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Northeast Swale Document Review and Analysis

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Northeast Swale Document Review and Analysis Comprehending Swale Ecosystems Research Synthesis and Analysis Northern Shrike, Northeast Swale, Saskatoon, SK. Credit: Meghan Mickelson, 2018. Warrick Baijius April 2019 Acknowledgements. This project was supervised by Ryan Walker, Department of Geography and Plan- ning, University of Saskatchewan. Funding for this project was provided by the Global Water Futures Programme. Guidance for the project was provided by an advisory committee including: Louise Jones (Swale Watchers), Brenda Wallace and Genevieve Russell (City of Saskatoon); Renny Grilz (Meewasin Val- ley Authority); Robert Patrick and Graham Strickert (University of Saskatchewan); and Stephanie Merrill and Morgan Braaten (Global Water Futures - University of Saskatchewan). Thanks to Kellie Grant and Amy Wheeler (City of Saskatoon) and Eryn Tomlinson (Meewasin Valley Authority) for their assistance in compiling the documents. The views presented in this report reflect those of the author. Contents Executive Summary1 Introduction8 I Media Scan of `Public Interest' in the Northeast Swale9 1 Search Method 10 2 Results 10 2.1 Thematic keyword descriptions......................... 11 2.2 Tabular Frequency Results............................ 13 II Document Review 15 1 Areas of Interest 16 1.1 Regional Ecology................................. 16 1.2 Meewasin Valley and Local Natural Areas................... 18 1.2.1 Valley Wide................................ 18 1.2.2 St. Joseph's High School......................... 25 1.2.3 Kernen Prairie.............................. 26 1.3 North Sector Development............................ 26 1.3.1 Sector-Wide Studies........................... 26 1.3.2 University Heights (UH) Plans and Studies............... 32 1.4 Small, Northeast, and Greater Swales...................... 40 1.4.1 Saskatoon Natural Grasslands...................... 40 1.4.2 Peturrson's Ravine, Riddell Seep, and Peggy McKercher....... 45 1.4.3 Regional Psychiatric Centre, Crocus Prairie, and the University Con- tainment Facility............................. 48 1.4.4 Northeast Swale.............................. 50 1.4.5 Northern extent to Clark's Crossing................... 62 i 1.4.6 Small Swale (conservation designation pending review)........ 63 1.5 Road Corridors.................................. 64 1.5.1 North Commuter Parkway........................ 64 1.5.2 Saskatoon Freeway............................ 69 2 Institutional Plans and Policies 71 2.1 Provincial and Regional Scope.......................... 71 2.2 City of Saskatoon................................. 72 2.3 Meewasin Valley Authority............................ 73 2.3.1 Policy................................... 74 2.3.2 State of the Valley............................ 74 2.4 University of Saskatchewan............................ 77 2.4.1 Kernen Prairie.............................. 77 2.4.2 University Containment Facility..................... 77 III Research Synthesis 78 1 Boundaries 79 1.1 Regional Ecosystem Health........................... 80 1.2 Legislation & Classification........................... 81 1.3 Governance.................................... 82 2 Corridors and Roads 83 2.1 Corridor Boundaries and Impacts........................ 84 2.2 Saskatoon Freeway................................ 85 2.2.1 2001 Long-Term Transportation Planning Study............ 86 2.2.2 2004 North East Sector Feasibility Study................ 86 2.2.3 2005 Functional Planning Study..................... 87 2.3 Competing Interests............................... 88 3 Ecological Impacts 89 3.1 Documented Impacts............................... 90 3.1.1 University Containment Facility..................... 90 3.2 Predicted Impacts................................. 91 3.2.1 SNG.................................... 91 3.3 Considerations and Mitigation.......................... 92 ii 4 Ecological Value 93 4.1 Vision....................................... 95 4.2 Classification and Value............................. 95 4.3 Regional Connections and Ecosystem Health.................. 97 5 Knowledge Gaps 98 5.1 Local and Regional Ecology........................... 98 5.2 Prairie Water Cycles............................... 99 5.3 Saskatoon Freeway Impacts........................... 100 5.4 Planning and Governance............................ 