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The European Union and the United Kingdom's Withdrawal BREXIT

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The European Union and the United Kingdom's Withdrawal BREXIT PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ALGERIA Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research University of Tlemcen Faculty of Letters and Languages Department of English Section of English The European Union and the United Kingdom’s Withdrawal BREXIT Dissertation submitted to the Department of English as a partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Literature and Civilization Presented by Supervised by Mr. Abdallah NEGADI Dr. Daoudi FRID Mr. Mohammed Amine BELAID . Academic Year: 2016-2017 I Dedication I dedicate my work to my family members who encouraged me. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity ring in my ears To all my friends II Acknowledgement First and foremost, I would like to thank my supervisor Dr FRID Daoudi for his guidance and valuable comments. This thesis would have never been accomplished without his considerable help, advice and guidance. For that, I owe my gratitude to him for his efforts. I extend my gratitude to the teachers who helped me in this study and the members of examiners for having accepted to read and examine my dissertation. Last but not least, great thanks go to all who helped me with encouragement and support which have never ceased all along the preparation of my work. III Abstract The aim of this study is to examine the British relations with the European Union during the last five decades, and to provide analysis of Britain's contemporary position towards the EU. The main question posed by this work concerns whether Britain is well out of the European Union club after the referendum held in June 2016. In this regard, the dissertation is divided into two chapters. The first chapter involves an overview about the European Union since its creation after the Second World War by the so called The Founding fathers who contributed effectively to the foundation of the actual European Union wherein they worked hard in order to establish peace and stability in the European continent particularly in the aftermath of the WWII, through the establishment of an economic and political integration. The European Union has been created through many treaties and agreement between the EU’s countries and it saw different stages of enlargement and expansions. The Second Chapter provides an analysis of the delicate UK’s relationship with the EU caused by the rise of Eurosceptic convictions among the British people towards the EU which led to the British exit from the European Union bloc. The rise of Eurosceptic movements increased since the UK’s joining the EU in 1973 until 2016 when former Prime Minister David Cameron decided to hold a referendum on the UK’s membership in June 2016, wherein the Britons said ‘YES’ to withdraw from the European Union. IV Table of Contents Dedication…………………………………………………………………......………….I Acknowledgement………………………………………………………..…….....……..II Abstract……………………………………………………………………...……......…III Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………..........IV General Introduction……………………………………………………….………..........7 Chapter one: History of EU (Historical background) 1.1. Introduction ………………............……………………………….….........................................................................................................................................................................................…..…......…... 12 1.2 The founding fathers of European Union..................................................................................................................................................13 1.2.1 Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill (1874-1965)...........................................................................................................13 1.2.2 Robert Schuman (1886 -1963)………….....................................................................................................…………..…………..............................14 1.2.3 Jean Monnet (1888-1979) …………...................................................................................................................…………..…………..............................14 1.2.4 Konrad Adenauer (1876-1967…………......................................................................................................…………..…………..............................15 1.2.5 Joseph Bech (1887-1975) …………....................................................................................................................…………..…………..............................15 1.2.6 Johan Willem Beyen (1897- 1976) ………….......................................................................................................…………..…………...........16 1.2.7 Alcide De Gasperi (1881- 1954) …………......................................................................................................................…………..………….......................................... 17 1.2.8 Walter Hallstein (1901-1982) ………….....................................................................................................…………..…………..............................17 1.2.9 Sicco Mansholt (1908-1995) …………...................................................................................................……..………..…………..............................18 1.2.10 Paul-Henri Spaak (1899 -1972) …………...................................................................................................…………………….....…………..........................................18 1.2.11 Altiero Spinelli (1907-1986) …………...................................................................................................…………..………………………………...........................................19 1.3 Emergence of the European Union …………............................................................................................................………..………………..…………..............................19 1.3.1 Genesis…………...................................................................................................……………………………………………………………………………………………..…………………..............................20 1.3.1.1 The Treaty of Paris (18 April 1951) …………..................................................................................…………..…………........................20 1.3.1.2 The Treaty of Rome (March 1957) …………................................................................................…………..…………..............................21 1.3.2 Growth…………...................................................................................................……………………………………………………………..……….…..…………..............................22 1.3.2.1 The Single European Act (SEA) February 1986 …………...................................…………..………….......................... .22 1.3.2.2 Treaty of Maastricht February 1992…………............................................................................…………..…………..............................23 1.3.2.3 Treaty of Amsterdam 1997…………...................................................................................................…………..……....………..............................24 1.3.3 Expansion…………...................................................................................................…………..…………………………………..……………………………..............................26 1.3.3.1 Treaty of Nice 2001…………...................................................................................................…………..…………………………………..............................26 1.3.3.2 Treaty of Lisbon 2007…………...................................................................................................…………..…………....................................................26 1.4 The Euro…………...................................................................................................…………...............................................…………..…………...................................................27 V 1.5 Schengen…………...................................................................................................………………………..............................................…………..………………...............................29 1.6 Roots/origins of the BREXIT…………...................................................................................................…………..……………..…........................................31 1.6.1 Attitudes of the British people towards BREXIT…………........................................................................................................32 1.7Conclusion…………....................................................................................................................…………………..............................…………..…………........................................33 Chapter Two: The Brexit 2.1. Introduction…………...................................................................................................…………..….............................................…………..………........................................ 36 2.2 History of the delicate relationships between BRITAIN and EUROPE...................................................... 37 2.3 Article 50 …………...........................................……………………………………………………………………….............................................……………………..…..…… 41 2.4 Definition of BREXIT……………….……………………………………………………………...........................………………………………....……....…… 42 2.5 Procedures of UK’s withdrawal from the EU (BREXIT) …………….........………………………......……...…….. 42 2.6 Conclusion………………………………………………………………......................…………………………………………….........………………........……………….......47 General conclusion ……………………………………………………...................…………………………………………….........…….....…………........………………49 Bibliography ……………………………………………………......................…………………………………………….........………………...................................………………51
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