī (Al-Mašriq) i Hayr strony – stanowi miejsce absolutnej wolności od ad-Dīn at-Tūnusī (Al-Maḡrib) wszelkich więzów i ograniczeń, jakie związane są Referat poświęcony będzie koncepcji wolności w myśli z funkcjonowaniem człowieka w społeczeństwie. To reformatorskiej przedstawicieli arabskiego poczucie wolności, ewokowane przez pejzaż pustyni odrodzenia (an-nahḍa): działającego na obszarze jako przestrzeni niepoddającej się zamiarom Arabskiego Wschodu (Al-Mašriq) Rifā‘y aṭ-Ṭahṭāwīego człowieka, łączy się z mistycznym przeżyciem pustki oraz reprezentującego Arabski Zachód (Al-Maḡrib) będącej najgłębszą prawdą istnienia. Hayr ad-Dīna at-Tunūsīego. Jako pionierzy odnowy
w świecie arabsko-muzułmańskim postulowali oni The Desert as a Space of Freedom – on the koncepcję rozwoju cywilizacyjnego (at-tamaddun), Basis of Yehuda Amichay’s Work którego atrybutami miało być poszanowanie prawa
muzułmańskiego (aš-šarī‘a al-islāmiyya) oraz The topic of the paper is the relationship between przejęcie od Zachodu nauk i sztuk (al-‘ulūm man and a desert, presented on the basis of Yehuda wa-al-ma‘ārif), a więc pójście jego śladem, co było Amichay’s poems, especially his volume of poetry możliwe tylko dzięki otwarciu się świata entitled Nof Galui Ejnajim [Open Eyed Land] (1992). muzułmańskiego na zdobycze europejskiej kultury The desert is examined in this volume from two i cywilizacji. Byli jednymi z pierwszych myślicieli aspects: the geographical-spatial, as an area arabskich, którzy z ogromną wnikliwością i głęboką perceived by senses, and the philosophical-cultural świadomością obserwowali nowożytną cywilizację zachodnią, jednak ich poglądy na temat państwa one. On one hand, the desert-like landscape refers to i społeczeństwa nie były prostą refleksją idei the historical events of the Jewish nation, such as zapoznanych zagranicą, ani też powtórzeniem Israelits’ wandering through the wilderness for 40 tradycyjnego religijnego światopoglądu, lecz próbą years, described in the Bible, or the stay of the Jewish wypracowania kompromisu pomiędzy wzorcami troops on the desert during the civil war at the end europejskimi a szariatem i osadzenia go w tradycji of the British Mandate of Palestine and Israeli war muzułmańskiej, w celu pogodzenia z islamem i jego of independence. On the other hand, it is also a place teorią polityczną. U podstaw tej metody legła of absolute freedom from every ties and limitations konieczność udowodnienia, że po pierwsze – europejska wiedza i nauki należały do świata which are imposed on an individual by society. This arabsko-muzułmańskiego, zanim przejął je Zachód, feeling of freedom is evoked by the view of a desert as a po drugie – nie ma sprzeczności pomiędzy wiarą the space independent from the human activity and it i nowoczesnością, przeciwnie – rozwój państwa is merged with the mystical experience of emptiness i społeczeństwa należy do religijnych obowiązków as the deepest truth of existence. władzy, która winna dbać o realizację dobra powszechnego, pomnażanie dóbr i rozwój sfer użyteczności publicznej, panowanie sprawiedliwości oraz eliminowanie niesprawiedliwości i ucisku, Dr. Magdalena LEWICKA zapewnienie swobód obywatelskich, wspieranie
Arabic Language and Culture Center działalności gospodarczej i aktywności społecznej. NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY IN TORUŃ Doktryna społeczno-polityczna obu myślicieli oparta (Toruń/Poland) została o idee Wielkiej Rewolucji Francuskiej oraz [email protected] o zasadę, że naród powinien korzystać z przywilejów wolności politycznej i osobistej, zaś mechanizmy
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regulujące relacje pomiędzy władzą i społeczeństwem traditional religious views. They attempted to find winny opierać się na poszanowaniu praw, a co za tym a compromise between European models and the idzie – w kręgu ich zainteresowań znalazła się kwestia Sharia law, and to embed this compromise in the wolności (al-ḥurriyya) i swobód obywatelskich, Muslim tradition in order to reconcile it with Islam określanych mianem wolności powszechnych and its political theory. This method was based on (al-ḥurriyyāt al-‘āmma) bądź praw cywilnych the necessity to prove that, firstly, European (al-ḥuqūq al-madaniyya), będących podstawowym knowledge and sciences had belonged to the Arab warunkiem rozwoju (al-umran). and Muslim world before the West took them over Rifā‘a aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī jest autorem szeregu dzieł and, secondly, there was no contradiction between i artykułów, których opracowania podjął się faith and modernity. Quite the contrary, the Muḥammad ‘Amāra w Al-A‘amāl al-kāmila li-Rifā‘a development of the state and society was part of the aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī [Dzieła zebrane Rifā‘y aṭ-Ṭahṭāwīego] religious duties of the government that should ensure opublikowanych w 1973 roku, zaś punkt wyjścia the pursuit of the common good, development do sformułowanej przez niego koncepcji reformy of public assets and public services, rule of justice, władzy i społeczeństwa stanowi Kitāb taẖlīṣ al-ibrīz fī elimination of injustice and oppression, respect talẖīṣ Bārīz [Wydobycie czystego złota czyli krótki opis of civil liberties and support of economic activity and Paryża] z 1834 roku. Hayr ad-Dīn at-Tunūsī civic engagement. Thus, the socio-political doctrine natomiast swoje koncepcje zreformowania świata of these thinkers was based on the ideas of the Great muzułmańskiego wyłożył w dziele Aqwam al-masālik French Revolution and the principle that the nation fī ma‘rifat aḥwāl al-mamālik [Najprostsza droga should benefit from political and personal freedom do poznania sytuacji w królestwach] wydanym while the mechanisms regulating the relations drukiem w 1868 roku. between the government and society should be based The Concept of Freedom on respect for the laws. Consequently, their interests in Representatives of Arab Renaissance included the question of freedom (al-ḥurriyya) and (An-Nahḍa): civil liberties, described as universal liberties Rifā‘a aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī (Al-Mašriq) and Hayr (al-ḥurriyyāt al-‘āmma) or civil rights (al-ḥuqūq ad-Dīn at-Tūnusī (Al-Maḡrib) al-madaniyya), constituting the basic condition of
development (al-umran). The paper will be devoted to the concept of freedom Rifā‘a aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī is the author of several works and in the reformatory thought of representatives of Arab articles that were collected and edited by Muḥammad Renaissance (An-Nahḍa): Rifā‘a aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī active in ‘Amāra in Al-A‘amāl al-kāmila li-Rifā‘a aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī the Mashriq, i.e. the eastern part of the Arab world [Collected Works of Rifā‘y aṭ-Ṭahṭāwī] published (Al-Mašriq) and Hayr ad-Dīn at-Tunūsī who in 1973. Kitāb taẖlīṣ al-ibrīz fī talẖīṣ Bārīz [Extraction represented the Maghreb (Al-Maḡrib). As pioneers of pure gold or a short description of Paris] from 1834 of revival in the Arab-Muslim world, they advocated is the starting point of his concept of reforming a programme of political, social and economic government and society. Hayr ad-Dīn at-Tunūsī development (at-tamaddun) that was meant to expounded his ideas for reforming the Muslim world respect Islamic law (aš-šarī‘a al-islāmiyya) while in Aqwam al-masālik fī ma‘rifat aḥwāl al-mamālik assimilating the achievements of Western civilisation, [The Simplest Path to Recognise the Situation in the arts and sciences (al-‘ulūm wa-al-ma‘ārif) and Kingdoms] published in print in 1868. applying them appropriately in the Muslim world.
They were among the first Arab thinkers to observe modern Western civilisation so thoroughly and with such a deep awareness even though their views on the state and society were neither a simple reflection of ideas learnt abroad nor a repetition of the
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[email protected] PANEL 3 Language of Freedom in Arab Prose
Ancient The contemporary Arab prose from the turn Different Perspectives of the 19th and 20th centuries is permeated of Freedom and Oppression by opposing and complementary concepts of freedom (1) and violence which are expressed on the one hand by a realistic language, representing the natural reality, on the other – symbolic and ambiguous. Realism includes combat prose, directly and bluntly expressed, especially armed struggle and underground activities. In the realistic prose of the Prof. Iwona MILEWSKA prominent writers: Naguib Mahfouz (1911–2006) from Egypt, Hanna Mina (1924–2018) from Syria, JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY (Kraków/Poland) [email protected] Abdul Rahman Majeed al-Rubai (1939) from Iraq and many others, it is a struggle for national freedom Freedom of Choice or “Freedom of their countries – their own homelands, expressed of Choice”. The Custom of Svayamvara in meaningful images, death is a concrete thing and as Described in the Indian Epic also an extreme suffering. In the prose of Arab writers Mahabharata the heroes are dying and fighting for homeland. In the paper I discuss the topic of Indian custom Realism, sometimes bordering on naturalism, at the of svayamvara as described in the epic Mahabharata. same time illustrates the struggle for personal According to the meaning of the word itself the term freedom, the images of surveillance, prisons and svayamvara should mean “self-choosing”. Together humiliation are horrifying. In turn, the symbolic with the word kanya it should stand for “a girl who prose of freedom has been using allegory, chooses her husband herself”. In the Mahabharata camouflage, understatement or absurdity. An there are several shorter or longer descriptions example is the prose of Abdul Rahman Munif (1933– of different svayamvara-s. The word itself appears 2004) from Jordan and Salim Barakat from Syria in the epic, in various contexts, about fifty times. On (born 1951). the basis of some chosen examples I would like to show the complexity of the problem. Are the heroines of svayamvara-s free in their choices of their future husbands or are they strictly limited by the Yasuo SHIMIZU rules of tradition till the edge of not choosing them independently? What is the role of their fathers DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY (Kyoto/Japan) [email protected] as shown in the different contexts? Is it really freedom of choice as suggested by the meaning of the Haruki Murakami’s Sports Perspective word used for the custom or is it an artificial “freedom and Sports Event Viewing of choice” as may be concluded from the analysis – Freedom and Oppression of some of the examples? Haruki Murakami is a runner and a player of triathlon. How is a sportsman Murakami Haruki looking at Japanese sports events? Based on the essays and interviews about triathlon, marathon, Prof. Ewa MACHUT-MENDECKA Olympic etc. I thought about Murakami Haruki’s
Faculty of Oriental Studies sports event view and sports view. Also I also studied UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) Murakami literature from there. The results are
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as follows. From various books it seems that his the horror of the Middle Passage of the slaves running is trying to break down the stereotyped transported from Africa to America, and expedition novelist view. Also, Haruki Murakami’s view of the boat, standing for the British imperial power. Both Olympic Games is “Sydney!” [“Sydney!”] In detail. The of these representations are present in the “Belle” book states that the Olympic Games are boring and and “Apocalypse Now”, which, as films, whose enduring boredom. That boredom can be said to be aesthetic and factual tissue differ from that of literary suppressed boredom peculiar to the Olympic Games. work, offer different methodological views on the It can be said that this book reveals that he is topic than solely literature. I will therefore analyse, confronted with the suppressed boredom feeling. compare and contrast the narrative space of a boat in In addition, he mentioned the difference between the these two films through postcolonial lenses. In the Japanese marathon race and the American marathon first part I will focus on the representations of the race in the “sad foreign languages”, and opinions are boat of death in “Belle”: as a metaphor for colonial given to the Japanese marathon contest. There are power; as a symbol of the Middle Passage and criticisms of suppressed formalism and triangular trade; and as “presence in absence” in the authoritarianism of Japanese society. Also, his particular case of the Zong ship. The first two are favorite marathon is the Boston Marathon, his intrinsically related to each other, as the imperial favorite running course is the course of the Charles power arose from the triangular trade. In the second River. This will also be affected by American society part I will analyse different representations of the where liberty is respected. That is reflected in the expedition boat in “Apocalypse Now”: as a space style of Murakami novel. I would like to mention of violence towards the virgin land; as a sanctuary about that as well. and shelter; as a space of death (both literal and metaphorical). Finally, I will draw conclusion on how this comparison reflects on the ambivalent role of the boat as a symbol of enslavement in the postcolonial Zofia LITWINOWICZ (“Belle”) and neocolonial (“Apocalypse Now”) space.
UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland)
UNIVERSITY OF ST. ANDREWS (St. Andrews/UK) [email protected]
The Boat of Death and the Expedition Boat: Dialectics of Enslavement.
The Representations of a Boat in “Belle” and “Apocalypse Now” through Postcolonial Lenses
According to DeLoughrey, each landscape should be regarded not only as a setting for human experience, but a true actor, a participant in a historical process. A boat, as an element of this postcolonial landscape, particularly reflects on the representation of postcolonial and neocolonial situations of enslavement in “Apocalypse Now” (dir. Frank Coppola, 1979) and “Belle” (dir. Amma Asante, 2013). In the light of the transatlantic trade, the connotation of a boat englobes both the colonised and the coloniser. It is at once the boat of death, symbolising
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Selected Aspects of Egyptian Committed PANEL 4 st Poetry at the Turn of the 21 Century
My research is a study of the historical references The Dimensions of Freedom and social commitment of Egyptian poets in the in Arabic Literature second half of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century, in the poetic works of Fārūq Ǧuwayda, Fārūq Šūša – writing in Literary Arabic and Ahmaḍ Fu’ād Nigm, Saḷ āh ̣ Ǧāhīn – writing in Egyptian dialect. These poetic productions are analysed on several levels: historical, social, political Prof. Arzu SADYKHOVA – on the one side – and literary focus on language and poetics – on the other side. These various levels cross ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY (Poznań/Poland) [email protected] and influence one another in every poem, creating its
unique form and content in each work involved Some Notes on the Tenson of Waḍḍāḥ in historical themes and social issues. By the means al-Yaman (d. c. 93/712) and the Fate of the Munāẓara Genre in Arabic Poetry of sociological criticism and poetic studies I have analysed the selected poems of these four poets, Among the poetic heritage of Waḍḍāḥ al-Yaman (d.c. which constitute the framework of my research. Each 93/712), one of the famous love poets of the poet has different social origins and curriculum vitae, Umayyad period who became popular due to his fatal as well as education that bring various tinctures to love to the caliph’s wife Umm al-Banīn and his tragic the commitment in their poetry. death in the chest-coffin, there is a remarkable short poem, the so-called tenson, or debate poem, or dialogue poem, i.e. munāẓara in Arabic. This poem consists of ten lines and was devoted to his former beloved Rawda, but the style, poetic meter and Bartosz PIETRZAK composition of the poem could be considered as the JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY (Kraków/Poland) [email protected] demonstration of some influence of the pre-Islamic Persian Poetry on the Arabic one. However, these “Muḥibbu al-Hụ̣ rriyya”? Concept arguments could not be considered as final and of Freedom in pre-Islamic poetry. undiscussable, due to some specific features of the Cognitive Linguistic Approach local Yemenite culture. Nevertheless, the latest Frequently, researchers of Arabic culture suggest researches in the field of modern poetry in Arabic freedom to be one of the central values for pre-Islamic dialects revealed several interesting facts which shed Arabs. However, the modern lexeme used in reference the light on the further fate of the munāẓara genre to freedom – ḥurriyya – does not occur within the in Arabic poetry. corpus of pre-Islamic poetry and, moreover, does not seem to refer to what one usually understands as freedom. The study aims to present a detailed description of the pre-Islamic Arabic Dr. Dominika conceptualization of freedom. It employs cognitive CZERSKA-SAUMANDE linguistics based analysis in order to better
INALCO-CERMOM (Paris/France) understand pre-Islamic Arabic thinking on this [email protected] value. Firstly, the semantic items,which might
be seen as referring to the concept of freedom, were selected on the basis of kutub al-alfāḍ̣̄ (topic-based
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dictionaries). The items were then analyzed based as political dominance” as in the concept of {liqāḥᵘⁿ} on Classical Arabic dictionaries, which allowed and dakalaᵗᵘⁿ. Additionaly, based on the dictionaries demonstration of semantic relations between them, explication, one can add the third category – “freedom as well as the metaphors employed in the as NON slavery” – which consists of the concept conceptualization they refer to. As a result, of ḥurriyyaᵗᵘⁿ. Consequently, the results reveal the hypothetical explications of the items were proposed. pre-Islamic Arabic understanding of freedom Consequently, the proposed explications are to be as an individual value, which requires power to be validated against the corpus of pre-Classical and sustained. These findings are in accordance with Classical Arabic poetry. At the current stage, the anthropological data on pre-Islamic society. The research results suggest that the pre-Islamic results indicate that the employment of cognitive conceptualization of freedom consisted of two linguistics methods might enhance the conceptual categories: “freedom from” as in the understanding of pre-Classical Arabic semantics and concepts of tabarruˀᵘⁿ and salāmᵘⁿ, and “freedom pre-Islamic Arabic culture.
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of a certain historical epoch (of the history of Arabs PANEL 5 and, more broadly, man’s history) and coming a new to voice of certain supra-cultural ideas, motifs and
Freedom and Religious Texts universal spirituality circulating in the Middle East for centuries before.
Prof. Roman MARCINKOWSKI
UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) Prof. Marcin GRODZKI [email protected] Department of Arabic and Islamic Studies UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) Sługa kananejski w świetle wybranych [email protected] tekstów literatury rabinicznej Claude Gillot i badania nad Koranem Święte teksty judaizmu z Biblią hebrajską włącznie jako tekstem literackim odróżniają sługę hebrajskiego (ewed iwri) Claude Gillot (ur. 1940) – znany arabista od nieżydowskiego niewolnika (ewed kenaani – dosł. i islamoznawca, przedstawiciel współczesnej ‘sługa kananejski’). Na temat traktowania tego francuskiej szkoły koranistyki badającej najstarsze pierwszego wypowiada się Tora: „Gdyż dobrze mu zabytki piśmiennictwa arabsko-muzułmańskiego. [było] u ciebie” (Pwt 15,16), która głównie w Księdze Jego naukowe dociekania koncentrują się wokół Wyjścia (21,2 nn.) oraz w Księdze Kapłańskiej (25,39 Koranu jako tekstu literackiego, Gillot poszukuje jego nn.) określa jego prawa. Talmud stara się je zwykle źródeł literackich i ideowych, bada dostępnymi interpretować na korzyść hebrajskiego sługi, stąd też metodami naukowymi jego historię oraz tradycje zapewne wzięło się talmudyczne powiedzenie: „Kto przekazu ustnego i pisemnego z nim związane. nabywa hebrajskiego niewolnika, kupuje sobie pana” Znajdując wyraz we wzniosłej formie literackiej, (Kid 20a). Jak literatura rabiniczna określa status upatruje w tekście Koranu wielowymiarowy kres nieżydowskiego niewolnika? Wprawdzie nie zaliczano pewnej epoki historycznej (w dziejach Arabów go jako rzeczywistego członka do społeczności Izraela, i, szerzej, historii człowieka) i dojście na nowo to jednak pod wieloma względami do niej należał. do głosu pewnych ponadkulturowych idei, motywów Skoro mieszkał w jego domach, to na pewno musiał i duchowości cyrkulujących od wieków na Bliskim podporządkować się określonym obowiązkom Wschodzie. i prawom. Pierwszym obowiązkiem, jakiemu podlegał, było obrzezanie, ale nawet i to nie Claude Gillot and the Qur’an zrównywało go w prawach z Izraelitą i nie dawało mu as a Literary Text równego z nim statusu społecznego czy religijnego.
Referat omawia najważniejsze aspekty pozycji Claude Gillot (b.1940) – a known French scholar społeczno-religijnej sługi kananejskiego pośród of Arabic & Islamic studies, representative of the Izraela w świetle wybranych tekstów literatury modern French school of Qur’anic studies, focusing rabinicznej. on the oldest Arabic-Muslim writings. His academic investigations tackle the Qur’an as a literary text. Gillot seeks out its literary and ideological sources, The Canaanite Servant in the Light explores its history and traditions of oral and written of Chosen Rabbinic Writings transmittance, using available scholarly methods. The sacred texts of Judaism, including the Hebrew Finding expression in an exalted literary form, he Bible, make a distinction between Hebrew servant sees in the Qur’an’s text a multidimensional end (eved ivri) and non-Jewish slave (eved kenaani – lit.