101 IV Appendices 103 1 Accessing the Document Library and Database 103 2 Media Scan File List 103 3 Document Bibliography 105 iii Executive Summary The purpose of this project was to identify current gaps in knowledge about the Northeast Swale and surrounding areas by reviewing existing research on the swales in north-east Saska- toon. A secondary purpose was to identify any major outstanding concerns that have not yet been addressed through prior research and assessment. The Swales offer an opportunity to observe how urban development and conservation interact. As part of the City of Saskatoon's development process, natural area screenings are con- ducted to identify areas of high quality habitat, which are then flagged as a priority for conservation. Conversely, disturbed areas are lower priority for conservation, and are often seen as ideal for use in|or as land for|development. This classification involves evaluation against scientifically based criteria, as well as some professional judgement on the part of the assessor. This binary approach risks excluding the consideration of potential benefits and returns on investment from medium and large-scale restoration projects. Increasing the overall amount of conservation lands may provide more niche habitats for wildlife, but contiguous land is still key for long-term sustainability of the ecosystem and wildlife. While there are risks to conservation associated with development, there are also opportu- nities to expand conservation. Agricultural lands adjacent to the Swales provide habitat, forage, and a corridor for wildlife. This provides an opportunity to broaden the `core' boundary to include more upland areas, such as|but not only|the sharp-tailed grouse lek plateau. Restoring previously disturbed areas adjacent to high quality conservation areas would increase both the diversity and complexity of habitat, as well as provide opportunities to improve restoration science in a prairie context. This would also reduce the total amount of land seen as viable for suburban expansion, at least in the north. The City could accommodate this by increasing density in the development, other devel- opments, or by prioritizing higher-density in-fill for core neighbourhoods. In other words, generously buffer externally and make connections to other areas, rather than studiously buffer internally and create enclosure and fragmentation. Observations of change should not be relegated to anecdote, since data are the foundation for future restoration, conservation, and development. Consistent monitoring and rigorous data collection are paramount to know if conservation goals are being met. Meewasin should continue to refine and expand their criteria for assessing progress according to their mandate, and potentially review how those indicators and criteria are weighted. The City and Meewasin should collaborate further on developing indicators and measures of ecological change, including a thorough monitoring program and enhancement of citizen scientist involvement to ensure data are rigorously collected and publicly accessible. Recommendations If the Swales are to be managed as sustainable ecosystems, then the City must curb devel- opment in and around natural areas, and the Province must limit incursions into or through 1 those natural areas. Together with Meewasin, the public, and interested non-government organizations, strong protections and generous space must be given to the Swales. A rigor- ous monitoring and experimentation program would support conservation and restoration. A University-led collaborative research program would benefit: the City and its residents by providing accessible and biodiverse natural areas; the Province and its biodiversity and conservation targets; the University and its profile in prairie landscape management and plant sciences; and of course, the Swales and all of the plants and animals that breed, feed, or seed within. Local and Regional Ecology In conjunction with the UH III Field Natural Area Screening (2019) (potentially) studying the wildlife corridor(s) between the Swales, a comprehensive study of the full extent of the greater swale would provide decision-makers with a high-level understanding of importance of the Swales relative to other natural areas in and around the City. This would be best paired with a regional-scale ecological assessment, in order to understand the role of the swales in the sustainability of regional biodiversity by studying the movement of wildlife and plant genetic material. This is linked to an opportunity to improve regional and local ecotourism. Quantification of historical change and calculation of its rate (see below) would help put in to perspective the relative importance of remaining grasslands, including University Lands. Recommendation: In coordination and collaboration with R.M. Corman Park and possibly the University, comprehensively study and monitor the full extent of the greater swale, including regional wildlife corridors and movement of plant genetic material. Recommendation: That the University increase its profile in prairie restoration and conservation science. This would build off of the University's own lands, with more involvement in regional natural areas including activities such
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