Studia Dipterologica
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Diptera Stelviana • Studia dipterologica. Supplement 21 (2014): XX-XX 7 2.23 Tachinidae Part 2: The taxa of the Dinera carinifrons species complex (Diptera, Tachinidae), with the description of a new West Palaearctic Preprintsubspecies andVERSION!! three lectotype designations Joachim ZIEGLER, Erikas LUTOVINOVAS and Chun-tian ZHANG Abstract Alongside Dinera carinifrons (FALLÉN, 1817), the occurrence of a second species in Europe of the Dinera carinifrons species complex has been established. This is the East Palaearctic Dinera fuscata ZHANG & SHIMA, 2006 which occurs as a distinct West Palaearctic subspecies and which is described here as Dinera fuscata occidentalis ssp. nov. ZIEGLER. In order to safeguard the nomenclatural status of the taxa in the Dinera carinifrons species complex, lectotypes are designated for Myocera antho- phila ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830, Myocera grisescens ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830, and Amyclaea ser- ©va ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1863. As a consequence, these names all fall as synonyms of Dinera carin- ifrons (FALLÉN, 1817). A detailed redescription is given of Musca carinifrons FALLÉN, 1817. An iden- tification key for the European species of the genus Dinera, as well as a correction and emendment to the identification key for the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Dinera by ZHANG & SHIMA (2006), are given. Collecting data of all the material examined are listed, and the trans-Palae- arctic distribution of Dinera carinifrons as well as the disjunct-Palaearctic distribution of Dinera fuscata are illustrated. Characters of the puparium of Dinera carinifrons are described for the first time. These data are completed with notes on the biology and with information on the host species Agrilinus ater (DE GEER, 1774) and Agrilinus fimetarius (LINNAEUS, 1758) (Coleoptera Scarabaeidae). Introduction Twenty-one species of Dinera ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY have been recorded by ZHANG & SHIMA (2006) and ZHANG & FU (2012) from the Palaearctic and Oriental Regions. The genus is di- verse in East and South Asia, but only three species have been known from Europe: Dinera carinifrons, D. ferina and D. grisescens, all described by FALLÉN in 1817 (HERTING & DELY- DRASKOVITS 1993). Of the Dinera carinifrons species complex only one species is currently known to occur in the lowlands of Central Europe. This small and dark species has therefore been considered to be the true Dinera carinifrons (FALLÉN, 1817). But collections made in the high mountains of Europe have shown that there is a form that is similar but somewhat larger, paler and more densely microtrichose and with different head proportions, as reported by ZIEGLER & LANGE (2001, 2007) and also mentioned by TSCHORSNIG et al. (2003). Such paler specimens are also present in older collections and were apparently found in earlier times not only in the moun- It tainsis ofNOT Central Europe, allowed Scandinavia and Siberia to but also distribute in the Central European lowlands. this As a general rule European imagines of the Dinera carinifrons species complex can be as- signed to one of these two taxa by the different density of the microtrichosity and the differ- paperences in the in width theof frons andwww parafacialia. However,without the species-status permis- of these two forms has always been questioned because all the morphological characters examined show over- sionlapping states.of Tothe confirm publishingthese results, morphometric and house molecular methods ! have been used 8 ZIEGLER et al.: Tachinidae. Part 2 (LUTOVINOVAS et al. 2013), which have established that these are two distinct species. The next step was to establish the valid names for these species. In the meantime, a revision of the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Dinera by ZHANG & SHIMA (2006) has appeared. This included the description of a new East Palaearctic species, Dinera fuscata, which is very similar to the dark species of Central Europe. The paler species of the European mountains was interpreted as Dinera carinifrons in the paper by ZHANG & SHIMA (2006). But determinations took place without examining the type material. For this reason, the lectotype of Musca carinifrons FALLÉN, 1817 was designated in the paper Preprintby LUTOVINOVAS et al. (2013) to correspond VERSION!! to the interpretation by ZHANG & SHIMA (2006). As a result, the future nomenclatural stability of this species has been established. The second European species was identified provisionally as Dinera fuscata ZHANG & SHIMA, 2006 by LUTOVINOVAS et al. (2013). In the present contribution we investigate whether this European-West Asian population of D. fuscata would be better ranked as a distinct species or as a subspecies. In addition, in this context the question arises whether the species name D. fuscata could perhaps