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Longicornes De France – Atlas Préliminaire (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae & Vesperidae)

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Longicornes De France – Atlas Préliminaire (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae & Vesperidae) Longicornes de France – Atlas préliminaire (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae & Vesperidae) Julien TOUROULT, Valentina CIMA, Hervé BOUYON, Christophe HANOT, Arnaud HORELLOU & Hervé BRUSTEL Julien TOUROULT UMS PatriNat (AFB, CNRS, MNHN), case postale 41, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 [email protected] Valentina CIMA UMS PatriNat (AFB, CNRS, MNHN), case postale 41, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 [email protected] Hervé BOUYON Président d’ACOREP-France 73 avenue Joffre F-92250 La Garenne-Colombes [email protected] Christophe HANOT UMR 8079 UPSud - CNRS - AgroParisTech « Écologie, Systématique et Évolution » rue du Doyen André Guinier F-91400 Orsay [email protected] Arnaud HORELLOU UMS PatriNat (AFB, CNRS, MNHN), case postale 41, 57 rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris cedex 05 [email protected] Hervé BRUSTEL Université de Toulouse, École d’Ingénieurs de Purpan, UMR INRA/INPT 1201 « Dynamique et écologie des paysages agriforestiers », 75 voie du Toec, boîte postale 57611, F-31076 Toulouse cedex 3 [email protected] Citation conseillée : TOUROULT J., CIMA V., BOUYON H., HANOT C., HORELLOU A. & BRUSTEL H. 2019. Longicornes de France – Atlas préliminaire (Coleoptera : Cerambycidae & Vesperidae). Supplément au bulletin d’ACOREP-France, Paris. 176 p. 1 Résumé. Cet ouvrage présente la distribution commentée des 250 espèces de longicornes de France métropolitaine (avec la Corse), pour la période 1970-2018. L’atlas est fondé sur la compilation et la synthèse de 137 000 données partagées dans l’inventaire national du patrimoine naturel (INPN-SINP1), issues de 395 jeux de données et des citations d’environ 3 500 observateurs. Après validation des données et suppression des doublons, 102 300 données ont servi à établir les cartes de distribution par maille 10 x 10 km et les histogrammes de saisonnalité par décade pour les 81 Cerambycinae, 83 Lamiinae, 63 Lepturinae, 2 Necydalinae, 5 Prioninae, 12 Spondylidinae et 4 Vesperidae. Cette compilation montre que la prospection n’est pas régulière et ne couvre pas toutes les mailles. Afin d’inciter à de nouvelles prospections et de mieux illustrer la répartition probable des espèces, une modélisation de niche a été utilisée pour estimer la distribution potentielle : 149 cartes sont issues de cette approche par modélisation. L’approche utilise 5 techniques de modélisation pour obtenir un modèle d’ensemble « consensus ». Les patrons de connaissance, de diversité et de phénologie sont illustrés par 10 cartes et graphiques de synthèse. Les secteurs les mieux connus concernent les reliefs (Alpes, Pyrénées, Jura et dans une moindre mesure les Vosges et le Massif central), toute la zone méditerranéenne continentale, le Bassin parisien et le Massif armoricain. À l’inverse, la Corse, la façade ouest/centre- ouest, les plaines du nord/nord-est disposent de moins de données. En termes de diversité, la synthèse montre un fort gradient décroissant entre le sud-est et le nord-ouest, avec des richesses par département allant de plus de 150 espèces à seulement 40 espèces. En termes de composition faunistique, deux grands ensembles se distinguent : les zones à fonds de faune méridionale, qui remontent jusqu’à la Bretagne, et les zones nord et de montagne, à fonds de faune froide. En termes de saisonnalité, la majorité des observations et de la diversité spécifique est concentrée entre le 10 mai et le 10 juillet. Enfin, des conseils sont fournis pour contribuer à la connaissance des longicornes, notamment sur les techniques d’observation et les pratiques de saisie et de gestion des données. L’amélioration des connaissances devra notamment passer par une meilleure informatisation des observations. Mots-clés : chorologie, biogéographie, phénologie, entomologie, sciences participatives, atlas de répartition, modèle de niche, modèle d’ensemble, sylvoécorégion, coléoptères saproxyliques, espèce introduite Abstract. Preliminary distribution atlas of the longhorned beetles of France (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae and Vesperidae). This book presents the annotated distribution of the 250 species of longhorned beetles in continental France and Corsica for the period 1970-2018. The atlas is based on a compilation and synthesis of 137,000 data shared in the French Nature and Landscape Information System, from 395 data sets and about 3,500 observers. After validation of the data and removal of duplicates, 102,300 data points were used to produce 10x10 km grid distribution maps and seasonality histograms per decade for the 81 Cerambycinae, 83 Lamiinae, 63 Lepturinae, 2 Necydalinae, 5 Prioninae, 12 Spondylidinae