DOCSLIB.ORG

The Persistent Protocols

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Persistent Protocols Stephen Eric Bronner. A Rumor about the Jews: Antisemitism, Conspiracy, and the Protocols of Zion. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2003. 177 pp. $12.95, paper, ISBN 978-0-19-516956-0. Reviewed by Gordon Fisher Published on H-Antisemitism (June, 2000) The fagrant forgery known as the Protocols conspiracy by a group of Jews (the "Elders of of the Elders of Zion (and variants of this, e.g. with Zion") to "enslave Christian civilization under a "Learned Elders" or "Wise Men" in place of just new world order run by the leading elder of Zion" "Elders") surfaced sometime in the last decade of (p. 5). the nineteenth century, apparently in Russia. It In Chapter Three, the author gives a brief dis‐ seems to have been frst published, in Russian, in cussion of varieties of antisemitism in general, 1903. However, its exact origin and its authors re‐ which provides a context for discussion of the in‐ main clouded in mystery, despite numerous ef‐ fluence of the Protocols. forts over the past 80 years or so to track them In Chapter Five, the author considers the con‐ down. The document was definitively shown to be nection of the Protocols with the anticommunist a forgery in 1921, for example by Philip Graves in political movements which followed World War I, a series of articles in the Times of London. Since and dissemination and support of the Protocols in then, there have been many works examining the a number of countries by reactionary forces, such sources for the forgery, and predecessors for the as threatened monarchies and nobilities. fantastic theory which it elaborates. There is a consideration as well of perhaps Those interested in the etiology and prove‐ the most notorious believers in the truth of the nance of the forgery will fnd a treatment of this Protocols, namely, Adolf Hitler, various of his offi‐ subject in Chapter Four of the present work. In cials, and many other Germans. As to the influ‐ Chapter Two, the author gives some excerpts ence of the Protocols on the Holocaust, the author from the Protocols, taken from an English transla‐ cautiously suggests that this sui generis event tion published in 1922. This translation, by Victor transcends the antisemitism of the later nine‐ Marsden, is (rather ominously) easily available in teenth and frst decade or so of the twentieth cen‐ full on the internet today. The central theme of the turies. Of course, it is difficult to estimate the ef‐ Protocols is the announcement of a world wide fect of a single document such as the Protocols on H-Net Reviews something like the course of antisemitism in Ger‐ bringing about of the Russian Revolution by these many and elsewhere, but directly and indirectly it international and for the most part atheistical seems to have had as much influence as a single Jews. It is certainly a very great one; it outweighs document can have. At the least, it can serve, as all others" (p. 107). The formulation of this pas‐ the author says, as a "basis for these reflections on sage suggests convincingly that Churchill based antisemitism" (p. 4). his remarks on the content and "spirit" of the Pro‐ The author is interested in explaining and tocols, if not the exact text. In Chapter Six, the au‐ conjecturing about why the Protocols had such a thor speculates on the nature of antisemitism to‐ powerful political and social effect in numerous day, especially as contrasted with the period be‐ societies and nations during the frst half of the fore the end of World War II. On the whole, the twentieth century. Bronner quotes Hannah author is rather optimistic. For example, he says Arendt (p. 122): " ... if a patent forgery like the "The world is different than it was in the interwar "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" is believed by so period: antisemitism is no longer either an ideolo‐ many people that it can become the text of a gy dealing with the destiny of mankind or a pre‐ whole political movement, the task of the histori‐ text. ... The overwhelming attempt to destroy the an is no longer to discover a forgery. Certainly it is Jews turned into its opposite: the holocaust left in not to invent explanations which dismiss the chief its wake a Jewish people more existentially, if not political and historical fact of the matter: that the necessarily politically, unified than ever before. forgery is being believed. This fact is more impor‐ The destruction of fascism initiated what has be‐ tant than the (historically speaking, secondary) come a strengthened commitment to the values of circumstance that it is a forgery." The author the liberal state ...." (p. 134). Still, as the author adds: "The point is not whether they are true, but notes, the Protocols, and content based on them, rather whether the antisemite believes them to be knowingly or not, can be found in considerable true" (p. 122). In fact, those who try to prove to be‐ quantity on the Internet. The author suggests, lievers in the truth of the Protocols that they are however, that promotion of material based on the false will customarily fnd themselves on the Protocols, and analogous material, is the work of wrong track. A "true" antisemite can always fnd people who are "on the fringe", and that "its use reasons to believe in the "essential" truth of the by extremist groups actually helps antifascists Protocols, even in the face of overpowering evi‐ and humanists track them and their activities" (p. dence to the contrary. 