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Porównanie Zgrupowań Kózkowatych (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Wybranych Rezerwatów Przyrody I Obszarów Niechronionych Województwa Śląskiego

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Porównanie Zgrupowań Kózkowatych (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Wybranych Rezerwatów Przyrody I Obszarów Niechronionych Województwa Śląskiego Title: Porównanie zgrupowań kózkowatych (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) wybranych rezerwatów przyrody i obszarów niechronionych województwa śląskiego Author: Lech Miłosz Karpiński Citation style: Karpiński Lech Miłosz. (2017). Porównanie zgrupowań kózkowatych (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) wybranych rezerwatów przyrody i obszarów niechronionych województwa śląskiego. Praca doktorska. Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski KATEDRA ZOOLOGII Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach LECH MIŁOSZ KARPIŃSKI PORÓWNANIE ZGRUPOWAŃ KÓZKOWATYCH (COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE) WYBRANYCH REZERWATÓW PRZYRODY I OBSZARÓW NIECHRONIONYCH WOJEWÓDZTWA ŚLĄSKIEGO Rozprawa doktorska wykonana pod kierunkiem prof. dr. hab. Piotra Węgierka KATOWICE 2017 - 1 - Serdecznie dziękuję mojemu Promotorowi Panu prof. dr. hab. Piotrowi Węgierkowi za wsparcie w czasie przygotowywania niniejszej pracy, Panom Profesorom: Jerzemu Gutowskiemu, Aleksandrowi Herczkowi i Dariuszowi Tarnawskiemu za pomoc merytoryczną okazaną na różnych etapach powstawania dysertacji, Pani dr hab. Annie Orczewskiej oraz serdecznemu Koledze Wojciechowi Szczepańskiemu za współpracę w badaniach terenowych, Panu Wiesławowi Szczepańskiemu za udzielone informacje, a także wszystkim Koleżankom i Kolegom z Katedry Zoologii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach … Spis treści 1. Wstęp .............................................................................................................................................. - 5 - 2. Teren badań .................................................................................................................................... - 9 - 2.1. Rozmieszczenie obszarów badawczych ................................................................................... - 9 - 2.2. Charakterystyka obszarów badawczych ................................................................................ - 14 - 3. Materiał ......................................................................................................................................... - 33 - 3.1. Charakterystyka badanej grupy – Cerambycidae Latreille, 1802 ........................................... - 33 - 3.2. Rola martwego drewna w ekosystemach leśnych ................................................................. - 35 - 3.3. Czynniki wpływające na bioróżnorodność chrząszczy saproksylicznych ............................... - 37 - 4. Metody .......................................................................................................................................... - 39 - 4.1. Badania zgrupowań kózkowatych .......................................................................................... - 39 - 4.2. Ocena miąższości i jakości martwego drewna ....................................................................... - 43 - 4.3. Metody opracowania wyników .............................................................................................. - 44 - 4.3.1. Analiza jakościowa .......................................................................................................... - 44 - 4.3.2. Analiza ilościowa ............................................................................................................. - 44 - 4.3.3. Dominacja osobnicza ...................................................................................................... - 45 - 4.3.4. Analiza fenologiczna ........................................................................................................ - 45 - 4.3.5. Analiza spektrum troficznego ......................................................................................... - 46 - 4.3.6. Analiza chorologiczna ...................................................................................................... - 47 - 4.3.7. Różnorodność gatunkowa obszarów badawczych .......................................................... - 48 - 4.3.8. Waloryzacja obszarów badawczych ................................................................................ - 50 - 4.3.9. Podobieństwa faunistyczne zgrupowań ......................................................................... - 51 - 4.3.10. Ocena skuteczności metod badawczych ....................................................................... - 52 - 4.3.11. Analiza ilości i jakości martwego drewna ...................................................................... - 52 - 4.3.12. Analiza korelacji różnorodności biologicznej i miąższości martwego drewna .............. - 52 - 4.3.13. Analiza korelacji bogactwa gatunkowego i wielkości obszaru ...................................... - 52 - 4.3.14. Analiza korelacji bogactwa gatunkowego i różnorodności siedliskowych typów lasu . - 53 - 4.3.15. Analiza korelacji bogactwa gatunkowego i izolacji obszaru ......................................... - 53 - 5. Wyniki ............................................................................................................................................ - 55 - 5.1. Zgrupowania kózkowatych poszczególnych obszarów badań ............................................... - 55 - 5.1.1. Rezerwat Babczyna Dolina (B1) oraz obszar porównywany B2 ...................................... - 55 - 5.1.2. Rezerwat Dębowa Góra (D1) oraz obszar porównywany D2 .......................................... - 55 - 5.1.3. Rezerwat Hubert (H1) oraz obszar porównywany H2 ..................................................... - 56 - 5.1.4. Rezerwat Lężczok (Ł1) oraz obszar porównywany sieci Natura 2000 (Ł2) ...................... - 56 - 5.1.5. Rezerwat Las Murckowski (M1) oraz obszar porównywany (M2) .................................. - 56 - - 3 - 5.1.6. Rezerwat Modrzewiowa Góra (MG1) oraz obszar porównywany (MG2) ....................... - 56 - 5.1.7. Rezerwat Segiet (S1) oraz obszar porównywany (S2) ..................................................... - 57 - 5.2. Analiza fenologiczna ............................................................................................................... - 57 - 5.3. Analiza spektrum troficznego ................................................................................................ - 58 - 5.4. Analiza chorologiczna ............................................................................................................. - 58 - 5.5. Różnorodność biologiczna obszarów ..................................................................................... - 59 - 5.6. Waloryzacja obszarów badawczych ....................................................................................... - 62 - 5.7. Podobieństwa zgrupowań kózkowatych poszczególnych obszarów badawczych................. - 62 - 5.7.1. Aglomeracja .................................................................................................................... - 62 - 5.7.2. Analiza składowych głównych (PCA) ............................................................................... - 63 - 5.8. Skuteczność metod ................................................................................................................ - 63 - 5.9. Analiza martwego drewna ..................................................................................................... - 70 - 5.10. Analizy zależności różnorodności biologicznej od poszczególnych czynników biotycznych i abiotycznych ................................................................................................................................. - 70 - 5.10.1. Analiza korelacji różnorodności biologicznej i miąższości martwego drewna .............. - 70 - 5.10.2. Analiza korelacji bogactwa gatunkowego i wielkości obszaru ...................................... - 71 - 5.10.3. Analiza korelacji bogactwa gatunkowego i różnorodności siedliskowych typów lasu . - 71 - 5.10.4. Analiza korelacji bogactwa gatunkowego i izolacji obszaru ......................................... - 71 - 6. Przegląd wybranych gatunków ..................................................................................................... - 80 - 7. Dyskusja ...................................................................................................................................... - 101 - 7.1. Omówienie metod badawczych ........................................................................................... - 101 - 7.2. Weryfikacja hipotez badawczych ......................................................................................... - 103 - 7.3. Porównanie warunków środowiskowych w poszczególnych parach obszarów .................. - 105 - 7.4. Docelowe miąższości martwego drewna ............................................................................. - 114 - 7.5. Kózkowate województwa śląskiego – stan poznania i perspektywy badań ........................ - 117 - 8. Podsumowanie wyników ............................................................................................................ - 120 - 9. Wnioski ........................................................................................................................................ - 122 - 10. Piśmiennictwo ........................................................................................................................... - 170 - - 4 - 1. WSTĘP Kózkowate (Cerambycidae) to jedna z najliczniejszych rodzin chrząszczy (Coleoptera), w obrębie której opisano ponad 35000 gatunków (Švácha & Lawrence 2014). W Palearktyce odnotowano występowanie około 2800, zaś w Europie ponad 600 gatunków (Gutowski 2004a, Althoff & Danilevsky 1997). W Polsce stwierdzono jak dotąd występowanie 192 gatunków (Gutowski et al. 2012), co stanowi blisko
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