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Aquatic Ecology Assessment at Boteka Aquatic Ecology Aquatic Ecology Assessment at Boteka Aquatic Ecology Project Number: CDC2950 Prepared for: Feronia PHC August 2015 _______________________________________________________________________________________ Digby Wells and Associates (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd (Subsidiary of Digby Wells & Associates (Pty) Ltd). Co. Reg. No. 2010/008577/07. Fern Isle, Section 10, 359 Pretoria Ave Randburg Private Bag X10046, Randburg, 2125, South Africa Tel: +27 11 789 9495, Fax: +27 11 789 9498, [email protected], www.digbywells.com _______________________________________________________________________________________ Directors: DJ Otto, GB Beringer, LF Koeslag, AJ Reynolds (Chairman) (British)*, J Leaver*, GE Trusler (C.E.O) *Non-Executive _______________________________________________________________________________________ This document has been prepared by Digby Wells Environmental. Report Type: Aquatic Ecology Project Name: Aquatic Ecology Assessment at Boteka Project Code: CDC2950 Name Responsibility Company Date Russell Tate (Pr. Survey and report Digby Wells August 2015 Sci. Nat.) writer Environmental Digby Wells Brett Reimers Report Reviewer May 2015 Environmental Digby Wells Marion Thomas Report Reviewer May 2015 Environmental This report is provided solely for the purposes set out in it and may not, in whole or in part, be used for any other purpose without Digby Wells Environmental prior written consent. Digby Wells Environmental i Aquatic Ecology Aquatic Ecology Assessment at Boteka CDC2950 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Digby Wells Environmental was commissioned by Feronia PHC to conduct aquatic ecological specialist studies on their Boteka oil palm concession, located within the central Congo basin. The aim of this study was to establish the conservation value of the aquatic ecosystems associated with the oil palm concession. As such, this study aims to establish the ecological status, degree of endemism, conservation status of species and overall conservation value of the associated river courses. The river systems associated with the Boteka concession were found to be in an unmodified state with instream and riparian habitats that were natural. A total of 43 different fish species were captured during the February 2015 survey which included 5 endemic species. The majority of the sampled species were found to be classified as “Least Concern” (40) with 4 “not evaluated” and 1 “data deficient” classification. An endemic assessment revealed a total of 30 endemic taxa expected to be present in the Boteka concession. Of the total expected endemic taxa, 28 are of “least concern” with 2 species “data deficient”. No Rare, Threatened or Endangered species were captured or expected within the Boteka oil palm concession. The presence of several endemic taxa resulted in the classification of the river systems considered as highly endemic. Furthermore, the presence of an abundance of juvenile fish species in the larger Western and Loleka Rivers provides an indication that the rivers are important nursery areas. Recommendations have been made to study further the smaller tributaries considered in this study as well as confirm the nursery function of the larger Western and Loleka Rivers. Additionally, it was found that, the current planting regime on the Boteka oil palm concession is adequate to allow for the presence of an effective buffer zone which has reduced the potential for aquatic ecological impacts by the agricultural activity. Digby Wells Environmental ii Aquatic Ecology Aquatic Ecology Assessment at Boteka CDC2950 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Expertise of the Aquatic Specialist .......................................................................... 1 2 Methodology...................................................................................................................... 1 2.1 Surveys ................................................................................................................... 1 2.2 Water Quality .......................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Aquatic Habitat ........................................................................................................ 2 2.3.1 Intermediate Habitat Integrity Assessment........................................................ 2 2.4 Fish ......................................................................................................................... 5 2.4.1 Conservation Status and Expected Species ..................................................... 6 3 Study Sites, General Aquatic Habitat and Expected Diversity .......................................... 6 3.1 General Aquatic Habitat and Expected Diversity ..................................................... 6 3.2 Aquatic Habitat of the Boteka Concession ............................................................... 8 4 Results ............................................................................................................................ 13 4.1 Water quality ......................................................................................................... 14 4.2 Intermediate Habitat Assessment Index ................................................................ 14 4.2.1 Fish community assessment .......................................................................... 16 4.2.2 Endemic and Conservation Assessment ........................................................ 30 5 Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 31 5.1 Water quality ......................................................................................................... 31 5.2 Intermediate Habitat Integrity Assessment ............................................................ 32 5.3 Fish ....................................................................................................................... 34 5.3.1 Fish Community Assessment ......................................................................... 34 5.3.2 Endemic and Conservation Status Assessment ............................................. 35 6 Recommendations .......................................................................................................... 36 7 High Conservation Value related aspects ....................................................................... 36 8 Conclusions ..................................................................................................................... 38 9 References ...................................................................................................................... 39 Digby Wells Environmental iii Aquatic Ecology Aquatic Ecology Assessment at Boteka CDC2950 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 3-1: Freshwater fish species richness of the various Freshwater Ecoregions of the world (Abel et al. 2008). ........................................................................................................ 7 Figure 3-2: Endemic freshwater fish species richness of the various Freshwater Ecoregions of the world (Abel et al. 2008). .............................................................................................. 7 Figure 3-3: Location of the aquatic sampling points for the Boteka aquatic survey (February 2015). ................................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 3-4: Thick detritus substrate observed in the smaller tributaries (BOT5, February 2015). ................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 3-5: Extensive lily pads (Nymphaea sp.) observed in the Loleka River (February 2015). ................................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 3-6: Floodplains observed in the Western River (February 2015). ............................ 11 Figure 5-1: Barriers present on the Boteka concession (February 2015). ............................ 32 Figure 5-2: Man-made burrows, Boteka concession (February 2015). ................................ 33 Figure 5-3: Nets left permanently in the rivers, Boteka concession (February 2015). .......... 34 Figure 5-4: Small-mesh seine net used to catch juvenile/small fishes (February 2015) ....... 34 LIST OF TABLES Table 2-1: Criteria in the Assessment of Habitat Integrity (Kleynhans, 1996). ....................... 2 Table 2-2: Table giving descriptive classes for the assessment of modifications to habitat integrity (Kleynhans, 1996).................................................................................................... 3 Table 2-3: Criteria and weights used for the assessment of habitat integrity (Kleynhans, 1996). ................................................................................................................................... 4 Table 2-4: Intermediate habitat integrity assessment categories (Kleynhans, 1996). ............ 5 Table 3-1: Global Positioning System (GPS) co-ordinates for the aquatic sampling points of the Boteka oil palm concession (February 2015 survey). .................................................... 10 Table 3-2: General habitat photographs at each site during the February 2015 survey. ...... 12 Table 4-1: In situ water quality results obtained during the February
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