138). The document is so palpably a forgery in the Finally, the author reflects on such matters as minds of many people that it can become for the relationship of so-called postmodernist and them a problem of considerable interest and anti-Enlightenment attitudes toward anti‐ depth to try to discover why it has had the influ‐ semitism, on the extent to which "Antisemitism is ence it has had. For example, no less a person the stupid answer to a serious questions: how than Winston Churchill wrote in 1920 (before does history operate behind our backs?" (p. 140), Graves's exposure of the forgery) "this worldwide and "if antisemitism is no longer a threat in the conspiracy for the overthrow of civilization and terms of times past, what does this imply for Jews for the reconstruction of society on the basis of ar‐ and for Judaism?" (p. 147). rested development, of envious malevolence, and Copyright (c) 2000 by H-Net, all rights re‐ impossible equality has been steadily growing ... served. This work may be copied for non-profit there is no need to exaggerate the part played in educational use if proper credit is given to the au‐ the creation of Bolshevism and in the actual 2 H-Net Reviews thor and the list. For other permission, please con‐ tact [email protected]. If there is additional discussion of this review, you may access it through the network, at https://networks.h-net.org/h-antisemitism Citation: Gordon Fisher. Review of Bronner, Stephen Eric. A Rumor about the Jews: Antisemitism, Conspiracy, and the Protocols of Zion. H-Antisemitism, H-Net Reviews. June, 2000. URL: https://www.h-net.org/reviews/showrev.php?id=4178 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0 United States License. 3.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Abstract in the First Years of the Twentieth Century, an Anti-Semitic Document Appeared in Russia That Profoundly Shaped The
    Abstract In the first years of the twentieth century, an anti-Semitic document appeared in Russia that profoundly shaped the course of the entire century. Despite being quickly discredited as a plagiarized forgery, The Protocols of the Elders of Zion spread across the world, being translated into dozens of languages and utilized as hateful rhetoric by leaders of many religions and nationalities. While the effects of the document were felt internationally, the Protocols also helped to reshape centuries old prejudices about Jews in a country still in its infancy, Germany. This “hoax of the twentieth century” helped to redefine age-old anti- Semitic values firmly ingrained within German society, and helped Adolf Hitler and his Nazi Party justify committing the landmark genocide of world history, the Holocaust. Utilizing a variety of sources, particularly the actual text of the Protocols and the writings of Adolf Hitler, this examination argues that Hitler and his cabinet became progressively more radicalized towards extermination of the Jews due to their belief in the Jewish world conspiracy outlined within the Protocols. 1 Introduction: Jews in Europe “The weapons in our hands are limitless ambitions, burning greediness, merciless vengeance, hatreds, and malace.”1 This phrase is attributed to a collection of omnipotent Jews supposedly bent on world domination. Collectively called the “Elders of Zion,” this group outlined how it will accomplish its goals of global supremacy in a forged book titled The Protocols of the Elders of Zion. The weapons these Elders claimed to hold were substantial: they asserted control over all aspects of the media and world-banking systems, and maintained their agents had already infiltrated international governments.
    [Show full text]
  • General Assembly Distr
    UNITED NATIONS A General Assembly Distr. GENERAL A/HRC/S-9/NGO/3 8 January 2009 ENGLISH ONLY HUMAN RIGHTS COUNCIL Ninth special session Written statement* submitted by the Association for World Education (AWE), a non-governmental organizations on the Roster The Secretary-General has received the following written statement which is circulated in accordance with Economic and Social Council resolution 1996/31. [7 January 2009] * This written statement is issued, unedited, in the language received from the submitting non- governmental organization. GE.09-10131 A/HRC/S-9/NGO/3 page 2 1. We call for a humanitarian break-through in Gaza and the continuation of constructive negotiations between the Israeli Government (current and future) and Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas – and like-minded Palestinian political leaders: The aim should be a two-state solution, acceptable to both sides and guaranteeing peaceful coexistence and mutual recognition between the two peoples – with human dignity recognised for all. 2. Negotiations between the authorities of Israel and Hamas are made more difficult by the refusal of each to consider the other as legitimate. This difficulty was made evident by the EU and French mediation efforts on 4-6 January 2009. The mediators had to appeal to other intermediaries, whether Syrians, Turks or Egyptians, to undertake discussions with Hamas. Such mutual non-recognition of the legitimacy of each prevents the necessary face-to-face negotiations to cease the current fighting and strive for a peace solution. Hamas considers “the land of Palestine is an Islamic waqf, consecrated for future Muslim generations until Judgment Day.” (Article 11) – and, therefore, Israel will never be a legitimate State and cannot be recognised by Hamas.