and 4 Vesperidae. This compilation shows that field surveys are not regular and do not cover all the grids. In order to encourage new surveys and better illustrate the likely distribution of species, niche modelling was used to estimate the potential distribution: 149 maps were derived from this modelling approach. The approach uses 5 modelling techniques to obtain an overall "consensus" model. The patterns of field survey effort, diversity and phenology are illustrated by 10 synthetic maps and graphs. The best-known sectors are the mountains (Alps, Pyrenees, Jura and to a lesser extent the Vosges and Massif Central), the entire continental Mediterranean area, the Paris Basin and the Armorican Massif. On the other hand, Corsica, the western/central-western facade, and the northern/northeastern plains have less data. In terms of diversity, the synthesis shows a strong gradient between the northwest and southeast, with departmental species richness ranging from from only 40 species to over 150 species. In terms of faunal composition, two main clusters stand out: areas with a southern fauna background, which extend as far north as Brittany, and northern and mountain areas with a cold fauna background. In terms of seasonality, the majority of observations and species richness are concentrated between May 10 and July 10. Finally, advice is provided on ways to contribute to the knowledge of longhorns, in particular on observation techniques and data recording practices. Improving our knowledge will require, in particular, better digitization of observations. Key-words: chorology, biogeography, phenology, entomology, citizen science, distribution atlas, niche modelling, ensemble modelling, forest, saproxylic beetles, alien species 1 SINP : système d’information sur la nature et les paysages (système d'information sur les inventaires du patrimoine naturel), système visant à favoriser le partage public des données sur la biodiodiversité, dont l’INPN constitue le plateforme nationale. 2 Les longicornes (Cerambycidae et Vesperidae) des données de biodiversité dans le cadre du SINP ont forment un des groupes de coléoptères les plus populaires permis de rendre accessibles de nombreuses données. et les mieux connus, comme l’indiquait COLAS (1974) dans Le but est donc de combler cette lacune au niveau son célèbre « Guide de l’entomologiste ». Ils ont bénéficié national, de diffuser un premier état de connaissances de plusieurs ouvrages nationaux : le tout premier par disponibles pour stimuler le partage des données et les MULSANT (1862), ensuite PLANET (1924) et PICARD (1929), compléments de prospection. complémentaires en termes d’iconographie et Les atlas cartographiques sont naturellement dépassés d’informations biologiques, puis l’ouvrage complet, de avant même leur publication. Celui-ci ne déroge pas à la référence, de VILLIERS en 1978, d’un atlas iconographique règle, avec des données portées à la connaissance des (BIJIAOUI, 1986) et récemment la faune de BERGER (2012) auteurs qui n’ont pu être intégrées aux cartes. Cet atlas qui se présente comme une mise à jour du VILLIERS, s’inscrit dans une démarche itérative, couplant l’état des illustrée en couleur. Cependant, aucun de ces ouvrages ne connaissances disponibles avec une modélisation de la met l’accent sur la distribution des espèces et la distribution potentielle des espèces (TOUROULT et al., biogéographie du groupe. À l’inverse, des ouvrages de 2015). L’atlas préliminaire se veut une étape, visant à grande qualité ont, à l’échelle départementale ou stimuler la recherche de nouvelles stations, la régionale, depuis longtemps proposé des cartes de confirmation des stations connues et le partage des répartition (par exemple, HOLLIGER & BRUSTEL, 1997 ; données d’une manière générale, dans l’optique de mises ROBERT, 1997 ; CHABROL, 2001 et plus récemment ALLEMAND à jour en continu (en ligne, sur le portail de l’INPN et dans et al., 2009 ou GOUVERNEUR & GUÉRARD, 2011). Le les systèmes d'information régionaux), de la publication lancement d’un inventaire national des coléoptères d’un atlas plus abouti (d’ici 5 ans) et par des publications saproxyliques (SAPROX) et le développement du partage périodiques de mise à jour (tous les 10 à 15 ans par exemple). Matériel et méthode Liste de référence utilisée Nous avons maintenu dans la liste Agapanthia irrorata La taxonomie (ou taxinomie, selon les usages) utilisée (Fabricius, 1787) en raison des deux signalements repose entièrement sur le référentiel national TAXREF, confirmant sa présence en Corse-du-Sud (BERGER, 2017). dans sa version 12 (GARGOMINY et al., 2018) disponible en Nous conservons également Opsilia uncinata ligne et mis à jour chaque année. Pour les longicornes, ce (Redtenbacher, 1842), malgré de grandes réserves sur sa référentiel est lui-même fondé sur le Catalogue des présence réelle en France, l’exemplaire français de la coléoptères de France (BERGER & PESLIER in TRONQUET, collection
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