The Church Herald Saint Nicholas Orthodox Church 2053 North Road, NE Warren, OH 44483 Church Phone: (330) 372-6240 Rectory Phone: (330) 372-9778 Pastor: the Very Rev
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The Church Herald Saint Nicholas Orthodox Church 2053 North Road, NE Warren, OH 44483 Church Phone: (330) 372-6240 Rectory Phone: (330) 372-9778 Pastor: The Very Rev. Protopresbyter Kenneth M. Bachofsky, D. Min. Email: [email protected]—Parish Web Page: www.stnicholaswarren.org Volume 34 October 28, 2018 Number 45 The Meaning of Liturgical Vestments The Divine Liturgy that we celebrate today “As often as a bishop takes of the sacred did not come into existence overnight but is the mysteries, let the deacons and priests be gath- product of centuries of spiritual experience. When ered together, clothed in white robes, more archeologists excavate the ruins of an ancient city, beautiful than those of the rest of the peo- they proceed layer by layer. Sifting through the ple.” (Canon 37). artifacts, they are able to tell who lived in the city, Even at the end of the fourth century, for how long they lived there and when another the Apostolic Constitutions mention that the group took possession of it. In the same way, by bishop who will celebrate the Liturgy should be examining the Divine Liturgy in its present form, dressed in “splendid raiment.” The Greek we can see the contributions of the many peole words used here simply refer to the expensive who celebrated it in the past and handed it on to the clothing worn by the upper class members of next generation, leaving their marks for better or society. for worse. The Origin of Vestments In excavating an ancient city, archeologists How then did the current vestments for find artifacts left by the most recent inhabitants clergy originate? Our vestments derive from first, and only after careful digging do they find two sources: the style of clothing worn in the those of the earliest civilizations. In studying the ancient world and garments worn by officials in Divine Liturgy, we also find that the first things the Byzantine Empire. The sticharion or alb, the encountered are often the phelonion (the cape- latest developments. The like vestment worn by vesting of the priest before the priest) and the dal- the celebration of the Lit- matic worn by the dea- urgy was not a part of the con were all a part of ceremony of the earliest the style of clothing Christians but a ritual that worn by people in the developed later. Roman Empire during From the Old Testament the first centuries of to New the Christian era. After the priest has In addition, it entered the Church and would seem that the venerated the Icons and call of Hyppolytus and the Altar, he proceeds to other sources for white put on the vestments for garments to be worn at the celebration of the Liturgy. In the Old Testa- Liturgy is a reference to the chrisom—the Bap- ment, in chapter 28 of the Book of Exodus, the tismal Garments given to the Newly-Baptized. Lord gave Moses instructions on how to make The modern sticharion undoubtedly stems from vestments for Aaron and his sons who were to be this garment, which priests probably wore to priests, “for glory and beauty.” However, the first celebrate the Liturgy as a sign of their baptismal Christian bishops and priests did not assume the union with Christ from which their ministry in vestments of the Hebrew priesthood, since, as the the Church flowed. This baptismal garment was Letter the Hebrews explains, the Old Testament essentially the tunica of the ancient world—the priesthood and sacrifices had given way to the basic garment for men and women. High Priesthood of Jesus Christ and His sacrifice In the sixth century the styles of clothing on the Cross (Hebrews 9:10). Instead, for the first began to change, but the Church, being conser- three centuries of the Church’s existence, the bish- vative, retained the earlier style of dress for her ops, priests and deacons did not wear any special ministers. The priest’s epitrachilion or stole, the vestments, but ordinary clothes, though of finer deacon’s orarion, and the bishop’s omophorion quality than those worn every day. This is all that are all derived from “scarves of office” that can be gathered from the few references to liturgi- were worn by the Emperor and awarded to other cal dress dating form this time period. officials in the Empire, arranged in different The Canons of Hyppolytus, dating from the ways over the shoulder. These served as insig- beginning of the third century, contains this rubric nia of office in the political and social life of the for the