    [Show full text]
  • Danilo Kiš's Fictionalization of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion
    “The Conspiracy, or The Roots of the Disintegration of European Society.” Danilo Kiš’s Fictionalization of the Protocols of the Elders of Zion Dagmar Burkhart Keywords Danilo Kiš; collective memory; thanatopoetics; conspiracy; Book of Kings and Fools; Protocols of the (Learned) Elders of Zion; pogroms Conspiracies have probably been a part of life ever since societies started to be- come more complex and at a time when those in power developed conflicting in- terests. The basic, literal meaning of the verb conspire (from the Latin conspira- re and its derivative, conspiratio, “agreement, union, unanimity”) is “to breathe together,” whereby breathing together was taken to mean “to agree, to concur to one end,” whether that purpose be good or evil (e.g. Genesis 37,18; “They con- spired against [Joseph] to slay him”). Since the middle of the fourteenth century conspiracy has been used in English to mean, first and foremost, “a plotting of evil, unlawful design; a combination of persons for an evil purpose.” The word conspire has, thus, assumed primarily negative connotations: “to secretly plot or make plans together, often with the intention to bring bad or illegal results.”1 Most conspiracy theories are generated in times of crisis. They occupy the space between political constellations and psychological mechanisms. They have much in common with paranoia: the loss of one’s ability to put things into per- spective, a static perception, the narrowed outlook of an extremely egocentric or 1 See “conspire” in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/con- spire 314 | Burkhart group-driven point of view.2 One of the conspiracy theories that has been most relevant in building an enemy stereotype is based on anti-Semitism, which sup- plied the greatest impetus for the persecution of Jews and legitimated the use of violence against them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Protocols of the Elders of Zion
    The Protocols of the Elders of Zion The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion (Russian: "Протоколы сионских мудрецов" or "Сионские протоколы") is one of many titles given to an antisemitic text purporting to describe a plan to achieve global domination by the Jewish people. Following its first public publication in 1903 in the Russian Empire, a series of articles printed in The Times in 1921 revealed that much of the material was directly plagiarized from earlier works of political satire unrelated to Jews. [1] Publication history The Protocols appeared in print in the Russian Empire as early as 1903. The anti-Semitic tract was published in Znamya , a Black Hundreds newspaper owned by Pavel Krushevan, as a serialized set of articles. It appeared again in 1905 as a final chapter (Chapter XII) of a second edition of Velikoe v malom i antikhrist (The Great in the Small & Antichrist), a book by Serge Nilus. In 1906 it appeared in pamphlet form edited by G. Butmi. [1] These first three (and subsequently more) Russian language imprints were published and circulated in the Russian Empire during 1903–1906 period as a tool for scapegoating Jews, blamed by the monarchists for the defeat in the Russo-Japanese War and the 1905 Russian Revolution. Common to all three texts is the idea that Jews aim for world domination. Since The Protocols are presented as merely a document, the front matter and back matter are needed to explain its alleged origin. The diverse imprints, however, are mutually inconsistent. The general claim is that the document was stolen from a secret Jewish organization.