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‘Canaanite servant’). Torah speaks about the treatment of the former in the following way: “Since Anugita o wyzwoleniu it [was] good [for him to be] with you” (Deuteronomy The Anugita, zawarta w XIV. ks. Mahabharaty, 15:16); it lays down their rights mainly in the Book określana jest jako powtórzona tajemna nauka of Exodus (21:2 ff.) and in the Book of Leviticus Kriszny. Nauka ta dotyczy kwestii najważniejszej (25:39 ff.) The Talmud usually tries to interpret them dla jogi, tj. wyzwolenia – warunków jego osiągnięcia, in favour of Hebrew servants, and hence the specyfiki tegoż aktu oraz podmiotu dokonującego Talmudic saying: ”One who buys a Hebrew slave buys wyzwolenia w sensie tak ontologicznym, jak a master for himself” (Kid 20a). How does the rabbinic epistemicznym. Chociaż soteriologiczna treść Anugity literature set out the status of a non-Jewish slave? jest niezwykle interesująca, to dzieło to Although he was not regarded as a true member w indologicznych badaniach nadal pozostaje mało of the Israeli community, he belonged to it in many znane. respects. Since he lived in their houses, he certainly had to obey certain laws and to fulfil certain The Anugita on Final Liberation obligations. His first obligation was the circumcision but even this did not give him equal rights with an The Anugītā, a didactic part of the XIV. Book of the Israelite or equal social or religious status. The paper Mahābhārata, is defined as a repetition of the hidden discusses the most important aspects of social and teaching of Kṛṣṇa. His divine instructions concern the religious position of a Canaanite servant in Israel most important yogic question – the final liberation: in the light of chosen texts of rabbinic writings. its conditions, its specificity and the subject achieving the liberation in an ontological and epistemological sense. Although the soteriologial content of the Anugītā is fascinating, the work Dr. Nina BUDZISZEWSKA is merely known in the indological studies.
UNIVERSITY OF WROCŁAW (Wrocław/Poland)
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discourse. In texts on freedom, justice, aesthetics, PANEL 6 values and truth. A discourse that appreciates the persuasion and an argumentation and invites him
Discourses about Freedom to come to bring the views closer to each other in all areas, philosophical, literary, political, social and even linguistic and Semitic.
Prof. Ahmed Ali IBRAHIM Prof. Moussa FATAHINE UNIVERSITY OF FALLUJA (Falluja/Iraq) UNIVERSITY OF DJILALI BOUNAAMA [email protected] (Khemis Miliana/Algeria) [email protected] The Semantic Function of the Poetic The Semantic Function of the Poetic The Logic of the Language Discourse of Poets
in the Discourse of the Arab Heritage. Through the Contemporary Rhetorical Tramps hair represents a unique phenomenon in the Turn. A Debate between Abu Sa'’id Arab poetry path, because it carries a revolutionary al-Sirafi and Abu-Bishr Mataa Ibn Yunus experience in the social and technical levels and as a Model refused to one evaluates the non-same basis. The revolutionary movement has reached at Urwa ibn In this paper I examine the extent to which the logic roses phase of honesty reflected the same poetic, he of language is present in literary discourse when took mostly advantage of other properties, in motion trying to persuade or to seek persuasion. Since life is and narration by war and fiction character, as well as full of communication and dialogue between a source philosophical and ideological character, and his and a recipient, a linguistic or rhetorical solution has vision in the face of poverty, power and rebellion become necessary for every attempt at persuasion, against the norm. The discourse of poetic activity victory, demolition, refutation or, at least, influence is communicative deliberately influence, because the in the other. Is there in the literary heritage confirms ultimate goal vested by this letter is to influence the the convergence between the logic of language recipient impact achieved with specific objectives and (reason) and the language of logic, or between the targets drawn to his speech in line with the contexts Agumentation rhetoric and reason? Is there communicative, in which the poet seeks to Alavham a functional interaction between the links and persuasion, and influence in the recipient by of argumentation in the construction and language and speech, and the argument mental logic demolition? In this context comes the lines and evidence, and therefore need the poet Tramp to of research, highlighting the role played by the employ the value of the speech and authority / text rhetoric in the discourse mechanisms; when the and its ability to act and achieve the benefit and aesthetic taste to the arena of pilgrims and efficacy, and the significance of purposes, so persuasion, to influence the other, to prove the mediated effect in the recipient and persuade him opinion or the demolition, or at least upset. And and touched his feelings and emotions towards the in the debate (Abu Said Al-Sirafi 284 AH 364 AH) and objectives and behavior unique and own convictions. Mattaa Ibn Younis Al-Qinai what fulfills this purpose, This study adopted the rhetoric and technical and reveals the facts and results became topics analysis of the methods and means of persuasion of research in the science of argumentation and speech in defense of the idea or situation, through tongues. Rather, the same problems posed certain methods and mechanisms persuasive by contemporary logic and new rhetoric multiple orbital reflect the ideology of the poet, so the in contemporary philosophical and literary
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search will turn behind the text and turned to see the differentiation. The psychological aspect had a deep side Baaah. impact in drawing the map of this poetry through artistic and psychological means which are very clear in their poetry. Rebellion was a means to repress weakness and surrender, and a means Prof. Ismael HAZIM of self-affirmation. Rebellion is a strong psychological
UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL (Erbil/Iraq) desire to change the lived reality, and to turn it into [email protected] an active reality. This topic is represented
in measuring the extent of using the stylistic aspects Manifestations of Rebellion in the Poetry of Vagabonds aesthetically in the literary texts, the psychological analysis depends on a number of the methodological This research examines the manifestations rules among which are focusing on ways of rebellion in the poetry of vagabonds. The vagabond of expressing the linguistic aspect about the view poets embodied their suffering in a creative manner. of the text, especially in relation to vocabulary and They recorded the details of their life, and what they structures, the discovery of the expressionist forms suffered under the tribal society which abhors and of these poets by seeing their poems through the disrespect them. Therefore, they bore the banner criticism of the psychological factor, which of revolution against this oppression and the social constitutes the basis of this study.
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a chance to identify with overarching ideologies, that PANEL 7 fail to represent them. Political slogans too only promote messages for immediate one-sided benefits,
failing to grasp the reality of everyday life. Within this The Experience context, the citizens isolate themselves in their of Oppression localized realities, privileging what is of immediate in Contemporary Japanese concern to their survival, without considering communal issues. This misrepresentation is Literature – Precarity, experienced crucially at the level of communication, Imprisonment, where words only amount to tools to convey one portion of individual reality that does not achieve Totalitarian Tendencies mutual understanding with others. This study focuses on Takahashi’s treatment of political misrepresentation in everyday life. By analyzing essays, articles and two novels, Koi suru genpatsu [The Nuclear Plant in Love, 2011] and Sayonara Cristopher Robin [Goodbye, Christopher Dr. Filippo CERVELLI Robin, 2012], this paper proposes a double
DURHAM UNIVERSITY (Durham/UK) movement between the author’s fiction and [email protected] non-fiction, so as to illustrate how an influential
The Oppression of Democracy: Political author contributes through different ways and media (Mis)Representation and Community to articulating oppression, and showing how freedom in Takahashi Gen’ichirō’s Writings may be achieved through a collective redefinition
of democracy and the reestablishment of community. In both his fiction and non-fiction, Takahashi Gen’ichirō is attentive to social and political issues. This commitment to discuss current events and organizations is also underscored by the fact that Takahashi was a political activist himself, and was Adam GREGUŠ even imprisoned in his youth. Across sources UNIVERSITY OF VIENNA (Vienna/Austria) manifesting his standpoint on contemporary [email protected] Japanese and world politics, Takahashi describes a contemporary society where citizens are not When Bubblonia Bursts – Kirino Natsuo’s represented adequately by politicians, who do not act Politikon and its Subversive Utopia in their best interests. Often, they use ambiguous One of Japan’s most enduringly popular authors, language to divert attention from important issues Kirino Natsuo, has made a name for herself with her such as the reevaluation of war responsibility or the unflinching depictions of Japan’s post-bubble comfort women case. This is a form of oppression, society. Although not identifying as a political writer, because the citizens are at loss for representation, themes of systemic oppression, gender inequality, since the official channels do not tackle their needs precarious life conditions and struggles of lower clearly, nor do they seem to address the complexities classes, among other societal ills, form the core of her in their lives. writing. In her novel Politikon (2011), Kirino tackles A comparable notion emerges also from Takahashi’s the framework of utopian fiction, and the fictional literature. In numerous narratives a similar commune in which the novel takes place ostensibly oppression is visible, where characters are not given serves as a refuge from the shackles of Japanese
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society. Yet as Kirino portrays it through the lens Masashi 大道寺将司 (1948-2017), whose involvement of a male insider and a female outsider, the in attacks by the East Asia Anti-Japan Armed Front commune becomes a stage of power play and political [東アジア反日武装戦線, Higashi Ajia Hannichi Busô intrigue which none of the inhabitants can escape. Sensen] led to his death sentence in 1987. Henmi In my talk, I will focus on Kirino’s dismantling had two goals in mind: To highlight the plight of utopian idealism, as well as her portrayal of its two of death convicts in Japan, and to make public the protagonists in and outside of this society and how it haiku writing Daidôji produced during his time relates to her socially critical writing. I will also in prison. highlight Kirino’s engagement with social and Henmis critical approach towards imprisonment economic issues through her construction of a failing and death sentence has its roots in a fundamental utopia and her possible outlook for Japan at large. and cultural critique of Japanese society at the turn of the 21st century. His essayistic writings after winning the Akutagawa price in 1991, with the seemingly unmarketable thesis of Japan falling back Christian CHAPPELOW into totalitarian and neo-fascist tendencies, can
be read as an antithesis to the increasingly GOETHE-UNIVERSITY IN FRANKFURT (Frankfurt/Germany) commercialized and apolitical literature of the chappelow at em.uni-frankfurt.de Heisei-Era.
Henmi Yô’s Approaches towards This paper aims to discuss the topic of prison Imprisonment and Death Sentence literature in the context of Henmi’s literarily and in Japan intellectually constructed critique of the post war system. Special focus will be given to his televised In April 2012 NHK Educational Television (ETV) encounter with Daidôji, which further raises showed a documentary following author and questions into the reach of artistic engagement and journalist Henmi Yô 辺見庸 (1944) to the death tract the place of what could be described as undesirable of a Japanese prison. Henmis intention was to visit topics like death sentence and leftist terrorism and to talk to convicted leftist terrorist Daidôji in contemporary Japanese literature.
