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Assesment of Some Udder and Teat Traits of Honamlı Goats in Terms of Dairy Characters Aykut Asım AKBAŞ1* , Özkan ELMAZ1, Mehmet SARI2, Mustafa SAATCI3

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Assesment of Some Udder and Teat Traits of Honamlı Goats in Terms of Dairy Characters Aykut Asım AKBAŞ1* , Özkan ELMAZ1, Mehmet SARI2, Mustafa SAATCI3 RESEARCH ARTICLE J Res Vet Med. 2019: 38 (2) 57-64 DOI:10.30782/jrvm.645513 Assesment of Some Udder and Teat Traits of Honamlı Goats in Terms of Dairy Characters Aykut Asım AKBAŞ1* , Özkan ELMAZ1, Mehmet SARI2, Mustafa SAATCI3 1Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur 2Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ahi Evran University, Kırşehir 3Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, Muğla Received 04.08.2019 Accepted 20.10.2019 Abstract Study was conducted to evaluate the dairy characters of Honamlı goats by using ADGA scoring system. For this aim, eight Honamlı goat flocks reared under local breeder condition in Antalya and Burdur provinces were used. Five goats from each flock totally 40 goats with the highest score were defined. Some udder and teat characteristics of these goats were determined during six months (March-August). While Honamlı goats would be given in the acceptable category for dairy character with their numerical final scores (70-79); relatively higher values were detected from the flocks in Antalya province than Burdur ones (P<0.05). The udder characteristics increased in April based on course of lactation of Honamlı goats in the best flocks (Antalya province) were determined as follows, udder depth, udder circumference, udder width, teat length, teat diameter, the distance between teats and the distance to floor from the teat 21.73 cm, 46.97 cm, 17.06 cm, 8.05 cm, 3.08 cm, 14.47 cm and 37.22 cm, respectively. It was thought that results of study were important to be an introduction for following studies that is going to be potential goats having dairy characteristics among Honamlı goats. Keywords: goat, Honamlı, udder, teat, dairy character Introduction importance. There are many factors affecting milk yield in goats. These Mankind has been evaluating the milk of goats for approxi- factors involve breed, age, feeding, body structure, live mately 11 thousand years now.1 Having an important place weight, and udder structure.5 In some studies, it is report- in Anatolian cultural and social life, goat breeding also ed that milk yield is affected positively by live weight,6 as takes place on land generally unsuitable for agriculture well as udder and teat characteristics especially in dairy and Livestock.2 Honamlı goats, which are named after the goats.7 Honamlı nomads, are considered as one of a native goat Body sizes that are used for identifying the animals nu- breed that reared for their meat, milk, and wool.3 They of- merically, forming an opinion about their body structure ficially registered by Turkish Ministry of Food, Agriculture and determining their breed characteristics show an al- and Livestock as an orginal goat breed in the year of 2015.4 teration seasonally and are under the effect of factors like Recently, there has been an obvious increase in the de- age, gender, delivery method, genotype and feeding style. mand for goat milk and products in developed and devel- Similarly, the process of determining body sizes which also oping countries due to its nutritional value and economic includes the comparison of breeds and animals from the same breed is important for finding the early selection cri- * Corresponding author: Aykut Asım AKBAŞ Tel: +90248 2132075; fax: +90248 2132000 [email protected] 57 Akbaş et al. 2019 teria for certain yields and improving the animals.8,9 Phe- used to control for significance of differences between sub- notypic evaluations aimed at determining future breeding groups (P<0.05). Therefore, two sample T Test was applied animals in terms of required yields were applied frequent- in order to compare flocks separeted for provinces. ly in the 1960s.10 In addition, a linear scoring system has started to be used since the beginning of the 1980s.11 Linear Results evaluations which contain individual evaluation of animals During stages of determining the herds containing dairy to reveal their yield potential for genetic progress 12 to be animals within the scope of the study, it was observed that conducted with selection enable to reach higher levels of there were animals with many different udder structures heredity compared to subjective evaluation.13 in Honamlı goat flocks reared by the locals, which shows a The aim of the current study was to investigate some udder parallelism with the aforementioned literature. According and teat traits such as udder depth, udder circumference, to the interviews conducted with breeders and the obser- udder width, teat length, teat diameter, distance between vations of the study team, it was suggested that the afore- teats and distance to