DOCSLIB.ORG

Gaza – Palestine: out of the Margins

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Gaza – Palestine: out of the Margins Gaza – Palestine: Out of the Margins Edited by Mehrene Larudee Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies Birzeit University 2011 Gaza – Palestine: Out of the Margins Edited by Mehrene Larudee Published by Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies – Birzeit University “This work was carried out with the aid of a grant from the International Development Research Center, Ottawa, Canada.” First Edition – 2011 © All Rights Reserved ISBN 978-9950-316-43-0 Birzeit University P.O. Box 14, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine Telefax: +970(2)2982939 or +972(2)2982939 Email Address: [email protected] Website: http://home.birzeit.edu/ialiis Cover: Picture by Raed Bader “A wall graffiti in Ramallah downtown shows the interrelationship between Gaza and Palestine. Without Gaza it’s impossible to complete the Palestinian scene as it’s difficult to read the graffiti.” Design & Layout by: Ougarit Marketing Tel:02 29 88 4 88 Table of Contents Dr. Khalil Hindi: Statement of the President of Birzeit University.........1 Asem Khalil: Statement of the Director of the Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies..........................................................2 Filippo Grandi: Against all Odds - Advancing Human Development in Gaza......................................................................................................5 Sara Roy: A Land Diminished: Reflections on Gaza’s Landscape...........................................................................................14 Helga Tawil-Souri: The Hi-Tech Enclosure of Gaza..............................27 Julie Peteet: A Fortress Country and a Gated Enclave: Locating the Palestinian Margin..............................................................................50 Maha Samman Mansour: Israeli Colonial Contraction: The cases of the Sinai Peninsula and the Gaza Strip................................................77 Youssef Courbage: Gaza, an Ever Rebellious Demography?.............112 Asem Khalil: The ‘Protection Gap’ and the Palestinian Refugees of the Gaza Strip..........................................................................................126 Clemens Messerschmid: Water in Gaza – Problems & Prospects....136 Jean-Baptiste Humbert: Archaeology and Heritage in Gaza............188 Bashir Al-Zoughbi and Raed Bader: Conference Proceedings..........199 Mehrene Larudee: Concluding Remarks..........................................209 Annex I: Authors Bios........................................................................220 Annex II: Figures of Maha Samman Mansour’s article.....................222 Annex III: Figures of Youssef Courbage’s article...............................224 Annex IV: Figures of Clemens Messerschmid...................................233 Dr. Khalil Hindi: Statement of the President of Birzeit University Ladies and Gentlemen, Welcome to this international conference at Birzeit University, organized by the Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies entitled ‘Gaza - Palestine: Out of the Margins’. May I take this opportunity to thank all participants, particularly those who have come from abroad to share our concerns. I trust that this conference will mark the beginning of a long-lasting collaboration that will benefit Birzeit University, as well as your academic research. The conference aims to encourage reflection on the situation in Palestine; more particularly on the status of Gaza, thereby bridging a research gap clearly perceived by everyone interested in Palestinian public affairs and concerned about the increasing marginalization of Gaza. Birzeit University has always sought to encourage sound scientific research on Palestine, as part of its effort to have a leading role nationally, regionally and internationally. Our reflection on Gaza is not thinking about the other, but about the self. It is reflecting on the Palestinian identity, though, according to our late great poet, Mahmoud Darwish, it is an identity “under construction”, for “identity is what we bequeath, not what we inherit; what we invent, not what we remember.” I am looking forward in particular to the opening speech by the Commissioner-General of the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestinian Refugees, Mr. Filippo Grandi, which considers, contrary to all expectations, “advancing human development in the Gaza Strip.” Thank you for accepting the invitation to submit papers or to participate in the debate on the important topics under discussion. I wish the conference all the success it richly deserves and for which you have, no doubt, worked hard. 1 Asem Khalil: Statement of the Director of the Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies Dr. Khalil Hindi, President of Birzeit University, Mr. Filippo Grandi, Commissioner-General of UNRWA, Ladies and Gentlemen, We are honored at the Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies to inaugurate the Conference entitled ‘Gaza – Palestine: Out of the Margins’. The title and the theme of this conference may invoke questions for some and elicit curiosity on the part of others. In any event, we, the organizers of the conference, are its main beneficiaries. You have collectively emphasized the importance of the event by your presence here, even though it is a Friday morning, and despite the timing of the conference which, albeit by coincidence, comes after three international conferences held at Birzeit University in the past few weeks. Among the many communications we received in the run-up to this event, I shall always remember a message from someone