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Zoogeographic Regions Popita & Kids Inc Zoogeographic Regions Popita & Kids Inc. Zoogeography is the branch of the science of biogeography that is concerned with the geographic distribution (present and past) of animal species. In addition to mapping the present distribution of species, zoogeographers formulate theories to explain the distribution, based on information about geography, physiography, climate, and geologic history, as well as knowledge of the evolutionary history and relationships of the animals involved. Each region more or less coincides with a major continental land mass, separated from other regions by oceans, mountain ranges, or deserts. They are as follows: 1. Palearctic (PA) Europe, North Africa (to Sahara), Asia (except India, Pakistan and SE Asia) and Middle East. 2. Nearctic (NA) Canada, USA, Mexico to tropics. Holarctic is Palearctic plus Nearctic! 3. Neotropical (NT) Tropical Mexico south to South America, plus the Antilles. 4. Afrotropic (AF) or Ethiopian (ET) Madagascar, Africa south of the Sahara, southern Arabian Peninsula. 5. Indo-Malayan (IM) or Oriental (OR) Pakistan, India, Southeast Asia, Philippines, Indonesia west of Wallace's line (Sumatra, Java, Borneo). 6. Australian (AU) Australia, New Guinea, Tasmania, Indonesian Islands east of Wallace's line (Sulawesi, Timor, etc.) NOTE: does not include New Zealand. 7. Oceanic Oceans of the world and isolated, small islands. WHAT DO ? …The TASK Name of Animal __________________________________ 1. Record the GEOGRAPIC Range/Distribution of your assigned species: a. Continent – ____________________________________ b. Country – _____________________________________ c. Topographic Region (✓): mountain___, savanna___, jungle___, desert___ steppe___, valley___, plateau___, plain___, highland___, forest___, island___ delta___, coast___, rift___, basin___, rainforest___ grassland___. taiga___ 2. Log in the type of CLIMATE ZONE where the animals lives originally (✓): Tropical: wet/humid___, dry___; Subtropical___, Dry: arid ___, semiarid___, Boreal___ Mediterranean___, ___, Polar/Tundra___, Coastal___, Continental___, Arctic___, Temperate___, 3. Categorize the animal according to the 7 “Zoogeographic” Regions – see above: ________________________________________________________________________ GEOGRAPHY – Research Questions ZOO Project A MUST HAVE for ALL GROUPS You’ll need to have a MAP showing the GEOGRAPHIC RANGE (distribution) of the animal species you received for research. Go to “RED LIST” site = http://www.iucnredlist.org/ Follow these steps: 1.Type in the ‘scientific’ (latin) term in the search term box. A new window will open. 2. Click on the scientific link in italic, red, bold writing. It will get you to a ‘SUMMARY’ page. 3. Use the ‘VIEW MAP’ link on the top left corner. Click to open. Make sure that the ‘CHANGE BASEMAP’ is in ‘IMAGERY’ mode (satellite). 4. Click, hold and move map around to center it with the highlighted area showing. Also, use the + and – scale to enlarge the map. 5. Take a SCREENSHOT of the map at its best (command/shift/4). 6. Open a word processing document (Word, Pages). Title it “GEOGRAPHIC RANGE”. Write the name of the animal and its scientific term. 7. Take the screenshot image, copy/paste it onto the page. Resize until you enlarge it to fit the page. Save. Print…in color. 8. Read, edit & compile the data needed on a separate page. 7. Provide a compelling summary of the area that the animal is restricted to or best associated with. Make sure you include the Continent, Country, Vegetation zone /Habitat, Topographic region, Climate zone, Zoogeographic range. 9. Use the data you collected from the enclosure display board, at the zoo. Text- wrap a couple of pictures. Save. Print…in color. HISTORY – Research Q. – ZOO Project Use the DATA compiled by Mrs. Popa. See pgs. 6-14 of this document: “History of Zoo Menageries” Each group will have 1 Fact to present … as follows: 1. Scalater’s Blue-eyed Lemur - Where were the first Zoos recorded? (civilization, location, era) = all data. 2. Siamang - Discuss the Zoo Menageries in Egypt: King Ptolemy, Queen Hatshepsut. 3. Sichuan Takin - Discuss the Zoo Menageries in Egypt: King Thitmoses III, King Akhenaten. 4. Snow Leopard - Were Exotic Animals subject of ancient TRIBUTE ?! Explain. 5. Spekes Gazelle - Record of animal endangerment in Ancient Rome. Explain in detail. 6. Sumatran Tiger - Was the Elephant a symbol of “Power” in Rome? Explain. 7. Southern Double-Wattled Cassowary - Records of Zoo Menageries in Ancient Greece… 8. Tadjik Markhor - Ancient records of Zoo Menageries in the Middle East (Babylon/Israel)… 9. Visayan Warty Pig - … Ancient records of Zoo Menageries in Meso-America (Aztecs) 10. Western Lowland Gorilla - Records of Zoo Menageries in ancient Rome… 11. African Wild Dog - Ancient records of Zoo Menageries in Europe… 12.Aldabra Giant Tortoise - Ancient records of Zoo Menageries in the Far East – China/Asia… 13. Asian Elephant - The ancient civilizations of Africa, China & India revered the Elephant. What did this animal symbolize for them? Explain. 