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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Ungulados 2019 2ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Ungulados 2019 2ª Ed Os nomes galegos dos ungulados 2019 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20192): Os nomes galegos dos ungulados. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. https://www.achave.ga"/wp#content/up"oads/achave_osnomes!a"egosdos$un!u"ados$2019.pd% Fotografía: guanaco (Lama guanicoe ). Autor: Jordi Colàs. &sta o'ra est( su)eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a'erto* con reco+ecemento da autor,a e sen o'ra derivada nin usos comerciais. -esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.or!/"icences/'.#n #nd//.0/deed.!". Licenza comp"eta: https://creativecommons.or!/"icences/'.#n #nd//.0/"e!a"code0"an!ua!es. 1 Notas introdutorias O que contén este documento Neste documento fornécense denominacións galegas para diferentes especies de mamíferos ungulados. Trátase dun grupo faunístico heteroxéneo, caracterizado por os seus membros teren cascos ou pezuños. Na primeira edición (2!"#$, achegáronse nomes para %"& especies de ungulados do planeta. Nesta segunda edición (2!"'$, engádense ou reescríbense notas introdutorias, recoméndase a grafía con ce para o nome galego do Okapia johnstoni (ocapi $ e a grafía con (ue para o nome do Equus quagga quagga ((uaga $, e incorpórase o logo da )ha*e ao deseño do documento. A estrutura +n primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica (ue considera as ordes e as familias dos mamíferos ungulados, onde se apunta, de maneira xeral, os nomes dos ungulados (ue hai en cada familia. , seguir *én o corpo do documento, unha listaxe onde se indica, especie por especie, alén do nome científico, os nomes galegos e ingleses dos diferentes mamíferos ungulados (nalgún caso, tamén, o nome xenérico para un grupo deles ou o nome particular dalgunhas subespecies$. Nesta listaxe específica, destácanse con fondo azul claro as especies galegas. ,o final anótanse as referencias bibliográficas (ue foron utilizadas para a elaboración do presente documento. Nalgunhas desas referencias recóllense ou propóñense nomes galegos para os mamíferos ungulados, (uer xenéricos (uer específicos. Outras referencias achegan nomes para estes mamíferos noutras linguas, (ue tamén foron tidos en conta. ,lén diso, inclúense algunhas referencias básicas a respecto da metodoloxía e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados. 2 ratamento terminolóxico /e modo resumido, traballouse nas seguintes liñas e cos seguintes criterios 0 1rocurouse en primeiro lugar nos nomes *ernáculos galegos. +xisten na tradición lexicográfica galega nomes para mamíferos ungulados propios do país, como *eado, cer*o, corzo, xabaril (ou porco bra*o$, rebezo, cabra montesa, por exemplo, e tamén nomes para ungulados doutras latitudes coñecidos popularmente, como xirafa, elefante, rinoceronte, anta, camelo, hipopótamo etc. 1ara alén dos nomes presentes na tradición, recorreuse á lusofonía, seguíndomos o criterio recollido nas Normas ortográficas e morfolóxicas do idioma galego (R,3 e 453$ do ano !!&0 61ara o arrequecemento do léxico culto, nomeadamente no referido aos ámbitos científico e técnico, o portugués será considerado recurso fundamental, sempre (ue esta adopción non for contraria ás características estruturais do galego”. /este xeito incorporáronse ou adaptáronse algúns nomes para ungulados exóticos americanos ou africanos, como por exemplo (ueixada para Tayassu pecari (incluído como sinónimo de pecarí de (ueixo branco$, cer*o do 1antanal para Blastocerus dichotomus, almiscareiro (ou cer*o almiscarado$ para as especies do xénero Moschus , duiqueiro para as especies bo*ídeas dos xéneros yl!icapra, "hilantom#a e $ephalophus (do inglés duiker, por súa *ez procedente do africáner ou afrikaans$, xipene para os antílopes do xénero %aphicerus, chango para os antílopes do xénero %edunca, antílope saltarochas e cabrito das pedras para Oreotragus oreotragus, antilocabra para &ntilocapra americana (coincidente tamén co seu xénero científico, e reforzando o sistema de nomenclatura co nome cer*icabra do &ntilope cer!icapra $ etc. 1ara outros ungulados aplicáronse os mesmos nomes (ue, coincidentes, teñen en diversos idiomas, e (ue en moitos casos foron tomados do nome (ue reciben nos lugares onde habitan. ,sí, denominacións como anoa para algunhas especies do xénero Bubalus (orixinariamente, do malaio9indonesio$, bongo para Tragelaphus eurycerus (orixinariamente, das linguas africanas bant-$, sitatunga para Tragelaphus spekii ( igualmente, das linguas bant-$, ta8ín para Budorcas taxicolor (orixinariamente do mishmi, lingua tíbeto9 birmana$, barasinga para %ucer!us duvaucelii (orixinariamente, do hindi $, sambar ou cer*o sambar para %usa unicolor (tamén do hindi $ etc., (ue noutros idiomas levan estes mesmos nomes. Na adopción e adaptación de empréstimos