Why Was the Eu Created? Key Words

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

WHY WAS THE EU CREATED? KEY WORDS • Rhine-Ruhr Valley • Economic asset • Supranational • Jean Monnet • Schuman Plan • Robert Shuman • Europe Day • ECSC • Inner Six WORLD WAR II After the physical and financial destruction of WWII, European nations sought to find a way to prevent war and promote peace COAL AND STEEL RESOURCES The Rhine-Ruhr Valley had been a major economic asset to Germany during WWII. This region, shared with France, allowed Germany to manufacture resources to help them build economic and military strength Why would a country need steel during a war? Why would a country need coal during a war? SCHUMAN PLAN • Orginally created by Jean Monnet • European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC) • Create single authority to control production of coal steel • Mainly between France and West Germany • Proposed by Robert Schuman on May 9, 1950 • Celebrated as Europe Day • “Inner Six” founding members • France, West Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg EUROPEAN COAL AND STEEL COMMUNITY • Treaty of Paris ratified in 1952 by all 6 members • Created a common market for coal and steel • Goal: prevent buildup of resources that would allow for the rise of a military superpower and lead to war • Legacy of Germany in WWII • First supranational organization • Policy controls all nations and has a higher authority than national laws • Created base organization for what would eventually become the European Union MAIN GOAL OF ECSC: WORLD PEACE “The pooling of coal and steel production… will change the destinies of those regions which have long been devoted to the manufacture of munitions of war…” “Make war not only unthinkable but materially impossible” .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

EUROPEAN UNION.Pdf
EUROPEAN UNION The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of 27 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU has developed an internal single market through a standardised system of laws that apply in all member states in those matters, and only those matters, where members have agreed to act as one. EU policies aim to ensure the free movement of people, goods, services and capital within the internal market, enact legislation in justice and home affairs and maintain common policies on trade, agriculture, fisheries and regional development. SOME FACTS ABOUT EU 1. The European Union has its own flag, complete with twelve stars, that generally thought of as a symbol of unity and perfection. 2. The European Union has a motto. It reads: United in Diversity. 3. There are 24 official languages in the European Union. 4. The main currency in the EU is the Euro, but not every country has adopted it. Today, it is the official currency of 19 countries. 5. Member countries aren’t forced to remain in the European Union. Any country is allowed to leave if they so choose, but they obviously must notify the EU of that decision. 6. The European Union has won the Nobel Peace Prize. It was awarded to the EU in 2012 based on its contributions towards peace and reconciliation. 7. The European Parliament is the largest and only directly-elected international body in the world. TIMELINE World War II After World War II, European integration was seen as an antidote to the extreme nationalism which had devastated parts of the continent.
[Show full text]
The European Union and the United Kingdom's Withdrawal BREXIT
PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Tlemcen Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of English Section of English The European Union and the United Kingdom’s Withdrawal BREXIT Dissertation submitted to the Department of English as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Literature and Civilization Presented by Supervised by Mr. Abdallah NEGADI Dr. Daoudi FRID Mr. Mohammed Amine BELAID . Academic Year: 2016-2017 I Dedication I dedicate my work to my family members who encouraged me. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears To all my friends II Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr FRID Daoudi for his guidance and valuable comments. This thesis would have never been accomplished without his considerable help, advice and guidance. For that, I owe my gratitude to him for his efforts. I extend my gratitude to the teachers who helped me in this study and the members of examiners for having accepted to read and examine my dissertation. Last but not least, great thanks go to all who helped me with encouragement and support which have never ceased all along the preparation of my work. III Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the British relations with the European Union during the last five decades, and to provide analysis of Britain's contemporary position towards the EU. The main question posed by this work concerns whether Britain is well out of the European Union club after the referendum held in June 2016.
[Show full text]
Swedish Economic Integration Into the European Union As a Latecomer: Policy Recommendations for Asian Economic Integration
ADBI Working Paper Series SWEDISH ECONOMIC INTEGRATION INTO THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A LATECOMER: POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION Sang-Chul Park No. 1134 May 2020 Asian Development Bank Institute Sang-Chul Park is a professor at the Graduate School of Knowledge-Based Technology and Energy of the Korea Polytechnic University, Republic of Korea. The views expressed in this paper are the views of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of ADBI, ADB, its Board of Directors, or the governments they represent. ADBI does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this paper and accepts no responsibility for any consequences of their use. Terminology used may not necessarily be consistent with ADB official terms. Working papers are subject to formal revision and correction before they are finalized and considered published. The Working Paper series is a continuation of the formerly named Discussion Paper series; the numbering of the papers continued without interruption or change. ADBI’s working papers reflect initial ideas on a topic and are posted online for discussion. Some working papers may develop into other forms of publication. The Asian Development Bank refers to “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “Korea” as the Republic of Korea, and “Hong Kong” as Hong Kong, China. Suggested citation: Park, S.-C. 2020. Swedish Economic Integration into the European Union as a Latecomer: Policy Recommendations for Asian Economic Integration. ADBI Working Paper 1134. Tokyo: Asian Development Bank Institute. Available: https://www.adb.org/publications/swedish- economic-integration-european-union-latecomer Please contact the authors for information about this paper.
