FAMILY Anabantidae Bonaparte 1831 - climbing gouramies [=Branchies labyrinthiques, Anabatini, Spirobranchidae, Coiidae, Ctenopominae] Notes: Branchies labyrinthiques Cuvier, in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1828:572 [ref. 4880] (family) [also Pharyngiens labyrinthiformes Cuvier, 1829:225 [ref. 995]; also as Labyrinthiform Pharyngeals; latinized to Labyrinthibranchii by Owen 1846:49 [ref. 32214]; no stem of the , not available, Article 11.7.1.1] Anabatini Bonaparte, 1831:158, 176 [ref. 4978] (subfamily) Anabas [stem corrected to Anabant- by Eichwald 1831:71 [ref. 5562], confirmed by Bonaparte 1837:[7] [ref. 32243], by Cope 1871:459 [ref. 920], by Jordan 1923a:176 [ref. 2421], by Lindberg 1971:184 [ref. 27211] and by Nelson 1976:290 [ref. 32838]; family name sometimes seen as Anabasidae] Spirobranchidae Swainson, 1839: 174, 235 [ref. 4303] (family) Spirobranchus Cuvier [invalid, Article 39] Coiidae Fowler, 1905b:504 [ref. 1370] (family) Coius [family name sometimes seen as Colidae] Ctenopominae Cambray, 1997:299, 300 [ref. 33127] (subfamily) [name only, but bibliographic reference to the description by Norris 1994; correct stem is Ctenopomat- Kottelat 2013b:447 [ref. 32989]]

GENUS Anabas Cloquet, 1816 - climbing gouramies [=Anabas Cloquet [H.] (ex Cuvier), 1816:35, Coius Hamilton [F.], 1822:85, 369] Notes: [ref. 12560]. Masc. Perca scandens Daldorff, 1797. Type by monotypy. Cuvier 1816:339 [ref. 993] has only "Les Anabas" and mentions "Perca scandens Daldorf. Anthias testudineus Bl. 322." Apparently dates to Cloquet 1816:35 as above (else to Oken 1817:1782 [1182]). See also Whitley 1935:136 [ref. 6396]. Misspelled Anabus by Swainson 1839:237 [ref. 4303]. •Valid as Anabas Cloquet, 1816 -- (Liem 1962:42 [ref. 20932], Jayaram 1981:378 [ref. 6497], Kottelat 1985:275 [ref. 11441], Kottelat 1989:19 [ref. 13605], Roberts 1989:171 [ref. 6439], Ataur Rahman 1989:284 [ref. 24860], Zhong in Pan et al. 1991:507 [ref. 23876], Kottelat 2000:92 [ref. 25865], Kottelat 2000:88 [ref. 25486], Ataur Rahman 2003:309 [ref. 31338], Hui & Ng 2005:116 [ref. 28283], Kottelat 2013:447 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Anabas Cloquet, 1816. Anabantidae. (Coius) [ref. 2031]. Masc. Coius coboijus Hamilton, 1822. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Cuvier 1829:144 -- see Kotttelat 2000: 92 [ref. 25865]. •Treated as valid as Coius Hamilton, 1822 -- (Roberts & Kottelat 1994:258 [ref. 21569] and as the family Coiidae, Ataur Rahman 2003:351 [ref. 31338]). •Synonym of Anabas Cloquet, 1816 [after lectotype clarification] -- (Kotttelat 2000:92 [ref. 25865], Kottelat 2000:88 [ref. 25486], Kottelat 2013:447 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Synonym of Anabas Cloquet, 1816. Anabantidae.

Species (Hamilton, 1822) - Gangetic [=Coius cobojius Hamilton [F.], 1822:98, 370, Pl. 89] Notes: [An account of the found in the river Ganges; ref. 2031] . Current status: Valid as Anabas cobojius (Hamilton, 1822). Anabantidae. Distribution: India and Nepal, possible elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater.

