Environmental Assessment of the Areas Disengaged by Israel in the Gaza Strip

Home , Dugit, Elei Sinai, Gadid, Gan Or, Gush Katif, Israel

FRONT COVER

ISBN: 92-807-2697-8 Job No.: DEP/0810/GE

United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, KENYA Tel: +254 (0)20 762 1234 Fax: +254 (0)20 762 3927 E-mail: [email protected] Web: http://www.unep.org

This revised edition includes grammatical, spelling and editorial corrections to a version of the report released in March 2006.

This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UNEP would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from UNEP. The designation of geographical entities in this report, and the presentation of the material herein, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the publisher or the participating organisations concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimination of its frontiers or boundaries.

Unless otherwise credited, all the photographs in this publication were taken by the UNEP Gaza assessment mission team.

Cover Design and Layout: Matija Potocnik Maps and Remote Sensing: Yves Barthélemy Cover Image: © UNEP / PCoB – Palestinian boys playing in the rubble inside one of the disengaged settlements Printer: Korotan Ljubljana Ltd., Slovenia Printed on Recycled Paper Environmental Assessment of the Areas Disengaged by Israel in the Gaza Strip

This report by the United Nations Environment Programme was made possible by the generous contributions of the Governments of Sweden and Switzerland

Table of contents

Foreword 6 Introduction 10 Environmental assessment 14 Objectives and scope...... 14 Study approach...... 14 Study results 32 Rafiah Yam (Site 1) ...... 34 Slav (Site 2) ...... 38 Bnie Atsmon (Site 3) ...... 44 Pe'at Sade (Site 4) ...... 48 Karem Atsama (Site 5) ...... 50 Morag (Site 6) ...... 54 Bendolakh (Site 7)...... 56 Gan Or (Site 8)...... 58 Gadid (Site 9)...... 62 Nieve Dkalim (Site 10) ...... 68 Kfar Yam (Site 11) ...... 76 Ganei Tal (Site 12) ...... 80 Katif (Site 14) ...... 84 Netser Hasani (Site 15) ...... 88 Tel Katifa (Site 16)...... 96 Kfar Darom (Site 17) ...... 98 Netsarim (Site 18) ...... 100 Dugit (Site 19) ...... 104 Elei Sinai (Site 20) ...... 106 Nisanit/New Nisanit (Site 21) ...... 108 Erez Industrial Estate (Site 23) ...... 110 Coastal Areas (Sites 13 and 22) ...... 120 Conclusions and follow-up actions 124 Conclusions and follow-up actions directly related to the disengagement ...... 124 Follow-up actions not directly related to the disengagement ...... 124 Appendices Appendix I: List of acronyms, abbreviations and units ...... 128 Appendix II: List of references and internet sources ...... 129 Appendix III: Laboratory results ...... 130 Appendix IV: Screening values for soil and ground water...... 207 Appendix V: List of contributors ...... 209

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Foreword

The disengagement from Israeli settlements in We agreed with our environmental partners that the Gaza Strip during the second part of the year the approach to the assessment would be forward- 2005 was a historical event, and this en- looking. Accordingly, UNEP’s intention in vironmental assessment by the United Nations conducting the assessment was not to assign Environment Programme (UNEP) that followed blame, but to present an accurate picture of the was likewise a unique intervention. state of environmental affairs. UNEP will further actively share the findings and recommendations The basis for UNEP’s environmental cooperation of this report with donors who have an interest in the region, however, was already laid in 2002, in future environmental projects in the region. when UNEP started its work with the Palestinian Authority and Israel, which culminated in the There was no real precedent for an assessment publication of the “Desk Study on the En- of this nature. UNEP developed its own methods, vironment in the Occupied Palestinian focusing on four objectives: First, to gather a Territories”. The report was unanimously baseline data set of the environment in the welcomed at the UNEP Governing Council in disengaged settlements. Second, to identify areas February 2003. Since then, UNEP has organized posing immediate risk to people. Third, to create several training events for Palestinian an information base, including satellite images and environmental experts and hosted trilateral maps, for future planning. Fourth, to provide environmental meetings attended by Israeli and training on environmental assessments to Palestinian delegations. Palestinian experts. It was therefore no surprise when, as part of the Using satellite imagery, reports and comments Palestinian efforts to manage the anticipated from Israeli, Palestinian and international sources, impacts of the disengagement, the Palestinian UNEP scientists – prior to commencement of Environment Quality Authority (EQA) requested the field work – identified approximately 100 areas UNEP to undertake an environmental assessment of interest, including industrial buildings, waste of the disengaged areas. UNEP agreed to lead disposal sites, agricultural plants and storage tanks. the environmental assessment, working closely with both the EQA and the Palestinian Water The field work was carried out in Gaza from 9- Authority (PWA). In the spirit of cooperation 18 December 2005 by a UNEP team of 8 experts established, UNEP requested Israel’s support of with expertise in the fields of hazardous waste, the environmental assessment. The Israeli including asbestos, marine and coastal issues, soil Ministry of Environment undertook to contamination and water quality. The UNEP team collaborate with UNEP on this matter and give was consequently able to cover all 21 disengaged the assistance required. settlements, as well as the Erez industrial site.

6 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • FOREWORD

Following the field work, samples were produced UNEP is working with the Palestinian research in triplicate, handed to the Palestinian and Israeli institute, ARIJ, to present all the data collected laboratories and sent to an independent, UNEP- during the exercise, including the satellite images contracted laboratory in the UK. procured, in an easily navigable electronic format. UNEP will provide the Palestinian Authority with This report presents the findings of the survey. the hardware, software and training on how best Other than some localized pollution, the former to handle this information. Israeli settlements did not cause contamination of water, land or buildings posing a significant UNEP is able, with further funding, to assist the risk to the environment or to public health. Palestinian people with other activities that would Pollution at the former Erez Industrial Estate was benefit the development of the Gaza Strip, be it also localized and could be mitigated by targeted by preparing an environmental management plan clean-up action. The study thus finds that for the Erez Industrial Estate, organizing training overall the environmental impact of the former on safe handling of construction debris Israeli settlements in the Gaza strip was limited – containing asbestos, or designing a waste welcome news for everyone concerned with the management system for the entire Gaza Strip. region’s environment, long-term stability and economic progress. We hope that the findings I would like to thank the governments of Sweden presented in this report would bolster Palestinian and Switzerland for their generous financial resettlement plans and foster hopes for economic contribution, which enabled us to implement the investment and peace in the region. assessment, provide relevant training to Palestinians and publish this report in a short A major concern was the amount of remaining period of time. asbestos in the rubble of the demolished houses. We can state that, though issues associated with Let me also express my gratitude for all the asbestos need to be handled carefully so as not support and assistance provided by the Office of to expose workers or the community to the Special Envoy for the Quartet, Mr. James unnecessary harm, the amount of asbestos Wolfensohn, and my UN colleagues at UNSCO, remaining is minor and can be dealt with in a fast UNRWA, UNDP, UN DSS and OCHA. and efficient manner with proper guidance and support from asbestos experts. Given the new political situation in the region, I believe that environmental issues constitute a On the basis of the findings of this assessment, potential bridge-building element, reinforcing the UNEP is assisting the United Nations fragile confidence between the two parties as they Development Programme – Programme of seek new grounds for cooperation. Assistance to the Palestinian People (UNDP/ PAPP) to carry out the task of clearing and UNEP would be ready to carry out similar recycling the rubble produced by the destruction environmental work in the West Bank, if so of the settlements in the Gaza Strip. Once the requested by both parties in future. rubble is removed, asbestos disposed of in a safe manner and the identified specific areas of contamination are cleaned up, there will be no environmental constraints to human settlement in these areas. Some interim land use restrictions will have to be imposed while a decision is taken on the various landfills in the settlements. The Erez Industrial Estate can be brought back Klaus Töpfer to operation after due inspection of the partly United Nations Under-Secretary General demolished buildings, safe disposal of asbestos, Executive Director of the and clean-up of identified areas of contamination. United Nations Environment Programme

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 7 Introduction

Palestinian boy playing in the rubble inside one of the disengaged settlements: Due to asbestos pollution, handling of the demolition debris will be a major exercise. Asbestos must be safely disposed of prior to the removal of the rubble and refurbishment of the buildings.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

The disengagement process was completed in Introduction September 2005 and the sites handed over to the Palestinian Authority on 12 September 2005. UNEP From 1970, Israel established a number of undertook the field work in December 2005. This settlements in the Gaza Strip. These settlements, report presents the outcome of the assessment. from which Israel disengaged in September 2005, are located throughout the Gaza Strip, from its southern border with Egypt to the northern UNEP’s activities in the Occupied border with Israel (Map 1). They vary in age and Palestinian Territories size, from small, relatively isolated hamlets, to large residential and agricultural areas. In addition, The activities described in this report were carried one industrial site, Erez Industrial Estate, was out within the framework of implementation of the included in the assessment. UNEP Governing Council’s decision of February 2003 on the Occupied Palestinian Territories. On 6 June 2004, Israel’s cabinet approved the plan for disengagement from the Gaza Strip and In 2002, UNEP prepared a Desk Study on the parts of the West Bank. The Knesset, the Israeli Environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories1a, parliament, endorsed the plan on 25 October which was unanimously welcomed at the 22nd 2004. UNEP Governing Council in Nairobi in February 2003. The Desk Study included 136 As part of its response to the Israeli dis- recommendations for specific follow-up activities engagement plan and the proposed transfer of in the environmental sector. the settlements, the Palestinian Environment Quality Authority requested UNEP to assist with Since then, UNEP has organized a series of capacity- a systematic environmental assessment of the building training seminars for the Environment settlements after the disengagement. UNEP Quality Authority, and hosted trilateral technical developed a comprehensive assessment plan, meetings attended by Israeli and Palestinian conducted background research and initiated environmental delegations. The latest meeting took remote sensing analyses in June 2005. place in Helsinki, Finland, in February 2005.