inquiring about the “conference about Hamas which Birzeit is organizing.” As most of you in attendance know very well, this conference is neither about Hamas nor about Fatah, nor even the Palestinian Authority nor the Hamas-led government. It is about Palestine and the Palestinians, and about rejecting a situation in which thinking of a part of the nation has become a source of suspicion and a reason to question. Gaza is a part of the Palestinian nation, and its centrality needs to be recognized. Hence the title of this conference. As for the papers to be presented, they are all by academics who responded to the call for proposed research papers sent out by the Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute of International Studies more than six months ago – with the exception of Mr. Filippo Grandi who will honor us with his keynote address today, and I am personally grateful to him for having saved some of his time to be with us, despite all his many preoccupations, and Professor Sara Roy of Harvard University who will 2 give the second keynote address on ‘A land diminished - Reflections on Gaza’s landscape.’ This conference is one in a series of activities that the Forced Migration and Refugee Unit (FMRU) at the Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Institute is organizing, generously supported by Canada’s International Development Research Center (IDRC), the sole external sponsor of this conference. On behalf of the Institute and Birzeit University I would like to thank the IDRC and particularly Ms. Roula El-Rifai who is present with us today. A word of thanks goes out to all who have contributed their effort and time in the development of the foundations of the FMRU, which has now culminated in the development of a new concentration in Forced Migration and Refugee studies within the MA program in international studies. This places Birzeit University in a leading position in terms of pedagogy and research specialization, not simply at the Palestinian level, but also at that of the Arab world. The existence of such a concentration – the first of its kind in Palestine – is of particular importance with regard to understanding and treatment of issues of forced migration, refugees, and displacement which have faced and continue to face millions of Palestinians. We thus intend to summon up memories and enrich our understanding of the present, helping to supply these millions with tools for creating a better future. Here is a ‘deportation order’ against parliamentarians from Jerusalem; here is another order deporting a child, thus separating him from his family on the pretext of having thrown stones; here is an Israeli High Court decision allowing the demolition of Palestinian houses and approving the construction of the separation wall. Here is a military order to be added to other thousands making the inhabitants of Gaza foreigners in the West Bank and prohibiting the inhabitants of the West Bank from entering Gaza Strip, and threatening the inhabitants of Jerusalem with a loss of their identity cards, for whatever reason and at any time. This bitter present reminds us of an unforgotten past – I hope that we will not forget it, that it will not be forgotten by the governor, the negotiator or the opponent. It will most certainly not be forgotten by 3 generations of Palestinian living without a land, or a State for more than sixty years, as they nevertheless dream of a state and of their return to the soil. Distinguished guests, I very much look forward to hearing your contributions to this conference, and hope that the event will be worthy of your continued interest over the next two days. There is not the slightest intent here to affirm particular views while suppressing or excluding others. We are here to put forward ideas and, I hope, to be creative, even if some arguments turn out to be controversial. At any rate, we as Palestinians believe in the essential humanity of our cause. We will not tolerate our – or Gaza’s – marginalization, and we reject the kind of serenity
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Protection of Civilians – Weekly Briefing Notes 22 – 28 February 2006
    U N I TOCHA E D Weekly N A Briefing T I O NotesN S 22 – 28 February 2006 N A T I O N S| 1 U N I E S OFFICE FOR THE COORDINATION OF HUMANITARIAN AFFAIRS P.O. Box 38712, East Jerusalem, Phone: (+972) 2-582 9962 / 582 5853, Fax: (+972) 2-582 5841 [email protected], www.ochaopt.org Protection of Civilians – Weekly Briefing Notes 22 – 28 February 2006 Of note this period • IDF military operations in Balata camp (Nablus) continued. Four Palestinians including a child were killed and 15 others injured. Two IDF soldiers were also injured in the operation. • A large number of Palestinians injured – including in demonstrations against the construction of the Barrier in Ramallah and Jerusalem and confrontations between the IDF and Palestinian stone throwers in the West Bank. • High number of flying checkpoints observed throughout the West Bank, particularly in Qalqiliya, Nablus and Hebron governorates. 1. Physical Protection Casualties1 80 60 40 20 0 Children Women Injuries Deaths Deaths Deaths Palestinians 71 8 1 - Israelis 10 - - - Internationals ---- • 22 February: IDF soldiers beat and injured a 21-year-old Palestinian in H1 area of Hebron city (Hebron). • 22 February: The IDF injured a 15-year-old Palestinian minor after opening fire towards Palestinian stone throwers in Bani Na’im (Hebron). • 22 February: Palestinians injured one Israeli after opening fire at an Israeli plated vehicle passing on Road 55 near Ázzun (Qalqiliya). • 22 February: The IDF injured one Palestinian man after opening fire at Huwwara checkpoint (Nablus) during unrest at the checkpoint caused by long delays.