    [Show full text]
  • Preconditions: Nazism and the Turn from Anti-Judaism to Antisemitism
    Gigliotti / The Holocaust Final Proof 15.10.2004 9:08am page 9 Part I Preconditions: Nazism and the Turn from Anti-Judaism to Antisemitism NORWAY FINLAND NORTHERN (3,000) SWEDEN (2,500) Percentage of Jews in population IRELAND (10,000) ESTONIA (5,000) 4–10 percent North Sea DENMARK LATVIA 1–4 percent IRELAND (8,000) Baltic (95,000) (5,000) GREAT Less than 1 percent Sea Gigliotti / The Holocaust Final Proof 15.10.2004 9:08am page 10 BRITAIN LITHUANIA (390,000) (155,000) NETHERLANDS (150,000) GERMANY USSR Atlantic Ocean POLAND (3,000,000) BELGIUM (175,000) (3,300,000) (70,000) CZECHOSLOVAKIA SWITZ. LUX. (360,000) (4,000) (25,000) AUSTRIA FRANCE (190,000) HUNGARY (350,000) (450,000) ROMANIA (800,000) PORTUGAL YUGOSLAVIA Black Sea ITALY (75,000) (4,000) SPAIN BULGARIA CORSICA (57,000) (5,000) (France) (50,000) ALBANIA TURKEY (200) GIBRALTAR in) pa SARDINIA (Britain) s. (S TANGIERS alearic I (Italy) B GREECE (Int. Zone) SPANISH M e d (75,000) MOROCCO i t e r SICILY r a n 300 miles FRENCH ALGERIA TUNISIA e MALTA a n MOROCCO (France) (France) S e a CRETE 400 km (Greece) Map 1 Europe and its Jews, 1938 Gigliotti / The Holocaust Final Proof 15.10.2004 9:08am page 11 Preconditions: Nazism and the Turn from Anti-Judaism to Antisemitism When discussing antisemitism as a central cause of the Holocaust, or what the Nazis termed ‘‘The Final Solution of the Jewish Question,’’ it is im- portant to distinguish between types of antisemitism. Also important are the comparative contexts of antisemitism’s historical development and re- ception, and its expression throughout the Nazi regime’s political and racial re-organization of German society through laws, decrees, terror and violence from 1933, for example, in and after the ‘‘Night of Broken Glass’’ or Kristallnacht of November 9–10, 1938.
    [Show full text]
  • The Life and Work of Harold Williams (1876-1928)
    Russian Liberalism and British Journalism: the life and work of Harold Williams (1876-1928) a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Charlotte Alston School of Historical Studies, University of Newcastle-up on-Tyne May 2004 N[WCASTL[ UNIVCRSITY LIBRARY 203 02835 1 CONTENTS page Abstract Acknowledgements ii Preface III Illustrations lV Introduction 1 1. New Zealand, 1876-1900 13 2. Journalism, 1900-1914 46 3. Britain, Russia, War and Revolution, 1907-1917 101 4. From Revolution to Intervention, 1917-1921 158 5. The Times, 1921-1928 221 Conclusion 253 Bibliography 257 Abstract This thesis examines the career of Harold Williams (1876-1928), a journalist who, after training as a Methodist minister at home in New Zealand and taking a doctorate in philology in Germany, spent the years 1904-18 working as a foreign correspondent in Russia and in the 1920s became Foreign Editor of The Times in London. Although the thesis traces Williams's life as a whole, its particular concern is with his role as an interpreter of Russia to the British and the British to Russia. As a correspondent, Williams covered the 1905 revolution in Russia, the Duma period, the effect on Russia of the First World War, the fall of the tsarist monarchy and the coming of the Bolsheviks. Since, in 1917, his dispatches were appearing simultaneously in the Daily Chronicle, the Daily Telegraph and the New York Times, he played a not insignificant part in the fonnation of both British and American opinion about the Russian Revolution. Because he tended to take sides and pursue causes, his journalistic work was by no means entirely neutral.