Gaza city at dusk

10 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • INTRODUCTION

Map 1. Gaza strip and the disengaged areas

20 Elei Sinai 21 Nisanit ± 19 Dugit New Nisanit A

E S

N A 23 Erez Industrial E N area A R R E T I 18 Netzarim D E M

17 Kfar Darom GAZA STRIP 16 Tel Katifa

11 Kfar Yam 15 Netzer Hasani 14 Katif 8 Gan Or 12 Ganei Tal

4 Pe'at Sade 10 Neve Dkalim 2 Slav 9 Gadid ISRAEL

7 Bedolakh

6 Morag 1 Rafiah Yam

5 Kerem Atsmona

3 Bnei Atsmon

EGYPT

Legend Lebanon Syria Roads Settlements

Settlement West Bank enlarged area Gaza Strip Border Jordan

Projection : UTM, Zone 36 . Israel 0105KmEgypt Datum : WGS 84.

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 11 Environmental Assessment

UNEP conducted an environmental assessment of the disengaged settlements: A number of locations with localized contamination were identified. These areas need to be cleaned up prior to resettlement.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

industrial activities). In particular, two documents Environmental issued close to the time of disengagement were assessment taken into consideration in the preparation for this assessment. These were: Objectives and scope Environmental Survey in the Gaza Strip – Status Report (from Ministry of Defence, State of Israel), 11 The objectives of the post-disengagement September 20051. environmental assessment process were: Results and Recommendations in Initial Environmental • To create an environmental baseline for the Audits on Former Israeli Settlements in the Gaza Strip and disengaged settlements; West Bank, Thorsten Kallnischkies, October 20052. To identify, from an environmental perspective, • The first document was prepared by the any areas of concern or interest to be con- Government of Israel as part of its dis- sidered during resettlement. engagement plan and was submitted to the Scope of work Palestinian Authority on 11 September 2005. The geographical scope of the assignment was The second stemmed from a visit of selected limited to the areas disengaged by Israel in the settlements by a team of Palestinian officials and Gaza Strip, including the beaches associated with consultants on 12 September. The team, which the settlements. Within each of the settlements, subsequently visited a number of settlements, the work involved the following steps: included Mr Thorsten Kallnischkies, whose report describes key environmental features in the • Mapping out potential areas of environmental days immediately following the disengagement. concern by using background research and remote sensing analyses; Remote sensing analyses • Visiting the locations and undertaking As it had not made any previous visits to the fieldwork, including sampling, to assess the settlements, UNEP was required to obtain as much environmental situation and in particular to information as possible about the facilities in the area identify areas of environmental concern; to be able to develop the environmental assessment • Identifying potential areas of immediate effectively. Information about the following aspects concern from a public health perspective was critical in planning the field work: (contaminated soil/water, use of asbestos, etc.); • Providing recommendations for follow-up • Current status of the buildings (to determine activities, especially in the case of areas of the health and safety precautions to be taken immediate concern; during the field visit); • Providing environmental information that • Status of demolition (to understand the may be used for planning purposes by the potential extent of asbestos-related issues); Palestinian Authority. • Number and location of waste sites, landfills, etc. (to plan sampling for waste management); Study approach • Number and location of industrial sites and Background research their current status (to identify in advance areas of potential environmental concern); In order to prepare for the field work, background research was undertaken in the various areas of • Location of surface water features (to plan environmental interest (groundwater, asbestos, water sampling).

14 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

The field teams also required accurate maps for imagery was photo-interpreted manually for each operational purposes. It was essential, for settlement. example, to identify sensitive areas, as the time available to visit each settlement was limited. By The following layers of information were doing so, UNEP experts could focus on the mapped: potentially most sensitive locations. It was important to ensure that all the experts had a Settlements: Twenty-two settlements, of which common set of geographical information for the twenty-one were initially identified as residential field work. Knowledge of the road network was and one as industrial (Erez Industrial Estate); also needed to allow the experts to move easily from one settlement to another and to locate Road network: Roads inside settlements and specific areas of interest. roads connecting settlements;

In the absence of detailed topographic maps Buildings: Houses, administrative buildings, for all the settlements, UNEP opted to use high- schools and universities; resolution satellite imagery to produce maps and to interpret these to understand and define areas Sports and leisure facilities: Basketball courts, of potential environmental concern in each of tennis courts, football fields and swimming the settlements. pools;

A three-phase methodology was adopted: Agricultural areas: Mainly greenhouses;

1. Pre-disengagement mapping; Water network: 2. Post-disengagement mapping / change – Watersheds: some rivers (wadis) were detection analysis; detected; 3. Final mapping. – Water bodies: treatment plants, desalination plants and swimming pools; Stage 1: Pre-disengagement mapping Surveillance network: Control towers, crossings No specific satellite programming request was and checkpoints; required, as a good archived image was made available by UNOSAT. Areas of interest: Approximately 100 areas of interest were initially identified, including The characteristics of this image were: industrial buildings, factories, waste disposal sites, agricultural plants, storage tanks and petrol Sensor: Ikonos 2. stations; Acquisition date: 6 June 2005, 10:30 UTM. Resolution: 2 m. Due to Israeli military Unknown: Some areas or buildings were restrictions, higher resolution was not available. impossible to classify using satellite imagery and Format: geoproduct (geo-referenced). were consequently described as “unknown”. Bands: blue (B) – green (B) – red (R) – near-infrared (NIR). A geo-referenced vector layer was created for each Cloud cover: 0%. of these layers.

Photo-interpretation In this first stage, photo interpretation made it possible to produce “Before Disengagement” To avoid misinterpretation and to ensure that all maps at a scale of 1/5,000. Twenty-two such areas of interest were detected, the satellite maps were produced.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 15 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Map± 2. Pe’at Sade pre-disengagement mapping

Unknown

Unknown ÆÃ Ë ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ

ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ

Ú Û ÆÃ ÆÃ Ù ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Ã Ã ÆÃ UnknownÆÃ Æ Æ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Dumping Site ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÆÃÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Unknown ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ

ÆÃ ÆÃ

Ú Û ÆÃ Ù ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Unknown

Extraction Site Industry ÆÃÆÃ Unknown ÆÃ ÆÃÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ

ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Unknown ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Control Points Watercourses ÆÃ ÆÃ Checkpoint River ^_ Ã ÆÃ '%&( ÆÃ Æ ÆÃ Ã Unknown ÆÃ !"$Æ Crossing ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Waterbodies ÆÃ ÆÃ ^_ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ89G:ÆÃ Junction ÆÃ ÅÆÃ ÆÃ Areaofinterest ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Ë ObservationÆÃ Site Settlements ÆÃ ÆÃ Ã ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃÆ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Settlement enlarged area ÆÃ ÆÃBuildings ÆÃÃ Refugee Camp Ikonos Multispectral imagery. Æ ÆÃ Å Community ÆÃ ÆÃ Date of Acquisition: 06/06/2005 at 08:34 GMT. ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Æ Houses Military Area ÆÃ Gaza Strip ÆÃ Resolution : 2 m. ÆÃ ÆÃ Greenhouse þ Synagogue Ã ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ^_ UTM projection, WGS 84, Zone 36 N. ÆÃ ÆÃÆ ÆÃ Israel Desalination plant ÆÃ ÆÃ þ Greenhouses dependencies Natural Color Composition : 3,2,1. ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Airport ÆÃ ÆÃ ÆÃ Unknown Buildings ÆÃ ÆÃ

þ Agricultural Parcel 050þ 100 200 300 m ÆÃ ÆÃ

Roads ÆÃ Ú Û Ù þ Ã Settlement entrance ÆÃ ÆÃ Æ Asphalt ÆÃ ÆÃ Sandy Egypt ÆÃ

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

16 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Map 3. Pe’at Sade post-disengagement mapping ±

Unknown

Unknown Ë ($ ($ ($ ($ ($ $ $ $ ( $ ( $ ( $ $ $( ( $ ( ( ( ($ ( $ ($ " $ (($ ($ " ( ($ $ $ $ (($ ( " ($ $ $ ($ ($ $ Unknown( ( " $ $ (( ( $( ($ $ ( ($ $ " Dumping Site ( $ ( $ $ ($ ($ ( ( ( $ ($ ( ($ ($ ($(($$($ ($ ($ ($ ($ ($ ($ $ ($ $ $ ( $ $ ( ( $ ( ( $ ( $ $ Unknown ( $ ( ( $ (($ ($ ( $ $ $ ($ ($ ( ( ( $ ($ ($($ ( ($ $ $ ( ( ($ ($ ($ ($ " Unknown

(" (" Extraction Site Industry" " $$ Unknown $ ($($ $( (( (($($

" " " ($ " $ ( " $( "" "" ( " " $ Building ( ($ Change Detection Unknown $ $ Community """" $ ( $ Burnt ( $ $ Houses( ( ( ($ $ ^_ Synagogue Destroyed ( " ( " Unknown$ Buildings ( $ " þ Greenhouses dependencies ( Unknown """ " ^_ $ ($ " " ( ($ Control$ Points( $ ( """ ( $ ( Unchanged $ """ Checkpoint$ ( ( ($ " " " ^_ '%& ( $ $ ($ ( $ "$ ( $ $ $ AOI Unchanged ( ( !"$ Crossing(((( $($ $ $ AOI Changed ( ( ( $ $ $( $ $ 89:H Junction ( Waterbodies $( ( $ $ ( ($$( $ ( ( $ (Total Impact Area $ ( Ë Observation Site( $ Gaza Strip( Settlements (( $ $ $($ $ ( $ $ Roads Settlement enlarged area ( ( $ ( ($ ($ ( ( $ Asphalt $ ( Refugee Camp $( þ ( ( $ $ $ Israel$ Sandy Military Area $ ( ( Ikonos Multispectral imagery. $ ( $( ( Watercourses $( $ ( Unknown Demolished greenhouses Date of Acquisition: 27/09/2005. ( $( $ $ $ Resolution : 2 m. $( $ $ ( Unchanged greenhouses $( ( ( ( ( þ Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. Map Created for UNEP ( $($ ($ $ $ Desalination plant Projection : UTM, Zone 36 ; Datum : WGS 84.þ" Post Conflict Branch. ( $ (( Scale : 1/4000 when printed in A2 format. ( Egypt ( $ " Airport þ $ $ ( ( Agricultural Parcel ( $ ( 050 100 200 300 Meters $ ( (($ ($ The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 17 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Map 4. Change detection mapping – Bedolakh before disengagement

Site 2

Site 3

Site 1

Site 4

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Map 5. Change detection mapping – Bedolakh after disengagement

Site 2

Site 3

Site 1

Site 4

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

18 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Site 1 – Residential area Site 1 – Residential area before disengagement after disengagement

Site 2 – Vegetable processing factory Site 2 – Vegetable processing factory before disengagement after disengagement

