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Tagbanwa Grammar.Vp Tuesday, December 08, 2009 2:45:26 PM Color Profile: Generic CMYK Printer Profile Composite Default Screen Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Linguistic Society of the Philippines Special Monograph Issue, Number 48 The Philippine Journal of Linguistics (PJL) is the official publication of the Linguistic Society of the Philippines. It publishes studies in descriptive, comparative, historical, and areal linguistics. Although its primary interest is in linguistic theory, it also publishes papers on the application of theory to language teaching, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, anthropological principles, etc. Such papers should, however, be chiefly concerned with the principles which underlie specific techniques rather than with the mechanical aspects of such techniques. Articles are published in English, although papers written in Filipino, an official language of the Philippines, will occasionally appear. Since the Linguistic Society of the Philippines is composed of members whose paramount interests are the Philippine languages, papers on these and related languages are given priority in publication. This does not mean, however, that the journal will limit its scope to the Austronesian language family. Studies on any aspect of language structure are welcome. The Special Monograph Series publishes longer studies in the same areas of interest as the PJL, or collections of articles on a single theme. Manuscripts for publication, exchange journals, and books for review or listing should be sent to the Editor, Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila, Philippines. Manuscripts from the United States and Europe should be sent to Dr. Lawrence A. Reid, Pacific and Asia Linguistics Institute, University of Hawaii, 1890 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, U.S.A. Editorial Board Editor: Ma. Lourdes S. Bautista, De La Salle University Associate Editors: J. Stephen Quakenbush, Summer Institute of Linguistics Bonifacio P. Sibayan, Philippine Normal University Lawrence A. Reid, University of Hawaii Review Editor: Emy M. Pascasio, Ateneo de Manila University Managing Editor: Danilo T. Dayag, De La Salle University Business Manager: May O. Viaje, De La Salle University Volume Editor: Virginia A. Larson, Summer Institute of Linguistics Ó 2003 by the Linguistic Society of the Philippines All rights reserved ISBN: 971-780-014-6 0603-2C C:\Jobs\Tagbanwa Grammar\VP\Tagbanwa Grammar.vp Tuesday, December 08, 2009 2:45:26 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen C:\Jobs\Tagbanwa Grammar\VP\Tagbanwa Grammar.vp Tuesday, December 08, 2009 2:45:26 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen Contents Tables......................................................viii Preface . ix Acknowledgements . x Abbreviations . xi Map of Northern Palawan. xiii Chapter 1: Historical Background . 1 Chapter 2: Sociolinguistic Dynamics . 5 2.1. Central Tagbanwa as an Endangered Language . 5 2.1.1. What is an Endangered Language? . 5 2.2. Initial Surveys in Northern Palawan . 6 2.3. Population. 7 2.4. Location . 8 2.5. Methodology and Data . 11 2.5.1. Interview and Observation . 11 2.5.2. Data Tabulation . 13 2.6. Study Findings. 15 2.6.1. Case Histories . 15 2.6.1.1. The Aguero Family. 15 2.6.1.2. The Rizal Family . 16 2.6.1.3. The Valdez Family . 17 2.6.1.4. Summary . 18 2.6.2. Language Use . 19 2.7. Summary and Conclusion . 23 Chapter 3: Phonology . 27 3.1. Syllable and Word Structure . 27 3.2. Stress. 27 3.3. Interpretation of Ambivalent Segments . 28 3.3.1. High Front and High Back Vocoids . 28 3.3.2. Lengthened Vocoids . 28 3.3.3. Affricate . 28 3.3.4. Aspiration . 28 3.3.5. Glottal Stop. 28 3.4. Phonemes . 29 3.4.1. Stops. 29 3.4.2. Glottal Stop. 30 3.4.3. Fricatives . 30 3.4.4. Nasals . 31 3.4.5. Lateral Liquid . 32 3.4.6. Flap . 32 3.4.7. Glides . 32 3.4.8. Vowels . 32 3.5. Morphophonemics. 34 3.5.1. Consonant Weakening. 34 3.5.2. Nasal Assimilation . 35 v C:\Jobs\Tagbanwa Grammar\VP\Tagbanwa Grammar.vp Tuesday, December 08, 2009 2:45:26 PM Color profile: Generic CMYK printer profile Composite Default screen vi Central Tagbanwa 3.5.3. Nasal Assimilation with Consonant Deletion . 35 3.5.4. Vowel Harmony . 35 3.6. Coexistent Phonological Features Carried by Spanish Loan Words. 36 3.6.1. Syllable Patterns . 36 3.6.2. Coexistent Contrasts . 36 3.6.3. Coexistent Phoneme . 37 3.7. Orthography . 37 3.7.1. Other Orthographic Notes. 39 Chapter 4: Grammar . 41 4.1. Morphology. 41 4.2. Lexical Categories . 42 4.2.1. Nominals . 42 4.2.1.1. Noun Marking Particles . 43 4.2.1.2. Common and Derived Nouns . 44 4.2.1.3. Personal Pronouns . 45 4.2.1.4. Demonstrative Pronouns . 46 4.2.2. Modifiers . 48 4.2.3. Verbs . 49 4.2.3.1. Basic Verbal Inflection . 50 4.2.3.2. Other Aspectual Inflections . 52 4.2.3.3. Other Verbal Aspects and Moods . 56 4.2.3.4. Causative Voice . 58 4.3. Noun Phrase . 60 4.3.1. Possessive Noun Phrase. 60 4.3.2. Demonstrative Noun Phrase . 61 4.3.3. Descriptive Noun Phrase . 61 4.3.4. Appositional Noun Phrase. 62 4.3.5. Embedded Noun Phrase . 62 4.4. Predications . 63 4.4.1. Nonverbal Clauses . 63 4.4.1.1. Existence and Possession—Use of may and data in Nonverbal Clauses . 64 4.4.2. Verbal Clauses . 67 4.4.2.1. Expansion of Verbal Predications ..
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