Marine Reptiles
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Marine Reptiles
Species group report card – marine reptiles Supporting the marine bioregional plan for the North Marine Region prepared under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 Disclaimer © Commonwealth of Australia 2012 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and enquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities, Public Affairs, GPO Box 787 Canberra ACT 2601 or email [email protected] Images: A gorgonian wtih polyps extended – Geoscience Australia, Hawksbill Turtle – Paradise Ink, Crested Tern fishing – R.Freeman, Hard corals – A.Heyward and M.Rees, Morning Light – I.Kiessling, Soft corals – A.Heyward and M.Rees, Snubfin Dolphin – D.Thiele, Shrimp, scampi and brittlestars – A.Heyward and M.Rees, Freshwater sawfish – R.Pillans, CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Yellowstripe Snapper – Robert Thorn and DSEWPaC ii | Supporting the marine bioregional plan for the North Marine Region | Species group report card – marine reptiles CONTENTS Species group report card – marine reptiles ..........................................................................1 1. Marine reptiles of the North Marine Region .............................................................................3 2. Vulnerabilities and pressures ................................................................................................ -
Reptiles A. Cladistics 1. Many Groups of Organisms
Reptiles A. Cladistics 1. Many groups of organisms are “polyphyletic” a. This means that the group combines 2 or more lineages - example=fish 2. Cladistics follows only pure lineages going back in time - example Osteichthys B. Reptile Classifiecation - looks like a polyphyletic group 1. Dry skin - no loss of water through skin like amphibians 2. Aminotic egg - an egg that can survive on dry land - in contrast with the amphibian egg C. Mammals and Birds are derived from different lineages of reptiles (We will see below) D. Stem Reptiles 1. Different lineages based on the temporal region of their skulls - number of holes (or bars) a. These holes are necessary to accommodate large jaw muscles b. Anapsid Skull - no holes in temporal - jaws can move fast, but with little force 1. Muscles that move the jaw are small 2. There is no good paleotological evidence for the transition between amphibians and reptiles - no fossil intermediates a. Fossil amphibians have lots of dermal bones in skull b. Amphibians have no temporal openings in skull 1. (Aside) both fossil amphibians and primitive reptiles have a parietal “eye” that senses light and dark (“third” eye in middle of head) c. Reptile skull is higher than amphibian to accomodate larger jaw muscles d. Of the modern reptiles only turtles are anapsids 2. Diapsid Skull - has holes in the temporal region a. Diapsid reptiles gave rise to lizards and snakes - they have a diapsid skull 1. Also Tuatara, crocodiles, dinosaurs and pterydactyls Reptiles b. One group of diapsids also had a pre-orbital hole in the skull in front of eye - this hole is still preserved in the birds - this anatomy suggests strongly that the birds are derived from the diapsid reptiles 3. -
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha)
Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) by Richard Kissel A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Richard Kissel 2010 Morphology, Phylogeny, and Evolution of Diadectidae (Cotylosauria: Diadectomorpha) Richard Kissel Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Based on dental, cranial, and postcranial anatomy, members of the Permo-Carboniferous clade Diadectidae are generally regarded as the earliest tetrapods capable of processing high-fiber plant material; presented here is a review of diadectid morphology, phylogeny, taxonomy, and paleozoogeography. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of Diadectidae within Diadectomorpha, the sister-group to Amniota, with Limnoscelis as the sister-taxon to Tseajaia + Diadectidae. Analysis of diadectid interrelationships of all known taxa for which adequate specimens and information are known—the first of its kind conducted—positions Ambedus pusillus as the sister-taxon to all other forms, with Diadectes sanmiguelensis, Orobates pabsti, Desmatodon hesperis, Diadectes absitus, and (Diadectes sideropelicus + Diadectes tenuitectes + Diasparactus zenos) representing progressively more derived taxa in a series of nested clades. In light of these results, it is recommended herein that the species Diadectes sanmiguelensis be referred to the new genus -
The Global Distribution of Tetrapods Reveals a Need for Targeted Reptile