Site 3 – Greenhouses Site 3 – Greenhouses before disengagement after disengagement

Site 4 – Poultry farm Site 4 – Poultry farm before disengagement after disengagement

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 19 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Stage 2: By comparing the same geographic areas on the Post-disengagement mapping / change different dates it was possible to detect and detection analysis highlight changes that occurred between the two dates. These changes related mainly to the A second satellite image was procured following destruction of buildings: the disengagement. Since there was no image available in the archives in the week following • All residential buildings were destroyed. disengagement, UNEP requested programming • Some greenhouses were destroyed. of the Ikonos 2 satellite to acquire an image of • Many areas of interest were demolished. the Gaza Strip. This image was acquired on 26 September 2005. It is recognized that these In a few areas, new elements appeared, such as images do not accurately reflect the environmental new constructions. At the end of this second conditions within the settlements at the time of stage, UNEP created post-disengagement maps the Israeli disengagement, as over two weeks had highlighting all the changes that had occurred elapsed between Israeli withdrawal and the following the disengagement process. Twenty-two acquisition of the image. such maps at a scale of 1/5,000 were produced. Stage 3: The characteristics of this image were: Final mapping Sensor: Ikonos 2. In December 2005, UNEP experts went into the Acquisition date: 26th of September 2005. field with paper maps, one for each settlement. Resolution: 2m. Due to Israeli military restrictions, higher resolution was not available. The maps were used to navigate between and to Format: geoproduct (geo-referenced). orientate within settlements. The maps were updated Bands: blue (B) – green (B) – red using observations from the sites: (R) – near-infrared (NIR). Cloud cover: 10%. • Areas of interest indicated as “Unknown” were investigated; Change detection • Errors in interpretation were corrected; • New information was added, including This new image of the Gaza Strip was acquired elements that had not previously been two weeks after the disengagement process was detected, as well as new constructions; completed. All vector layers digitized on the June • All positions where samples were taken, such 2005 image were overlapped on the September as water, asbestos and soil, were noted. 2005 images. All these ground control observations were used to update the information database and new updated maps were created. All the settlement maps presented in this report were created using the process described above. The names used in the maps regarding settlements correspond to the terminologies used by Israel in various documents.

Field study design In the absence of standardized methodologies for post-disengagement environmental Hand-annotated maps were used to update the assessments, UNEP had to design and develop information database the entire programme. The overall aim was to

20 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Maps generated from satellite images made it possible to locate potential “hot spots” with the minimum of delay

produce a forward-looking assessment report, As described on pages 15 to 20, a series of maps which can be shared with donors with an interest was produced from satellite imagery showing the in supporting environmental projects in the settlements pre- and post-disengagement. region. Hence, the intention in conducting the These maps were used as the basis for the site assessment was not to assign blame, but to assessments. present an accurate picture of the state of environmental affairs. The breadth and depth A desk-based assessment was undertaken, using of the study was therefore designed to meet with these maps, to identify settlement areas that were the study objectives, as outlined on page 14, and either of potential concern or could assist in the guiding principle stated above. fulfilling the assessment’s aim. Prior to arrival in the Gaza Strip, each of the maps was annotated In order to ensure that the assessment was using a number of standardized designations scientifically robust, UNEP assembled an including industry, unknown, agriculture, military, waste international team of experts to review the disposal site, water treatment plant and so on, providing proposed methodology prior to disengagement. a structure that could be used as the basis for the All aspects of the study were discussed, and the appraisal of each of the former settlements. experts agreed upon the terminology and Noteworthy by their absence were the locations methodologies to be adopted. Information from of water wells. both the public domain and remote sensing was used as the basis for discussion. Field teams The primary aim of the appraisal was to provide The field teams consisted of UNEP experts, a “snapshot” of the prevailing environmental who led the fieldwork, and officials representing conditions using a number of techniques and different Ministries and Agencies of the drawing on the experience of the assessment Palestinian Authority. There was at least one team. The aspects selected for monitoring were Palestinian expert in each of the specific areas water quality, soil/land contamination, hazardous assessed (soil, groundwater, asbestos, hazardous waste, asbestos and coastal zone issues. waste and coastal issues). Palestinian Authority

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 21 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

officials from various ministries also provided The following activities were undertaken to the information about the various locations and extent possible, given the constraints of time and activities and, in some instances, requested security: additional sampling. A professional pho- tographer worked with the team to document • A walkover, to view as much as possible of the field work. potential areas of concern at a walking pace. These could include observations of Assessment parameters and activities contamination (e.g. oil spills, waste disposal), potential contamination sources (e.g. storage Assessment of soil / contaminated land tanks, drains), areas where uncharacteristic or exceptional observations were made (e.g. dead In areas of potential concern about contaminated or stressed vegetation) and the use of land, the quality of the soil was assessed using anecdotal evidence, such as that provided by two main types of techniques: qualitative and Palestinian Authority officials who indicated quantitative. Qualitative techniques are those in areas of potential concern. which no measurements are taken, but which integrate elements such as visual observations, the • Where areas of potential concern were presence of odours, dead vegetation, etc. By their identified, portable monitoring equipment nature these measurments cannot be used to was used, if appropriate, to evaluate the confirm the hazard associated with potential con- potential for volatile organic compounds or tamination, but they are useful in selecting hazardous gases (methane, carbon dioxide, locations for sample recovery and subsequent carbon monoxide, as well as oxygen chemical analysis. concentration). The quantitative and semi-quantitative techniques • Where experts considered that additional used involved on-site monitoring equipment and quantifiable data was required to assess the laboratory chemical analysis of soil samples. related risk, soil samples were recovered from the surface and immediate sub-surface for Each settlement was visited and efforts were made subsequent chemical analysis. to undertake at least a qualitative assessment of each of the three categories of sites: industrial, • Where no areas of concern were noted, no waste disposal and “unknown”. samples were taken.

Daily briefing meeting of UNEP experts before the start of fieldwork

22 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Water samples were collected from different locations and sources (e.g. groundwater, surface water, wastewater, etc.). Field measurements were taken of all the samples, which were collected in appropriate containers, i.e. glass bottles, plastic bottles and vials. Collected samples were stored in a cool box and transported to the UK for analysis every two days.

A number of chemical parameters were analysed in the field by a MP-TROLL 9000 multimeter. Where no wells were identified, no samples were taken.

Water samples were also analysed by Alcontrol Geochem in the UK. The samples were analysed for various parameters based upon the field observations.

Triplicate samples were recovered from each location, which UNEP provided to Palestinian and UNEP experts collecting samples in the field Israeli officials for their parallel laboratory work. Trip blanks, consisting of vials of de-ionised water Following each day’s field activities, soil samples from the laboratory, were despatched to Gaza with were packed and refrigerated prior to despatch the empty sample containers. One blank then by air to the laboratory (AlControl Geochem, accompanied each sample container on the return UK) for analysis. The samples were accompanied leg of the journey. Each trip blank was analysed by analysis request documentation and a single trip for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). blank (of de-ionised water supplied by the laboratory) for the purposes of quality assu- rance / quality control.

Assessment of water-related issues Water quality varies depending on the level and type of pollution, type of use and nature of the geological formation. All 21 disengaged settlements in the Gaza Strip were visited and information from satellite images and interviews with Palestinian officials were used to locate water wells and other areas of interest. In some cases, however, it was not possible to locate sampling points within the actual area of the settlement, therefore efforts were made to locate sampling points as close as possible to the settlements.

Remote sensing high-resolution satellite data was used to identify the drainage system, relief, sources UNEP water specialist and Palestinian experts of pollution and settlements in the study area. collecting water samples

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 23 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Assessment of hazardous waste issues • Hydrocarbons; • Bio-hazardous waste; The approach to the hazardous waste study was • Agricultural chemicals; similar to that used in other areas of the en- •Sewage; vironmental assessment, particularly the • Chemicals associated with timber processing; contaminated land investigation. The following • White goods (CFCs); parameters were set regarding potential sources • Derelict vehicles; and of hazardous waste: • Tyres. • The exact location; This list is not exhaustive. In conjunction with • The specific nature; the field investigations, laboratory analysis was • The quantity and footprint; and undertaken where necessary to determine the • Potential health and environmental impacts. nature of specific waste material, and to provide The definition of hazardous waste varies guidance on appropriate and economical re-use throughout the world. Within the European and disposal options. Union (EU) an EU Directive controls such waste, which is defined on the basis of a list of waste Assessment of asbestos issues European Waste Catalogue3 types, the . The UK has According to information made available by the its own Hazardous Waste Regulations (June 2005). Government of Israel, 26,128 m2 of asbestos Hazardous waste has properties that may render cement (471.3 tons) were removed from the it harmful to human health or the environment, Gaza Strip to landfills in Israel. This work is and may exhibit one or more of the following reported to have been carried out in compliance characteristics: with best international practice. With this in mind, each settlement was visited and a brief • Ignitability; • Corrosivity; walk-around inspection of the site undertaken. Building materials were sampled from the • Reactivity (explosive); and demolished buildings that were suspected of • Toxicity. containing asbestos. It was not possible during Many types of activities in the settlements could the site visit to differentiate between buildings potentially have generated hazardous waste, that were demolished by Israel before including: disengagement and buildings that were demolished subsequently. • Small-scale activity centres / businesses: – Vehicle workshops; Any further similar building materials on the site – Hospitals & clinics; were identified by visual observation only. Other – Wood treatment; fibrous building materials that were not asbestos – Agriculture; were not sampled, e.g. man-made mineral fibers – Petrol stations; (MMMF) and foam insulation. A photographic – Waste disposal sites; and recording of the building materials was also – Photographic processing centres. undertaken at each site.

• Large-scale commercial activities: The identification and analysis of bulk materials – Power generation; and were conducted by an approved and UKAS4- – Chemical manufacturers. accredited sub-contracted testing laboratory, in accordance with the standard methods outlined in Based upon the activities listed above, the the Health and Safety Executive (UK) Document following types of hazardous waste could be “Asbestos: The analysts’ guide for sampling, expected: analysis and clearance procedures” HSG2485.

24 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Assessment of Gaza beach The assessment of the coastal environment was carried out by visual observations and interviews with local experts. The assessment was not limited to the areas where buildings had been constructed, but was extended to cover most of the coastline. Ob- servations in this report are limited to the coastal areas associated with the disengaged settlements.