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PANEL 8
Dr. Najla KALACH Woman: between Freedom TUSCIA UNIVERSITY (Viterbo/Italy) and Oppression (1) [email protected]
Between Tradition and Change. Qatari Women Writers and the Short Story: a Focus on Kalthum Jabr
Literature, as a means to express freedom Prof. Roswitha BADRY and oppression, has been played an important role
FREIBURG UNIVERSITY (Freiburg/Germany) in the Arabic Literature. The purpose of my speech is [email protected] to highlight how writing provided the opportunity for
some important Qatari women writers (since 1970’s) A Literary Plea for Freedom of Expression to present, through the short story, the image of the – Laylā al-’Uthmān’s Muḥākama as an Example woman in the Arabian Gulf who looks for freedom and autonomy and who struggles with the traditional This paper will focus on the novel Al-Muḥākama [The and tribal structures of the Arab society. The Trial] by the prominent Kuwaiti author Laylā presentation will focus on one of the most important al-‘Uthmān which was published in 2000 Qatari writer, Kalthum Jabr, who has been able with in Damascus and reprinted twice (2001, 2005). The her simple and expressive language to greatly first-person narrative is based on the writer’s describe the role of women in Qatar and the personal experiences between 1996 and 2000 when conflicting feelings that arose between past and two Takfīr (accusation of unbelief) cases were contemporary world. initiated against her because of the allegedly indecent contents of two of her early short-story collections printed in 1979 and 1980. The first Takfīr case only led to an interrogation by the public prosecutor Dr. Nihad FOTTOUH in 1996, but the second resulted in the court proceedings of 1999/2000. The novel presents THE FRENCH UNIVERSITY IN EGYPT (Cairo/Egypt) [email protected] a mixture of genuine facts and fiction. It not only depicts the investigations against the Nawal el Saadawi: The Egyptian Face narrator-protagonist and her worries, feelings, and of Resistance actions connected with them. Following the “All the men I did get to know, every single man technique of de-concentration in Derridean terms, it of them, has filled me with but one desire: to lift my also gives attention to seemingly unimportant, hand and bring it smashing down on his face. But marginal aspects, such as minor daily problems because I am a woman I have never had the courage or what is said in small talk. The analysis of the novel to lift my hand. And because I am a prostitute, I hid will demonstrate that despite these digressions, the my fear under layers of make-up” Fardus Those call for freedom of expression and other fundamental words begin Nawal el Saadawi’s Women at Point Zero liberties figures prominently in Al-Muḥākama. This is (1982). Saadawi is an Egyptian feminist who has paid also true for other autobiographical texts by Laylā the price of her independences from her personal and al-‘Uthmān which will partially be taken into public life. In 1972 Saadawi was removed from her consideration. position as the Director of Health Education and the
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Editor-in-Chief of “Health magazine” after the Quest for Freedom: An Indian Female publication of Women and Sex. She was imprisoned Traveller’s Struggles in Nabaneeta Dev in Qanatir (women’s prison) in 1981 for political Sen’s Travel Writings offenses. The paper answers the question do women Travelling is often associated with exercising have freedom or any choice at all? Saadawi presents freedom, overcoming barriers and limitations. Even Fardus, the novel’s protagonist as an example more so if it is a woman who goes on a journey of every woman living in the Middle East who lives breaking patriarchal norms, challenging performing a life that is carefully designed for her by gender-based prejudice. This paper will aim the Patriarchal Middle eastern society, she lives to at analysing selected travel writings of Nabaneeta satisfy everyone and is taught to ignore her desires, Dev Sen, one of most eminent Indian Bengali female however when she chooses to refuse she pays it from writers of 20th century. Apart from being her life. The paper thus joins Saadawi in her a successful author of fiction Dev Sen is also a keen questions of freedom and liberation to women, traveller and has a number of travel books to her through examining Women at Point Zero as credit. Travelling alone or in a group she goes to a representation of every woman in the Middle East, different parts of India, sometimes remote and other especially Egypt. time overcrowded. In her writings along with observations and reports from the journeys she shares her feelings and thoughts on freedom, womanhood, family and culture. This paper will focus Dr. Weronika ROKICKA on this part of Nabaneeta Dev Sen’s travel writings
UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) that examines personal experience of being an Indian [email protected] female traveller. What motivates her to take to the
road? What image of the society and of herself does she create through her writings?
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polskim ukazały się dwa opowiadania Zhang PANEL 9 Xianlianga: Zupa z trawy i Zielonodrzew, Zimny wiatr.
Pamiętnik z lat spędzonych w chińskim gułagu China: the Picture of Freedom Harrego Wu oraz W poszukiwaniu ojczyzny: wspomnienia z chińskiego obozu pracy Gao Ertaia, and Oppression które będą przedmiotem szerszej analizy.
Chinese Labor Camp Literature
The presentation focuses on Chinese labor camp literature and its place in Chinese modern literature. Dr. Maciej SZATKOWSKI Prison-camp memoirs usually can not be published Chinese Language and Culture Center Faculty of Languages officially in the People’s Republic of China. In the NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY recent years Chinese government prohibits almost all (Toruń/Poland) public discussions of the “Anti-Rightist campaign”, [email protected] which can lead to national amnesia and new shaping Chińska literatura obozowa of the collective memory. After Maoist campaigns (e.g. The Hundred Flowers Campaign) around 1,2 million Referat jest próbą opisu miejsca literatury obozowej na mapie współczesnej literatury chińskiej. people were sent to labor camps, so called laogai (劳 Wspomnienia z chińskich obozów pracy 改 reform through labor). w zdecydowanej większości nie zostają wydane Many scholars believes (e.g. Frank Dikötter) that Mao w oficjalnym obiegu wydawniczym na terenie Zedong established laogai by following the example Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej. W ostatnich latach of Soviet gulags. As in the case of Soviet Union, rząd ChRL zakazał niemal całkowicie publicznych in Chinese prison-camps many leftist and dyskusji na temat kampanii antyprawicowych communist activists were imprisoned. z czasów rządu Mao Zedonga, po których 1,2 miliona Many of the political prisoners died in laogai, and ludzi zostało uwięzionych w chińskich obozach pracy, those who survived were set free after 20 years tzw. laogaiach (劳改 ‘reedukacja poprzez pracę’). of imprisonment, after Mao Zedong’s death. Usually they did not share their experience from the labor Wielu badaczy (np. Frank Dikötter) twierdzi, że Mao camp with public and lived in fear of the next Zedong założył obozy, wzorując się na radzieckich persecution. Only a few decided to publish their gułagach. Podobnie jak w Związku Radzieckim, memoirs from laogai, mostly outside of PRC. In my w chińskich laogaiach znalazło się w latach 50. wielu speech I intend to analyze those few memoirs intelektualistów, w tym także tych lewicujących translated into Polish, i.e. Zhang Xianliang’s Zupa i wiernych komunistów. Było to pokłosie kampanii z trawy [Grass Soup] and Zielonodrzew [Mimosa], antyprawicowych oraz „kampanii stu kwiatów”, które Harry Wu’s Zimny wiatr. Pamiętnik z lat spędzonych były okazją do pozbycia się wszelkich przejawów w chińskim gułagu [Bitter winds: a memoir from my myśli krytycznej wobec władzy i zdławienia opozycji. years in China’s Gulag] and Gao Ertai’s Wielu z osadzonych zmarło, a ci, którzy przeżyli W poszukiwaniu ojczyzny: wspomnienia z chińskiego nierzadko 20-letnią odsiadkę, wyszli zrehabilitowani obozu pracy [In Search of My Homeland]. dopiero po śmierci Mao Zedonga. Zazwyczaj milczeli na temat doświadczeń obozowych, bojąc się kolejnych represji. Nieliczni zdecydowali się na wydanie wspomnień obozowych, często w drugim obiegu lub poza Chinami kontynentalnymi. W języku Dr. Zofia JAKUBÓW
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Department of Chinese Studies Ambiguity characterizes the ideological sphere Faculty of Oriental Studies UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) as well. While it has become the space where various [email protected] orientations meet and merge, an especially
prominent position has been occupied by Poszukiwanie wolności w kulturze wolnego rynku: chińscy pisarze neoliberalism with its vision of teleological, by now „środkowego pokolenia” nearly complete, historical development, its precepts of participation in the fierce pursuit of money, Współczesna literatura chińska powstaje experiencing individual freedom and shouldering the w warunkach systemu gospodarczego określanego full responsibility for oneself. Reflections on the czasem jako kapitalizm o chińskiej specyfice albo current state of the Chinese society and culture can wręcz przeciwnie: socjalizm o chińskiej specyfice. be found in the writings of the so called “Middle Niejednoznaczność dotknęła także sfery Generation” of Chinese authors. They were born too ideologicznej, w której spotkały się wprawdzie różne late to remember the Cultural Revolution and too orientacje, ale poczesne miejsce zajmuje early to completely and uncritically immerse neoliberalizm z wizją teleologicznego, dobiegającego themselves in the world of consumerism – the world właśnie końca, rozwoju historycznego, nakazem that has become the living place of some of the uczestnictwa w przypominającej walkę pogoni big-city dwellers or at least the object of their za pieniądzem, korzystania z indywidualnej wolności aspirations. Neoliberalism nominally entails liberty i dźwigania odpowiedzialności za siebie. Refleksję much needed after years of socialist control. nad obecnym stanem chińskiego społeczeństwa However, the characters created by the “Middle i kultury uprawia tzw. „środkowe pokolenie” Generation” writers not only feel unhappy, but even chińskich pisarzy – literaci urodzeni zbyt późno, by experience a sense of enslavement and helplessness pamiętać „rewolucję kulturalną”, ale i zbyt wcześnie, in the face of those mechanisms. Hence their search by całkowicie, bezkrytycznie zanurzyć się w świecie for methods of liberating themselves from the konsumpcji, w którym żyje albo do którego aspiruje dominating values, most often embodied in the form część mieszkańców chińskich wielkich miast. Choć of a return to tradition, religion, locally generated role neoliberalizm ma w nazwie upragnioną po latach models, and to their home towns far from the modern socjalistycznej kontroli wolność, bohaterowie metropolises. powieści pisarzy „środkowego pokolenia” nie tylko nie wydają się zadowoleni, ale wręcz odczuwają rodzaj zniewolenia i bezsilności wobec tych mechanizmów.