    [Show full text]
  • Foreign Terrorist Organizations
    Order Code RL32223 CRS Report for Congress Received through the CRS Web Foreign Terrorist Organizations February 6, 2004 Audrey Kurth Cronin Specialist in Terrorism Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Huda Aden, Adam Frost, and Benjamin Jones Research Associates Foreign Affairs, Defense, and Trade Division Congressional Research Service ˜ The Library of Congress Foreign Terrorist Organizations Summary This report analyzes the status of many of the major foreign terrorist organizations that are a threat to the United States, placing special emphasis on issues of potential concern to Congress. The terrorist organizations included are those designated and listed by the Secretary of State as “Foreign Terrorist Organizations.” (For analysis of the operation and effectiveness of this list overall, see also The ‘FTO List’ and Congress: Sanctioning Designated Foreign Terrorist Organizations, CRS Report RL32120.) The designated terrorist groups described in this report are: Abu Nidal Organization (ANO) Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigade Armed Islamic Group (GIA) ‘Asbat al-Ansar Aum Supreme Truth (Aum) Aum Shinrikyo, Aleph Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) Communist Party of Philippines/New People’s Army (CPP/NPA) Al-Gama’a al-Islamiyya (Islamic Group, IG) HAMAS (Islamic Resistance Movement) Harakat ul-Mujahidin (HUM) Hizballah (Party of God) Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) Jaish-e-Mohammed (JEM) Jemaah Islamiya (JI) Al-Jihad (Egyptian Islamic Jihad) Kahane Chai (Kach) Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK, KADEK) Lashkar-e-Tayyiba
    [Show full text]
  • Israel-Palestine Through the Lens of Game Theory
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Economics Department Working Paper Series Economics 2021 Land for peace? Israel-Palestine through the lens of game theory Amal Ahmad Department of Economics, University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/econ_workingpaper Part of the Economics Commons Recommended Citation Ahmad, Amal, "Land for peace? Israel-Palestine through the lens of game theory" (2021). Economics Department Working Paper Series. 301. https://doi.org/10.7275/21792057 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Economics at ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Economics Department Working Paper Series by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Land for peace? Israel-Palestine through the lens of game theory Amal Ahmad∗ February 2021 Abstract Why have Israel and the Palestinians failed to implement a \land for peace" solution, along the lines of the Oslo Accords? This paper studies the applica- tion of game theory to this question. I show that existing models of the conflict largely rely on unrealistic assumptions about what the main actors are trying to achieve. Specifically, they assume that Israel is strategically interested in withdrawing from the occupied territories pending resolvable security concerns but that it is obstructed from doing so by violent Palestinians with other objec- tives. I use historical analysis along with bargaining theory to shed doubt on this assumption, and to argue that the persistence of conflict has been aligned with, not contrary to, the interests of the militarily powerful party, Israel.