Field equipment used The following on-site assessment equipment was employed.

Soil Sampling Kit Eijkelkemp Soil Augur kits were used to collect soil samples at various depths. These are shallow augers which are operated manually. In some places disposable bailers were used Photo-ionisation Detector (PID) to collect water samples (model HNU 102) A photo-ionisation detector is a hand-held tool Landfill Gas Analyser that measures volatile organic compound con- (model Geotechnical Instruments GA 2000) centration in parts per million (ppm) using an The landfill gas analyser is a portable unit that ultraviolet light source. It gives an instantaneous measures five gases using chemical cells within the reading and is used to evaluate the presence of unit. It gives an instantaneous reading. The landfill hydrocarbon contamination, particularly that of gas analyser was employed by inserting the probe lighter end fractions. into areas of potential concern, including drains, A sample of the soil was recovered and placed in tanks and excavations. a glass container; aluminium foil was then placed over the mouth to form a seal. The container was Interface Meter shaken to stimulate the release of the volatile (Heron dipper T water level meter) organics and the probe inserted through the foil An interface meter can be used to determine the to take the reading. The instrument was calibrated depth at which a water column is encountered in using an isobutylene gas and had a 10.6 eV lamp. a well. Some interface meters can also detect the interface between floating hydrocarbon level and the water level beneath it.

Multi Parameter Field Analyser (MP TROLL 9000) An MP TROLL 9000 was used to measure the water quality parameters in the field. Readings were taken from all the sampled open / bore wells in and around the settlements. Permanent sensors available in the MP TROLL 9000 were used to measure pressure, temperature, electrical con- ductivity, dissolved oxygen, etc. Win-Situ software was installed on a laptop and measurements were UNEP experts operating a Multi Parameter Field Analyser taken through the software.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 25 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Disposable Bailers Geographical Positioning System Water samples were collected by bailers in some (GeoXM, Handheld) places. The bailer was gently lowered to the water In order to corroborate the information compiled column to avoid agitation and turbidity through from remote sensing and to obtain accurate surging and the sudden impact of the sampling coordinates of various sampling points, all field device. The bailer was allowed to descend on its teams used Geographical Positioning Systems. own until it filled. Once filled, the bailer was retrieved from the water column slowly, in a Laboratory analysis steady, smooth motion. The water was then collected in appropriate bottles and stored in a Samples of water, wastewater, soil, hazardous substances and asbestos were sent to Alcontrol cool box. Geochem, a laboratory in the UK, employed by UNEP for analytical services. Asbestos Sampling Kit In accordance with standard practice and to Alcontrol Geochem has ISO 170253 standard minimize possible asbestos-related health and accreditation for testing and calibration labo- safety concerns, tools and equipment used for ratories and participates in the UKAS and the investigation were restricted to simple MCERTS6 programme of certification, as well hand tools including torches, screwdrivers, as the AQUACHECK and CONTEST pro- chisels and similar instruments. No power ficiency testing programmes. In accordance with tools were used. agreements between UNEP, the Palestinian Authority and the Israeli authorities, all samples Sampling was carried out using approved internal were taken in triplicate. One part sample was methods and a standard sampling kit. The shared with the Palestinian Authority and a second potential for fibre release was minimized with a was shared with the Israeli authorities. The third dust-suppressing spray where required. was sent to Alcontrol Geochem.

Field equipment was inspected and calibrated daily by UNEP experts

26 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

Management of health and safety during fieldwork

Training in health and safety issues, including asbestos, was conducted in Geneva. Team members were provided with personal protective equipment (gloves, masks, coveralls) to undertake work in environments where asbestos and other hazardous material might be encountered.

Capacity building in the Palestinian Authority UNEP has been carrying out capacity-building activities with Palestinian Authority officials for a range of issues over the past three years.

Photo: Capacity Building Training Seminar on Environmental Laboratory Analysis, October 2004 in Geneva and Spiez, Switzerland © Matija Potocnik – UNEP / PCoB

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 27 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Limitations of the Study 1. With no interpretation, the results can act as baseline values of the environmental situation Given the absence of comparable exercises in in the disengaged area at the time of visit of the past, UNEP designed the study approach, the UNEP team. including areas to be assessed, types of tools to be used and the degree of sampling to be 2. The results could be compared with inter- undertaken. Security constraints imposed by the nationally recognized screening values to UN Department of Safety and Security determine whether there is contamination of regarding the number of experts, the duration the environment that requires intervention. of the survey and daily working hours had to be considered in defining the scope of the field 3. The results could be compared with end-user work. In particular, the following limitations are standards (e.g. World Health Organization worth highlighting: Standards for drinking water) so as to decide how the resource might be used in the future. • In order to optimize the time available in the field, the study team initially focused their The focus of the present study was on the first attention on features identified by background and second elements. Hence, the interpretative research and remote sensing. However, any part of this report is concerned primarily with additional areas of interest / concern comparing the analytical results with screening observed in the field or brought to the values. attention of the team were assessed. Tables of screening values for chemical toxicity, • Groundwater sampling was carried out using for both soil and groundwater, have been in use only existing groundwater wells which could in Europe, North America, Australia, Japan and be located in the field and which were in elsewhere since the 1980s. The tables are functioning condition. Consequently, it was normally chemical- and activity-specific, and not possible to verify if all underlying aquifers provide values against which site-specific of interest were sampled. chemical data and analysis results can be initially checked for significance. If the site-specific • The satellite image procured was taken on values are higher than the screening values, then 26 September 2005, while the disengagement the site normally warrants more detailed itself happened on 12 September 2005. All assessment/intervention. changes identified in the satellite image analyses may therefore not be directly related The systems used for this project were as to the disengagement. follows: • Field work was conducted during 10 to18 December 2005, almost three months after Soil the disengagement. The observations on • UK Contaminated Land Exposure the ground therefore cannot be considered Assessment (CLEA) standards7; an indication of the environment as of 12 September 2005. • Dutch (2000) standards and accompanying guidance.8 Preliminary screening for significance of contamination For the Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment standards, the most sensitive of the The analytical results obtained from this exercise criteria were used, i.e. domestic gardens with could serve a number of purposes, including: vegetable root uptake.

28 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT

For the Dutch system, the soil remediation • Dutch standards have been used around the intervention values were used as terms of world for identifying contamination for more reference. These values represent the level above than two decades and hence there is which significant contamination warranting substantial knowledge of their application in corrective action is considered to be present. the international scientific community.

These two systems are not precisely equivalent • Dutch standards are comprehensive in terms but, when combined, provide a reasonable of the number of parameters for which indication of the significance of the conta- standards have been set. mination according to international standards. • Whenever soil or groundwater assessments Water lead to a need for intervention, Dutch standards can further provide target values for Dutch Values clean-up. For the purpose of comparison, Dutch intervention values were used. The intervention Development of recommendations value is the maximum tolerable concentration above which remediation is required. This occurs It is customary in many contaminated site if one or more compounds in concentrations assessments to undertake detailed “source- equal to or higher than the intervention value are pathway-receptor”-based risk assessments in found in more than 1,000 m3 of groundwater. order to develop recommendations at sites identified as having pollution in soil or ground- For interpretation of the significance, the terms used water. However, this assessment has taken a more normally refer strictly to a specific standard, e.g. the pragmatic approach to developing recom- concentration in sample x exceeds y standard. mendations. When the assessment results indicate a very localized presence of hazardous materials, In the present study, the Dutch intervention the recommendation is to excavate it, thus standards were used for comparison of both soil eliminating the risk altogether. This will assist the and groundwater values for the following reasons: authorities to take immediate action and facilitate unrestricted land use once the source of risk is removed.

The recommendations provided in this report refer to specific activities to be undertaken in identified areas of concern. Settlement-specific recommendations have been given regarding access control and clean-up where appropriate. In addition, broad recommendations for follow-up actions have been outlined on pages 124 to 125.

In cases where the contaminated land was found to be more extensive, detailed site assessment, followed by risk assessment, is needed. Clean- up standards must also be set. Whenever such situations were encountered, the present assessment provided recommendations for For security reasons the assessment team had to maintain further studies to be followed by site specific constant radio contact with the UN security coordinator risk assessment.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 29 Study Results

UNEP expert taking soil samples inside one of the settlements. Samples of soil, water, hazardous substances and asbestos were collected and analysed in internationally recognized laboratories.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Though asbestos was observed in a number of Study results settlements and at Erez, it was not present in large quantities. The major risk here is that if The overall condition of the disengaged set- the rubble is collected and crushed without first tlements follows the same pattern: all residential sorting out the asbestos, it has the potential to structures had been completely destroyed, as had cause adverse health consequences for the a proportion of the industrial infrastructure. workers and create large quantities of hazardous However, some warehouse units remained waste. The handling of the demolition rubble standing, as did a large proportion of the therefore needs careful planning. administrative and public structures (education, culture, sports, etc.). In addition to asbestos, the most common forms of contamination were, as expected, hydro- Infrastructure in the form of power and water carbons, specifically spilled fuels. These were supplies was present in some places and absent generally diesel but some lighter hydro-carbon in others. Roads were in good condition and had fractions and heavier oils were also found. The been well maintained. Access to settlements was spillages were limited in area and considered likely not constrained. However, pedestrian walkways to have been caused by the removal of storage had been extensively damaged as a result of tanks and associated accidental spillages of residual materials such as sub-surface pipes and cables products, rather than by long-term leakage. being removed. Solid and Hazardous waste Based on the assessment processes described, the contamination identified in the disengaged During the assessment, hazardous waste generally settlements is localised and as such is not considered raised very few concerns, with the exception of a to present a significant risk to the environment or few isolated instances of soil contamination. to public health. However, the Erez Industrial Estate However, the management of routine solid waste, is the one noticeable exception and represents the primarily domestic and agricultural, appears to one pollution “hot spot” located by the UNEP team represent a more serious problem than that of of experts. The Erez site is discussed in detail on hazardous waste, primarily through the operation pages 110 to 119. of low technology disposal sites.

Significant amounts of asbestos cement roof and wall sheeting appeared to have been removed from the sites. However, in a number of settlements it was possible to find examples of asbestos cement roof and wall sheeting both in situ and as debris on the ground. The building rubble at the settlement sites was generally free of asbestos cement debris. Any asbestos cement roof sheets that are in good condition and fit for its purpose should be left in place until the end of the life of the building, when they can be re- The exposed operational face of the waste disposal moved carefully and disposed of. site at Kerem Atsama

32 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS

these areas should be mapped and incorporated into future land use planning. In addition, a decision must be made – for each of the dumpsites – to either continue to use them or close them down. This decision can be taken as part of the overall solid waste management strategy for the Gaza Strip and site-specific risk assessment for each of the dumpsites / landfills and may require additional sampling, monitoring and treatment in situ or ex situ.