be a synonym of one of the many species that ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY described in 1830 and 1863 and which were later synonymised by HERTING (1974) with Din- era carinifrons. ©Material and methods The material used for this comparative morphological study consists mostly of dry (pinned) imagines. They are stored in museums, institutions and private collections. Abbreviations for the depositories cited in this work (mostly after ARNETT et al. 1993) are as follows (with the names of the current curators in parentheses). BLKU – Biosystematics Laboratory, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan (H. SHIMA) BMNH – Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom (N. WYATT) CZB – Collection of Joachim ZIEGLER, Bernau, Germany CZS – Collection of Theo ZEEGERS, Soest, The Netherlands CLV – Collection of Erikas LUTOVINOVAS, Vilnius, Lithuania DZMB – Department of Botany and Zoology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic (J. VAŇHARA) HDNS – Haus der Natur, Salzburg, Austria (I. ILLICH) HMIM – Hayk Mirzayans Insect Museum, Department of Insect Taxonomy Research, Iranian Re- search Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, Iran (E. GILASIAN) MNHN – Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (C. DAUGERON) SDEI – Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany (F. MENZEL) SMNH – Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden (Y. BRODIN) SMNS – Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde, Stuttgart, Germany (H.-P. TSCHORSNIG) SNUC – Institute of Entomology, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang, China (C.-t. ZHANG) SZMN – Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Siberian Zoological Museum, Novosibirsk, Russia (A. V. BARKALOV) ZMHB – Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung an der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany (J. ZIEGLER) ItZMUM is –NOT Zoological Museum, allowed Moscow State University, to Moscow, distribute Russia (A. L. OZEROV) this An extensive material was collected in the Stilfserjoch National Park (ZIEGLER 2008), for which reason these results are being published within the framework of the project “Diptera Stelviana”.paper in the www without permis- The distribution data are arranged from northwest to southeast for every country and from the oldest to the youngestsion dataset offor every the locality. publishing house ! Diptera Stelviana • Studia dipterologica. Supplement 21 (2014): XX-XX 9 Measurements and ratios follow TSCHORSNIG & HERTING (1994) and TSCHORSNIG & RICHTER (1998) or are explained in the text. Terminology of the external morphology follows MERZ & HAENNI (2000), STUCKENBERG (1999), and ZIEGLER (2003). Digital images of the fly heads were taken by the first author using the Leica Application Suite version 2.8.1, a zoom system (Leica Z16 APO zoom macroscope, Leica DFC 490 digital camera) and Auto-Montage Essentials version 5.03. For the field photographs of flies, a Can- on camera EOS 500D, Canon macro lens EF 100 mm, and a Canon macro ring lite MR-14EX Preprinthave been used. VERSION!! Results and discussion In the following section, the type material of Musca carinifrons FALLÉN, 1817 (SMNH) is redescribed and lectotypes are designated for three species described by ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, namely Myocera anthophila ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1830, Myocera grisescens ROBINEAU-DES- VOIDY, 1830 and Amyclaea serva ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY, 1863 (MNHN). As a result of these designations, these three names fall as synonyms of Dinera carinifrons (FALLÉN, 1817). The status of further names described by ROBINEAU-DESVOIDY is discussed. The West Palaearctic subspecies of Dinera fuscata is newly described as Dinera fuscata occidentalis ZIEGLER. An identification key for the European species of the genus Dinera, as well as a correction and emendation to the identification key to the Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genus Din- ©era by ZHANG & SHIMA (2006), are given. Details of all the material examined are listed, and the trans-Palaearctic distribution of Dinera carinifrons as well as the disjunct-Palaearctic dis- tribution of Dinera fuscata are illustrated. Characters of the puparium of Dinera carinifrons are described for the first time. These data are completed with notes on the biology and with information on the new host species Aphodius fimetarius (LINNAEUS, 1758). Type material from the FALLÉN collection The material on which the description of Musca carinifrons FALLÉN, 1817 was based is located in the Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden. In the original description, FALLÉN 1817: 243 mentions several characters which do not fit well with the interpretation of Dinera carinifrons sensu ZHANG & SHIMA, 2006 but rather agree with Dinera fuscata ZHANG & SHIMA, 2006: „15. M. carinifrons … abdomine maculatim micante“ and „ganska lik den nyss beskrif-