celebration of the Eucharist: late Roman Empire. It was not until after the fall of the Byz- antine Empire in 1453 that Orthodox bishops Our Worship Schedule began to wear the mitre or crown. Originally, this was only worn by the Emperor in Constan- Sunday, Oc- tinople. The bishop’s sakkos, the Episcopal outer tober 28th vestment, along with the cuffs—all part of the 9:30 a.m. Emperor’s dress—were adopted at this same The Reading time. Before this Orthodox bishops wore priest of the Third vestments with the omophor over them. After the Hour. Turkish armies took the city of Constantinople in 10:00 1453, the Patriarch became the civil head of the a.m. The Greek-speaking population as well as remaining 22nd Sunday head of the Church. As such, the Patriarchs After Pente- adopted the dress of the Emperor. The belt was a cost, Tone 5. sign of military as opposed to civil office in the (Page ). The Empire. However, because the belt served to M a r t y r s : gather up the loose fitting sticharion, it may have T e r r a n c e , been adopted for more practical reasons than any Neonila, the other. V e n e r a b l e The Meaning of Liturgical Dress J o b o f As liturgical vestments became a part of Pochaev and the spiritual experience of the Church, they were St. Arsenius given a symbolic meaning, often based on events are commemorated. in the life of Christ. The sticharion, for example, Epistle—Galatians 6:11-18 was seen as the seamless robe which Christ wore Gospel—Luke 8:26-39 to His Crucifixion and for which the soldiers gambled. The cuffs were symbols of the Lord’s TUESDAY, OCTOBER 30TH 9:00 A.M. LIT- hands which were bound as He stood before Pi- URGY OF THANKSGIVING FOR THE late. The bishop’s omophorion was seen as a WEEPING ICON AT ST. NICHOLAS symbol of the lost sheep being carried by the CHURCH! Good Shepherd and so forth. The priest’s epitrachil became the symbol of the oil was Wednesday, October 31st 4:00 p.m. The poured over the head of Aaron, when he was Akathist Service to the Theotokos with prayers consecrated, that ran down his beard to the hem for the sick and anointing of the faithful. of his garments. The Orthodox Church, starting from the Book of Revelation, sees Her worship Saturday, October 3rd 4:00 p.m. The Evening as the experience of the worship fo heaven in Vesper Service with Bible Study Class. earthly forms. The vestments of the priest re- mind him and all of the faithful that he is to be Sunday, October 4th 9:30 a.m. The Reading of clothed with the divine grace that will enable the Third Hour. Christ to lead the Church through him. The 10:00 a.m. The 22nd Sunday After Pente- priest, fully vested before the Alter, is no longer cost, Tone 6. (Page ) The Venerable Joannicus an individual, but a sign to all of the “beauty and the Great, Hieromartyrs Nicander and Hermas the glory” that will belong to each of us in the are commemorated. Kingdom of Heaven! Epistle—Ephesians 2:4-10 The Church in the early Middle Ages saw Gospel—Luke 8:41-56 Herself as the New Israel of God and interpreted Her worship as the fulfillment of the forms of the MONDAY, NOVEMBER 5TH 9:30 A.M. A Old Testament. Many people began to interpret LITURGY OF THANKSGIVING: COM- the priest’s vestments as stemming from the MEMORATING THE 40TH ANNIVERSARY clothing of the Levitical priesthood, though, as OF THE ORDINATION OF FATHER KEN TO mentioned already, the early Christians did not THE HOLY PRIESTHOOD! model their vestments after those of the Jewish Temple. WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 7TH 4:00 P.M. Originally, the vestments were put on in THE MAGNIFICANT—FOLLOWED BY silence, but by the late Middle Ages, the service GREAT VESPERS FOR THE FEAST OF THE books began to prescribe various Psalm verses to SYNAXIS OF THE ARCHANGELS! be said as each item was put on. In the 14th cen- tury, Patriarch Philotheos’ Diataxis prescribed THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 8TH 9:00 A.M. the order for putting on the vestments and the THE FEAST OF THE SYNAXIS OF THE Psalm verse to be recited for each garment. This ARCHANGELS MICHAEL, GABRIEL & ALL pattern, with minor variations, was adopted THE HEAVENLY HOSTS! throughout the Orthodox word to this day. EPISTLE—HEBREWS 2:2-10 - Protopresbyter Lawrence Barriger - GOSPEL—LUKE 10:16-21 Saturday, November 10th 4:00 p.m. The Vesper Bon Voyage Party held in honor of Deacon Ed Service followed by Bible Study Class. Brisbine! Faithful are asked to go to the Fellow- ship Hall and find a seat so that we can being the Sunday, November 11th 9:30 a.m. The Reading dinner. After the dinner there will be a Free Will of the Third Hour.