Further, it should be noted that it is recognized internationally that the practice of building on Horse-drawn carts loaded with scrap metal old waste disposal sites should be carefully at the Gadid waste disposal site. controlled, due to serious potential problems associated with the build-up of landfill gas, Anecdotal evidence suggests that many of the structural problems associated with the uneven Israeli settlements operated one disposal site for settlement of the underlying waste and chemical the management of all waste, usually in very close attack on foundations by leachate. This is proximity to the settlement. This was broadly particularly relevant in developing countries. confirmed by site investigations, although due to time constraints not all disposal sites were visited, Recycling of waste metal was found to be taking especially if they were located some distance from place at a number of the disposal sites visited. the centre of the settlements. Information provided by the individuals on site suggested that the material was purchased and During the field assessment it was found that a processed at a number of smelters within Gaza, number of these disposal sites were located within such as the one located in Rafah. disused borrow-pits and quarries. Some, notably Netser Hasani, Karem Atsama and Gadid, were Assessment of water quality did not show levels extensive in size, each covering several hectares. of contamination requiring intervention. However, in two wells traces of hydrocarbons were observed During the assessment, the team did not observe and prior to initiating detailed investigations, significant quantities of hazardous waste at the additional sampling is recommended. dumping sites. All waste disposal sites inspected contained a high volume of organic, agricultural All soil and water samples received at the waste, usually in excess of 50% by volume, laboratory were screened for the presence of potentially providing opportunities for waste radioactivity and no radioactivity levels above the composting in the future. Other significant background levels was detected. No field components of the waste volume were plastic equipment for measuring radioactivity was used. sheeting, possibly used for covering greenhouses, and metallic waste, which accounted for approximately 25% and 15% of waste volume respectively. Small quantities of hazardous materials such as lead-acid batteries, solvents, and agricultural chemicals were observed. It must be noted that the various waste sites assessed did not show levels of contamination that required immediate clean-up. However,

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 33 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Rafiah Yam (Site 1) Name of settlement: Rafiah Yam General observations Year of establishment: 1984 This comparatively small former settlement Type of settlement: agricultural and appears to have been mainly residential, with some industrial minor industrial areas. It is located close to the Area: 113.8 hectares Egyptian border in the south of the Katif dune Population area. The terrain is composed of hummocks and (prior to disengagement): 116 partially vegetated sand dunes. The former settlement is positioned on top. A wadi in the Residential structures south of the settlement, which runs in a dismantled: 59 northwest-southeast direction, constitutes a Main features identified: predominant feature, with a similar watercourse Demolished Israeli military outpost, dumping in the north. site, demolished agricultural processing building (2). Soil

Sampling locations showed the effects of being impacted by fire, with minor volumes of rubble, including Two potentially contaminated locations were clothing labels, suggesting the possible use of sampled, although they could be considered to be the units. The presence of debris and a burn in the same general location (designated as site adjacent to the main concrete slab footprint “industry” on the map). suggested a possible indoor air extraction unit, Location A, (Sample Reference 1/SS/A) vent or uncontrolled disposal site. Because it was understood that the prevailing wind direction This location was characterized by a concrete in this area was north to south, a sample of soil slab which would have formed the ”footprint” was collected downwind of the above described of the units built upon it. The concrete slab air vent.

The concrete slab on location A in Rafiah Yam

34 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – RAFIAH YAM

Map 6. Rafiah Yam ± 34°13'41"E 34°13'55"E 34°14'10"E 2/asb/001 "

2GW1 "

OP5 31°19'12"N 31°19'12"N

2/asb/003 " " 2/ss/b 31°18'58"N 31°18'58"N OP2

OP4

1/asb/001 " " " 1/ss/b PO1 1/ss/a 31°18'43"N 31°18'43"N

0200 400 Settlements Samples sites m Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Assessed sites Greenhouse " Soil 1 Demolished agricultural processing building Demolished 12 Assessed (! sites 2 Demolished Military Outpost Unchanged OP3 Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. 3 Dumping Site 34°13'26"E Resolution : 2 m. 4 Demolished agricultural processing building Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 5 Demolished Water well and Pump house Datum : WGS 84. 34°13'41"E 31°18'29"N 34°13'55"E 34°14'10"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 35 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Location B (Soil Sample Reference 1/SS/B) Results Sampling Location B was located some 3 meters The contaminants listed in table 1 exceeded their from the southern end of the industrial unit respective soil threshold values. described above. It consisted of a mound of dark-coloured, burnt material containing metal, The results showed that the soil was impacted by waste oil filters, plastics, netting, clothing and heavy metals, although the concentrations were other materials. A distinctive but low hydro- low. It is likely that the source of these con- carbon odour was associated with this waste taminants was the combustion of unknown material. products. Heavy metals present in the soil could be taken up by plants, thus creating a pathway to It was estimated that the impacted area covered the food-chain. Soil contaminated with heavy an area no larger than 6m2 and extended to a depth metals would restrict land use and hence the best of 0.5m below ground level. option would be to evacuate the soil.

Table 1. Rafiah Yam – Soil contaminants Contaminant Location Screening Soil threshold value mg/kg Concentration Standard (screening criteria) (mg/kg) CBhopper D6utc 9861 ZBhinc D0utc 305 90

A mound of burnt material at location B in Rafiah Yam

36 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – RAFIAH YAM

Water No borehole or well was identified near the settlement, therefore no sample was recovered.

Asbestos

Sample number: 1/asb/001 Date sampled: 13/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 18 46-96 N 34 13 52-07 E Notes: Asbestos cement debris was noted in the area. This may have been from the original construction of the now removed industrial building.

Hazardous waste No issues relating to hazardous waste were found at the Rafiah Yam settlement, other than the contaminated soil described on page 36.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

2. The soil identified in Location B should be collected and transported to a central location for safe storage and disposal.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 37 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Slav (Site 2) Name of settlement: Slav General observations Year of establishment: 1982 This former Israeli settlement is generally Type of settlement: agricultural and agricultural in nature, with the residential and industrial administrative part occupying the crest of a hill. Area: unknown This appeared to be a comparatively low-density settlement, although there was an indication of Population at least one potentially contaminating activity (a (prior to disengagement): unknown generator) within the settlement itself. A second Residential structures site – designated as ”unknown” – located to the dismantled: unknown south of the settlement on the Rafah road, was Main features identified: also visited and sampled. Water well and pump house, power sub- station, demolished chicken farm. Soil

Sampling location Location B (Sample Reference 2/SS/B) Two potentially contaminated locations were sampled. This sample was recovered from a former Israeli military post occupying a position immediately Location A (Sample Reference 2/SS/A) overlooking the settlement of Rafiah Yam. The Samples were retrieved from a concrete-lined pit compound was enclosed on all sides by security with four cables leading into it. Oil was present walls. Whilst all above-ground evidence of in the base, which itself was lined but covered in habitation had been removed, hydrocarbon odours some 0.1m of waste materials (rubble, debris, were noted, coming from a small area of ground oils). It was considered that this area of the to the north, covering an area of approximately settlement may have been used as a small-scale 25m2. The ground was composed of a sandy gravel generator and that the potential existed for mix contrasting with the surrounding area. It is polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as assumed that this area was used for fuel storage, hydrocarbon contamination. A maximum Volatile most likely in above-ground tanks. A maximum Organic Carbon (VOC) reading of 120 ppm was VOC reading of 85.2ppm was recorded recorded against a background of 10ppm. (background 17ppm).

Sampling for hydrocarbons and PCBs in the Slav settlement

38 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – SLAV

Map 7. Slav ± 34°14'10"E 34°14'24"E 34°14'38"E

OP1

" 2GW2 PO2 31°19'26"N 31°19'26"N

2/asb/002 " 2/asb/001 "

" 2/ss/a 2GW1 " PO5 OP3 31°19'12"N 31°19'12"N

OP4

2/asb/003 " " 2/ss/b 31°18'58"N 31°18'58"N

0200 400 Settlements Samples sites m Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " OP98 Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Assessed sites Demolished Assessed (!12 sites 1 Large sand quarry Unchanged 2 Water pumping station Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. 3 Demolished Water well Resolution : 2 m. and Pump house Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 4 Demolished Chicken farm Datum : WGS 84.34°14'10"E 34°14'24"E5 Power sub-station 34°14'38"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 39 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Results The contaminants at Location B reflect the likely storage and handling of fuel. The age of the spill The contaminants listed in table 2 exceeded their or its provenance could not be confirmed. These respective soil threshold values. types of fuels pose risks to human health and These results indicate types and concentrations of the environment, relative to the period of exposure. contaminants coincident with the observations made in the field. Experts considered that the All contaminants identified have potential adverse potential impacts on Location A were mitigated impacts and would require the restriction of significantly by the confining nature of the landuse if left in situ. It is therefore recommended structure within which the contamination occurred that the material be excavated and removed from (i.e. the potential for migration was reduced). the current location.

Table 2. Slav – Soil contaminants Contaminant Location Screening Soil threshold value mg/kg Concentration Standard (screening criteria) (mg/kg) MAhineral oil D0utc 50,00 2117 CAAadmium C12LE ZAhinc D0utc 325 104 AAhnthracene D0utc 19.6 2.9 Polychlorinated AhD12utc Biphenyls (PCBs) Diesel range AhD0utc 58,00 8788 organics MAhineral oil D0utc 54,00 4523 Petroleum range A0570 65 organics (C4 - C10) Petroleum range A0540 315 organics (C10 - C12) MBhineral oil D0utc 59,00 703 Diesel range BhD0utc 54,00 1028 organics Petroleum range B0580 613 organics (C10 - C12)

A view of the former Israeli military post in the Slav settlement

40 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – SLAV

Concrete pit containing accumulated water in the Slav settlement

Water to have the potential to overflow in flood conditions. A water sample was collected near the downstream Two groundwater samples were taken from the side of the wadi and analysed in the field. western and northern part of the settlement. Location B (2GW2) Sampling locations This well was situated in between the settlements Location A (2GW1) of Slav and Pe’at Sade. It was located at the entrance of the Slav settlement Results close to a small collection pit, situated near the wadi, which appeared to be filled with wastewater. The pit Detailed results are provided in Appendix III. No appeared to be in a good condition but was thought contaminants exceeded their screening criteria.