1 The global distribution of tetrapods reveals a need for targeted reptile 2 conservation 3 4 Uri Roll#1,2, Anat Feldman#3, Maria Novosolov#3, Allen Allison4, Aaron M. Bauer5, Rodolphe 5 Bernard6, Monika Böhm7, Fernando Castro-Herrera8, Laurent Chirio9, Ben Collen10, Guarino R. 6 Colli11, Lital Dabool12 Indraneil Das13, Tiffany M. Doan14, Lee L. Grismer15, Marinus 7 Hoogmoed16, Yuval Itescu3, Fred Kraus17, Matthew LeBreton18, Amir Lewin3, Marcio Martins19, 8 Erez Maza3, Danny Meirte20, Zoltán T. Nagy21, Cristiano de C. Nogueira19, Olivier S.G. 9 Pauwels22, Daniel Pincheira-Donoso23, Gary Powney24, Roberto Sindaco25, Oliver Tallowin3, 10 Omar Torres-Carvajal26, Jean-François Trape27, Enav Vidan3, Peter Uetz28, Philipp Wagner5,29, 11 Yuezhao Wang30, C David L Orme6, Richard Grenyer✝1 and Shai Meiri✝*3 12 13 # Contributed equally to the paper 14 ✝ Contributed equally to the paper 15 * Corresponding author 16 17 Affiliations: 18 1 School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX13QY, UK. 19 2 Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, 20 Ben-Gurion University, Midreshet Ben-Gurion 8499000, Israel. (Current address) 21 3 Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel. 22 4 Hawaii Biological Survey, 4 Bishop Museum, Honolulu, HI 96817, USA. 23 5 Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA. 24 6 Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus Silwood Park, 25 Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 7PY, UK 26 7 Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, UK. 27 8 School of Basic Sciences, Physiology Sciences Department, Universidad del Valle, Colombia. -
Mesozoic Marine Reptile Palaeobiogeography in Response to Drifting Plates
ÔØ ÅÒÙ×Ö ÔØ Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates N. Bardet, J. Falconnet, V. Fischer, A. Houssaye, S. Jouve, X. Pereda Suberbiola, A. P´erez-Garc´ıa, J.-C. Rage, P. Vincent PII: S1342-937X(14)00183-X DOI: doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 Reference: GR 1267 To appear in: Gondwana Research Received date: 19 November 2013 Revised date: 6 May 2014 Accepted date: 14 May 2014 Please cite this article as: Bardet, N., Falconnet, J., Fischer, V., Houssaye, A., Jouve, S., Pereda Suberbiola, X., P´erez-Garc´ıa, A., Rage, J.-C., Vincent, P., Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates, Gondwana Research (2014), doi: 10.1016/j.gr.2014.05.005 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Mesozoic marine reptile palaeobiogeography in response to drifting plates To Alfred Wegener (1880-1930) Bardet N.a*, Falconnet J. a, Fischer V.b, Houssaye A.c, Jouve S.d, Pereda Suberbiola X.e, Pérez-García A.f, Rage J.-C.a and Vincent P.a,g a Sorbonne Universités CR2P, CNRS-MNHN-UPMC, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, -
Sea Snakes Lose Their Stripes to Deal with Pollution : Nature News
NATURE | NEWS Sea snakes lose their stripes to deal with pollution Melanin pigment in darkened skin binds to pollutants and helps animals rid themselves of chemicals. Rachael Lallensack 10 August 2017 Klaus Stiefel The melanin pigment in the turtle-headed sea snake's dark bands binds to pollutants. Sea snakes that live in polluted waters have evolved to ‘fill in’ their light stripes, darkening their skins to cope with pollution. The finding1 adds turtle-headed sea snakes (Emydocephalus annulatus) to the diverse list of creatures that exhibit ‘industrial melanism’, when darker animal varieties become dominant in polluted environments. The phenomenon is a classic example of natural selection, and one of the best-known cases — the spread of the dark version of the peppered moth in sooty nineteenth-century Britain — is often quoted in biology textbooks. For decades, evolutionary ecologist Rick Shine has snorkelled in the bays of Nouméa in the South Pacific island of New Caledonia to study the sea snake species and collect their shed skins. Over the years, while studying the Related stories Related stories snakes in the Indo–Pacific, he • Dark satanic wings • Dark satanic wings noticed something curious: in some populations, most snakes were jet • Evolution sparks silence • Evolution sparks silence black, whereas in others, most of the crickets of the crickets sported pale banding or blotchy • The peppered moth's • The peppered moth's white markings. dark genetic past dark genetic past revealed revealed In 2014, Claire Goiran, a marine biologist at the University of New More related stories More related stories Caledonia in Nouméa who sometimes helped Shine to collect sea snakes, came across a study about Parisian pigeons2. -
Marine Reptiles Arne R