Stąd ich poszukiwanie sposobów uwolnienia się Dr. Agnieszka od dominujących wartości, przybierające najczęściej PATERSKA-KUBACKA formę powrotu do tradycji, ucieczki z metropolii, do domu rodzinnego, do religijności i lokalnych ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY (Poznań/Poland) [email protected] wzorców osobowych. Sun Wukong jako symbol buntu Search for Freedom in the Culture i wolności w kulturze chińskiej
of the Free Market: Chinese Writers Tadeusz Żbikowski we wstępie do powieści Małpi of the “Middle Generation” bunt pisze: „Odmiennie od kręgu kultury
Contemporary Chinese literature is written under the europejskiej, małpa w krajach Dalekiego Wschodu conditions of an economic system sometimes termed nie była zwierzęciem pogardzanym czy wręcz “capitalism with Chinese characteristics” and utożsamianym z siłami nieczystymi. W wielu at other times, on the contrary, described kulturach wschodnich, zwłaszcza w Indiach, as “socialism with Chinese characteristics”. na wyspach Archipelagu Malajskiego, a także
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niektórych rejonach Chin, otaczano ją nimbem He is never limited neither by the space, nor by his świętości, małpokształtnym bogom budowano appearance, when it comes to fulfill his dreams. świątynie, składano ofiary, zanoszono do nich modły. Incessantly in action, often he first do, then think Nierzadko małpa bywała bohaterką utworów about consequences, brakes all the principles and literackich”. Rzadko czy często, sądzę, że nikomu acts against the rules, but always in good faith and dotąd nie przyszło do głowy sprawdzać, ile małp usually with positive results. The hero of the movies, wystąpiło w głównej roli w chińskiej literaturze. series, dramas and plays, he found his place also Dlaczego? Ponieważ wszystkie i tak zostałyby in the modern world of advertisement. The character, przyćmione przez tę jedną, najważniejszą – Małpiego that cannot be replaced and the mark that will never Króla Sun Wukonga. „Obrońca maluczkich, be used up, still alive in Chinese minds. Which szlachetny buntownik”, wulkan energii, qualities caused him to become immortal (as he niewyczerpane źródło mniej lub bardziej szalonych wished) symbol of rebellion and freedom? This pomysłów. Nie ogranicza go ani przestrzeń, ani question I will try to answer. powierzchowność, kiedy chodzi o realizację jego marzeń. Nieustannie w akcji, często najpierw robi, później myśli o skutkach, łamie wszelkie normy i działa wbrew zasadom, ale zawsze w dobrej wierze Dr. Anna KOŁOS i z reguły z pozytywnym skutkiem. Bohater filmów, ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY (Poznań/Poland) seriali i sztuk, odnalazł się również we współczesnym [email protected] świecie reklamy. Postać nie do zastąpienia i nie do wyeksploatowania, wciąż żywa w świadomości Przez Ocean Indyjski. Polscy podróżnicy w drodze do Chin (1850–1939) Chińczyków. Jakie jego cechy sprawiły, że stał się nieśmiertelnym (jak pragnął) symbolem buntu Przed drugą połową XIX wieku polscy podróżnicy i wolności? Na to pytanie spróbuję znaleźć docierali do Chin niemal wyłącznie jedną drogą, odpowiedź. mianowicie przez rosyjską Syberię. Chociaż nie wszyscy
spośród nich byli zesłańcami, typ narracji Sun Wukong as a Symbol of Rebellion and Freedom in Chinese Culture martyrologicznej, zawierającej elementy podróżopisarstwa na Daleki Wschód, stał się In the preface to the novel called Monkey rebellion dominujący w polskiej kulturze. Znacznie mniej Tadeusz Żbikowski wrote: “Unlike the European wiadomo natomiast o innych polskich rodzajach culture, in the Far East monkey was not an animal despised or even identified with unclean forces. podróży do Chin. W niniejszym wystąpieniu In many eastern cultures, particularly in India, chciałabym skupić się na polskich podróżnikach, on the islands of the Malay Archipelago and in some którzy przebywali Ocean Indyjski, by odwiedzić parts of China, the monkey was considered a saint, południowe wybrzeża Chin. Otwarcie Kanału people built temples for ape-like gods, offered them Sueskiego w 1869 roku, a w szczególności przejęcie sacrifices and sent prayers to them. Often monkey go przez Brytyjczyków w 1882 roku, znacząco was the hero of literary works”. Rarely or often, ułatwiło transport morski do Indii i Azji I think it has never occurred to anyone to count how many monkeys have played the lead in Chinese Południowo-Wschodniej. Doprowadziło to do literature. Why? Because all of them would ekspansji usług komercyjnych parowców, które be dimmed by this one, the most important – the spopularyzowały podróże handlowe i nowoczesną Monkey King Sun Wukong. “Defender of the little turystykę w tej części globu. Przed podróżnikiem ones, noble rebel”, volcano of energy, stanęły nagle do dyspozycji różne możliwości, an inexhaustible source of more or less crazy ideas. a ośrodki portowe między Kanałem Sueskim
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a Japonią stały się wszystkie łatwo dostępne. W dużej prevailing in the Polish culture. Much less is known mierze były one również kontrolowane przez about other types of Polish journeys to China. In this europejskie mocarstwa, dzięki czemu trasa ta była paper I would like to elaborate on the topic of Polish w pewnej mierze homogeniczna. Podróż mogła być travelers who crossed the Indian Ocean to get to the kojarzona z podziwianiem kolejnych stopni southern coasts of China. The opening of the Suez Canal kolonizacji, a kontakt z lokalnymi kulturami był in 1869 and, in particular, Britain’s seizure of it in 1882 ograniczony do minimum. W 1939 roku Aleksander significantly facilitated maritime transport to India and Janta-Połczyński deklarował, że statki przeznaczona East Asia. This led to the expansion of commercial dla masowych turystów przypominały „pływającą steamship services that made travel accessible for trade Europę” i chroniły podróżnych przed interakcjami and modern tourism alike. This mode of travel suddenly z pozaeuropejskimi kulturami. Moim celem jest allowed one to choose from a range of destinations: port porównanie wybranych opisów podróży morskiej towns between the Suez Canal and the coast of Japan z drugiej połowy XIX wieku (Julian Fałat, Karol were all accessible. These hubs had predominantly been Lanckoroński, Paweł Sapieha, Czesław Karol given over to European control. As a result, this route Petelenz, Lucjan Jurkiewicz) i z okresu depicted the world as somewhat homogeneous. The międzywojennego (Julian Bandrowski, journey was associated with visiting the progressive Janta-Połczyński), by wyciągnąć z nich ogólniejsze stages of colonization, and contact with local cultures was wnioski mówiące o świadomości tych podróżników, limited to a minimum. In 1939 Aleksander ich percepcji Chin oraz stosunku do kolonializmu Janta-Połczyński declared that the ships for the masses wraz z ich poglądami politycznymi dotyczącymi of tourists resembled of “floating Europe” and protected opresji, co jest szczególnie istotne dla polskich tourists from interactions with non-European cultures podróżników przed 1918 rokiem. of Asia. In the paper I would like to compare several accounts of maritime journeys from the second half of the Crossing the Indian Ocean. Polish 19th century (J. Fałat, K. Lanckoroński, P. Sapieha. C.K. Travelers on Their Way to China Petelenz, L. Jurkiewicz), from around the interwar period (1850–1939) (J. Bandrowski, Janta-Połczyński). I would like to draw Before the second half of the 19th century there was some conclusions on the awareness of those travelers, hardly any other route to China for Polish travelers than their perception of the Chinese and their approach the one leading from Russian Siberia. As much as not all to colonialism along with their political opinions those travelers were exiles, this sort of martyrologic regarding oppression, which is particularly crucial for the narratives concerning travels to the Far East became Polish travelers from before 1918.
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Maria SKAKUJ-PURI PANEL 10 INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR (India) [email protected]
Woman: between Freedom Mothers, Daughters, Sisters, Wives… and Oppression (2) Women and the 1984 Trauma in Punjabi Short Stories by Ajeet Caur
Military operation (June 1984) ordered by the Prime Minister, Indira Gandhi, aimed at flushing out Jairnail Singh Bhindrawale and his cohort from the Golden Temple, left hundreds of people dead. The Dr. Monika BROWARCZYK desecration of the temple and the bloodshed
Department of Asian Studies committed within its walls shook the Sikh Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures community and led to the assassination of Indira ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY (Poznań/Poland) [email protected] Gandhi by her Sikh body-guards (31 October 1984).