lingüísticos, ou nomes procedentes doutras linguas, para os mamíferos extintos da familia ;ammutidae na )ha*e preferimos moito mellor adaptar para o galego a forma rusa orixinaria (mamot ou mammot $ e recomendarmos mamute (plural0 mamutes $, adaptación máis acorde co consonantismo galego e (ue así mesmo se fai en portugués. /e modo semellante, dámoslle preferencia a forma ia(ue, tomada do tibetano gyak, para designarmos Bos grunniens, e incorporamos as formas blesbo(ue e bontebo(ue (ue adaptou o portugués dos nomes ingleses #les#ok e #ontebok, por súa *ez procedentes do africáner, para as d-as subespecies do damalisco de fronte branca 0 'amaliscus pygargus phillips e 'amaliscus pygargus pygargus, respectivamente. Outro caso de adaptación de nomes de animais procedentes doutras linguas son os (ue terminan en –ng, para os (ue se procura normalmente en galego unha solución para evitarmos o gue final. No caso de pengguling (nome malaio para os mamíferos da familia ;anidae $, o nome galego é pangolín, denominación adaptada do mesmo modo noutros idiomas, recollida xa nalgúns dicionarios galegos e así presentada neste documento da )ha*e. 3 Noutros casos, como o de khyang ou kyang (nome tibetano para o equídeo con nome científico Equus kiang $, chamado kiang na maioría das linguas cuxo consonantisno final adopta habitualmente a terminación 9ng, na )ha*e adaptámolo coa forma 8iango, mantendo o 8a inicial e mais o grupo consonántico –ng como característicos do nome da especie, pero terminado en –ngo, de maneira similar a outras linguas (ue tamén adaptaron a terminación do nome tibetano orixinario. 1aralelamente, procurando a sistematicidade, adaptamos coa forma tiango o nome tiang (procedente do dinka, lingua centroafricana$ da subespecie de damalisco 'amaliscus lunatus tiang ou 'amaliscus korrigum tiang , (ue tamén aparece reflectido no seu nome científico e chamado igualmente tiang en inglés. +xisten xa en galego outros nomes de mamíferos con esta mesma terminación (-ango$0 linsango, musango, orangotango etc., cando a terminación orixinal era concretamente –ang. Nesta mesma liña, o nome #anteng para Bos ja!anicus (neste caso con terminación orixinal –eng $, procedente de linguas indonesias, adaptouse como bantengue, do mesmo modo (ue se fixo en portugués. , respecto da denominación galega do ocapi ou o8api (Okapia johnstoni $, na )ha*e preferimos mellor recomendar a forma con ce (ocapi$ para o nome deste mamífero, (ue procede da lingua bambuba (República /emocrática do )ongo$. = un caso semellante ao do nome do marsupial chamado coala (ás *eces escrito 8oala$, (ue procede da lingua darug (Australia$, para o (ue tamén se recomenda a forma con ce (coala$ en galego. Estes mamíferos, o ocapi deste recurso léxico e o coala do léxico de marsupiais, son bastante coñecidos, cando menos nos ámbitos divulgativos, e a adopción da grafía con ce reflicte a súa normalización ou popularización no uso da lingua galega. )anto a denominacións procedentes de nomes latinos ou gregos, proc-rase manter a ortografía e a acentuación etimolóxica, aínda (ue por motivos di*ersos non sempre é posíbel a sistematicidade. ,sí, por exemplo, no caso do ónagro, procedente do grego ὄναγρος, ónagros, por súa *ez de ónos ágrios, asno do campo, asno sil*estre, a acentuación máis recomendábel sería a esdrúxula (ónagro$, (ue é a (ue recomendamos de preferencia, aínda (ue tamén está estendido o uso do nome coa forma gra*e (onagro$, (ue se recolle tamén no presente documento como sinónimo de ónagro. +n relación coa grafía etimolóxica, un caso particular é o de cebra ou zebra, (ue ten a súa orixe na *oz galegoportuguesa medieval ezebro ou zebro, tamén presente na denominación científica latina (Equus zebra$. O nome deste mamífero ungulado está recollido nos dicionarios galegos normativos actuais con ce (cebra$, a partir dunha norma tal*ez inconsciente da influencia do castelán, (ue é a única lingua románica (ue escribe este nome con ce no canto de zeta, e probabelmente a única do mundo (aínda (ue tamén en castelán existe o nome coa forma zebra, como grafía en desuso$. Neste sentido, o profesor Luís /a*iña Facal ten feito algunhas reflexións nos seus traballos, salientando (ue os cultismos tenden a respectar a grafía etimolóxica, xa (ue se toman directamente do étimo, non se modificaron ao longo dos séculos no seo da lingua, e (ue debería ser así para a palabra zebra, do mesmo modo (ue en galego tamén se fai para zigoto, enzima, zifio etc. 1ara a denominación destes equídeos, na )ha*e presentamos cebra como primeira opción por causa do seu estendido uso, mais recollemos tamén a forma zebra como opción. ,lén do devandito, recoméndase a grafía con (ue para o nome do Equus quagga quagga ( (uaga $, de maneira semellante a outras palabras (ue se incorporan ao galego como cultismos ou directamente do inglés 0 sequoia, (uásar... 4 "áis dun nome para unha es$ecie
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