Table 3. Slav – Field monitoring results (water) Parameter Unit 2 GW1 2 GW2 TFemperature °2734. 73. Piressure p9s 05.14 0.15 OVRP m5108 15 PH 81.27 8.2 DLO g6/ 8674 746 Cmonductivity u0S/c 455 46

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 41 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Asbestos

Sample number: 2/asb/001 Date sampled: 13/12/05 Analysis result: Asbestos not detected Location: 31 19 18-11 N 34 14 15-31 E Notes: Samples of a building board were found not to contain asbestos.

Sample number: 2/asb/002 Date sampled: 13/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 19 18-93 N 34 14 19-59 E Notes: Small amounts of asbestos cement debris were noted in the area.

Sample number: 2/asb/003 Date sampled: 13/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 18 59-56 N 34 14 08-61 E Notes: The former military area contained asbestos cement debris, possibly from the roofs of demolished buildings.

42 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – SLAV

Despite the presence of this large, obsolete fuel tank, there were no significant hazardous concerns in the Slav area

Hazardous waste The Slav site was generally found to be free of hazardous waste concerns, with the single exception of a large metal storage tank that appeared to have contained fuel at one time. This tank may be re-used subject to its structural integrity. Further, the surface staining of hydrocarbons in the vicinity of the tank was shallow, and again did not represent a significant problem. It is, however, recommended that the site be cleaned up and the soil evacuated, so as to avoid land use restrictions.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

2. The soil and debris observed in Location A and B should be collected and transported to a central location for safe storage and disposal.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 43 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Bnie Atsmon (Site 3) Name of settlement: Bnie Atsmon General observations Year of establishment: 1979 This former settlement occupies a level plateau to Type of settlement: agricultural and the east of Pe‘at Sade, separated by a large sand industrial quarry. Bnie Atsmon was a relatively large settlement Area: 286.8 hectares with a large administration and residential base, Population complete with schools and sports facilities, although (prior to disengagement): 592 the industrial usage appears to have been limited to a single small unit. Agricultural greenhouse units Residential structures occupy land to the northeast and southwest. dismantled: 122 Main features identified: Soil Large sand quarry, derelict bleach and detergent factory, destroyed breeding factory. Sampling location (Sample reference 3/SS/A) A single location was sampled, designated as assessment, a preliminary assessment suggested ”industry” on the map and situated close to the possible use as some form of disinfectant or northern entrance to the settlement. cleaner, such as bleach. An area immediately adjacent to the discarded bottles showed signs The products from this industrial process had of burning. It was estimated that the affected areas been discarded in an uncontrolled manner, as had consisted of 25m2 of discarded bottles and raw the raw products used in its manufacture. While products, with some 30m2 of burnt area. Shallow full identification of the intended use of the excavations showed that the contamination products was not possible at the time of the extended to a depth of 0.2m.

A view of the Bnei Atsmon site where industrial waste had been discarded.

44 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – BNIE ATSMON

Map 8. Bnie Atsmon " 7/ss/a ± 34°14'53"E 34°15'7"E 34°15'22"E 31°19'41"N 31°19'41"N

PO PO2 3/asb/a " PO1 PO4 " 3/ss/a 31°19'26"N 31°19'26"N

PO3 31°19'12"N 31°19'12"N

Settlements Samples sites 0200 400m

Waterbodies " Water 31°18'58"N

31°18'58"N Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Assessed sites Demolished Assessed (!12 sites 1 Demolished breeding factory Unchanged 2 Demolished bleach and Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. detergent factory Resolution : 2 m. 3 Basket ball court Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 4 Demolished military school Datum : WGS 84. 34°14'53"E 34°15'7"E 34°15'22"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 45 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Results low pH, can pose a risk to those who come into contact with the material. Preventing contact or The contaminants listed in table 4 exceeded their neutralizing the pH can mitigate this risk. respective soil threshold values. Water The high (alkaline) pH was thought to reflect the main constituent of the material placed in the Due to the absence of water wells no samples containers littering the surface. A high pH, like a were taken.

Table 4. Bnie Atsmon – soil contaminants Contaminant Location Screening Soil threshold value mg/kg PH Standard (screening criteria) pAaH n0<74; >1 13.2

An example of industrial waste discarded at the Bnei Atsmon site

46 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – BNIE ATSMON

Asbestos

Sample number: 3/asb/001 Date sampled: 13/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 19 29-57 N 34 15 02-20 E Notes: Asbestos cement debris was noted in the area. This may have been from the original construction of the now removed industrial building.

Hazardous waste There were no significant hazardous waste issues found within the Bnie Atsmon settlement. Problems relating to industrial products, such as bleach and the empty containers, are superficial and limited, and do not represent a significant problem. It is, however, recommended that these containers and associated soil be excavated and removed so as to permit unrestricted land use.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

2. Access to waste materials with high pH values should be prevented. These materials should be collected and transported to a central location for storage and disposal.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 47 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Pe’at Sade (Site 4) Name of settlement: Pe'at Sade General observations Year of establishment: 1993 This former settlement, located approximately Type of settlement: agricultural and 0.5km northeast of Slav appears to be mainly industrial residential in nature. Area: 92.68 hectares Population Soil (prior to disengagement): 117 The assessment of the site indicated that there Residential structures were no areas of concern requiring further or dismantled: 75 (including Slav) more detailed assessment from a contaminated Main features identified: land perspective. Water pumping station, water storage tank and wastewater treatment, water well. Water

Location A (4GW1)

A single groundwater sample was collected from Results the up-gradient side of the settlement. Field measurements were also taken. Detailed results are provided in Appendix III. No contaminants exceeded their screening criteria.

Asbestos An assessment of the settlement indicated that there were no areas of concern. No asbestos samples were therefore taken.

Hazardous waste Due to the residential nature of the Pe’at Sade settlement, no hazardous waste issues were detected.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to verify whether asbestos debris is present prior Part of the Pe’at Sade settlement showing largely inert waste to the handling of the demolition debris.

Table 5. Pe’at Sade – Field monitoring results (water) Parameter Unit Concentration TFemperature,°F °873.9 Piressure p2s 0.10 OVRP m221 pH 8.35 DLO g7/ 735 Cmonductivity u7S/c 46

48 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – PE’AT SADE

Map 9. Pe’at Sade ± 34°14'24"E 34°14'38"E 34°14'53"E

PO5

PO1" 31°19'55"N 31°19'55"N

PO4 31°19'41"N 31°19'41"N

PO2

2GW2 " 3/asb/a "" PO3 3/ss/a 31°19'26"N 31°19'26"N

m Settlements Samples sites 0200 400 Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos 2/asb/002 Greenhouse " Soil 2/asb/001 " Assessed sites " Demolished Assessed (!12 sites 1 Waterwell Unchanged 2 Large sand quarry Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. 3 Water pumping station Resolution : "2 m. Natural Colour Composition2/ss/a : 3,2,1. 4 Tennis court ProjectionPO104 : UTM, Zone 36. 5 Water storage tank and Datum : WGS 84. 34°14'24"E wastewater34°14'38"E treatment plant 34°14'53"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 49 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Karem Atsama (Site 5) Name of settlement: Karem Atsama General observations Year of establishment: unknown Karem Atsama is a very small settlement located Type of settlement: unknown on a ridge, with extensive open land in all Area: unknown directions. It is not clear what activities took place in this settlement, as there were no obvious signs Population of industry or agriculture (with the exception of (prior to disengagement): unknown a poultry farm to the northwest). Residential structures dismantled: 22 No contaminated land was identified within the Main features identified: settlement itself. However, a waste disposal site Domestic waste site, demolished poultry to the north was identified and sampled. farm, Palestinian military camp.

Soil Sampling locations (Sample Reference 5/SS/A) Results A single sample was recovered from the centre No samples exceeded their soil threshold values. of the disposal site, a large area containing partially burnt generally domestic waste, although Water some medical waste was also identified. Excavations indicated that the depth of the No borehole or well was identified close to the settle- impacted area extended to no more than 0.20m. ment, therefore no water sample was recovered.

The waste disposal site in Karem Atsama

50 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – KAREM ATSAMA

Map 10. Karem Atsama ± 34°15'50"E 34°16'5"E 34°16'19"E 31°19'26"N 31°19'26"N

OP3

" 5/ss/a

OP1 31°19'12"N 31°19'12"N

5/asb/001 " 31°18'58"N 31°18'58"N

OP2

Settlements Samples sites 0200 400 m Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos 31°18'43"N Greenhouse " Soil 31°18'43"N Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged Assessed sites Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Resolution : 2 m. 1 Demolished poultry farm Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 2 Palestinian military camp Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 3 Domestic waste site 34°15'36"EDatum : WGS 84. 34°15'50"E 34°16'5"E 34°16'19"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 51 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Asbestos

Sample number: 5/asb/001 Date sampled: 13/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 19 08-61 N 34 16 03-78 E Notes: Asbestos cement had been used in a building board “sandwich” with polystyrene, possibly for use in an industrial refrigeration building.

A view of the exposed tipping face at Karem Atsama

52 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – KAREM ATSAMA

Bird’s eye view of the Karem Atsama waste disposal site

Hazardous waste The only area of potential concern within this small, agricultural community was the adjacent waste disposal site. However, a walkover inspection of the site revealed that a significant quantity of covering material had been applied across the whole site, minimizing any potential nuisance relating to odours, visual blight, pests and disease vectors. A cursory inspection of the underlying waste revealed a high proportion of organic waste, and wastes associated with the poultry industry.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 53 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Morag (Site 6) Name of settlement: Morag General observations Year of establishment: 1972 This small residential and agricultural former Type of settlement: agricultural settlement is located on a small hill. Vegetation is Area: 120.16 hectares well developed. The former settlement had been Population largely demolished and there were no (prior to disengagement): 186 observations of potentially contaminating Residential structures activities or actual contaminated land. dismantled: 61 To the south of the settlement, an area designated Main features identified: as ”unknown” was identified by the assessment Water tower, demolished Israeli military team as a military outpost. It had been almost outpost and destroyed greenhouses. wholly destroyed and it was impossible to identify any areas of potential concern. Hazardous waste Soil Due to the rural nature of the Morag settlement, Sampling locations coupled with an apparent absence of industrial activity, no areas of concern regarding hazardous No samples were recovered from this former waste were noted during the assessment. settlement. Recommendations for follow-up action Water 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to No water wells were identified at this former verify if asbestos debris is present prior to settlement and therefore no samples were taken. the handling of the demolition debris.