[Show full text]
European Citizens' Involvement in the Eu Report of a Qualitative Study – National Results
EUROPEAN CITIZENS' INVOLVEMENT IN THE EU REPORT OF A QUALITATIVE STUDY – NATIONAL RESULTS Content Austria……………………………………………………………………………………….…2 Bulgaria…………………………………………………………………………………….…25 Czech Republic……………………………………………………………………………….43 Estonia………………………………………………………………………………………..62 France…………………………………………………………………………………………83 Germany……………………………………………………………………………………..103 Greece……………………………………………………………………………………….120 Hungary……………………………………………………………………………………..139 Ireland……………………………………………………………………………………….161 Italy………………………………………………………………………………………….179 Latvia………………………………………………………………………………………..201 Malta………………………………………………………………………………………...220 Poland……………………………………………………………………………………….235 Romania……………………………………………………………………………………..250 Spain…………………………………………………………………………………………271 Sweden………………………………………………………………………………………288 The Netherlands……………………………………………………………………………..304 The United Kingdom………………………………………………………………………..320 European Qualitative Network EUROPEAN CITIZENS' INVOLVEMENT IN THE EU REPORT OF A QUALITATIVE STUDY IN AUSTRIA NOTRE EUROPE – JACQUES DELORS INSTITUTE EUROPEAN COMMISSION February 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 1 - INITIAL THOUGHTS ABOUT THE EUROPEAN UNION .............................................. 4 CHAPTER 2 - SOURCES OF INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE ON THE EU .................................. 8 CHAPTER 3 - QUESTIONS REGARDING THE FUTURE OF THE EU ................................................. 10
[Show full text]
One Europe? (From a Continental Correspondent)
THE ECONOMIC WEEKLY ANNUAL NUMBER FEBRUARY 1962 One Europe? (From a Continental Correspondent) What is most striking to an impartial observer of the European scene is the manner in which the old political Europe coexists with the new political Europe. Everything coexists in Europe to an asto nishing degree colonial sentiment with and colonial sentiment ; One-Europe sentiment with nationalist sentiment. De Gaulle represents one type of European; there are other types. Some are incorrigible federa lists who are in favour of a completely united Europe; some are confederalists who advocate much looser ties, and there are the nationalists who think the Common Market is a fraud intended to deprive them of their national patrimony. And yet; in numerous ways unity, at least in action in certain narrow fields, is being seen. The Common Market idea is gathering momentum though what shape it will ultimately take is too early to say. Will the removal of Customs barriers, the standardisation of laws relating to prices, salaries and wages and the prevention of cartels usher in political unity ? ARNAUD de Borchgrave, Chief The Western European Union and sharp : "I don't like Germans," European Correspondent for Assembly, consisting of the Inner he said, and in those three words Newsweek tells the story of how, Six and Britain. he poured the hatred of genera as he was crossing the Franco- The Council of Europe, which is tions. German frontier some days ago, the Inner Six. plus Britain, plus Can a United Western Europe, he was dutifully stopped by a 21- the European neutrals (Sweden, which is the dream of the West year old Customs' Inspector and Switzerland and Austria) plus German Defence Minister, Herr asked to open his hags.
[Show full text]
ARENA Working Paper 17/2005
Executive Politics as Usual: Role Behaviour and Conflict Dimensions in the College of European Commissioners Morten Egeberg Working Paper No.17, March 2005 This working paper can be downloaded from ARENAs homepage: http://www.arena.uio.no 1 Abstract While role behaviour and conflict dimensions in the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union have been fairly well documented, studies on the internal functioning of the College of the European Commission have been almost lacking. Thus, highly inconsistent images exist; ranging from portraying Commissioners as mainly independent Europeanists on the one hand, to seeing them as primarily national ‘ambassadors’ on the other. Although the main purpose of this article is to theorise College behaviour, some exploratory data indicate that Commissioners first and foremost champion their sectoral portfolio interests, while at the same time, although variably, being attentive to their collective responsibility within the Commission, their country of origin as well as their political party. Theoretically, Commissioners’ decision behaviour is accounted for by considering the organisational structure, demography, locus and culture within which they are embedded, as well as the type of policy they are dealing with. It seems as if politics in the College has much in common with politics within national cabinets. 2 Images of the European Commission There are indeed many images out there, among scholars as well as in political life, of how the European Commission (Commission) actually works. Some authors have portrayed is as being permeated by national interests at all levels (Kassim and Wright 1991; Peterson 1999; Menon 2003). Others emphasize that although Commissioners’ nationality certainly may have an impact on their preferences on some occasions, Commissioners, for the most part, approach and undertake their duties and tasks in an impartial manner (Nugent 2001: 115).
