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The Straight Baselines in International Maritime Law: Impact on Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone

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The Straight Baselines in International Maritime Law: Impact on Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone THE STRAIGHT BASELINES IN INTERNATIONAL MARITIME LAW: IMPACT ON CONTINENTAL SHELF AND EXCLUSIVE ECONOMIC ZONE Thesis Submitted in Candidature of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in National Defence University Islamabad Submitted By Syed Mahmood Akhter Hussain Gardezi Reg. No. NDU-PCS/PhD/F.09/011 2016 Supervisor Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmad Choudhary DEPARTMENT OF PEACE & CONFLICT STUDIES FACULTY OF CONTEMPORARY STUDIES NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY, ISLAMABAD PAKISTAN CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION We hereby recommend that thesis submitted by Syed Mahmood Akhter Hussain Gardezi titled ―The Straight Baselines in International Maritime Law: Impact on Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone‖ be accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the degree of PhD in the Discipline of Peace and Conflict Studies. Prof. Dr. Ishatiaq Ahmad Choudhary (Supervisor) ________________________ (External Examiner) Countersigned By _____________________ _____________________ (Controller of Examinations) (Head of the Department) i SCHOLAR‟S DECLARATION I hereby declare that thesis submitted by me titled ―The Straight Baselines in International Maritime Law: Impact on Continental Shelf and Exclusive Economic Zone‖ is based on my own original research work and has not been submitted to any other institution for any other degree. Syed Mahmood Akhter Hussain Gardezi ____ November, 2016 Phd Scholar ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I thank Almighty with whose Help, Grace and Guidance I could accomplish my study despite my extremely scheduled commitments. I offer my sincerest gratitude to Professor Dr. Ishtiaq Ahmad Choudhary, my supervisor, whom I owe special thanks. He has been a great source of guidance and inspiration. Professor Dr. Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema, my co-supervisor, for valuable input during the research. The PCS staff of National Defence University for their support during my work. Mr M Naveed Iqbal, my assistant, who has been a source of great help in my computer work whose contribution will remain unforgettable. I extend my heartiest gratitude to Dr. Muhammad Ihsan Qadir for his valuable contribution and help during the entire research project. I am extremely grateful to Alumni of International Maritime Law Institute, Malta, National Institute of Oceanography (Pakistan) and all the distinguished scholars for their cooperation and help. My elder brother and sisters deserve special appreciation for perennial guidance for the pursuit of my education. Finally, I have many reasons to thank my wife, son Anique, Ali and Hassan who sacrificed at lot many occasions due to my commitment with this research project. Without family‘s moral support and patience, this work could have only been a dream. All errors, omission and inadequacies in this research project are attributable to the author. The views and comments are my own and do not reflect National Defence University position or represent Pakistan policy. iii Dedicated to my late father who being educationist was well aware of the power of knowledge and my mother (May she live long) a great source of inspiration. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS CERTIFICATE OF COMPLETION ....................................................................... I SCHOLAR‟S DECLARATION .............................................................................. II ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................... III TABLE OF CONTENTS ..........................................................................................V LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. IX LIST OF PRINCIPAL CONVENTIONS AND INSTRUMENTS ....................XII LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................. XIV LIST OF GRAPHS ................................................................................................. XV LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................ XVI LIST OF CHARTS .............................................................................................. XVII ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... XVIII CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................................................... 4 Statement of Problem........................................................................................................................................ 5 Objective of Study............................................................................................................................................. 7 Scope and Significance of Study .................................................................................................................... 7 Research Limitations ........................................................................................................................................ 9 Hypothesis ........................................................................................................................................................ 10 Research Questions ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Research Design and Methodology.............................................................................................................. 10 Literature Review ............................................................................................................................................ 11 Outline of the Study ........................................................................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................. 24 HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF MARITIME LAW ........................................ 24 Maritime Law .....................................................................................................................................................24 Historical Tour de Horizon of Maritime Law .............................................................................................27 Egyptian Law .............................................................................................................................................. 30 Phoenician Law .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Rhodian Law ............................................................................................................................................... 32 Greek Law ................................................................................................................................................... 33 Chinese Law................................................................................................................................................ 33 Roman Law ................................................................................................................................................. 34 Lex Mercatoria and Lex Maritima .......................................................................................................... 36 Byzantine Law ............................................................................................................................................ 37 Arab and Muslim Law............................................................................................................................... 38 Rolls of Oleron ........................................................................................................................................... 39 Statutes of Towns and Maritime Ports ................................................................................................... 40 Laws of Wisby............................................................................................................................................ 40 Consolato Del Mare or Consulate of the Sea ........................................................................................ 41 Guidon de la Mer ....................................................................................................................................... 41 French Laws ................................................................................................................................................ 42 Ordonnace de la Marine ........................................................................................................................... 42 Malaccan Code ........................................................................................................................................... 43 English Law ................................................................................................................................................ 44 US Maritime Law....................................................................................................................................... 45 Glance at Maritime Claims in History .........................................................................................................46
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