This was followed by anti-Sikh riots and In Search of Oppression of Freedom an unprecedented growth of militancy in Punjab. and Freedom from Oppression. Meena Kandasamy’s Gypsy Goddess and When Punjabi literature, especially the short story, I Hit You or, A Portrait of the Writer addressed the matter, trying to make sense of the as a Young Wife traumatic event and its aftermath. The present paper proposes to examine some short stories authored Meena Kandasamy, holder of a PhD by a well-known Punjabi writer, Ajeet Caur, in sociolinguistics and a Dalit activist, had several juxtaposing narratives describing what happened in collections of poetry to her credit when in 2014 she Delhi (ex. Navaṁbar ćurāsi / November 1984) with debuted with her first novel, Gypsy those whose action takes place in Punjab Goddess that smudged the line between powerful (eg. Nā māro / Dead-end; Kuṭṭe/ Bloodhounds, Ćuṭṭi fiction and fearsome critique in narrating the 1968 / On vacation), with special focus on women, their massacre of forty-four landless untouchable men, fate and their coping strategies when confronted with women and children striking for higher wages in the violence. As most of the stories were written and village of Kilvenmani published only years after the 1984 events, one (https://www.kandasamy.co.uk). Her second novel, is faced again, as was the case with the Partition narrated in the first-person When I Hit You or, of 1947, with the question of how to come to grips A Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife of 2017 with the memories of a traumatic past. The paper portrays an abusive marriage of a female protagonist tries to answer this question. who happens to be a writer. Kandasamy accepts the novel as being partly autobiographical, but restrains from providing an estimate of “autobiographical element” in it. In these narratives Kandasamy Natalia GRENIEWSKA debates Indian visions of womanhood, talks about Faculty of Oriental Studies female sexuality and writing. The paper seeks UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) to outline the question of freedom and oppression [email protected] in these unique narratives of caste and domestic Mongolian Female Perspective violence in India. of Individual Freedom
The main subject of the present paper will be female perspective of individual freedom in Mongolian
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literature. I will focus on works of one of the most JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY (Kraków/Poland) famous and important Mongolian contemporary [email protected] writer and poet – Ulziitogs, which reflect modern Freedom Through Enlightenment Mongolian society. She vividly describes the daily, in the Poems of the Early Buddhist Nuns unequal struggle of Mongolian women for equal rights, equal treatment and their individual freedom. The Therīgāthā [Songs of the Elder Nuns], a collection She often shows the image of the oppressed woman forming a part of the Earliest Buddhist canon, and her relationship with society and attempts is an anthology of verses ascribed to the ancient to gain independence. At the same time, she Buddhist nuns. Those poems describe the life stories underlines the perspective of a Mongolian woman – of nuns and their way to the highest Buddhist goal – the enlightenment. The enlightenment and the writer, attempts to realize herself as an independent monastic way of life are often described as freedom: author and her struggle for creative freedom. freedom from fear, from desire, from the circle Literature of Ulziitogs is well received by the of rebirth and sometimes also as freedom from Mongolian society judging from the number of the an unhappy marriage or hardships of life before the sold copies of her books. Since her works were ordination. In two cases the epithet “freed” (muttā) translated into numerous languages it can even serves as the name of the nun to whom the be assumed that she is perceived as a writer poem is ascribed (Therīgāthā 2 and 11). The aim of universal subjects. In the paper, I will draw of the proposed paper is to analyze selected verses on examples of novellas by the writer from her last of the Therīgāthā in terms of in which contexts the two books entitled The urban tales and The images notion of “freedom” is used and in which terms seen in glasses. it is explained, taking into account the context of the
socially ascribed gender norms of ancient India and the early Buddhist notions of liberation. Joanna GRUSZEWSKA
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influence the perception of freedom and define “the PANEL 11 white man’s burden”? May we talk about the category
of freedom in the French colonial literature? Those The Freedom in Colonial are the questions I would like to answer in my speech. and Postcolonial Perspective
Alicja WALCZYNA
Institute of Romance Studies UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) Dr. Małgorzata SOKOŁOWICZ [email protected]
FRYDERYK CHOPIN UNIVERSITY OF MUSIC Write a Lived Prison Experience, (Warsaw/Poland) Transcribe an Experience Heard.
The Comparative Study of Ben Jelloun’s UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) The Comparative Study of Ben Jelloun’s [email protected] The Blinding Absence of Light and Marzouki’s Tazmamart-Cell 10 The Category of Freedom in the French Colonial Literature: L’étrange aventure Tazmamart-Cell 10 (Paris: Éditions d’Aguida [The Strange Adventure Paris-Méditerranée, 2000) have been written from of Aguida] by A.-R. de Lens two distinct perspectives : the first author rewrites the prison experience heard from one of the Due to its occupation by Arabs, firstly, and relations Tazmamart’ survivors and the second one, with the Ottoman Empire, secondly; in the 19th writer-survivor reveals his own experience century, the North Africa was considered to be a part of Tazmamart. The question is to approach the way of the Oriental world, the world which was usually they treat the subject of human oppression, physical depicted in literature and art as a certain projection and psychological sufferance and the inner strength of European dreams and desires. This way of human being to survive. The two authors choose of representing the North Africa persists in the distinctive linguistic strategies to present prison: Ben colonial literature but is also enriched by new Jelloun uses poetic language while Marzouki’s contents. In my speech I would like to focus on a book writing sticks to the reality employing another range by Aline Réveillaud de Lens (1881–1925), a French of vocabulary. I will show that these two testimonies, woman painter and writer living in Tunisia direct and indirect, diverge but prove to be equally (1911–1913) and Morocco (1913–1925), a newly powerful. created French protectorate. L’étrange aventure d’Aguida is composed of three short stories describing the life of three Moroccan people: Aguida, a girl kidnapped from her native village to be sold Aleksandra SZKLARZEWICZ as a slave in a city; Marouf, a blind boy who looses Institute of Oriental Studies his family and is forced to become a beggar; and JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY (Kraków/Poland) Omar, a slippers’ seller who is wrongfully accused [email protected] of stealing money. In all the stories Moroccans Literature as a Testimony. Memoirs become those who oppress and limit the freedom of Prison and Torture in Tahar Ben of their fellow countrymen while French people help Jelloun’s This Blinding Absence of Light them to regain freedom. But what is this freedom and in Fatema Oufkir’s Les Jardins du roi like? What does it mean to be free under the colonial rule? How does the French colonial literature
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In the early 1970’s, the Moroccan military has staged Totalitarian regimes with their destructive scenarios two unsuccessful coups d’état against King Hassan had been sweeping most post-independence African II. In the aftermath, thousands of dissidents were countries in innumerable guises and tactics. These tortured, imprisoned or forcibly disappeared. regimes shaped many literary works on the part For years, the atrocities which occurred at that time of African intellectuals who found themselves at the were a secret well-kept from the public. Tahar Ben forefront as denunciators and political activists. Jelloun, a critically acclaimed Moroccan writer, In this paper, I intend to articulate the presents a true story of a former inmate anti-totalitarian literary discourse as shaped of Tazmamart, a secluded secret prison. The by writers like Wole Soyinka and Nurrudin Farah protagonist is a young cadet who has been jailed for in their reaction to various forms of political tyranny participation in the failed coup of 1971. This Blinding and neo-imperialism which have overtaken many Absence of Light is a dramatic tale of injustice post-independence African nations with a particular and above all about the persistence of human dignity emphasis on Soyinka’s political dramaturgy of the and will. In 2000, Fatema Oufkir, the widow 80’s and 90’s together with his prison writings and of General Mohammad Oufkir, published her Nurrudin Farah’s internally shattered Somalia autobiography in which she unfolds the events that as depicted in his Dictatorship Trilogy. The paper led to her imprisonment in the so-called King’s brings to light the possible literary modes gardens. The aim of the presentation is to compare of counter-discourse emanating from both writers’ how literature can serve as a testimony of oppression works pointing to the political contexts within which and how the protagonists cope with harsh conditions they emanated and to which they actively responded to which they have been subjected. identifying patterns of oppression and resistance. While Soyinka’s shot-gun-writing aesthetics manifest in plays like King Baabu and A Play of Giants constituting a vehement cry of anguish over a corrupt Khedidja CHERGUI post-independence African politics, Farah projects,
ECOLE NORMALE SUPÉRIEURE OF ALGIERS throughout the trilogy, his country Somalia since (Bouzaréah/Algeria) Syad Barre’s coup of 1969 and the new political [email protected] totalitarianism to which Somalia has drifted over the
Nurrudin Farah, Wole Soyinka years. and the Not Yet Dethroned African Kongism
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works, the Lebanese poet, writer, translator PANEL 12 journalist, activist fighting for women’s rights takes
up the subject of the individual’s right to freedom and Freedom in Contemporary self-determination regardless of sex, religion, race or social position. Her courage and uncompromising Arabic Literature attitude in choosing the issues and the way of their presenting – which is often close to provocation – has repeatedly met with the criticism and condemnation from conservative circles. In 2014, Haddad added the drama Kafas [The Cage] to her rich and well-recognized poetic and essayist Dr. Magdalena KUBAREK works. Its protagonists (the lesbian, the prostitute,
Arabic Language and Culture Center “the fat”, the old maid, and “the veiled”) are stuck Faculty of Languages in a cage built of restrictions imposed by prevailing NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY IN TORUŃ (Toruń/Poland) social and cultural norms. [email protected]
Pięć wizji kobiecego zniewolenia w dramcie Kafas [Klatka] Dżumany Haddad Dr. Agnieszka GRACZYK
Referat analizuje współczesne manifestacje kobiecego Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures zniewolenia przedstawione w dramacie Dżumany ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY (Poznań/Poland) [email protected] Haddad (Joumana Haddad). Urodzona w 1970 roku libańska poetka, pisarka, dziennikarka tłumaczka, W oczekiwaniu na wyrok. Wspomnienia aktywistka walcząca o prawa kobiet w swoich irackich pisarzy Rifata Chadirijego utworach podejmuje tematykę prawa jednostki do i Balqis Szarary wolności i samostanowienia niezależnie od płci, Irak, lata siedemdziesiąte XX wieku. Okres reżimu religii, rasy czy pozycji społecznej. Jej odwaga wojskowego i zwalczania opozycji. Czas, kiedy wielu i bezkompromisowość w wyborze tematyki i sposobie obywateli było represjonowanych, aresztowanych jej przedstawienia, która nierzadko ociera się i ginęli w niewyjaśnionych okolicznościach. Wśród o prowokację, wielokrotnie spotykały się z krytyką nich był jeden z najbardziej znanych arabskich i potępieniem ze strony kręgów konserwatywnych. architektów, Rifat Chadirji, któremu zarzucono Do swojej bogatej i uznanej twórczości poetyckiej współpracę z Amerykanami i skazano na dożywocie. i eseistycznej Haddad dołączyła w 2014 roku dramat Wpływy rodzinne i sytuacja w kraju doprowadziły zatytułowany Kafas [Klatka], którego bohaterki do jego uwolnienia. Jednakże okres dwóch lat, kiedy (lesbijka, prostytutka, „grubaska”, stara panna, oraz przebywał w więzieniu, gdzie był torturowany, „zakwefiona”) tkwią w klatce zbudowanej głodzony i prześladowany przez współwięźniów wyrył z ograniczeń narzuconych przez obowiązujące normy w jego świadomości niebagatelne piętno. społeczne i kulturowe. Równocześnie jego żona, Balqis, która pozostała sama, opuszczona przez przyjaciół, którzy obawiali Five Visions of Women’s Oppression się kontaktów z rodziną skazańca, zmuszona była in the Drama Kafas [The Cage] mierzyć się z trudną sytuacją rodzinną i społeczną. by Joumana Haddad Ich wspólna opowieść pt. Dżidar bajna zulmatajn