[Show full text]
Tracing the Treaties of the EU (March 2012)
A Union of law: from Paris to Lisbon — Tracing the treaties of the EU (March 2012) Caption: This brochure, produced by the General Secretariat of the Council and published in March 2012, looks back at the history of European integration through the treaties, from the Treaty of Paris to the Treaty of Lisbon. Source: General Secretariat of the Council. A Union of law: from Paris to Lisbon – Tracing the treaties of the European Union. Publications Offi ce of the European Union. Luxembourg: March 2012. 55 p. http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_data/librairie/PDF/QC3111407ENC.pdf. Copyright: (c) European Union, 1995-2013 URL: http://www.cvce.eu/obj/a_union_of_law_from_paris_to_lisbon_tracing_the_treaties_of_the_eu_march_2012-en- 45502554-e5ee-4b34-9043-d52811d422ed.html Publication date: 18/12/2013 1 / 61 18/12/2013 CONSILIUM EN A Union of law: from Paris to Lisbon Tracing the treaties of the European Union GENERAL SECRETARIAT COUNCIL THE OF 1951–2011: 60 YEARS A UNION OF LAW THE EUROPEAN UNION 2010011 9 December 2011 THE TREATIES OF Treaty of Accession of Croatia,ratiﬁcation in progress 1 December 2009 Lisbon Treaty, 1 January 2007 THE EUROPEAN UNION Treaty of Accession of Bulgaria and Romania, Treaty establishing a Constitution29 for October Europe, 2004 signed on did not come into force Lisbon: 13 December 2007 CHRON BOJOTUJUVUJPO $PVODJMCFDPNFT Treaty of Accession of the Czech Republic, Estonia, Cyprus, Latvia, t ЅF&VSPQFBO 1 May 2004 CFUXFFOUIF&VSPQFBO Lithuania, Hungary, Malta, Poland, Slovenia and Slovakia, t - BXNBLJOH QBSJUZ
[Show full text]
Fifteen Into One?
fifteen into one art 19/11/2002 9:14 am Page 1 EPRU Fifteen into one European Series Fifteen into one? Policy The European Union and its member states Research Unit Series The European Union and the roles of member states is one of the major topics of political debate and academic discourse. The evolution of the political system in Brussels and the developments within the individual member states promise new insights into the European integration process. This book provides a country-by- Fifteen country analysis of how European policy is made and applied in the member states. Its central focus is the involvement of national institutions in European policy-making: governments, parliaments, sub-national governments, the courts and public administrations. Who participates at which stages of the European Union’s policy cycle and how do national institutions and non-state actors interact into one? and fit into the Union’s system? The contributors show how member states have adapted their institutional structures in different ways to European integration, especially since the Maastricht The European Treaty. The editors argue that the extent and intensity of institutional interaction between the EU and its member states have led to a ‘system of institutional fusion’. Wessels, Maurer & Mittag Maurer Wessels, This timely book is the most comprehensive study yet of European policy-making Union and its at the national level and is aimed at scholars of integration studies and comparative politics. Professor Wolfgang Wessels is Jean Monnet Chair of
[Show full text]
Debating the European Union Transnationally – Wikipedians’ Construction of the EU on a Wikipedia Talk Page (2001-2015)
Debating the European Union transnationally – Wikipedians’ construction of the EU on a Wikipedia talk page (2001-2015) Susanne Elisabeth Kopf Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Linguistics and English Language Lancaster University April 2018 2 Vienna (AT), 10 April 2018 I declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted for the award of a higher degree elsewhere. Susanne Kopf 3 Abstract This thesis deals with the construction of the European Union (EU) as negotiated among contributors to the English Wikipedia between 2001 and 2015. It focuses on the Talk Page (TP) which accompanies the Wikipedia article on the EU and provides a space for Wikipedia contributors to discuss controversial issues regarding the article. The EU has received considerable attention in Critical Discourse Studies (CDS), addressing e.g. questions regarding language policy and discourses surrounding topics connected to the EU (e.g. Muntigl, Weiss, & Wodak, 2000; Unger, Krzyżanowski, & Wodak, 2014; Wodak, 2007a). However, private individuals’ attempts to make sense of the EU when facing the task of defining it have hardly been touched upon. In this context, Wikipedia constitutes an ideal repository of data as it has recorded debates on the institution since 2001. Taking a corpus-assisted approach (cf. Baker, 2006), I examine how contributors from various backgrounds have grappled with their understanding of the EU. Additionally, this study explores aspects of Wikipedia since this collaboratively created encyclopaedia has received little research attention. Taking the EU on Wikipedia as a starting point, this thesis presents a foray into how Wikipedia can be approached from a CDS perspective.
