Preparation of the global GF -TADs strategy for FMD control

presented by Joseph Domenech on behalf of OIE and FAO

39th General Session of the EuFMD 27-28 April 2011, Rome FMD is one of the most important and widespread disease

FMD is a public good

In Asunción recommendations:

The control and eventual eradication of FMD in a country, region or worldwide could only be achieved if the international community recognizes that the control of FMD is a global public good that will benefit all populations and future generations; Foot and mouth disease distribution by serotype during 2010 and early 2011 (WAHIS/WAHID)

• 66 countries free with (65) or without (1) vaccination • 16 countries with free zones with (10) or without (6) vaccination • 95 infected countries

Asunción recommendations

1. Economic and social justification for recognizing eradication of FMD as a global public good for the benefit of all populations and future generations. 2. A strategy for the global control of FMD should be developed 3,4. To convince the high level policy makers in infected countries to consider FMD control as a priority 5. Good veterinary governance in developing and in transition countries 6. Incorporate national and regional mechanisms such as those of the Hemispheric FMD Eradication Plan (PHEFA), the CVP/MERCOSUR (PAMA), SEAFMD, European Union and the EUFMD Asunción recommendations (contd)

7. Coordinated regional roadmaps

8, 9, 10. Vaccines: quality, banks, research

11. Diagnostic facilities

12. OIE official recognition of countries and zones listed free from the disease .

13. FAO and OIE to support capacity building of developing and in transition countries to comply with OIE standards, and to introduce and implement the PCP Asunción recommendations (contd)

14,15.Organise a pledging conference and scientific meetings on FMD control 16. The OIE develops its capacities for disease status recognition 17. FAO strengthens its capacities to technically support national and regional roadmap development 18, 19. Epidemiological networks, cooperation with wildlife conservation organizations 20. Compensation mechanisms A complex epidemiology Trade in animal products

Canada

Russia

USA Japan

India Mexico

Brazil

Australia Argentina

Poultry flows Beef flows Pork flows Animal movements FMD in African Wildlife

Problems with fences Human and domestic herds introduction Transfrontalier Conservation Areas

Interface Wildlife (1) (Aepyceros melampus ) (2)buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) domestic Faunal diversity

Capybara ( Hydrochoerus Brown Agouti ( Dasyprocta Borugo ( Agouti taczanowskii ) Brazilian tapir Tapirus terrestris) hydrochaeris ) variegata ) All susceptible to FMD

Brocket ( Mazama sp. ) White-lipped infection ( Tayassu ) ( Catagonus wagneri) White-tailed deer ( virginianus )

Collared peccary New species of 'Giant peccary' discovered Feral swine Feral buffalo (Pecari tajacu) in in 2000 1 ( Pecari maximus sp. nov.) (Sus scrofa) ( bubalis)

1 Van Roosmalen, G.M., Lothar, F., van Hooft, P., Deioongh, H. and Leirs, H. (2006) Bonner zoologische Beiträge 55 , 105-112 , Quoted by P. Roeder, Asuncion FMD International Conference, 24-26 June 2009 Foot and Mouth Disease 7 regional virus pools Reference Laboratories and Reference Centres Regional/National Collaborating Centres (UK, Belgium, Italy, South Africa, Reference Centres India, Russian Fed – at 3/09)

Pool 3 O, A, Asia 1

Pool 1 O, A, Asia 1

Pool 2 O, A, Asia 1 Pool 5 Pool 4 Pool 7 O, A, SAT 1, 2 A, O, SAT 1, 2, 3 O, A

Pool 6 SAT 1, 2, 3

FMD - Free Endemic Free. Virus present in game parks Free with vaccination Intermediate, sporadic Countries with multiples zones Source: Annual OIE/FAO FMD Reference Laboratory Network Report, 2007 Virus circulation Epidemic jumps between pools and to free regions

2001 2007

1? 2

3

4 or 5 5 4 Type O , Type A , Type Asia-1, Type SAT2 Importance of the disease • Direct costs: • Mortalities, reduction of productions... • Export reduction • Indirect costs: • Trade, movement limitations in extensive systems,ploughing and transport... • Food insecurity • One health: Human well being Few studies in fact Examples:

• UK 2001: more than 10 Billion USD • Philippines 2002: C/B from 1,6 to 12 depending of export gains • Argentina 2001/2002: 439 Million USD losses in exports • Uruguay: exports have doubled after the country became free from FMD in 1996 • Brasil: exports increase was divided by two after the occurrence of FMD outbreaks in 2005 Some regional programmes

• European Union • Southern America: PHEFA, CVO/PAMA • South Asia • West Eurasia • SEA C FMD SEAFMD 2020 Roadmap SEAFMD 2008 Free zone Infected zone Buffer zone Control zone Eradication zone

