Latin American Revolutions Democratic revolutions against Spanish colonial rule took place in Latin America from 1791 • toDemocratic 1825. revolutions against Spanish colonial The revolutions were inspired by Enlightenment ideas of self-rule and representative government.rule took place in Latin America from 1791 to 1825. • The revolutions were inspired by Enlightenment ideas of self-rule and representative government. Haiti (1791-1804) Bolivia (1809-1825) Argentina (1810-1817) Chile (1810-1818) Colombia (1810-1819) Mexico (1810-1821) Paraguay (1811) Venezuela (1811-1822) Peru (1821) Ecuador (1822) Brazil (1822)
Haitian Rebellion Toussaint Louverture led the successful Haitian slave rebellion against France in 1791. The French took back Haiti and captured Louverture in 1803. Under Jean-Jacques Dessalines, the Haitians defeated the French and declared Haiti a free constitutional republic in 1804.
Louverture Dessalines
Bolivia and Venezuela •Bolivia proclaimed independence from Spain in 1809. •After 16 years of internal struggle, Bolivia became a republic on August 6, 1825 •Bolivia was named after Simón Bolívar, one
of the main leaders in the fight for independence in Latin America.
•Venezuela was the first Spanish-American colony to achieve its independence. Venezuela was fully liberated from Spain by Simón Bolívar in 1823. He was helped by three generals: Alexandre Pétion José Antonio Páez Antonio José de Sucre
Alexandre Pétion José Antonio Páez Antonio José de Sucre José de San Martín and Independence for Argentina and Chile On July 9, 1816, Argentina declared independence from Spain. The revolution was led by José de San Martín, who was also responsible for liberating Chile in 1818. Together with Simón Bolívar, San Martín is regarded as one of the liberators of Spanish South America. The Battle of Chacabuco and Independence for Chile
José de San Martín Gran Colombia Simón Bolívar defeated the Spanish armies under Joseph Bonaparte, king of Spain, and proclaimed the Republic of Colombia, known as Gran Colombia, in 1819. Gran Colombia was an independent constitutional republic from 1821 to 1830. It encompassed present-day Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Panama, as well as smaller parts of Costa Rica, Peru, Brazil and Guyana. Mexico Roman Catholic priest Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla declared Mexico’s independence on September 16, 1810.
In 1821 Mexico broke free of Spain and established the First Mexican Empire.
Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Mexico established a constitutional republic in 1824 with Guadalupe Victoria as its first president. Peru Remained Loyal to Spain Peru gained independence in military campaigns led by José de San Martín and Simón Bolívar.
San Martín proclaimed the independence of Peru on July 28, 1821 saying, "From this moment on, Peru is free and independent, by the general will of the people and the justice of its cause that God defends. Long live the homeland! Long live freedom! Long live our independence!" Brazil and Portugal Brazil was governed by Portugal, whose rulers encouraged peace and stability. In 1808, the Portuguese royal court, fleeing Napoleon’s army, moved to Rio de Janeiro, making it the capital of Portugal. Brazil became independent on September 7, 1822. Dom Pedro became the first emperor of Brazil on December 1, 1822. Paraguay and Ecuador
Paraguay declared its independence from Spain on May 14, 1811. Dr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco became the first leader of Paraguay.
Ecuador declared independence from Spain on May 24, 1822. Ecuador became independent after Antonio José de Sucre defeated the Spanish Ecuador became part of Simón Bolívar's Republic of Gran Colombia and later became a republic in 1830.