The paper analyzes modern manifestations [Ściana między dwiema ciemnościami, 2003), oparta of women’s oppression presented in the drama Kafas na autentycznych faktach, spisana po wielu latach [The Cage] by Joumana Haddad (b. 1970). In her na emigracji, przedstawia ich losy, ale jednocześnie
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ukazuje jak każdy z nich przeżywał lata rozłąki, Dr. Sebastian GADOMSKI niepewność i samotności. Konfrontacja dwóch JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY (Kraków/Poland) narracji, męża i żony, jednocześnie omawiających ten [email protected] sam okres ich życia, jest niezwykle ważnym dokumentem, który zwraca uwagę zarówno na Droga do wolności – dramaturgia egipska wobec rewolucji 2011 roku przeżycia więźnia, ale również, co rzadko się zdarza, na los najbliższych, mimo iż wolnych, uwięzionych Wydarzenia, które miały miejsce w Egipcie w strukturach społecznych i ograniczonych sytuacją na początku 2011 roku wstrząsnęły życiem polityczną. społeczno-politycznym w całym kraju. Uliczne wystąpienia i demonstracje nie tylko doprowadziły Waiting for the Sentence. Memories do zmian na szczytach władzy, ale sprowokowały of Iraqi writers Rifat Chadirji otwartą debatę na temat kondycji społeczeństwa, jego and Balqis Sharara świadomości politycznej i poczucia odpowiedzialności za własną ojczyznę. Środowiska artystyczne Iraq, 1970s. The period of the military regime and reprezentowane przez poszczególnych twórców opposition. A time when many citizens were towarzyszyły wszystkim etapom egipskich przemian, repressed, arrested and died in unexplained aktywnie włączając się w spontaniczny ruch, który na circumstances. Among them was one of the most nowo definiował swoją tożsamość obalając skostniały famous Arab architects, Rifat Chadirji, who was system, w którym obywatelski głos utracił swoją moc accused of working with the Americans and i znaczenie. Utwory dramatyczne, które powstawały sentenced to life imprisonment. Family connections w przededniu rewolucyjnego zrywu, a także w jego and the situation in the country led to his release. trakcie i tuż po nim stały się żywym świadectwem However, the period of two years, when he was żmudnego procesu zdobywania wolności in prison, where he was tortured, starved and i dojrzewania do niej. Ich historyczno-literacka persecuted by his inmates, engraved a significant wartość przejawia się nade wszystko mark in his consciousness. At the same time, his w autentyczności przekazu, który odzwierciedla wife, Balqis, who remained alone, abandoned by głębokie pragnienie społeczno-politycznej zmiany friends who feared contact with the convict's family, i niestrudzone podążanie za głosem wolności. was forced to face a difficult family and social situation. Their shared story Jidar Bayna Dhulmatayn [A Wall Between Two Obscurities, 2003] Way to Freedom – Egyptian Dramaturgy based on authentic facts, written down after many Towards the Revolution of 2011 years in exile, presents their fate, but also shows how The events that took place in Egypt at the beginning each of them experienced years of separation, of 2011 shook social and political life throughout the uncertainty and loneliness. The confrontation of two country. Street protests and demonstrations have not narratives, husband and wife, simultaneously only led to changes at the summit of power, but have discussing the same period of their lives, provoked an open debate on the condition of the is an extremely important document that draws society, its political awareness and sense attention both to the prisoner's experiences, but also, of responsibility for its own homeland. Artistic milieu what happens rarely, to the fate of their relatives, represented by individual artists took part in all free, but imprisoned in social structures and limited stages of Egyptian transformations, actively joining by the political situation. a spontaneous movement, which redefined the national identity by refuting the ossified system in which the civic voice lost its power and meaning. Dramatic works, which were created on the eve of the revolutionary uprising, as well as during and after
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it became a living testimony to the arduous process wszechobecnej kontroli państwa. Rozważania of gaining freedom and maturing to it. Their dotyczące literackiej reprezentacji funkcjonowania historical-literary value manifests itself above all totalitarnej machiny władzy chciałabym poprzedzić in the authenticity of the message, which reflects the informacjami o charakterze faktograficznym. deep desire for socio-political change and the tireless pursuit of the voice of freedom. Iraqi Intelectuall’s Resistance to Baathist Propaganda and Censorship in the Novel Diacritics by Sinan Antoon
Dr. Adrianna MAŚKO In the novel I’ǧām [Diacritics, 2003], Sinan Antoon
Faculty of Modern Languages and Literatures reflects in the crooked mirror of the main character’s ADAM MICKIEWICZ UNIVERSITY (Poznań/Poland) [email protected] irony, a student of English literature at the University of Baghdad, the realities of life of Iraqi intellectuals Opór irackiego intelektualisty wobec baasistowskiej propagandy i cenzury under Saddam Hussein’s dictatorship in the 1980s. w powieści Znaki diakrytyczne At the time, the Baath Party apparatus’ interference Sināna Anṭūna in everyday life of Iraqi citizens is already at its
W powieści Iʻǧām [Znaki diakrytyczne, 2003] Sinān zenith. The author of the novel depicts how Iraqis are Anṭūn odbija w krzywym zwierciadle ironii głównego attacked with dozens of slogans inspiring them bohatera, studenta literatury angielskiej na to sacrifice themselves for the leader and the party. Uniwersytecie Bagdadzkim, realia życia He cites dozens of examples of words and phrases intelektualistów w Iraku w cieniu dyktatury which make up the rhetoric of propaganda. He Saddama Husajna w latach 80. XX wieku, kiedy to indicates various absurd reasons for using ingerencja aparatu Partii Baas w codzienne censorship. He presents the consequences of saying funkcjonowanie obywateli sięga już zenitu. Autor powieści obrazuje, w jaki sposób wbija się or writing critical words towards the regime. Finally, Irakijczykom do głowy dziesiątki sloganów mających he shows some forms of silent resistance used inspirować ich do nieustannego poświęcania się dla by Iraqi intellectuals. In my paper, I would like przywódcy i partii. Przytacza dziesiątki przykładów to present the way in which Antoon shows in his słów i fraz składających się na propagandową novel the functioning of Baathist propaganda and retorykę. Wskazuje różne absurdalne powody censorship, as well as some strategies to which the stosowania cenzury. Przedstawia konsekwencje main character resorts in order to escape from the krytycznych wypowiedzi pod adresem reżimu. ubiquitous control of the state. My considerations Wreszcie ukazuje stosowane przez intelektualistów formy cichego oporu. W moim referacie chciałabym regarding the literary representation of the zaprezentować zarówno sposób, w jaki Anṭūn opisał functioning of the totalitarian machine of Hussein’s w swojej powieści funkcjonowanie baasistowskiej power, I would like to precede by some factual propagandy i cenzury, jak i strategie, do jakich information. ucieka się główny bohater, by wymknąć się spod
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event. The motifs of independence and freedom are PANEL 13 strongly present in M.G. Vassanji’s novel No New
Land. In the text, the author explores the complexity Freedom and Violence of the connection between freedom and independence, showing that the relation between the in Narration two is not as straightforward as it may appear to be. Vassanji presents this discussion against the plight of the immigrants from the British Raj who move from country to county trying to find freedom and independence and, at the same time, become the victims of the situations in which independence Dr. Mustafa WSHYAR is awarded to others. The aim of this presentation
UNIVERSITY OF SZEGED (Szeged/Hungary) is to discuss the depiction of freedom and [email protected] independence in the novel with a particular focus
Violence Representation in And the on the way in which they impact the members of the Mountains Echoed by Khaled Hosseini diaspora.
This paper explores the topic of violence as it is represented in Khaled Hosseini’s And the
Mountains Echoed (2013). My aim is to look at the Jacek SKUP possibilities of translating violence into fictional JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY (Kraków/Poland) context. I will accordingly analyze the novel in order [email protected] to see how nonfiction/reality of violence is represented in a narrative form. For this I will Narratives of Struggle for Freedom apply Johan Galtung’s theory on violence triangle. in the Writings of S.C. Bose
These include incipient forms of violence defined Subhas Chandra Bose (1897–1945) known as Netaji by Galtung as invisible violence; structural and (revered leader) was one of the leaders of the Indian cultural violence will be revealed by certain independence movement. In the 1930s he left the consequences, leading to the existence of the visible Indian National Congress due to disagreements violence, the so-called direct violence that can concerning the methods of obtaining independence, be prevented by stopping or treating violence as it is which led him to the creation of the All-India Forward in its early stages. Bloc. Later he became the leader of armed struggle for free India supported by the Axis powers. The aim of the proposed paper is to provide characteristics of his thought concerning national and social Joanna ANTONIAK liberation of India and its’ evolution through the
NICOLAUS COPERNICUS UNIVERSITY IN TORUŃ years. The material analysed in order to deliver (Toruń/Poland) conclusions, will be mainly provided by Bose’s own [email protected] autobiographical narrative covering the period Does Independence Equal Freedom? between 1920 and 1942, and supported by his The Motif of Independence articles and speeches. The analysed material will in M.G. Vassanji’s No New Land (1991) be presented in a wider perspective of nationalist
currents in British India (i.e. svaraj movement, For the citizens of the colonies or those deprived Indian nationalism, Hindu nationalism and Muslim of their own country, the moment of gaining Indian Nationalism). independence is seen as a glorious and important
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Daniela SPINA
Centre for Comparative Studies Faculty of Arts UNIVERSITY OF LISBON (Lisbon/Portugal) [email protected]
Repressing Satyhagraha, Representing Satyhagrahis: Violence and Non-violence in a Novel by Goan Writer Orlando da Costa
The enduring Portuguese rule in Goa, Daman and Diu (1505–1961) was the final colonial rule to be overthrown in India. The idea of soft colonialism, spread by the Portuguese propaganda during the Estado Novo – António de Oliveira Salazar’s dictatorship (1933–1974) –, enabled representations of the liberation of Goa by the Indian Union army, in 1961, as an invasion, an action of force and violence towards a people who identified themselves as a part of a great Portuguese nation. Goan freedom fighters narratives disprove this vision and enable us to rethink the Goan freedom struggle as an authentic moment of taking a stance against the colonial power of Portugal. The aim of this paper is to revisit the repression of the first satyhagraha – a non-violent protest inspired by Gandhi – in Goa, in 1946, through a reading of the novel O Último Olhar de Manú Miranda [The Last Gaze of Manú Miranda], by Goan writer Orlando da Costa (2000). The author represents the violence against thousands of satyhagrahis – the non-violent dissidents – through the perspective of Manú Miranda, a young Goan in the middle of an identity crisis, due to his condition as colonial subject.
