Kózkowate (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Wybranych Obszarów Natura 2000 Górnej Odry

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Kózkowate (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Wybranych Obszarów Natura 2000 Górnej Odry Title: Kózkowate (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) wybranych obszarów Natura 2000 Górnej Odry Author: Wojciech Szczepański Citation style: Szczepański Wojciech. (2017). Kózkowate (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) wybranych obszarów Natura 2000 Górnej Odry. Praca doktorska. Katowice : Uniwersytet Śląski Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach Wydział Biologii i Ochrony Środowiska Katedra Zoologii Wojciech Szczepański Kózkowate (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) wybranych obszarów Natura 2000 Górnej Odry Praca doktorska Praca doktorska wykonana pod kierunkiem prof. dr hab. Aleksandra Herczka Katowice 2017 Serdecznie dziękuję Panu Prof. dr. hab. Aleksandrowi Herczkowi za wszelkie uwagi dotyczące treści i formy niniejszej rozprawy oraz za życzliwość i pomoc podczas jej przygotowywania. Wyrazy wdzięczności kieruję również tacie Wiesławowi Szczepańskiemu za wszechstronne wsparcie zarówno podczas prac terenowych jak i kameralnych. Praca powstała w obecnej formie również dzięki życzliwości wielu osób, dlatego pragnę podziękować: Panom Profesorom: Jerzemu Gutowskiemu, Dariuszowi Tarnawskiemu, Piotrowi Węgierkowi oraz Wacławowi Wojciechowskiemu za kreatywne uwagi dotyczące treści pracy; Panu Profesorowi Jackowi Hilszczańskiemu za oznaczenie gąsieniczników; Panu dr. Jerzemu Paruselowi i Pani mgr Renacie Buli z Centrum Dziedzictwa Przyrody Górnego Śląska za oznaczenie wybranych gatunków roślin naczyniowych zebranych w obszarach badawczych; kolegom Lechowi Karpińskiemu i Dominikowi Jakubowskiemu za wspólne wizyty terenowe; Pani mgr. Agnieszce Bugaj-Nawrockiej za pomoc w metodach statystycznych; Panu Janowi Kierznowskiemu za udostępnienie lokum do badań w Łęgu Zdzieszowickim; Pracownikom Lasów Państwowych, Nadleśnictwa Oława: Panu Tomaszowi Dziergasowi, Panu Sławomirowi Wojtczakowi, Panu Szymonowi Żakowi, Panu Leszkowi Sudołowi, Panu Adamowi Durlejowi i Panu Markowi Bieniowi; Nadleśnictwa Brzeg: Panu Pawłowi Bakowi i Panu Włodzimierzowi Fudalemu; Nadleśnictwa Strzelce Opolskie: Panu Ryszardowi Milerowi; Nadleśnictwa Prószków: Panu Markowi Bocianowskiemu i Panu Lucjanowi Królowi; oraz Nadleśnictwa Rudy Raciborskie: Panu Robertowi Pabianowi; za życzliwość i pomoc podczas badań na terenie ich jurysdykcji. SPIS TREŚCI 1. WSTĘP I CEL BADAŃ............................................................................................................. 8 2. CHARAKTERYSTYKA TERENU BADAŃ.......................................................................... 13 2.1. Ogólna charakterystyka środowiska naturalnego doliny Górnej Odry................................ 14 2.1.1. Położenie geograficzne..............................................................................……… 14 2.1.2. Geologia i morfologia terenu................................................................................. 14 2.1.3. Zróżnicowanie pokrywy glebowej......................................................................... 15 2.1.4. Warunki klimatyczne..................................................................................……... 15 2.1.5. Stosunki wodne...................................................................................................... 17 2.1.6. Flora i fauna.......................................................................................................... 18 2.2. Charakterystyka badanych obszarów Natura 2000.............................................................. 19 2.2.1. Graniczny Meander Odry PLH240013.................................................................. 19 2.2.2. Las koło Tworkowa PLH240040........................................................................... 21 2.2.3. Łęg Zdzieszowicki PLH16001............................................................................... 23 2.2.4. Żywocickie Łęgi PLH160019................................................................................ 25 2.2.5. Rejon Prędocina (Grądy Odrzańskie PLB020002)................................................ 27 2.2.6. Las Odrzański (Grądy w Dolinie Odry PLH020017)............................................ 29 2.2.7. Las Strachociński (Grądy w Dolinie Odry PLH020017)....................................... 33 3. METODYKA BADAŃ............................................................................................................... 36 3.1. Zbieranie i oznaczanie materiału.......................................................................................... 36 3.2. Charakterystyka stosowanych analiz................................................................................... 39 4. WYNIKI BADAŃ....................................................................................................................... 