[Show full text]
Foundations of the European Union Precursors to the European Union
Foundations of the European Union Precursors to the European Union • European Coal and Steel Community (1950) • Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg and the Netherlands • Based on the Schuman Plan • Placed heavy industry under common management • Made it so countries could not secretly produce heavy weapons • European Economic Community (EEC) (1957) • Common Market agreement established by the Treaty of Rome • Allows for people and goods to move freely over borders for 12 year Period • Increased Economic Cooperation and Cultural Exchange • Common Agricultural Policy (1962) • Opens up agriculture • Standardizes Agricultural prices Influence of the Cold War • Following World War II the nations of Western Europe increasingly depended on each other against the impending threat of the Soviet Union • Formation of NATO in 1949 • Military cooperation and mutual protection Cultural Collaboration • Beatle Mania (1963) • Common music for post-war children (‘baby boomers’) • Erasmus Scheme (1987) • Allows European students to study in universities in other countries for one year • Sets framework for similar programs later • Schengen Agreement (1995) • Travelers can pass between these countries without having to go through passport control Economic Unification • European Monetary System (EMS) • European Currency Unit (1979) • Locks European currencies together • Steps towards single currency • The Euro • Digitally introduced Jan 1999 • Financial and Commercial Transaction • Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg,
[Show full text]
Beyond Plan B
Beyond Plan B Workbook II Core & Periphery Beyond Plan B - Core & Periphery Contents → Intro page 4 The workbook Core & Periphery is the second in a row of several workbooks within the research-project Beyond Plan B. → Chapter 1: The Center of Europe In the context of economic crises Beyond Plan B wants to bring together knowledge and expertise from the fields of economy, spatial-planning and governance to facilitate ↘ Unofficial Core & Unofficial Periphery page 15 a debate on options how to strengthen the resilience, the spatial qualities and the ↘ Official Core & Official Periphery page 25 governance of different area’s. → Chapter 2: Rhinelands The study Core & Periphery investigates the spatial reality around the economical loaded debate around a Core Europe and a Peripheral Europe. Unsurprisingly the ↘ Rhine Official page 47 study discovers that the Rhine can be seen as the core region of Europe in many ↘ Rhine Culture page 61 different layers. Yet this core is not one solid mass but is polycentric porous structure. ↘ Rhine Unofficial page 73 Depending on the definition of what is a core, this field can be interpreted and contextualized differently. From the utmost strong clump to a weak field one can find anything in it. The utmost strength of the core zones along the Rhine (London included) is its advanced state of ubiquity. The quest is, to discover the fundaments of Europe’s core to discover the basic structure of this ubiquity which gives the area its utmost resilience. On the base of it we hope to discover the deep relationship between the organization of space and the organization of economy.
[Show full text]
Europe Today: Bridges and Walls*
EUROPE TODAY: BRIDGES AND WALLS* Marta Cartabia Professor of Constitutional Law - Vice-President of the Italian Constitutional Court L’Europa è dunque in un turbine di problemi e di tensioni – al suo interno e nell’impatto con l’esterno – di sfide e di interrogativi 1. Nei momenti di crisi e di svolta [occorre] sprigionare visione e coraggio2. 1 EUROPE 2.0. TIMES OF CRISIS Problems, tensions, challenges, questions: in the words of Giorgio Napolitano – former President of Italy and outstanding and committed political actor on the European theater -, Europe and crisis are perceived as joined at the hip. The same perception has permeated current public opinion. Also in legal scholarship in the last 8-10 years, “crisis” is a topos of European studies. And rightly so. As Yves Mény has recently pointed out: «Une simple recherche bibliographique montre à quel point déplus une dizaine d’années l’UE est largement associée à l’idée de crise»3. Just to mention one of the most recent contribution in the Italian scholarship, in 2016 one of the issues of the Rivista Trimestrale di Diritto Pubblico4 has collected a bunch of valuable papers and essays dealing with the European crisis, starting with the insightful opening remarks by Luisa Torchia, In crisi per sempre? L’Europa tra ideali e realtà, through a wide range of analytical investigations covering issues like the economic and social crisis, immigration, fundamental rights, security, administrative and political crisis5. * I would like to thank dr. Alessandro Baro for his thourough editing, his integration of footnotes and cite references and his insightful observations on style and content: his help allowed me to enlighten and expand on my thought.
[Show full text]