Species (Bloch, 1792) - climbing perch [=Anthias testudineus Bloch [M. E.], 1792:121, Pl. 322, Anabas elongatus Reuvens [C. L.], 1895:147, Anabas testudineus kavaiya Deraniyagala [P. E. P.], 1952:111, Fig. 53, Anabas testudineus lacustri Das [S. M.], 1966:93, Anabas macrocephalus Bleeker [P.], 1855:430, Anabas microcephalus Bleeker [P.], 1857:58, Anabas oligolepis Bleeker [P.], 1855:161, Anabas testudineus ricei Das [S. M.], 1966:93, Anabas testudineus riveri Das [S. M.], 1966:93, Perca scandens Daldorff [D. C. de], 1797:62, Amphiprion scansor Bloch [M. E.] & Schneider [J. G.], 1801:204, Anabas spinosus Gray [J. E.], 1834:no page number, Pl. 89 (fig. 1), Lutjanus testudo Lacepède [B. G. E.], 1802:192, 235, Anabas trifoliatus Kaup [J. J.], 1860:124, Pl. 6 (fig. A), Anabas variegatus Bleeker [P.], 1851:220] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 6; ref. 470] "Japan" [actual is southeastern ]. Current status: Valid as Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Distribution: Indo-West Pacific [native to southeastern Asia from India to to , and China]; introduced widely elsewhere. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (elongatus) [Notes from the Leyden Museum v. 16 (nos. 3-4) (art. 12); ref. 14563] Sumba Island, Lesser Sunda Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (kavaiya) [A colored atlas of some vertebrates from Ceylon; ref. 12768] Sri Lanka. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (lacustri) [Ichthyologica (Srinagar, Kashmir) v. 3 (nos 1-2) 1964; ref. 7729] tank at Balrampur, India. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (macrocephalus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 7; ref. 16941] Jakarta, Java; Tandjongoost; Tjampea, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (macrocephalus) [Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae v. 2 (no. 7); ref. 356] Ambon Island, Molucca Islands, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (oligolepis) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 8; ref. 16837] Bandjarmasin, Borneo, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (ricei) [Ichthyologica (Srinagar, Kashmir) v. 3 (nos 1-2) 1964; ref. 7729] Rice fields, Balrampur, India. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (riveri) [Ichthyologica (Srinagar, Kashmir) v. 3 (nos 1-2) 1964; ref. 7729] Rapti River, Basti and Kathina River, Lakhimpur Kheri, India. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (scandens) [The Transactions of the Linnean Society of London v. 3 (art. 14); ref. 17360] Tranquebar [Tharangambadi], India. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (scansor) [M. E. Blochii, Systema Ichthyologiae; ref. 471] Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (spinosus) [Illustrations of Indian zoology; ref. 1878] India. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (testudo) [Histoire naturelle des poissons (Lacepéde) v. 4; ref. 4929] Japan; Coromandel, India. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (trifoliatus) [Archiv für Naturgeschichte v. 26 (pt 1); ref. 18373] Java, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish. (variegatus) [Natuurkundig Tijdschrift voor Nederlandsch Indië v. 2; ref. 330] Kema, northern Sulawesi, Indonesia. Current status: Synonym of Anabas testudineus (Bloch, 1792). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater, brackish.

GENUS Ctenopoma Peters, 1844 - climbing gouramies [=Ctenopoma Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1844:34] Notes: [ref. 13442]. Neut. Ctenopoma multispinis Peters, 1844. Type by monotypy. Also appeared in Peters 1846 [translation, ref. 3448] and 1847 [ref. 6176]. •Valid as Ctenopoma Peters, 1844 -- (Liem 1962:42 [ref. 20932], Gosse 1986:402 [ref. 6194], Norris et al. 1988 [ref. 6415], Skelton 1988 [ref. 6737], Lévêque et al. 1989:123 [ref. 26480], Paugy & Bénech 1989:304 [ref. 26478], Paugy et al. 1990:343 [ref. 26477], Norris & Teugels 1990 [ref. 15717], Norris & Douglas 1991 [ref. 19507], Norris in Lévêque et al. 1992:838 [ref. 21590], Poll & Gosse 1995:115 [ref. 24781], Dankwa et al. 1999:49 [ref. 28023], Norris 2007:253 [ref. 30044], Norris 2007:259 [ref. 30044] as "Ctenopoma", a new genus in press, Marshall 2011:259 [ref. 31755], Kottelat 2013:447 [ref. 32989]). Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma Peters, 1844. Anabantidae.