    [Show full text]
  • Palestinian Forces
    Center for Strategic and International Studies Arleigh A. Burke Chair in Strategy 1800 K Street, N.W. • Suite 400 • Washington, DC 20006 Phone: 1 (202) 775 -3270 • Fax : 1 (202) 457 -8746 Email: [email protected] Palestinian Forces Palestinian Authority and Militant Forces Anthony H. Cordesman Center for Strategic and International Studies [email protected] Rough Working Draft: Revised February 9, 2006 Copyright, Anthony H. Cordesman, all rights reserved. May not be reproduced, referenced, quote d, or excerpted without the written permission of the author. Cordesman: Palestinian Forces 2/9/06 Page 2 ROUGH WORKING DRAFT: REVISED FEBRUARY 9, 2006 ................................ ................................ ............ 1 THE MILITARY FORCES OF PALESTINE ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 2 THE OSLO ACCORDS AND THE NEW ISRAELI -PALESTINIAN WAR ................................ ................................ .............. 3 THE DEATH OF ARAFAT AND THE VICTORY OF HAMAS : REDEFINING PALESTINIAN POLITICS AND THE ARAB - ISRAELI MILITARY BALANCE ................................ ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 4 THE CHANGING STRUCTURE OF PALESTINIAN AUTHORITY FORC ES ................................ ................................ .......... 5 Palestinian Authority Forces During the Peace Process ................................ ................................ ..................... 6 The
    [Show full text]
  • Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek
    University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Minnesota Journal of International Law 2015 Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjil Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Hayek, Vincent El, "Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law" (2015). Minnesota Journal of International Law. 286. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjil/286 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Minnesota Journal of International Law collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek In 1993, Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization signed the Oslo Accords,' starting a peace process that was meant to end with a Palestinian State. The Oslo Accords were only the start of numerous agreements, including the 1994 Gaza-Jericho Agreement, which became Annex IV to the Accords, commonly known as the Paris Protocol.2 The Paris Protocol laid out the framework for what was to be the economic relationship between Israel and a Palestinian state. Its writers recognized the importance that stability and growth in the Palestinian economy had for any hope of a lasting peace. 3 As such, they developed a strategy which hinged on four "pillars" for Palestinian economic development: 11] International aid; [2] close Israeli-Palestinian economic relations; [3] foreign and private investment; and [4] access to foreign markets for Palestinian exports.4 When the Paris Protocol was first signed, excitement was high.
    [Show full text]
  • Beneficiary and Community Perspectives on the Palestinian National Cash Transfer Programme
    TRANSFORMING COUNTRY BRIEFING CASH TRANSFERS Beneficiary and community perspectives on the Palestinian National Cash Transfer Programme transformingcashtransfers.org Introduction transformingcashtransfers.org Our research aimed to explore the perceptions of cash transfer programme beneficiaries and implementers and other community members, in order to ensure their views are better reflected in policy and programming. Introduction transformingcashtransfers.org There is growing evidence internationally of positive links Key points: between social protection and poverty and vulnerability reduction. However, there has been limited recognition of the • De-developmental policies, recurring social inequalities that perpetuate poverty, such as gender insecurity and dependency on donor inequality, unequal citizenship status and displacement funding are among the key challenges through conflict, and the role social protection can play in in advancing social protection in the tackling these interlinked socio-political vulnerabilities. Occupied Palestinian Territories. • The Palestinian National Cash Transfer This country briefing synthesises qualitative research focusing Programme is an important but on beneficiary and community perceptions of the Palestinian limited component of female-headed National Cash Transfer Programme (PNCTP) in Gaza1 and households’ coping repertoires. West Bank2, as part of a broader research project in five countries (Kenya, Mozambique, OPT, Uganda and Yemen) by • Programme governance requires urgent the Overseas Development
    [Show full text]
  • Sociographie De La Doxa Coloniale Israélienne
    Université de Montréal Se représenter dominant et victime : sociographie de la doxa coloniale israélienne par Michaël Séguin Département de sociologie Faculté des arts et sciences Thèse présentée en vue de l’obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en sociologie Août 2018 © Michaël Séguin, 2018 Université de Montréal Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales Cette thèse intitulée : Se représenter dominant et victime : sociographie de la doxa coloniale israélienne Présentée par : Michaël Séguin a été évaluée par un jury composé des personnes suivantes : Deena White, présidente-rapporteuse et représentante du doyen Paul Sabourin, directeur de recherche Yakov Rabkin, codirecteur de recherche Barbara Thériault, membre du jury Rachad Antonius, examinateur externe Résumé Dans un monde majoritairement postcolonial, Israël fait figure d’exception alors même que se perpétue sa domination d’un autre peuple, les Arabes palestiniens. Tandis qu’un nombre grandissant d’auteurs, y compris juifs, traitent de la question israélo-palestinienne comme d’un colonialisme de peuplement, et non plus comme d’un conflit ethnique entre groupes nationaux, se pose la question : comment une telle domination est-elle possible à l’ère des médias de masse ? Plus précisément, pourquoi cette domination est-elle si peu contestée de l’intérieur de la société israélienne alors même qu’elle contredit le discours public de l’État qui tente, par tous les moyens, de se faire accepter comme étant démocratique et éclairé ? Pour y répondre, cette thèse procède à une analyse de la connaissance de sens commun israélienne afin de détecter à la fois le mode de connaissance, issu des relations sociales, privilégié pour faire sens des rapports ethnonationaux, mais aussi la manière dont cette doxa vient légitimer la domination des Palestiniens.