SEAFMD 2012 Preparation of a global strategy Regular ongoing work • FAO:  Support to countries and regions • EuFMD:  Support to countries and regions  Trainings, information,  Research group • OIE:  Scientific Commission and its Ah hoc Group on FMD  PVS pathway (processus) The OIE PVS Pathway April 2011: PVS evaluations:101/113 requests PVS Gap Analysis:36/67 requests PVS Legislation:19/33 requests GLEWS

DISEASE TRACKING DATA ANALYSIS DISEASE INTELLIGENCE • Fundamental activities for targeted surveillance, prediction, awareness and reporting to OIE • And then response: Strategies: choice of tools and methods Tools to be included in the control strategy

• Effective Veterinary Services • Surveillance systems • National diagnostic laboratories • Emergency plans • Vaccines (vaccine banks) • Data base on farms and animal movements and animal identification • Public-private partnership • CAHWs Tools to be included in the control strategy (contd)

• Delegation of authority • OIE standards and FAO-OIE Guidelines • Reference laboratory and collaborating center networks • Socio economic studies • International collaboration (OIE-FAO) on surveillance (GLEWS), emergency response (CMS-AH) GF-TADs FMD Working Group • Under the GF-TADs Global Steering Committee • Global FMD-WG started with 4 persons (2 FAO, 2 OIE • Global FMD-WG will be assisted by a dedicated joint FAO/OIE FMD Secretariat in Rome, regular FMD experts and a pool of qualified FMD consultants (for PCP training and assessment and capacity-building projects) TORs of the FMD Working Group

• Develop an FMD strategy • Communication with countries, Organiz., donors… • Communication with Refer . Laboratories and Vaccine producers • Contribute to coordination of global and regional meetings and participate to them TORs with respect to control activities and to PCP • Review progress of nat. and reg. control activities and publish an annual report • Monitor adherence to the yearly review of the FMD- PCP status of countries and carry out an assessment as laid down in the FMD-PCP document • Ensure FMD specialist representation in the regional meetings to safeguard global coordination and uniform interpretation of PCP principles, standards and procedures • Summarize the results of country self-assessments and makes relevant proposals on country PCP statuses to the Global FMD Steering Committee Preparation of the global strategy: objectives

• To maintain the free status in countries without vaccination and to reach this status in countries and zones free with vaccination. • To progressively control the disease in countries where it is enzootic.

FMD Control to be considered as an international public good and to be included in the One Health approach (food security, human well being) Preparation of the global strategy: basic principles • National and regional approaches with political commitment and financial support • Private-public partnership • Support to Veterinary Services • Surveillance, detection , reporting , alert , emergency response • Virus pools to be taken into account • Socio economic context to be taken into account • Support to research Holistic approaches

Animal Health in the wider rural development and health systems contexts

Rural Development, Livelihoods Food Security...

Spec. Dis . Health Systems Recent developments

Global Control through Regional Roadmaps for each of the seven virus pools

Promoting national efforts in line with the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP)

Recommendation of the Global (Open) Session of the EuFMD research group

Erice, Sicily, October 2008 EuFMD Standing Technical Committee

Vienna, 28 September–1 October 2010 Development of the FAO-OIE-EuFMD Progressive control Pathway

• risk reduction approach

not a top down prescribed

approach: but each MS 5 Officially free without vaccination encouraged to develop national No circulation / containment zones only risk reduction strategies that are supportive to the regional effort Officially free with vaccination 4 No circulation / containment zones only

Approaching freedom 3 Outbreaks < once / year

Critical points addressed 2  incidence

Critical risk points identified, Stages 0-3 1 strategy being developed = infected countries/zones

Risk not controlled 0 Continuous FMDV circulation New article in the OIE Terrestrial Code

• In May 2011, OIE SCAD will propose to General Assembly of Delegates to open up the possibility to “endorse” a FMD Control Programme • The endorsement of a country programme will occur during the PCP stage 3 with a final objective of eradication of the disease • Country dossiers presented for OIE-endorsement of the FMD control programme will need supportive documents to justify the feasibility of successfully implementing the programme. • Presented as Technical theme at the OIE 79th General Session in May 2011 + specific resolution Relationship between PCP and OIE’s official FMD statuses Ongoing Work

• GF TADs FMD Working Group • Follow up of regional programmes • PVS analysis • OIE SCAD and FMD ad hoc group work • FAO and EuFMD programmes in various regions (Central and South Asia, Eurasia, Southern America…) • OIE programmes (SE Asia, Southern America…) Global FMD Control Strategy

FMD – PCP: Research OIE - Stepwise OIE - FMD-free FMD Progr. Approach Vaccines PVS Recognition //Regional and GAP Endor- - Sit . Ref lab sement Road Maps - Supply Networks - Match Epi networks Experts

Extra activities; projects on capacity building, vaccine supply etc

Countries and regions that stay behind/need more support

Present FMD situation in the world Second FAO-OIE International Conference on FMD Bangkok, Thailand end of June 2012 Including a pledging session

The Global Control Strategy and an advocacy document to be presented at the conference Thank you for your attention