    [Show full text]
  • 288361069.Pdf
    LOUGHBOROUGH UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LIBRARY AUTHOR/FILING TITLE ---------- ----~~-~-~:.<='?~-.>--~- ------------ -------------------------------- -).- ---------·------ ' ACCESSION/COPY NO. '1 . I _!?_~-':\:~-~:1_\':?~---------- ------ VOL. NO. CLASS MARK ~~ .-1 Ovls91J ~·- / ------- -- -~------------------------------ - --- -~--~-~----------- ----, ANTI-SEMITIC JOURNALISM AND AUTHORSHIP IN BRITAIN 1914-21 by David Beeston A Doctoral Thesis Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award of Doctor of Philosophy of the Loughborough University of Technology (December 1988) - --------------------- ~ DECLARATION This thesis is a record of research work carried out by the author in the Department of Economics of Loughborough University of Technology and represents the independent work of the author; the work of others has been referenced where appropriate. The author also certifies that neither this thesis nor the original work contained herein has been submitted to any other institutions for a degree. DAVID BEESTON ----------------------------------------------------------~ ABSTRACT ANTI-SEMITIC JOURNALISM AND AUTHORSHIP IN BRITAIN. 1914-21 by DAVID BEESTON This thesis illustrates how anti-semitism has found favour, comparatively recently, among influential sectors of the journalistic and literary establishment, and also how periods of intense national and international crisis can create the conditions in which conspiratorial explanations of major events will surface with relative ease. During the seven years following
    [Show full text]
  • Simon Beattie Short List 4
    Simon Beattie Short List 4 Simon Beattie Short List 4 What can you expect from my latest Short List? There’s iconography: characters from Dickens, the first Russian parliamentarians, 1920s beauty queens, and the members of a New York bowling club. There’s Cicero from New Orleans, and Plutarch from Moscow. The English are made fun of in Bruges, while the Romanovs are made a fuss of in Sicily. There’s a lost performance of Mozart, revolutionary songs from Tsarist Russia, and a score given by Tchaikovsky to Fauré. Read about Rousseau’s relationships with women, George Bernard Shaw on the Soviet stage, and a century and a half of Quaker history. All that, plus the universal blueprint for modern conspiracy theories. And if you’ve had enough of reading, there’s even a magazine you can listen to instead. I am pleased to report that I am now a member of the Antiquarian Booksellers’ Association. Perhaps see you at a book fair soon? 06 08 10 ghligh 10 12 12 14 14 16 hts 16 18 20 22 Hig 20 22 NOVEL GAME Dickens Dickens’ characters turned Victorian parlour game. Item No 02: Full description on page 24 06 08 Russia’s first parliament Duma The First State Duma of 1906, Russia’s fi rst ever elected parliament, may have been short-lived, but this didn’t stop leading Moscow photographer Karl Fisher from publishing this superb souvenir. Item No 03: See full description on page 24 10 Sexicography Eros Pretty printed boards belie what’s inside for the Biedermeier and, indeed, the modern reader, in this frank dictionary of sexuality.
    [Show full text]
  • The Protocols of Zion: Revelation of the Method
    wariscrime.com http://wariscrime.com/new/the-protocols-of-zion-revelation-of-the-method/ The Protocols of Zion: Revelation of the Method David Livingstone | Conspiracy School 3,240 views May 19, 2015 An objective look at the world today will clearly reveal that a disproportionate number of people in positions of power in Western countries have Jewish names. For those who are the brunt of the nefarious activities of Western foreign policy, particularly the Middle East, “the Jews” then become the logical scapegoat. Fueling their suspicion is the enduring popularity of the notorious Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, which outline an intricate and centuries-old Judeo-Masonic conspiracy to bring about a New World Order, to be governed by the “King of the Jews.” To the unbiased observer, not intimidated by the cowardly tactics of the media, who dismiss any research into conspiracies as “paranoid,” the Protocols present a remarkable similarity to events as they appear to be unfolding. However, there is a deeper plot afoot than conspiracy researchers believe they discover by reading the Protocols, and that is the devious ruse of deliberately cultivating anti-Semitism in support of the Zionist cause. The Protocols seem to be a product of such an audacious scheme. As outlined in his diaries, Theodor Herzl, the father of Zionism, sought to deliberately inflame anti-Semitism. Following the perception of Jews declared in the Protocols, he wrote, “the wealthy Jews control the world. In their hands lies the fate of the governments and nations. They set governments one against the other, and by their decree governments make peace.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Semitism: Myth and Hate from Antiquity to the Present by Marvin Perry and Frederick Schweitzer Tells a Story That Must Be Confronted and Overcome