    [Show full text]
  • Israel's Doctrinal Thinking and Palestinian Statehood
    Israel’s Doctrinal Thinking and Palestinian Statehood Addie Awwad THROUGH THE LOOKING GLASS Every academic year ICSR is offering six young leaders from Israel and Palestine the opportunity to come to London for a period of two months in order to develop their ideas on how to further mutual understanding in their region through addressing both themselves and “the other”, as well as engaging in research, debate and constructive dialogue in a neutral academic environment. The end result is a short paper that will provide a deeper understanding and a new perspective on a specific topic or event that is personal to each Fellow. Author: Addie Awwad, 2017 Through the Looking Glass Fellow, ICSR. The views expressed here are solely those of the author and do not reflect those of the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation. Editor: Katie Rothman, ICSR CONTACT DETAILS Like all other ICSR publications, this report can be downloaded free of charge from the ICSR website at www.icsr.info. For questions, queries and additional copies of the report, please contact: ICSR King’s College London Strand London WC2R 2LS United Kingdom T. +44 (0)20 7848 2065 E. [email protected] For news and updates, follow ICSR on Twitter: @ICSR_Centre. © ICSR 2017 Israel’s Doctrinal Thinking and Palestinian Statehood Contents An Analytical Review 3 Background and Formation 3 Small-sized state 4 Imbalances in weaponry, resources and manpower 4 Geo-strategic vulnerability 5 Peace treaties 6 The Establishment of the Palestinian State 8 Policy Options 10 Conclusion 12 1 Israel’s Doctrinal Thinking and Palestinian Statehood 2 Israel’s Doctrinal Thinking and Palestinian Statehood Israel’s Doctrinal Thinking and Palestinian Statehood An Analytical Review he notion of security has played a vital role in shaping Israel’s national doctrine since its establishment in 1948.
    [Show full text]
  • Military Activism and Conservatism During the Intifadas Murat ÜLGÜL* Abstract Introduction
    Soldiers and The Use of Force: Military Activism and Conservatism During The Intifadas Murat ÜLGÜL* Abstract Introduction Are soldiers more prone and likely to use force Are soldiers more prone to use force and initiate conflicts than civilians? To bring a and initiate conflicts than civilians? new insight to this question, this article compares The traditional view in the civil- the main arguments of military activism and military relations literature stresses that military conservatism theories on Israeli policies during the First and Second Intifadas. Military professional soldiers are conservative activism argues that soldiers are prone to end in the use of force because soldiers political problems with the use of force mainly are the ones who mainly suffer in war. because of personal and organizational interests Instead, this view says, it is the civilians as well as the effects of a military-mindset. The proponents of military conservatism, on the who initiate wars and conflicts because, other hand, claim that soldiers are conservative without military knowledge, they on the use of force and it is the civilians most underestimate the costs of war while likely offering military measures. Through an overvaluing the benefits of military analysis of qualitative nature, the article finds 1 action. In recent decades, military that soldiers were more conservative in the use of force during the First Intifadas and Oslo conservatism has been challenged by Peace Process while they were more hawkish in a group of scholars who argue that the the Second Intifada. This difference is explained traditional view is based on a limited by enemy conceptions and by the politicization number of cases, mainly civil-military of Israeli officers.