14. Black-handed Spider Monkey - Discuss the case of ‘Incitatus” – the most famous horse in all Rome… 15. Buff-cheeked Gibbon - Records of Zoo Menageries in England … Queen Elizabeth I. 16. Mandril - Records of Zoo Menageries in France … Louis XIV. 17. Chacoan Giant Peccary - Medieval records of Zoo Menageries in Germany … Emperor Charlemagne. 18. Chimpanzee - Discuss archaeological proof of Zoo Menageries in Egypt: burials 19. Chinese Giant Salamander - Discuss archaeological proof of Zoo Menageries in Egypt: murals. 20. Chinese Water Deer - Discuss how the camel was used for domestic work or trade in Africa. 21. Congo Peafowl - Discuss how the camel was used for domestic work and warfare in Arabia. 22. Lowland Anoa - Did the ancient /medieval civilizations of Africa keep Zoos? Why? Discuss the Purpose. See the underlined statements in the “History of Zoo Menageries”. 23. Madagascar Radiated Tortoise - What is a ’menagerie’ ? Explain. 24. Mountain Bongo - Explain how the Elephant was used as a war weapon, also called ‘elephantry’. 25. Mountain Tapir - Record of animal endangerment in Medieval India. Explain in detail. 26. Nubian Ibex - Discuss the role of the Cheetah in Africa & India: hunting and criminal punishment. For the rest of the questions, use the following site in regard to HISTORY OF THE DOMESTICATION OF ANIMALS, http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/plaintexthistories.asp?h istoryid=ab57 as follows: 27. Orangutan - Dogs: from 12,000 years ago 28. Burmese Star Tortoise- Sheep and goats, cattle and pigs: 9000-7000 BC 29. Peninsular Pronghorn - Draught animals: from 4000 BC 30. Red-Knobbed Hornbill - Cats: from before 3000 BC 31. Roti Island Snaked-Necked Turtle - Horses: 3000 BC 32. Sarus Crane - Asses (donkeys): 3000 BC 33. Francois’s Langur - Silk moths: 3000 BC 34. Giant Otter - Camels: 3000-1500 BC 35. Gray’s Monitor - Poultry and pigeons: 2000 BC 36. Grevy’s Zebra - Elephants: 2000 BC 37. Indian Rhinoceros - The honey of the bee: before the 6th century BC 38. False Gharial - Rabbits: from the 1st century BC 39. East African Crowned Crane - The turkey: from the 14th century 40. Crested Capuchin Monkey - The bee space: 1851 41. Cotton-headed Tamarin - The ostrich: 19th - 20th century 42. Coquerelle’s Sifaka - The hamster: 1930 What do for the HISTORY part? 1. Open a word processing document (Word, Pages). 2. Title it with the theme you received for History – Ex:- “Record of animal endangerment in Ancient Rome” or “Records of ZOO Menageries in ancient Egypt”. 3. Read, edit and process the data. Type. 4. Find a pertinent picture. Text-wrap it. 5. Save. Print. The HISTORY OF the ZOO KEEPING and ANIMAL MENAGERIES The First Zoos The Egyptian capital of Hierakonpolis, on the Nile south of Luxor, was settled by 4000 BC., and it was Egypt’s largest urban center. Data points to the existence of a large, exotic pre-dynastic zoo around 3500 BC. The earliest collection of animals, though not a public zoo, was established by Shulgi, ruler of Ur (now Southeast Iraq), around 2400 B.C. Elephants were domesticated and used for work in India’s Mohenjo-Daro civilization as early as 2,500 B.C. Egypt Alexandria, in ancient Egypt, became not only the world’s greatest center of learning, but also was the site of the greatest zoo of its time. King Ptolemy II later made it a wonder of the world and as early as 285 B.C., he staged an animal procession during the Feast of Dionysus that, according to records, took all day to pass the city stadium in Alexandria. Queen Hatshepsut was known to have kept baboons and other animals imported from the land of Punt (somewhere in the Horn of Africa) during expeditions and trade exchanges. In her time, around 1508 BC, the royal zoo most likely included rhinos, giraffes, leopards, monkeys and more familiar species like cattle and hounds. Many of these animals were prized pets for the elite members of the royal family. In his Upper Egyptian menagerie two hundred years or so later, her successor, Thutmose III, had a botanical garden engraved in the Festival Temple at Karnak, teeming with deer, birds and domesticated livestock and animals and plants brought back to Egypt from Syria. He also kept fowl that [lay eggs] daily, possibly chickens imported from Mesopotamia. In his Upper Egyptian menagerie Akhenaten kept lions in domed buildings, antelopes in pens and cattle in an enclosure made of sticks and branches. There was also a pond, probably stocked with fish and water fowl. At the centre of the installation was a small palace with a window of appearances: courtiers and other mortals seem therefore to have had access to the grounds. Exotic Animal – subject of ancient TRIBUTE ?! Exotic animals, bears, chickens, rhinos, elephants, giraffes, ostriches - some of which had been indigenous to the country in earlier times - were brought to Egypt by official trading expeditions or as part of the tribute which Nubia and other parts of the empire had to pay their overlord. The fate of these tributes is unknown: they may have been sacrificed to the gods or kept for the delectation of the pharaohs and their families.
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