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life of Polish emigrants in such a unique place PANEL 14 as Palestine provides an exceptionally interesting panorama of ethnic and religious problems Spheres of Freedom (concerning Christianity, Judaism and Islam). and Oppression between In Palestine, Polish refugees were extremely active Orient and Polish Literature in publishing and writing. This resulted in a vast wealth of fiction and travel literature. The aim of this paper will be to present the literary output of Polish refugees, particularly works pertaining to the Orient.
Dr. Hab. Elżbieta KOSSEWSKA Prof. Michał KURAN
UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) Institute of Polish Philology [email protected] Faculty of Philology UNIVERSITY OF LODZ (Łódź/Poland) Orientalizm w literaturze polskich [email protected]
uchodźców w Palestynie Obraz niewoli turecko-tatarskiej Palestyna zajmowała wyjątkowe miejsce w życiu w literaturze polskiej wieków XVI i XVII Polaków. Była jednym z największych i ważniejszych – propaganda i stereotypy centrów życia cywilnego i wojskowego polskiego Celem referatu jest ukazanie środków perswazji, jakie wychodźstwa na Bliskim Wschodzie w czasie (1939– wykorzystywano w staropolskiej publicystyce 1948). Światy zasiedziałych mieszkańców Palestyny, antytureckiej wieków XVI i XVII, by zachęcić zwłaszcza tych pochodzących z Polski, i polskich społeczeństwo do udziału w międzynarodowych uchodźców wzajemnie się przenikały w przestrzeni krucjatach antytureckich, jak i zachęcić do walki politycznej, kulturalnej i społecznej. Życie w obronie terenów zagrożonych najazdami wychodźstwa polskiego, w szczególnym miejscu tatarskimi. Konstruując argumenty, publicyści jakim jest Palestyna, daje wyjątkowo interesującą i pisarze odwoływali się do stereotypowego obrazu panoramę problemów etnicznych i religijnych niewoli, jaki w tej literaturze się uformował. Referat (chrześcijaństwa, judaizmu i islamu). W Palestynie ma ukazać przykładowe argumenty wykorzystujące polscy uchodźcy prowadzili niezwykle aktywną stereotypowe ujęcie obrazu niewoli. Pochodzą one działalność wydawniczą i pisarską. Powstała bogata zarówno z tekstów mówiących o porywaniu literatura piękna i podróżnicza. Celem referatu będzie do niewoli, jak i z relacji zbiegłych niewolników, przedstawienie dorobku literackiego polskich a także pisanych z politycznych pobudek. Mowa uchodźców, w szczególności tego odnoszącego będzie o obrazie uformowanym między innymi się do Orientu. w twórczości Stanisława Orzechowskiego, Bartosza Paprockiego, Marcina Paszkowskiego. Orientalism in the Literature of Polish Refugees in Palestine The Image of Turkish-Tatar Slavery in the
th th Palestine occupied a unique place in the life of Poles. Polish Literature of the 16th and the 17th It was one of the largest and most important centres Centuries – Propaganda and Stereotypes of civil and military life for displaced Poles in the The purpose of the paper is to show the means Middle East during the period from 1939 to 1948. of persuasion used in the old Polish anti-Turkish The worlds of settled Palestinians, especially those journalism of the 16th and the 17th centuries, from Poland, and Polish refugees permeated each to encourage society to participate in international other in the political, cultural and social spheres. The anti-Turkish crusades, and also to encourage to fight
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in the name of defending threatened by Tatar pod przymusem z plemionami kaukaskimi). incursions lands. In creating the arguments Gruntownie poznał kulturę Gruzji i Dagestanu, publicists and writers referred to the stereotypical w tym świat kaukaskiego islamu. Na wygnaniu uczył image of slavery, which had been formed in this się miejscowych języków, dobrze opanował język literature. The paper presents examples of arguments tatarski. Jego Szkice Kaukazu (Warszawa 1859) using stereotypical view of the image of slavery. They to ciekawe studium poznawcze ukazujące świat are derived from both texts about kidnapping kaukaskiego Orientu uwikłanego w zmagania for enslavement, as well as relations of escaped z rosyjskim najeźdźcą. slaves, and also relations written of political motives. The paper presents image formed, i. a. in the works Polish Caucasian „orientalia”. The Exile of Stanisław Orzechowski, Bartosz Paprocki and Prose of Michał Andrzejkowicz-Butowt Marcin Paszkowski. Caucasian “orientalia” are the plot of the Polish
19th-century exile literature – interesting and undiscovered until now. The subject of the statement
will be the oriental plots in the prose of the Polish Dr. Renata GADAMSKA-SERAFIN exile to the Caucasus: Michał Andrzejkowicz-Butowt, Faculty of Polish Studies the graduate of the Vilnius University and the JAGIELLONIAN UNIVERSITY (Kraków/Poland) [email protected] member of the Szymon Konarski’s conspiracy,
banished to Caucasus „w sołdaty” by the Russian Polskie orientalia kaukaskie. Emperor’s verdict of guilty in the eighteen thirties. Proza zesłańcza Michała Andrzejkowicza-Butowta Andrzejkowicz has spent in Caucasus mountains as many as 18 years (as a soldier lighting, under Orientalia kaukaskie stanowią ciekawy i nieodkryty compulsion, with the Caucasian tribes). At that time do tej pory wątek literatury polskiej XIX wieku. he got to know the culture of Georgia and Dagestan Przedmiotem wystąpienia będą wątki orientalne thoroughly, also the Caucasian Islam’s world. On the zawarte w prozie polskiego zesłańca na Kaukaz – exile he had been studying the local languages and he Michała Andrzejkowicza-Butowta, absolwenta learnt to speak Tatar well. His Szkice Kaukazu Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego, uczestnika spisku (Warsaw 1859) is an interesting study showing the Szymona Konarskiego, zesłanego wyrokiem carskim world of the Caucasian Orient embroiled in the war „w sołdaty” w latach 30. XIX wieku. Andrzejkowicz with the Russian invader. spędził na Kaukazie aż 18 lat (jako żołnierz walczący
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PANEL 15
Marco MEDUGNO
Different Perspectives NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY (Newcastle/UK) [email protected] of Freedom and Oppression (2) Questioning Oppression and Freedom: a New Perspective on J.M. Coetzee’s Life & Time of Michael K.
This paper aims to explore how the challenging notions of freedom and oppression are represented in J.M. Coetzee’s Life & Time of Michael K. (1983). Dr. Viktoria PÖTZL By focusing on the concept of “personaggio assoluto”
INDEPENDENT SCHOLAR (Austria) (absolute character), developed by scholar Enrico [email protected] Testa (2009), this lecture suggests a revisited
From Pan-Asianism to Safari-Zionism: perspective on the novel, thus showing how the Gender and Orientalism protagonist may be considered – paradoxically – in Jewish-Austrian Literature as both the embodiment of oppression and, at the
same time, the personification of freedom. These two The picture of “the Orient” is a discursively produced coexisting and antithetical elements find a place image, reproduced through language and thus in the novel in the depiction of the rebellion and analysed here through literature. Like gender, “the alienation of the protagonist, but also the portrayal Orient” serves as a category of analysis throughout of the serene relationship between Michael K. and this study. Following Said, I use the term “Orient” nature. Therefore, this lecture aims to study the to refer to a violent discursive praxis and a construct different layers in which the novel displays both in desperate need of deconstruction. I analyse how oppression and, at the same time, freedom according “the Orient” served and still serves as an opposition to the different perspectives in which the protagonist to the global North/West. Taking into account early may be analysed. The dystopian South Africa’s critiques of Said’s Orientalism (Al-Azm 1981) as well background in which the novel is set, characterised as queer and feminist critiques (Hastings 1992, by internal displacements of people and refugee Yeğenoğlu 1998, Abu-Lughod 2001), this paper camps, raises universal questions about belonging probes representations of Palestine and individuality that result still predominant and in Jewish-Austrian literature and analyses the unsolved in the present-day global context influence of (gendered) Zionist narratives. My of migration. presentation discusses Moshe Ya’akov Ben-Gavriêl texts Jerusalem wird verkauft oder Gold auf der Straße: Ein Tatsachenroman (Tagebuch 1917), as well as Die Pforte des Ostens (1923). I highlight the impact Paulina STANIK of the rise of antisemitism and nationalisms in the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy on (Zionist) UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) [email protected] Jewish-Austrian thought. My main argument is that of a return of the Palestinian Subject and The Experience of Polish World War II a decolonization in Jewish-Austrian Literature, Soldiers and Refugees in the Orient: as opposed to violent non-representations and the act of Singing as an Escape to Freedom misrepresentations. World War II saw thousands of Poles exiled to Siberia where they were to spend long months struggling
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for survival. Among them, were the future soldiers Escaping to and from Orientalism: of the II Polish Corps who travelled across the Middle “The Count of Monte Cristo” East and North Africa as well as women and children and its Adaptations who found a welcoming home in India. All of them The aim of this paper is to investigate how Alexandre experienced previously unknown landscapes which Dumas’ The Count of Monte Cristo (1844) employs were supposed to be only stops on their way back elements of Mediterranean culture to shape Edmond to an independent country. Along that way, Dantes’ identity. Through making him into a an avid surrounded by the unfamiliar, they sang and the act orient-ethusiast, the book explains his morally gray of doing so seemed powerfully liberating. In this actions and allows him to exact his revenge without study I analyze excerpts from selected World War II labeling him as a villain. The oriental subplot in the memoirs which concern the act of singing and book also introduces characters such as Ali and present that practice as one having more than Haydee, who both reinforce Dantes’ own belief that an entertaining value. he is, in fact, a good man. Interestingly, both characters are absent from American movie adaptations of the novel, and from the musical Der
Graf der Monte Cristo (2009), showing that Maria SZAFRAŃSKA-CHMIELARZ orientalism has morphed from an idea to which one Institute of English Studies can escape to, into a trope that the authors escape UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW (Warsaw/Poland) [email protected] from, trying to shape Dumas’ character into a purely European vigilante, instead of a morally ambiguous character who abandons his French nationality.
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