Asbestos

Sample number: 6/asb/001 Date sampled: 14/12/05 Analysis result: Asbestos not detected Location: GPS not available Notes: A sample of the roofing felt from a demolished building was taken for analysis. Asbestos was not detected in the sample.

54 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – MORAG

Map 11. Morag ± 34°17'2"E 34°17'17"E 34°17'31"E 31°18'43"N 31°18'43"N 31°18'29"N 31°18'29"N

PO3

PO2 31°18'14"N 31°18'14"N

PO1

Settlements Samples sites 0200 400m Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged Assessed sites Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Resolution : 2 m. 1 Demolished greenhouses Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 2 Demolished military outpost Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 3 Water tower Datum : WGS 84. 34°17'2"E 34°17'17"E 34°17'31"E 31°18'0"N 31°18'0"N

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 55 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Bendolakh (Site 7) Name of settlement: Bendolakh General observations Year of establishment: 1986 Bendolakh is situated to the west of a large Type of settlement: agricultural and agricultural greenhouse area and to the northeast industrial of Bnie Atsmon. Topographically, it is located on the edge of a dune area. The landscape to the Area: 305 hectares northwest falls to a number of shallow wadis. The Population settlement itself appears to have had little or no (prior to disengagement): 187 industry, and no contamination or potentially Residential structures contaminating activities were observed within the dismantled: 108 settlement boundaries. However, the map indicated Main features identified: the presence of a dumping site to the west of the Dumping site. settlement boundary.

Soil Sampling locations Results (Sample 7/SS/A) Results of the analyses of the samples are A single sampling location on the down-slope side presented in Appendix III. No samples exceeded of a waste dump site was accessed. The discarded their soil threshold values. material consisted of general domestic refuse (newspapers, bottles and some pipe-work), with Water occasional hazardous types of material (paint tins) contained within an ashy sandy matrix with a A single water sample was taken down-gradient burnt odour. of Bendolakh, between it and the Gan Or settlement. Results are included under Gan Or, It is possible that the depression into which the on page 58. material had been deposited may be a wadi bed and, as such, has the potential to channel water. It was difficult to estimate the full volume of the Asbestos material dumped. However, it was thought No samples were recovered. unlikely to be in excess of 100m3. Hazardous waste The only area of potential concern within the Bendolakh community was the adjacent waste disposal site. However, a walkover survey of the site confirmed that the majority of the waste materials were inert, and were consistent with agricultural practices. One sample was obtained for laboratory analysis, the results of which confirmed the absence of any hazardous material within the soil.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to verify if asbestos debris is present prior to Dumped waste material at the Bendolakh settlement the handling of the demolition debris.

56 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – BENDOLAKH

Map 12. Bendolakh

8GW1 34°15'7"E " 34°15'22"E 34°15'36"E 31°20'10"N

31°20'10"N ±

OP4 4GW1 " 31°19'55"N 31°19'55"N

PO3

" 7/ss/a PO2 31°19'41"N 31°19'41"N

PO5 3/asb/a "" 3/ss/a PO1 31°19'26"N 31°19'26"N 0200 400 Settlements Samples sites m Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Assessed sites Demolished Assessed (!12 sites 1 Demolished breeding factory Unchanged 2 Concrete area Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. 3 Dumping site Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 4 Waterwell Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 5 Demolished bleach and detergent Datum : WGS 84. 34°15'7"E factory 34°15'22"E 34°15'36"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 57 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Gan Or (Site 8) Name of settlement: Gan Or General observations Year of establishment: 1983 Gan Or was a medium-sized agricultural settlement Type of settlement: agricultural and in the Gush Katif. A mapped area located to the industrial east of the main settlement and designated as Area: 99.38 hectares “unknown” was assessed. The assessment confirmed that this was a small uncontrolled waste Population disposal area associated with the agricultural units (prior to disengagement): 270 immediately to the east. The actual disposal area Residential structures forms the western slope of a well-vegetated wadi. dismantled: 100 Main features identified: Soil Destroyed food-processing building. Sampling locations (Sample Reference 8/SS/A) A single sample was recovered from the centre Results of the disposal site. Waste materials included a large number of wood preservative containers All analysis results are presented in Appendix III. (labelled as containing toluene-2-4 Di-Isocyanate No samples exceeded their soil threshold values. produced by Astra Vernici of Italy). These were either fully or partially burned. With these con- Water tainers was (possibly asbestos) sheeting, packing materials and paint containers, as well as Sampling Locations unidentifiable general detritus. Four down-gradient groundwater samples were The impacted area covered most of the length of collected. A large rainwater gathering structure the slope on its up-gradient end, some 15 – 20m, (about 300m2) was identified in the eastern part of with waste materials present as a single layer, the settlement. It was lined properly with high-density although impacting the underlying soil to a depth polyethylene material; some parts of the lining were of approximately 0.1m. This suggests that it served damaged, affecting the ability of the structure to for a single waste disposal event and was not used store water effectively. A water sample was taken continuously over the life of the settlement. (8 SW1) to study the condition of the stored water.

Dumped waste at Gan Or. Although unsightly, contamination was minimal

58 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – GAN OR

Map 13. Gan Or ± 34°15'22"E 34°15'36"E 34°15'50"E 31°20'38"N 31°20'38"N

8GW2 "

8GW3 " 31°20'24"N 31°20'24"N

8/asb/001 " 34°15'7"E

8GW1 "

1 PO 31°20'10"N 31°20'10"N " 8/ss/a

0200 400 31°19'55"N 31°19'55"N Settlements Samples sites m Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. Assessed sites PO3 Projection : UTM, Zone 36. Datum : WGS 84. 34°15'22"E 1 Demolished food and34°15'36"E processing 34°15'50"E " building The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 59 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Location A (8GW1) through the wadi located in the northern part It was located in between the Bedolakh and Gan of the settlement. Or settlements and could be used to assess the potential impact of both settlements. Results Location B (8GW2) Detailed results are provided in Appendix III. No contaminants exceeded their screening criteria. This well was located directly along the down- The surface water sampled showed presence of gradient to Bendolakh beside the main road. coliforms, which is not unexpected in an open Location C (8GW3) and exposed water collector. Coliforms are indicative organisms used to warn for potential This sample was recovered at the end of a wadi presence of pathogens. Water with a coliform course. The pollution from agricultural count is not usable for human consumption or activities may have reached this well easily contact activities without treatment.

Table 6. Gan Or and Bendolakh (8SW1) – Field monitoring results (water) Parameter Units 8 GW1 8 GW2 8 GW3 8 SW1 TFemperature,°F °7723.7 784.9 756.6 62.1 Piressure p4s 05.16 07.17 09.16 0.17 OVRP m9178 159 260 16 p2H 81.1 88. 84.0 8.3 DLO g4/ 7287 7030 7536 827 Cmonductivity u2S/c 520 515 531 70 Location Contaminant Unit Concentration Ttotal coliforms cloun 100 / 100m 8SW1 Ftaecal coliforms cloun 3.0 / 100m

Asbestos

Sample number: 8/asb/001 Date sampled: 14/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 20 18-10 N 34 15 34-02 E Notes: Significant amounts of asbestos cement where noted in the park. This debris appeared to have been crushed by traffic.

60 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – GAN OR

Sample number: / Date sampled: 13/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 20 13-23 N 34 15 32-77 E Notes: It was possible to identify asbestos cement in the rubble of a partially demolished building.

Hazardous waste Reflecting the largely agricultural use of this settlement, no areas of concern regarding hazardous waste were identified during the assessment, except for one small informal waste dump located on the slopes of a small wadi in the vicinity of a number of agricultural processing buildings. A walkover survey of the site confirmed that the waste materials were shallow and contained numerous empty wood preservative containers. Laboratory analysis indicated no contamination of surrounding soil.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 61 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Gadid (Site 9) Name of settlement: Gadid General observations Year of establishment: 1982 Gadid, a former large agricultural settlement, is Type of settlement: agricultural and located on a raised plateau that overlooks to the industrial north the former settlement of Nieve Dkalim. Area: 315.84 hectares While the topography of Gadid is relatively flat, the local wadi system appears to be influenced by Population the topography so that the direction of surface water (prior to disengagement): 289 flow is also to the north. Residential structures dismantled: 137 Soil Main features identified: Waste disposal site, defense bunker and Sampling locations storage building, large dumping site, derelict farm processing (agricultural processing Location A facilities) and packaging building. This area of the settlement was designated on the map as ”unknown”. The location had an unidentified use and comprises two adjacent tank Location B (Sample reference 9/HAZWASTE) units, of which one had three manholes. It was Location B contained a small mound (less than recognized that this might have served as a liquid 5m3) of a powdery white silt-like substance, waste transfer unit and measurements were taken believed to be fertilizer. of the atmosphere within the tanks. No abnormal readings were encountered. No soil sample was Location C (Sample reference 9/SS/A) recovered from this location. This location was characterized by a small building with a stack (chimney). Below the stack was an area of material similar in composition to ash or coal. The area of impact was minor, only 5m2.

Sample 9/SS/B Approximately 3m north of this building was a location believed to represent the bases of fuel tanks. The soil was sandy and the material beneath exhibited a noticeably dark staining.

Location D This location was characterized by a very large waste disposal area containing a diverse range of wastes, some of them burnt.

A soil sample consisting of fine-grained black grey ash with clinker was recovered from the face of the disposal area. Significant deposits of mounded fertilizer wastes, as well as domestic refuse (food cans), smaller volumes of clinical waste A view of the chimney to a unit in Gadid. Sampling showed (bandages) and some industrial materials (paint elevated concentrations of pH and Nickel cans, bags) were present.