    PRAISE FOR ANTISEMITISM: “This book is timely, useful, and admirably readable. Its voice needs to be heard.” —Michael R. Marrus, Chancellor Rose and Ray Wolfe Professor of Holocaust Studies and Dean of the Graduate School, University of Toronto “A lucidly written work that reminds us that Man’s myth-making propensity lives side by side with his rationality.” —Henry L. Feingold, Board of Directors of the Center for Jewish History “[A] tour de force [that] follows upon the late Edward H. Flannery’s ground- breaking classic, The Anguish of the Jews.” —John Pawlikowski, O. S. M., President, International Council of Christians and Jews, Journal of Ecumenical Studies “[W]ell-written and insightful... well researched and quite worthwhile.” —Leonard Dinnerstein, Church History “A substantial, comprehensive, and updated historical survey of the main anti- semitic myths.” —Leon Volovici, Antisemitism International “Anti-Semitism: Myth and Hate from Antiquity to the Present by Marvin Perry and Frederick Schweitzer tells a story that must be confronted and overcome. Times such as these put the Perry-Schweitzer book on the required reading list.” —Editorial, Richmond Times-Dispatch “Perry and Schweitzer navigate the history of anti-Semitism with a firm hand, utilizing the latest scholarship and confronting controversial issues without fear.” —Library Journal “An extensive and informative survey and analysis of anti-Semitic myths... Antisemitism should be found upon the Judaic Studies shelves of every college and community library in the country.” —Midwest Book Review “[The authors] have rendered an invaluable service... explor[ing] and expos[ing]... anti-Semitism, a perennial plague of Western civilization.” —Rabbi Israel Zoberman, The Virginian Pilot “A wonderful read on a poignant topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Letters of Percy
    PERCY COX GB165-0341 Reference code: GB165-0341 Title: Sir Percy Cox Collection Name of creator: Cox, Sir Percy Zachariah (1864-1937) Knight, Major General, Colonial Administrator and Diplomat Dates of creation of material: 1895-1956 Level of description: Fonds Extent: 2 boxes Biographical history: COX, Sir Percy Zachariah (1864-1937) Born 20 November 1864 the youngest son of Arthur Z Cox of Harwood Hall, Essex. Married Louisa Belle Hamilton, youngest daughter of Surgeon-General J.Butler Hamilton in 1889. Educated at Harrow and Sandhurst. Joined army 1884 and served with 2nd Batt., Cameronians until 1889; joined the Indian Staff Corps in 1889; Indian Political Department 1890; Vice-Consul Zaila, Somali Coast in 1893; Berbers 1894-95; Consul and Political Agent, Muscat, Arabia, 1899-1904; Consul-General, Bushire in 1904; Political Resident, Persian Gulf in 1909; Secretary Foreign Department Government of India in 1914; Chief Political Officer, Indian Expeditionary Force “D” 1914-1918, (G.C.I.E, despatches); Acting British Minister to Persia, 1918-1920 (K.C.M.G): High Commissioner in Mesopotamia, 1920-1923 (G.C.M.G); British Plenipotentiary for negotiations with Turkey regarding Turko-Iraq Frontier, 1924; Plenipotentiary for India at Conference in Geneva, May 1925, for framing Convention for Control of Arms Traffic; D.C.L. (Hon.) Oxford University, 1925; LL.D. (Hon.) Manchester University, 1929; D.L. Bedfordshire. Died on 20 February 1937. Scope and content: Predominantly incoming correspondence covering Cox’s career between 1895 and 1937. The few outgoing letters from Cox normally consist of draft copies of letters. There is also some correspondence between Gertrude Bell and Arthur Hirtzel.
    [Show full text]
  • Jewish Ffairs Affairs Jewish Affairs Jewish
    J EEWISHW I S H A FFFAIRSFA I R S Catherine Tran, youth rhino ambassador, www.wildrhino.org Meet tomorrow’s heroes Youth against rhino poaching Rhino poaching is one of the most significant conservation issues faced by South Africa, and time is running out. In response to this crisis, Investec Rhino Lifeline is raising awareness by educating youths in South Africa and Vietnam. The future of rhino depends on the passion of the youth, and by working closely with trusted partners, we aim to inspire young people to become future conservation heroes. By taking an Out of the Ordinary approach, we believe that we can help ensure the survival of one of Africa’s most important assets. www.investecrhinolifeline.com #rhinolifeline We wish our Jewish customers a filled with light. Holiday of Chanukkah www.picknpay.co.za. Customer Care 0800 11 22 88. Toll free landline only. Cellphone rates apply. MISSION EDITORIAL BOARD In publishing JEWISH AFFAIRS, the SA EXECUTIVE EDITOR Jewish Board of Deputies aims to produce a cultural forum which caters for a wide David Saks SA Jewish Board of Deputies variety of interests in the community. The journal will be a vehicle for the publication of ACADEMIC ADVISORY BOARD articles of significant thought and opinion on Suzanne Belling Author and Journalist contemporary Jewish issues, and will aim to Dr Louise Bethlehem Hebrew University of Jerusalem encourage constructive debate, in the form of Marlene Bethlehem SA Jewish Board of Deputies reasoned and researched essays, on all matters Cedric Ginsberg University of South Africa of Jewish and general interest.
    [Show full text]