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict
    Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict September 2000 - September 2007 L_C089061 Table of Contents: Foreword...........................................................................................................................1 Suicide Terrorists - Personal Characteristics................................................................2 Suicide Terrorists Over 7 Years of Conflict - Geographical Data...............................3 Suicide Attacks since the Beginning of the Conflict.....................................................5 L_C089062 Israeli Security Agency [logo] Suicide Terrorists in the Current Conflict Foreword Since September 2000, the State of Israel has been in a violent and ongoing conflict with the Palestinians, in which the Palestinian side, including its various organizations, has carried out attacks against Israeli citizens and residents. During this period, over 27,000 attacks against Israeli citizens and residents have been recorded, and over 1000 Israeli citizens and residents have lost their lives in these attacks. Out of these, 155 (May 2007) attacks were suicide bombings, carried out against Israeli targets by 178 (August 2007) suicide terrorists (male and female). (It should be noted that from 1993 up to the beginning of the conflict in September 2000, 38 suicide bombings were carried out by 43 suicide terrorists). Despite the fact that suicide bombings constitute 0.6% of all attacks carried out against Israel since the beginning of the conflict, the number of fatalities in these attacks is around half of the total number of fatalities, making suicide bombings the most deadly attacks. From the beginning of the conflict up to August 2007, there have been 549 fatalities and 3717 casualties as a result of 155 suicide bombings. Over the years, suicide bombing terrorism has become the Palestinians’ leading weapon, while initially bearing an ideological nature in claiming legitimate opposition to the occupation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Egypt-Palestine/Israel Boundary: 1841-1992
    University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 1992 The Egypt-Palestine/Israel boundary: 1841-1992 Thabit Abu-Rass University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©1992 Thabit Abu-Rass Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the Human Geography Commons Recommended Citation Abu-Rass, Thabit, "The Egypt-Palestine/Israel boundary: 1841-1992" (1992). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 695. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/695 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EGYPT-PALESTINE/ISRAEL BOUNDARY: 1841-1992 An Abstract of a Thesis .Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the ~egree Master of Arts Thabit Abu-Rass University of Northern Iowa July 1992 ABSTRACT In 1841, with the involvement of European powers, the Ottoman Empire distinguished by Firman territory subject to a Khedive of Egypt from that subject more directly to Istanbul. With British pressure in 1906, a more formal boundary was established between Egypt and Ottoman Palestine. This study focuses on these events and on the history from 1841 to the present. The study area includes the Sinai peninsula and extends from the Suez Canal in the west to what is today southern Israel from Ashqelon on the Mediterranean to the southern shore of the Dead Sea in the east.
    [Show full text]
  • SUSAN ABULHAWA ) Yardley, PA ) ) AVRAHAM PELED, A.K.A
    Case 1:15-cv-02186-RDM Document 9 Filed 04/04/16 Page 1 of 81 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA _________________________________________ ) SUSAN ABULHAWA ) Yardley, PA ) ) AVRAHAM PELED, a.k.a. MIKO PELED ) San Diego, CA ) ) DOA’A ABU AMER ) Gaza, Palestine ) ) PEGGY AHWESH ) New York, NY ) ) JAMES ANDERSON ) Case No. 1:15-cv-2186-RDM Mountain Home, AR ) ) REV. DANNY AWAD ) Bethlehem, Palestine ) ) ALICE BACH ) Cleveland, OH ) ) ANTOINE BOGHOSSIAN ) Watertown, MA ) ) GLORIA BOGHOSSIAN ) Watertown, MA ) ) TANIA BOGHOSSIAN ) Watertown, MA ) ) JOHN BOYD ) Kenner, LA ) ) MARINA BUHLER-MIKO ) Washington, D.C. ) ) JAMES COBEY ) Washington, D.C. ) ) JOHN DOE ) Washington, D.C. ) ) 1 Case 1:15-cv-02186-RDM Document 9 Filed 04/04/16 Page 2 of 81 ABDUR-RAHIM DUDAR ) Atlanta, GA ) ) TY EBRIGHT ) Cambridge, MA ) ) ABBAS HAMIDEH ) Mayfield Heights, OH ) ) STEVEN GOOSSEN ) Dinuba, CA ) ) RAY GORDON ) Venice, FL ) ) LINDA KATEEB ) Chicago, IL ) ) LINDA MANSOUR ) Toledo, OH ) ) DONNA NASSOUR ) New York, NY ) ) ROBIN NICHOLAS ) Cape Cod, MA ) ) ALAN NOFAL ) Lorton, VA ) ) MICHAEL RABB ) Boulder, CO ) ) MARY SCHULTZ ) Lincoln, RI ) ) LYNN SCHULTZ ) Lincoln, RI ) ) MICHAEL SEVERAL ) Los Angeles, CA ) ) RICH SIEGEL ) Teaneck, NJ ) ) GRANT SMITH ) Washington, D.C. ) ) 2 Case 1:15-cv-02186-RDM Document 9 Filed 04/04/16 Page 3 of 81 MICHAEL SMITH ) New York, NY ) ) LOU STONE ) Inchelium, WA ) ) ROBIE TENORIO ) Garberville, CA ) ) JOHN VAN WAGONER ) Washington, D.C. ) ) LINDA VASQUEZ ) Chicago, IL ) ) WENDELL WOODS ) Pontiac, MI ) ) AHMED AL-ZEER ) Deir Jarir, Palestine ) ) Plaintiffs, ) ) v. ) ) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE ) TREASURY ) ) and ) ) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE ) TREASURY SECRETARY JACOB LEW ) In his official capacity ) ) Defendants.
    [Show full text]