floor from the teat of Honamlı goats mentioned udder structures could be collected under three in terms of dairy characters. basic categories (Figure 1). In the study, Honamlı goats would be given in the accept- Material and Methods able category for dairy character with their numerical final Animals and Data Collection scores (70-79); relatively higher values were detected from The present study was carried out in Honamlı goat flocks the flocks in Antalya province than Burdur ones (Table 1). reared under local breeder condition in Antalya and Bur- Tables (2-7) show some udder and teat sizes of goats deter- dur provinces. So, no additional care or feeding conditions mined within the scope of the study. Among the relevant were provided to the animals. At the beginning of this characteristics; udder depth, udder circumference and ud- study, a detailed survey was done to determine Honamlı der width of goats in Antalya (first four flocks) and Burdur goats having a different udder structure, deeper chest, long (last four flocks) for March were determined respectively and thin legs and thus, displaying dairy characteristics es- as 21.62 cm, 46.80 cm and 16.95 cm and 21.40 cm, 46.47 pecially in some of the Honamlı goat flocks reared by the cm, and 16.59 cm. The differences between province for local breeder condition. So, the eight Honamlı goat flocks udder measurements (except udder circumference) were were detected and then five goats from each flock totaly 40 significant (P<0.05). Teat length, teat diameter of the de- goats with 2 years old age and having the first pregnancy termined goats, as well as the distance between teats and with the highest score according to the scoring in terms distance from teat to the floor for the same month were of general apperance, dairy character, body capacity and found averagely as 7.94 cm, 2.98 cm, 14.35 cm and 37.30 mammary by applying ADGA score card were defined. cm for the first four flocks. On the other hand, these teat For eliminating and also avoid the potential effects of fac- measurements were found respectively as 7.52 cm, 2.75 tors such as age, lactation period, birth type etc., the goat cm, 14.95 cm, and 37.04 cm for goats in the last four flocks. at the same case were chosen for udder and teat measure- While there were significant differences for teat length and ments. the distance between teats (P<0.05), nonsignificant dif- In the study, some the udder and teat characteristics such ferences were found for the other teat traits (P>0.05). The as udder depth, udder circumference, udder width, teat similar situation for teat traits was appeared in the second length, teat diameter, the distance between teats and the measurement period (April). Values regarding udder and distance to floor from the teat14 of these goats were deter- teat (except for the distance from teat to the floor) which mined during six months (March-August). increased in April depending on the course of lactation be- The study was approved by the Mehmet Akif Ersoy Uni- gan to relatively decrease as from May. For this measure- versity Local Ethics Committee on Animal Experiments ment month and the other ones, The highest values were (26.09.2014, resolution number: 99). observed in the first flock whereas the lowest values were Statistical Analyses observed in the seventh flock. Generally, While the signifi- All statistical analyses were carried out using Minitab 16.1 cant differences were found for udder depth and udder cir- statistical package.15 The normality test was applied to data cumference both flocks in Antalya and the flocks in Burdur and also the coefficient of variation was calculated between (P<0.05) provinces, the significant levels were detected as 18-20. According to that the data were considered having changeable for other traits. Among the aforementioned normal distribution with acceptable heterogeneity. One- flocks; udder depth, udder circumference, udder width, way ANOVA was used to determine the differences be- teat length, teat diameter, the distance between teats, and tween flocks on udder and teat traits. Tukey analysis was distance from teat to the floor in June in the first flock were 58 Akbaş et al. 2019 A B C Figure 1. Udder types in Honamlı goats (A: Funnel; B: Sheep shape udder; C: Too divided) Table 1. Mean scores of goats according to ADGA scoring system 59 Akbaş et al. 2019 Table 2. Udder and teat measurements of goats (March) (cm) ( ± ) Table 3. Udder and teat measurements of goats (April) (cm) ( ± ) 60 Akbaş et al. 2019 Table 4. Udder and teat measurements of goats (May) (cm) ( ± ) Table 5. Udder and teat measurements of goats (June) (cm) ( ± ) 61 Akbaş et al. 2019 Table 6. Udder and teat measurements of goats (July) (cm) ( ± ) Table 7. Udder and teat measurements of goats (August) (cm) ( ± ) 62 Akbaş et al. 2019 determined respectively as 21.12 cm, 46.33 cm, 16.51 cm, were 14.6 cm, 18.8 cm, 46.3 cm, 5.2 cm, 2.2 cm, 15.1 cm, 7.95 cm, 2.88 cm, 13.77 cm and 37.97 cm.
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