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Study of Biological Complexity Publications Center for the Study of Biological Complexity 2011 Marine Reptiles Arne R. Rasmessen The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts John D. Murphy Field Museum of Natural History Medy Ompi Sam Ratulangi University J. Whitfield iG bbons University of Georgia Peter Uetz Virginia Commonwealth University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/csbc_pubs Part of the Life Sciences Commons Copyright: © 2011 Rasmussen et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Downloaded from http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/csbc_pubs/20 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for the Study of Biological Complexity at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Study of Biological Complexity Publications by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Review Marine Reptiles Arne Redsted Rasmussen1, John C. Murphy2, Medy Ompi3, J. Whitfield Gibbons4, Peter Uetz5* 1 School of Conservation, The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts, Copenhagen, Denmark, 2 Division of Amphibians and Reptiles, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America, 3 Marine Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 4 Savannah River Ecology Lab, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina, United States of America, 5 Center for the Study of Biological Complexity, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America Of the more than 12,000 species and subspecies of extant Caribbean, although some species occasionally travel as far north reptiles, about 100 have re-entered the ocean. -
Early Triassic Marine Reptile Representing the Oldest Record Of
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Early Triassic marine reptile representing the oldest record of unusually small eyes in reptiles Received: 20 April 2018 Accepted: 12 December 2018 indicating non-visual prey detection Published: xx xx xxxx Long Cheng1, Ryosuke Motani 2, Da-yong Jiang 3, Chun-bo Yan1, Andrea Tintori4 & Olivier Rieppel5 The end-Permian mass extinction (EPME) led to reorganization of marine predatory communities, through introduction of air-breathing top predators, such as marine reptiles. We report two new specimens of one such marine reptile, Eretmorhipis carrolldongi, from the Lower Triassic of Hubei, China, revealing superfcial convergence with the modern duckbilled platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), a monotreme mammal. Apparent similarities include exceptionally small eyes relative to the body, snout ending with crura with a large internasal space, housing a bone reminiscent of os paradoxum, a mysterious bone of platypus, and external grooves along the crura. The specimens also have a rigid body with triangular bony blades protruding from the back. The small eyes likely played reduced roles during foraging in this animal, as with extant amniotes (group containing mammals and reptiles) with similarly small eyes. Mechanoreceptors on the bill of the animal were probably used for prey detection instead. The specimens represent the oldest record of amniotes with extremely reduced visual capacity, utilizing non-visual cues for prey detection. The discovery reveals that the ecological diversity of marine predators was already high in the late Early Triassic, and challenges the traditional view that the ecological diversifcation of marine reptiles was delayed following the EPME. Te modern marine ecosystem would be incomplete without air-breathing, tetrapod predators, such as cetaceans and pinnipeds1, which dominate the list of the heaviest marine predators. -
Morphology, Reproduction and Diet of the Greater Sea Snake, Hydrophis Major (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae)
Coral Reefs https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-019-01833-5 REPORT Morphology, reproduction and diet of the greater sea snake, Hydrophis major (Elapidae, Hydrophiinae) 1 1 2 R. Shine • T. Shine • C. Goiran Received: 5 January 2019 / Accepted: 9 June 2019 Ó Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Although widespread, the large Hydrophiinae relatives in some respects, other characteristics (such as sea snake Hydrophis major is poorly known ecologically. scale rugosity, low proportion of juveniles in collections, We dissected 119 preserved specimens in museum col- frequent production of small litters of large offspring) may lections to quantify body sizes and proportions, sexual reflect adaptation to marine habitats. dimorphism, reproductive biology and diet. The sexes mature at similar snout–vent lengths (SVLs, about 75 cm) Keywords Dietary specialisation Á Disteira major Á and attain similar maximum sizes (females 123 cm vs. Elapidae Á Life-history Á Olive-headed sea snake Á Trophic males 122 cm SVL), but females in our sample exhibited ecology larger mean sizes than did males (means 98.8 vs. 93.1 cm SVL). The adult sex ratio in museum specimens was highly female-biased (64:30), and the high proportion of repro- Introduction ductive females during the austral summer suggests annual reproduction. At the same SVL, females had shorter tails Rates of speciation are higher in the viviparous sea snakes and wider bodies than did males, but sex differences in (Hydrophiinae) than in any other extant group of reptiles. other body proportions (e.g. tail shape, head dimensions, In particular, one clade of sea snakes—the Hydrophis eye diameter) were minimal. -
Marine Protected Species Identification Guide
Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Marine protected species identification guide June 2021 Fisheries Occasional Publication No. 129, June 2021. Prepared by K. Travaille and M. Hourston Cover: Hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Photo: Matthew Pember. Illustrations © R.Swainston/www.anima.net.au Bird images donated by Important disclaimer The Chief Executive Officer of the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development and the State of Western Australia accept no liability whatsoever by reason of negligence or otherwise arising from the use or release of this information or any part of it. Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development Gordon Stephenson House 140 William Street PERTH WA 6000 Telephone: (08) 6551 4444 Website: dpird.wa.gov.au ABN: 18 951 343 745 ISSN: 1447 - 2058 (Print) ISBN: 978-1-877098-22-2 (Print) ISSN: 2206 - 0928 (Online) ISBN: 978-1-877098-23-9 (Online) Copyright © State of Western Australia (Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development), 2021. ii Marine protected species ID guide Contents About this guide �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������1 Protected species legislation and international agreements 3 Reporting interactions ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������4 Marine mammals �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5 Relative size of cetaceans �������������������������������������������������������������������������5 -
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Speciestm
Species 2014 Annual ReportSpecies the Species of 2014 Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme Species ISSUE 56 2014 Annual Report of the Species Survival Commission and the Global Species Programme • 2014 Spotlight on High-level Interventions IUCN SSC • IUCN Red List at 50 • Specialist Group Reports Ethiopian Wolf (Canis simensis), Endangered. © Martin Harvey Muhammad Yazid Muhammad © Amazing Species: Bleeding Toad The Bleeding Toad, Leptophryne cruentata, is listed as Critically Endangered on The IUCN Red List of Threatened SpeciesTM. It is endemic to West Java, Indonesia, specifically around Mount Gede, Mount Pangaro and south of Sukabumi. The Bleeding Toad’s scientific name, cruentata, is from the Latin word meaning “bleeding” because of the frog’s overall reddish-purple appearance and blood-red and yellow marbling on its back. Geographical range The population declined drastically after the eruption of Mount Galunggung in 1987. It is Knowledge believed that other declining factors may be habitat alteration, loss, and fragmentation. Experts Although the lethal chytrid fungus, responsible for devastating declines (and possible Get Involved extinctions) in amphibian populations globally, has not been recorded in this area, the sudden decline in a creekside population is reminiscent of declines in similar amphibian species due to the presence of this pathogen. Only one individual Bleeding Toad was sighted from 1990 to 2003. Part of the range of Bleeding Toad is located in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Future conservation actions should include population surveys and possible captive breeding plans. The production of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species™ is made possible through the IUCN Red List Partnership. -
Food Habits and Distribution of the Lake Taal Sea Snake
Asian Herpetological Research 2014, 5(4): 255–262 ORIGINAL ARTICLE DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00255 Food Habits and Distribution of the Lake Taal Sea Snake (Hydrophis semperi Garman 1881) and the Sympatric Little File Snake (Acrochordus granulatus Schneider 1799) in Lake Taal, Philippines Vhon Oliver S. GARCIA1*, Rey Donne S. PAPA1, 2, 3, Jonathan Carlo A. BRIONES1, 3, Norman MENDOZA4, Noboru OKUDA5 and Arvin C. DIESMOS6 1 The Graduate School, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines 2 Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines 3 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines 4 Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Philippines 5 Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Japan 6 Herpetology Section, Zoology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, Philippines Abstract Our knowledge about the food habits of sea snakes and how it is associated with their distribution has seen much development through its description across a number of species available through published literature except for the key threatened species such as Hydrophis semperi. This paper aims to describe the food habits of H. semperi through gut content and stable isotope analyses. We also compared data with the Little File Snake, Acrochordus granulatus, sympatric with H. semperi. Recorded captures of H. semperi suggest that the sea snake tends to occur in the littoral zones and the shallower portions of the limnetic zone. Gut content analysis of H. semperi have shown that gobies and eels are primary prey items. Halfbeaks (Family Hemiramphidae) were recorded as one of the Lake Taal Sea Snake’s prey items which is considered as a new prey record for sea snakes.