49 4.1. Skład gatunkowy i przegląd wybranych gatunków Cerambycidae...................................... 49 4.2. Rezultaty zastosowania poszczególnych metod wykrywania obecności Cerambycidae..... 75 4.3. Analiza liczebności gatunków.............................................................................................. 77 4.3.1. Obfitość i częstość występowania.......................................................................... 77 4.3.2. Dominacja osobnicza............................................................................................. 79 4.4. Analiza fenologiczna……………….................................................................................... 80 4.5. Analiza chorologiczna ……………..................................................................................... 85 4.5.1. Analiza elementów zoogeograficznych.................................................................. 85 4.5.2. Analiza elementów zasięgowych........................................................................... 87 4.6. Powiązania troficzne Cerambycidae.....................................................................................88 4.6.1. Materiał żywicielski larw....................................................................................... 88 4.6.2. Rośliny pokarmowe imagines................................................................................ 94 4.7. Porównanie zgrupowań Cerambycidae w badanych siedliskach przyrodniczych..............100 4.7.1. Występowanie Cerambycidae w zależności od siedliska przyrodniczego...........100 3 4.7.2. Podobieństwo zgrupowań Cerambycidae……………………………………….. 105 4.7.3. Wskaźniki różnorodności i równomierności gatunkowej Cerambycidae.............. 111 4.7.4. Waloryzacja siedlisk przyrodniczych w oparciu o rzadkie, puszczańskie i stenotopowe gatunki Cerambycidae.................................................................... 113 4.8. Porównanie składu gatunkowego Cerambycidae badanych obszarów Natura 2000........... 114 4.8.1. Podobieństwo zgrupowań Cerambycidae.............................................................. 115 4.8.2. Wskaźniki różnorodności i równomierności gatunkowej Cerambycidae.............. 117 4.8.3. Waloryzacja badanych obszarów w oparciu o rzadkie, puszczańskie i stenotopowe gatunki Cerambycidae…………………........................................ 119 5. DYSKUSJA................................................................................................................................. 121 5.1. Ogólna ocena przydatności zastosowanych metod wykrywania obecności Cerambycidae. 121 5.2. Preferencje siedliskowe oraz baza pokarmowa Cerambycidae............................................ 122 5.3. Ocena biotycznych czynników wpływających na występowanie Cerambycidae w lasach łęgowych………………………………………………………………………... 130 5.4. Charakterystyka fenologiczna…………………………………………………………….. 132 5.5. Charakterystyka chorologiczna………………………………………………………........ 136 5.6. Ocena różnorodności Cerambycidae badanych obszarów na tle czynników na nią wpływających....................................................................................................................... 137 6. PODSUMOWANIE I WNIOSKI............................................................................................. 147 7. PIŚMIENNICTWO.................................................................................................................... 149 8. ANEKS I – TABELE................................................................................................................. 166 4 SPIS TABEL Tab. 1. Zestawienie powierzchni badanych obszarów oraz powierzchniowego udziału głównych siedlisk przyrodniczych. STRONA 21 Tab. 2. Udział faz rozwojowych drzewostanów w poszczególnych obszarach badawczych. STRONA 25 Tab. 3. Udział miąższościowy gatunków drzew (rodzajów) w poszczególnych obszarach badawczych (źródło: SILP). STRONA 34 Tab. 4. Systematyczna lista kózkowatych Cerambycidae zebranych w latach 2013-2016 w obszarach badawczych. Zastosowane skróty i symbole: GMO – Graniczny Meander Odry; LkT – Las koło Tworkowa; ŁZ – Łęg Zdzieszowicki; ŻŁ – Żywocickie Łęgi; PR – rejon Prędocina; LO – Las Odrzański; LS – Las Strachociński; ○ – gatunek stwierdzony tylko na podstawie stadiów preimaginalnych; ● – gatunek stwierdzony na podstawie imagines; ▲ – starsze dane literaturowe (STROJNY 1974, KRUSZELNICKI & SZCZEPAŃSKI 2003); ■ – aktualne dane literaturowe (SZCZEPAŃSKI i in. w druku); Waloryzacja gatunków: Sy – synantropijny; R – rzadki; P – puszczański; § - gatunek chroniony; VU, CR... – kategorie zagrożenia na czerwonej liście… (PAWŁOWSKI i in. 2002); * - czerwona księga zwierząt… (GŁOWACIŃSKI & NOWACKI 2004); stopień przywiązania do środowiska: E – gatunek eurytopowy; S – gatunek stenotopowy. ANEKS I Tab. 5. Zestawienie liczebności poszczególnych gatunków Cerambycidae w Granicznym Meandrze Odry; skróty:
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