Species Ctenopoma acutirostre Pellegrin, 1899 - leopard bush fish [=Ctenopoma acutirostre Pellegrin [J.], 1899:360] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 5 (no. 7); ref. 14733] Diélé, Congo. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma acutirostre Pellegrin, 1899. Anabantidae. Distribution: Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma ashbysmithi Banister & Bailey, 1979 - Ashby Smith's climbing gourami [=Ctenopoma ashbysmithi Banister [K. E.] & Bailey [R. G.], 1979:237, Figs. 17-19, 22 (above)] Notes: [Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society v. 66 (no. 3) (for July 1979); ref. 8851] Marsh, 10 kilometers southwest of Kindu, Democratic Republic of Congo. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma ashbysmithi Banister & Bailey, 1979. Anabantidae. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma gabonense Gunther, 1896 - Gabon climbing gourami [=Ctenopoma gabonense Günther [A.], 1896:269, Pl. 13 (fig. C)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 17 (no. 100) (art. 37); ref. 14607] Gabon and probably Ogowe River. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma gabonense Günther, 1896. Anabantidae. Distribution: West-central . Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma garuanum (Ahl, 1927) - Ahl's climbing gourami [=Anabas garuanus Ahl [E.], 1927:77] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin; ref. 15834] Garua, Benoué River, Cameroon. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma garuanum (Ahl, 1927). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma kingsleyae Gunther, 1896 - tailspot ctenopoma [=Ctenopoma kingsleyae Günther [A.], 1896:270, Pl. 13 (fig. A), Anabas africanus Vetterlein [R.], 1914:253, Fig. 4, Anabas argentoventer Ahl [E.], in Schreitmüller & Ahl, 1922:266 [2]] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 17 (no. 100) (art. 37); ref. 14607] Kondo-Kondo, Ogowe River. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma kingsleyae Günther, 1896. Anabantidae. Distribution: Western and central Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (africanus) [Wochenschrift für Aquarien- und Terrarienkunde v. 11 (13); ref. 21735] Niger. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma kingsleyae Günther, 1896. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (argentoventer) [Blätter für Aquarien- und Terrarien-Kunde. Stuttgart. v. 33 (no. 16); ref. 15389] Lower Niger. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma kingsleyae Günther, 1896. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma machadoi (Fowler, 1930) - Fowler's climbing gourami [=Anabas machadoi Fowler [H. W.], 1930:43, Fig. 12] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 82; ref. 1406] Quanza River at Chouzo, . Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma machadoi (Fowler, 1930). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma maculatum Thominot, 1886 - Thominot's climbing gourami [=Ctenopoma maculata Thominot [A.], 1886:159, Ctenopoma multifasciata Thominot [A.], 1886:159, Anabas pleurostigma Boulenger [G. A.], 1903:27, Pl. 5 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 10; ref. 17903] San Benito River, Gabon. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma maculatum Thominot, 1886. Anabantidae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (multifasciata) [Bulletin de la Société philomathique de Paris (7th Série) v. 10; ref. 17903] San Benito River, Gabon. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma maculatum Thominot, 1886. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (pleurostigma) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1903, v. 1 (pt 1); ref. 570] Kribi River, southern Cameroon. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma maculatum Thominot, 1886. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Peters, 1844 - many-spined ctenopoma [=Ctenopoma multispinis Peters [W. (C. H.)], 1844:34, Anabas rhodesianus Gilchrist [J. D. F.] & Thompson [W. W.], 1917:548, Spirobranchus smithii Bianconi [G. G.], 1859:279, Pl. 10, Anabas vernayi Fowler [H. W.], 1935:279, Fig. 15] Notes: [Monatsberichte der Königlichen Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin 1844; ref. 13442] Quellimane, . Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma multispine Peters, 1844. Anabantidae. Distribution: Central and southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (rhodesianus) [Annals of the South African Museum v. 11 (pt 6); ref. 15119] Livingstone, Victoria Falls, /Zimbabwe. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma multispine Peters, 1844. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (smithii) [Specimina zoologica mosambicana; ref. 295] Mozambique. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma multispine Peters, 1844. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (vernayi) [Annals of the Transvaal Museum v. 16 (pt 2); ref. 1423] Chobe River, below rapids, 3 miles from Kasane, . Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma multispine Peters, 1844. