Rick A. Adams · Scott C. Pedersen Editors Bat Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation Bat Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation Rick A. Adams • Scott C. Pedersen Editors Bat Evolution, Ecology, and Conservation Editors Rick A. Adams Scott C. Pedersen School of Biological Sciences Department of Biology and Microbiology University of Northern Colorado South Dakota State University Greeley , CO , USA Brookings , SD , USA ISBN 978-1-4614-7396-1 ISBN 978-1-4614-7397-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-7397-8 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013943698 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013 This work is subject to copyright. 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Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) This book is dedicated to our fallen colleagues Elizabeth Kalko, Dave Redell, and Björn Siemers and to Tom Kunz with wishes for a full recovery Pref ace Recent advances in the study of bats have changed the way we understand this elusive group of mammals. This volume consists of 25 chapters by 57 authors from around the globe covering the most recent fi ndings on the evolution, ecology, and conservation of bats. The chapters in this book are not intended to be exhaustive literature reviews but instead extended manuscripts that bring new and fresh per- spectives. Many chapters provide new insights and understanding in bat evolution, ecology, and conservation. All chapters were peer reviewed and revised by the authors. Many of the chapters are multiauthored to provide comprehensive and authoritative coverage of the topics. The book is organized into three sections: Evolutionary Patterns (Chaps. 1 – 7 ), Ecology and Behavior (Chaps. 8 – 16 ), and Conservation and Education (Chaps. 17 – 25 ). Each section is not only diverse topically but also integrative with other chapters in that section. Some chapters provide new and unpublished data for con- sideration, whereas others provide historical, present, and future perspectives. This volume provides novel approaches to old questions as well as new ways of under- standing the complex world of bats. New perspectives are provided on many aspects of bat biology, evolution, morphology, development, natural history, cognition and behavior, emotions, formation fl ight, migration, dispersal to islands, emerging viruses, white-nose syndrome, speciation, bats and the human dimension, educa- tional and conservation challenges, global monitoring, economic value, and the state of global bat populations. This book will be of interest to students, professional biologists, wildlife manag- ers, conservationists, educators, environmental consultants, and anyone else inter- ested in the broad and rich array of topics brought up to date in this volume. vii Contents Part I Evolutionary Patterns 1 How to Grow a Bat Wing ....................................................................... 3 Lisa Noelle Cooper and Karen E. Sears 2 Time’s Arrow in the Evolutionary Development of Bat Flight ........... 21 Rick A. Adams and Jason B. Shaw 3 Evolution of Echolocation ...................................................................... 47 M. Brock Fenton 4 Nasal-Emission and Nose leaves ............................................................ 71 Scott C. Pedersen and Rolf Müller 5 Bat Facial and Lip Projections: Unique Integumentary Morphology ............................................................................................. 93 Gary G. Kwiecinski, James D. German, and J. Timothy Cannon 6 Bat Molecular Phylogenetics: Past, Present, and Future Directions ............................................................................. 111 Ronald A.Van Den Bussche and Justin B. Lack 7 Of Bats and Molecules: Chromosomal Characters for Judging Phylogenetic Relationships ..................................................................... 129 Marianne Volleth Part II Ecology and Behaviour 8 Aeroecology.............................................................................................. 149 Winifred F. Frick, Phillip B. Chilson, Nathan W. Fuller, Eli S. Bridge, and Thomas H. Kunz ix x Contents 9 Response of Bat Diversity to Forest Disturbance in Southeast Asia: Insights from Long-Term Research in Malaysia ............................................................................................... 169 Tigga Kingston 10 Modeling the Colonization of Hawaii by Hoary Bats (Lasiurus cinereus) .................................................................................. 187 Frank J. Bonaccorso and Liam P. McGuire 11 Learning and Memory in Bats: A Case Study on Object Discrimination in Flower-Visiting Bats ................................................. 207 Georgina Ross and Marc W. Holderied 12 Cooperation and Confl ict in the Social Lives of Bats .......................... 225 Gerald G. Carter and Gerald S. Wilkinson 13 Decision-Making and Socioemotional Vocal Behavior in Bats ........... 243 Jagmeet S. Kanwal, Zhenzhen Zhang, and Jiang Feng 14 New Advances in the Study of Group Behavior in Bats ...................... 271 Nickolay I. Hristov, Louise C. Allen, and Brad A. Chadwell 15 Recent Advances in Bat Migration Research ....................................... 293 Jennifer J. Krauel and Gary F. McCracken 16 Speciation Dynamics of the Fruit-Eating Bats (Genus Artibeus): With Evidence of Ecological Divergence in Central American Populations .............................................................................................. 315 Peter A. Larsen, María R. Marchán-Rivadeneira, and Robert J. Baker Part III Conservation and Education 17 Considering Human Development, Socialization, and Enculturation in Educational Intervention Design for Wildlife Conservation: A Case for Bats .......................................... 343 Sarah M. Bexell and Rui Xi Feng 18 Threats to Bats and Educational Challenges ........................................ 363 Merlin D. Tuttle 19 Virology and Immunology of Bats ......................................................... 393 Tony Schountz 20 White-Nose Syndrome: A Deadly Emerging Infectious Disease of Hibernating Bats ................................................................... 413 DeeAnn M. Reeder and Marianne S. Moore 21 Impacts of Wind Energy Development on Bats: Implications for Conservation ............................................................... 435 Edward B. Arnett and Erin F. Baerwald Contents xi 22 Responses of Bats to Climate Change: Learning from the Past and Predicting the Future .............................................. 457 Gareth Jones and Hugo Rebelo 23 Challenges of Using Bioacoustics to Globally Monitor Bats ............... 479 Charlotte L. Walters, Alanna Collen, Tim Lucas, Kim Mroz, Catherine A. Sayer, and Kate E. Jones 24 On Estimating the Economic Value of Insectivorous Bats: Prospects and Priorities for Biologists .................................................. 501 Justin G. Boyles, Catherine L. Sole, Paul M. Cryan, and Gary F. McCracken 25 Bat Conservation: Past, Present and Future ........................................ 517 Paul A. Racey Taxonomy Index .............................................................................................. 533 Keyword Index ................................................................................................ 537 C ontributors Rick A. Adams School of Biological Sciences, University of Northern Colorado , Greeley , CO , USA Louise C. Allen Winston-Salem State University, Center for Design Innovation , Winston-Salem , NC , USA Edward B. Arnett Theodore Roosevelt Conservation Partnership, Loveland, CO, USA Erin F. Baerwald Department of Biological Sciences , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada Robert J. Baker Department of Biological Sciences , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , TX , USA Sarah M. Bexell Chengdu Research Base