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma muriei (Boulenger, 1906) - ocellated labyrinth fish [=Anabas muriei Boulenger [G. A.], 1906:348, Anabas ctenotis Boulenger [G. A.], 1920:403, Fig. 10, Anabas houyi Ahl [E.], 1927:78] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 18 (no. 107) (art. 50); ref. 17101] White Nile River, Sudan. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma muriei (Boulenger, 1906). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (ctenotis) [Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1919 (pts 3-4); ref. 15206] Ditch along the Lukuga River, near west coast of Lake Tanganyika. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma muriei (Boulenger, 1906). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (houyi) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin; ref. 15834] Cameroon. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma muriei (Boulenger, 1906). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma nebulosum Norris & Teugels, 1990 - Norris' climbing gourami [=Ctenopoma nebulosum Norris [S. M.] & Teugels [G. G.], 1990:493, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1990 (no. 2); ref. 15717] Sombreiro River at Ehuama, 5°00'N, 6°40'E, Nigeria. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma nebulosum Norris & Teugels, 1990. Anabantidae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma nigropannosum Reichenow, 1875 - twospot climbing perch [=Ctenopoma nigropannosum Reichenow [A.], 1875:147] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin 1875; ref. 18612] Loango, Gabon. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma nigropannosum Reichenow, 1875. Anabantidae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma ocellatum Pellegrin, 1899 - eyespot ctenopoma [=Ctenopoma ocellatum Pellegrin [J.], 1899:359, Ctenopoma denticulatum Pellegrin [J.], 1899:361] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 5 (no. 7); ref. 14733] Makaka, Congo. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma ocellatum Pellegrin, 1899. Anabantidae. Distribution: Congo. Habitat: freshwater. (denticulatum) [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 5 (no. 7); ref. 14733] Congo. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma ocellatum Pellegrin, 1899. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. Species Ctenopoma pellegrinii (Boulenger, 1902) - Pellegrin's climbing gourami [=Anabas pellegrinii Boulenger [G. A.], 1902:51, Pl. 15 (fig. 1)] Notes: [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoology) v. 2 (fasc. 2); ref. 562] Yembe River at Banzyville, Democratic Republic of Congo, about 4°18'N, 21°11'E. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma pellegrini (Boulenger, 1902). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma petherici Gunther, 1864 - Gunther's ctenopoma [=Ctenopoma petherici Günther [A.], 1864:211, Anabas caudomaculatus Ahl [E.], 1927:77, Anabas petherici chadensis Fowler [H. W.], 1936:322, Fig. 24, Anabas riggenbachi Ahl [E.], 1927:79, Anabas togoensis Ahl [E.], 1928:205] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 3) v. 13 (no. 75); ref. 18181] Upper Nile River, at Chartoum and Gondokoro. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma petherici Günther, 1864. Anabantidae. Distribution: Northeast Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (caudomaculatus) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin; ref. 15834] Pendé, Cameroon. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma petherici Günther, 1864. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (chadensis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 88; ref. 1424] Batangafo, Chad basin, Central African Republic [Ubangi-Shari]. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma petherici Günther, 1864. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (riggenbachi) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin; ref. 15834] Cameroon. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma petherici Günther, 1864. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (togoensis) [Zoologischer Anzeiger v. 78 (nos 9/10); ref. 15832] Kete Kratschi, Togo. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma petherici Günther, 1864. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Ctenopoma weeksii Boulenger, 1896 - mottled ctenopoma [=Ctenopoma weeksii Boulenger [G. A.], 1896:310, Anabas oxyrhynchus Boulenger [G. A.], 1902:52, Pl. 15 (fig. 2)] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 17 (no. 100) (art. 49); ref. 14601] About 50 miles south of Mangala, Upper Congo. Current status: Valid as Ctenopoma weeksii Boulenger, 1896. Anabantidae. Distribution: Upper Congo. Habitat: freshwater. (oxyrhynchus) [Annales du Musee du Congo (Ser. Zoology) v. 2 (fasc. 2); ref. 562] Yembe River at Banzyville, Democratic Republic of Congo, about 4°18'N, 21°11'E. Current status: Synonym of Ctenopoma weeksii Boulenger, 1896. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Norris, 1995 - climbing gouramies [=Microctenopoma Norris [S. M.], 1995:358] Notes: [ref. 21948]. Neut. Ctenopoma congicum Boulenger, 1887. Type by original designation. •Valid as Microctenopoma Norris, 1995 -- (Norris 2007:257 [ref. 30044], Marshall 2011:258 [ref. 31755]). Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma Norris, 1995. Anabantidae.

Species Microctenopoma ansorgii (Boulenger, 1912) - ornate ctenopoma [=Anabas ansorgii Boulenger [G. A.], 1912:23, Pl. 17 (fig. 7), Anabas davidae Poll [M.], 1939:50, Fig. 32] Notes: [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér. C (Zoologie) (Sér. 1) v. 2 (fasc. 3); ref. 581] Lagoons near Luali River at Lundo, Democratic Republic of Congo. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma ansorgii (Boulenger, 1912). Anabantidae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (davidae) [Annales du Musée du Congo Belge Sér C (Zoologie: Poissons, reptiles, amphibies) (Sér. 1) v. 4 (no. 1); ref. 3513] Stanley Pool, Democratic Republic of Congo. Current status: Synonym of Microctenopoma ansorgii (Boulenger, 1912). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma congicum (Boulenger, 1887) - Congo ctenopoma [=Ctenopoma congicum Boulenger [G. A.], 1887:148, Ctenopoma congicum longipinnis Fowler [H. W.], 1949:269, Figs. 75-79] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 5) v. 19 (no. 110) (art. 19); ref. 14472] Lagoons on islands of Lower Congo. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma congicum (Boulenger, 1887). Anabantidae. Distribution: West-central Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (longipinnis) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 101; ref. 1461] 8 miles south of Oka, Congo system, French Equatorial Africa. Current status: Synonym of Microctenopoma congicum (Boulenger, 1887). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma damasi (Poll & Damas, 1939) - Damas' climbing gourami [=Anabas damasi Poll [M.] & Damas [H.], 1939:52, Fig. 31] Notes: [Exploration du Parc National Albert. Mission H. Damas (1935-36). Fasc. 6; ref. 17219] Semliki River, Ishango, Democratic Republic of Congo. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma damasi (Poll & Damas, 1939). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma fasciolatum (Boulenger, 1899) - banded ctenopoma [=Anabas (Ctenopoma) fasciolata Boulenger [G. A.], 1899:242, Anabas fasciolatus var. filamentosa Pellegrin [J.], 1925:105] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 7) v. 3 (no. 15) (art. 38); ref. 14699] Monsembé, Upper Congo. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma fasciolatum (Boulenger, 1899). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (filamentosa) [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 50; ref. 15562] Sangha River at Ouesso, Congo. Current status: Synonym of Microctenopoma fasciolatum (Boulenger, 1899). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma intermedium (Pellegrin, 1920) - intermediate climbing gourami [=Anabas intermedius Pellegrin [J.], 1920:151] Notes: [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 45; ref. 15249] Upper , Léalui, Zambia. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma intermedium (Pellegrin, 1920). Anabantidae. Distribution: Central and southern Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma lineatum (Nichols, 1923) - lined climbing gourami [=Anabas lineatus Nichols [J. T.], 1923:2, Fig. 3] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 57; ref. 15413] Central African Republic [Gribingui River system, possibly Kaga Bandoro = Fort Crampel]. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma lineatum (Nichols, 1923). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma milleri (Norris & Douglas, 1991) - Miller's climbing gourami [=Ctenopoma milleri Norris [S. M.] & Douglas [M. E.], 1991:168, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1991 (no. 1); ref. 19507] Unspecified tributary waters of the lower Congo River, at or near Lukala, 175 kilometers southwest of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma milleri (Norris & Douglas, 1991). Anabantidae. Distribution: Democratic Republic of Congo. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma nanum (Gunther, 1896) - dwarf ctenopoma [=Ctenopoma nanum Günther [A.], 1896:269, Pl. 13 (fig. B), Anabas brunneus Ahl [E.], 1927:76] Notes: [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 6) v. 17 (no. 100) (art. 37); ref. 14607] Gabon River, western Africa. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma nanum (Günther, 1896). Anabantidae. Distribution: West-central and central Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (brunneus) [Sitzungsberichte der Gesellschaft Naturforschender Freunde zu Berlin; ref. 15834] Cameroon. Current status: Synonym of Microctenopoma nanum (Günther, 1896). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma nigricans Norris, 1995 - nigricans climbing gourami [=Microctenopoma nigricans Norris [S. M.], 1995:369, Fig. 11] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 21948] Lubi River, tributary to Sankuru River, about 160 air-kilometers south-southeast of Kananga, about 23°E to the south of 7°S, Democratic Republic of Congo. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma nigricans Norris, 1995. Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma ocellifer (Nichols, 1928) - Nichols' climbing gourami [=Anabas muriei ocellifer Nichols [J. T.], 1928:3, Fig. 3] Notes: [American Museum Novitates No. 309; ref. 15863] Ankoro, junction of Lualaba and Luvua rivers, Katanga Province, Democratic Republic of Congo. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma ocellifer (Nichols, 1928). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma pekkolai (Rendahl, 1935) - Pekkola's climbing gourami [=Anabas pekkolai Rendahl [H.], 1935:16, Fig. 6] Notes: [Annales zoologici Societatis zoologicae Botanicae Fennicae Vanamo v. 2 (2); ref. 13741] Tonga, White Nile River, Sudan. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma pekkolai (Rendahl, 1935). Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Microctenopoma uelense Norris & Douglas, in Norris, 1995 - uelense climbing gourami [=Microctenopoma uelense Norris [S. M.] & Douglas [M. E.], in Norris, 1995:364, Fig. 8] Notes: [Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters v. 6 (no. 4); ref. 21948] Unspecified tributary of Nangbalama River, northeastern most of Congo River system, Uele District, just outside Garamba National Park, Democratic Republic of Congo. Current status: Valid as Microctenopoma uelense Norris & Douglas, 1995. Anabantidae. Distribution: Africa. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Sandelia Castelnau, 1861 - climbing gouramies [=Sandelia Castelnau [F. L.], 1861:36, Diacopoma Smith [A.], 1832:19, Spirobranchus Cuvier [G.], 1829:229] Notes: [ref. 767]. Fem. Sandelia bainsii Castelnau, 1861. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Sandelia Castelnau, 1861 -- (Liem 1962:43 [ref. 20932], Gosse 1986:413 [ref. 6194]). Current status: Valid as Sandelia Castelnau, 1861. Anabantidae. (Diacopoma) [ref. 30409]. Masc. Diacopoma typicus Smith, 1832. Type by original designation. Not used as valid after 1899; therefore reversal of priority according to ICZN Art. 23.9 in favor of Sandelia Castelnau, 1861. •In the synonymy of Sandelia Castelnau 1861. Current status: Synonym of Sandelia Castelnau, 1861. Anabantidae. (Spirobranchus) [ref. 995]. Masc. Spirobranchus capensis Cuvier, 1829. Type by subsequent monotypy. Species name listed with original description of genus but without distinguishing features. Objectively invalid; preoccupied by Spirobranchus Owen, 1818 in Vermes. •In the synonymy of Sandelia Castelnau, 1861 -- (Gosse 1986:413 [ref. 6194]). Current status: Synonym of Sandelia Castelnau, 1861. Anabantidae.

Species Sandelia bainsii Castelnau, 1861 - rocky kurper [=Sandelia bainsii Castelnau [F. L.], 1861:37, Ctenopoma microlepidotum Günther [A.], 1861:565] Notes: [Mémoire sur les poissons de l'Afrique australe; ref. 767] Kowie River near Grahamstown, eastern Cape Colony, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Sandelia bainsii Castelnau, 1861. Anabantidae. Distribution: Southern Africa: South Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (microlepidotum) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 3; ref. 1964] Fresh waters of the Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Sandelia bainsii Castelnau, 1861. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Sandelia capensis (Cuvier, 1829) - Cape kurper [=Spirobranchus capensis Cuvier [G.], 1829:229, Diacopoma typicoides Smith [A.], 1832:20, Diacopoma typicus Smith [A.], 1832:19, Anabas vicinus Boulenger [G. A.], 1916:51, Fig. 28] Notes: [Le Règne (Edition 2) v. 2; ref. 995] Cape of Good Hope, South Africa. Current status: Valid as Sandelia capensis (Cuvier, 1829). Anabantidae. Distribution: Southern Africa: South Africa. Habitat: freshwater. (typicoides) [The South African Quarterly Journal No. 5, for Oct.1831; ref. 30409] Lakes and rivers of the eastern part of the Colony as well as those more to the interior of the continent [Cape Province, South Africa]. Current status: Synonym of Sandelia capensis (Cuvier, 1829). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater. (typicus) [The South African Quarterly Journal No. 5, for Oct.1831; ref. 30409] Rivers towards the southern extremity of Africa [Cape Province, South Africa]. Current status: Synonym of Sandelia capensis (Cuvier, 1829). Anabantidae. (vicinus) [Catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Africa v. 4; ref. 585] Port Elizabeth, Cape Province, South Africa. Current status: Synonym of Sandelia capensis (Cuvier, 1829). Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater

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Unavailable names, uncertain taxa breviventralis, Anabas Pellegrin [J.] 1938:377 [Bulletin de la Société Zoologique de France v. 63; ref. 17213] Congo River basin, Democratic Republic of Congo. Holotype (unique): MNHN 1938-0031. Type catalog: Blanc 1963:71 [ref. 19851]. •Valid as Anabas breviventralis Pellegrin 1938 -- (Gosse 1986:404 [ref. 6194]). •Questionably a synonym of Ctenopoma kingsleyae Günther 1896 -- (Norris & Douglas 1992:718 [ref. 19869]). Current status: Uncertain as Ctenopoma kingsleyae Günther 1896. Anabantidae. Habitat: freshwater.