62 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – GADID

Map 14. Gadid

34°16'19"E 34°16'34"E 34°16'48"E 31°20'53"N ±31°20'53"N 3 OP6 OP " OP4 9/ss/a

OP5 31°20'38"N 31°20'38"N

OP2

" 9/AgriDump

7WW1 9/observation " " 31°20'24"N

31°20'24"N 9/asb/001 8SW1 " " OP1

8/observation " 31°20'10"N

31°20'10"N PO7 0200 400 Settlements m Samples sites " Waterbodies " Water 9/ss/c Assessed sites Watercourses " Asbestos 1 Tanker Greenhouse " Soil 2 Demolished defense bunker and Demolished Assessed storage building (!12 sites Unchanged 3 Demolished farm processing and Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Packaging Building Resolution : 2 m. 4 Waste disposal site Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 5 Demolished storage building Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 6 Demolished small incinerator Datum : WGS 84. 34°16'19"E 77gzgzgzg Dumping34°16'34"E Site 34°16'48"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 63 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 9/SS/C material that had been burned. However, the risks posed relate, in the context of the contaminants identified, to negative effects on plant growth and human health, due to the low pH.

Location B reflected the storage of hydrocarbons. The concentration identified was relatively low. This fact, combined with observations of a limited area of impact, indicate that the risk is confined to a very localized area. In the context of the size of the waste dispoal site Location B appears to show that no high risk contaminants were deposited.

Since Location C (Sample A) appeared to be a A section of the waste disposal site in Gadid place where burning / incineration had taken place, the sample from this location was analysed Results for the presence of dioxins. Results indicated the presence of dioxins above detection limits. The contaminants listed in table 7 exceeded their However, as no screening value for dioxins exists respective soil threshold values. yet, it was not possible to determine whether they exceeded acceptable thresholds. The samples did, These results corresponded with the observations however, exceed the threshold for pH and Nickel. in the field. Sample Location A reflected deposits It is therefore recommended that these burnt associated with incineration activities. It was materials be removed to a central location for clearly not possible to evaluate the types of storage, treatment and disposal.

Table 7. Gadid – Soil contaminants Contaminant Location Screening Soil threshold value mg/kg Concentration Standard (screening criteria) (mg/kg) NAAickel C0LE 5615 PAaH N0<84; >1 3.6 DBhRO D0utc 56,00 1233 CChopper D6utc 9615 PCaH N0<44; >1 10.

Local and UNEP experts at the site of a sub-surface storage tank in Gadid

64 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – GADID

Water have been used to provide the green-houses with water through a piped distribution network. No Sampling Locations field measurements were taken, due to the (Sample Reference 7 WW1) stagnant nature of the water. A single water sample was recovered from a large Results volume storage sub-surface tank, located in the southwestern part of the settlement. The integrity Detailed results are provided in Appendix III. No of the tank appeared to be sound. It is likely to contaminants exceeded their screening criteria. Asbestos

Sample number: 9/asb/001 Date sampled: 15/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 34 67 92-17 N 62 11 60-37 E Notes: Further examples of asbestos cement debris.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 15/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 34 67 95-98 N 62 11 60-37 E Notes: An example of an asbestos cement sheet on a small building at the rear of the greenhouses.

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Hazardous waste protection of public health and environmental quality. Simple measures should be introduced, Because of its comparatively large size, there were such as stopping waste burning and applying a number of potential areas of concern regarding covering material daily. hazardous waste in the Gadid settlement. These corresponded to the specific locations (A, B, C Recommendations for follow-up action and D) discussed in the “Soil” section on pages 62 to 64. 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be Other potential items of concern related to a identified and sorted out. limited number of derelict vehicles, but their small number makes this a comparatively simple 2. The material identified as ash (Location C), problem to rectify. If the site is to continue to should be collected and transported to a function as a waste disposal facility, an operational central storage area for further treatment and plan should be developed to improve the disposal.

UNEP and Palestinian experts examining a soil sampling location at Gadid

66 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – GADID

Derelict vehicles represent only a minor problem

The large waste disposal site in Gadid

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Nieve Dkalim (Site 10) Name of settlement: Nieve Dkalim General observations Year of establishment: 1980 Nieve Dkalim is one of the largest of the former Type of settlement: agricultural and settlements, comprising residential, industrial and industrial administrative bases. It is located towards the Area: 194 hectares northern end of the Gush Katif. Topographically Population it could be described as relatively flat, although (prior to disengagement): 2563 quite a high escarpment is present to the south of the settlement boundaries (this area was used Residential structures as a waste disposal site and is described in detail dismantled: 543 (including Nieve below). Dkalim Hotel) This former industrial area was mainly intact. Main features identified: However, windows and roofs had been removed Industrial buildings (5), shopping centre, old zoo, from some of the buildings. dumping area, petrol station, power plant, town centre, administrative centre (demolished). Given the size of the former settlement, the team concentrated its efforts on the industrial units to the east, but also included some of the Soil ”unknowns” and a petrol station on the western boundary. Sampling locations

Location A (Sample Reference 10/SS/A) Location A was an area of burnt ground littered with various car-related debris, including bumpers, rubber trims and suspected oil and hydrocarbon odours. The impacted area was about 350m2. Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) readings from the PID were not above background levels of 10.7ppm. The maximum depth of the impacted ”burnt” zone was 0.1m. The soil was of a fine to medium-grained sandy nature, with some gravel.

A small surface drain within the impacted burnt zone was monitored for methane and carbon- dioxide, as well as oxygen. No abnormal readings were recorded.

Location B This area was not sampled but was considered important for waste disposal issues. It represented a large area (some 500m2) of impact from waste materials deposited over the road’s edge and the adjacent natural escarpment. These materials included a large proportion of organic materials The maximum depth of the impacted “burnt” zone (straw and plant bedding) as well as plastic sheeting, at location A was 10 centimeters clearly from the greenhouses to the south.

68 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – NIEVE DKALIM

Map 15. Neve Dkalim ± 34°16'19"E 34°16'34"E 34°16'48"E 34°17'2"E 31°21'36"N 31°21'36"N

OP2 OP OP4 OP7

10/ss/g " OP8

OP10 "

10GW3 31°21'22"N 31°21'22"N

OP6 OP3 OP1 10/ss/a " OP9 OP13

OP14 "10/s " " 10/asb/002 OP11 10/ss/f " 10/asb/001 31°21'7"N 31°21'7"N OP16 OP12 "10/ss/e

OP5 OP15 " 10/ss/h " 10/ss/c

" 10/ss/d 31°20'53"N

" 9/ss/a

0200 400 Settlements Samples sites m Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Assessed sites Greenhouse " Soil 1 Demolished public building 10 Petrol station Demolished Assessed 2 Building Fundations 11 Demolished - Power plant (!12 sites Unchanged 3 Demolished public building 12 Demolished Industrial Building 4 Demolished Sport building 13 Demolished Industrial Building Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. OP15 5 Sports pitch 14 Demolished Industrial Building Resolution : 2 m. 6 Demolished Shopping Center 15 Demolished Industrial Building Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 7 Zoo 16 Demolished Industrial Building Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 8 Demolished University

Datum31°20'38"N : WGS 84. 31°20'53"N 34°16'19"E 9 Demolished administrative34°16'34"E buildings 34°16'48"E 34°17'2"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Large area of some 500 m2 impacted by waste materials, at location B in Nieve Dkalim

Some attempt had been made to dispose of this A conventional three-stage interceptor was material through burning, although it had only present at the rear of the kiosk, which was partially been partially successful. Importantly, the low- filled with water. No petroleum products were lying valley into which the material had been noted to be floating on the water. The discharge deposited was likely to be a wadi bed, providing a point of the interceptor could not be located. potential future water resource. However, vegetation close to the boundary was in good condition, suggesting that any surface Location C discharge was of sufficient quality not to impact Location C represented the remainder of the the growth of plants. industrial units. No samples were recovered, as there was no indication of either potentially There were four tanks, two of which were colour- contaminated land or potentially contaminating coded blue, one red and one green. It was not activities, including power sources. Evidence possible to determine whether these contained existed in the form of discarded packaging that fuel. the units were used for the processing of agricultural products, a low-risk activity in the Arco drainage, designed to capture surface water context of contaminated land. run-off and presumably linked to the interceptor, was found at the entrance and exit to the Location D forecourt. The drainage was partially filled with sand. Location D was the site of a former petrol filling station and much of the infrastructure, including The surfacing of the forecourt is of good quality the fuel tanks, remains. The site did not provide and was considered to be impermeable. any obvious evidence of contamination and there was no evidence of surface staining or any noticeable Results fuel odours indicating potential spillages (other than those emanating from the tanks themselves). No samples exceeded their soil threshold values.

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Water Sampling locations Four water samples were collected in and around this settlement. A former sewage treatment plant was identified in the western part of the settlement, 700m away from the Nieve Dkalim settlement. Partially treated sewage water had been discharged into the wadi.

Location A (10GW1) Location A is situated near the southwestern part of the Nieve Dkalim settlement.

Location B (10GW2) A water sample was taken from a private well (outside the now disengaged area) near the downstream area of the former sewage treatment plant. This well was located about 20m from the sewage treatment plant. The site of the former petrol filling station in Nieve Dkalim Location C (10GW3) Location D (10GW4) This well was located at the entrance to the settlement and was thought to be a good indicator One more water sample was taken in the northern of potential impact on groundwater from part of the area from a well position at the side activities undertaken within the settlement. of the road.

The derelict sewage treatment plant in Nieve Dkalim

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Results leaking seals). Prior to undertaking any detailed assessment, it is recommended that these wells Detailed results are provided in Appendix III. No are re-sampled after cleaning of the pumps and contaminants exceeded their screening criteria. purging the well to ensure that the test is However, two samples showed that traces of representative of the aquifer conditions, rather hydrocarbons were present (10 GW1 and 10 than the well and pump lines. If the results persist, GW4). The source of these trace levels was additional investigations and risk assessment unclear, but the water pumps attached to the wells along the “source-pathway-receptor” model are considered potential oil sources (for example, should be undertaken.

Table 8. Nieve Dkalim – Field monitoring results (water) Parameter Units 10 GW1 10 GW2 10 GW3 10 GW4 TFemperature,°F °5734.5 793. 784.0 73.7 Piressure p6s 04.14 09.17 00.15 0.15 OVRP m1220 167 280 20 p4H 74.7 78.0 71.8 8.0 DLO g6/ 6486 1725 7678 910 Cmonductivity u1S/c 515 1107 477 52

Asbestos

Sample number: 10/asb/001 Date sampled: 14/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 21 09-97 N 34 16 59-98 E Notes: Significant amounts of asbestos cement debris were noted in the area. This was probably from the roof and walls of the original buildings.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 14/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 21 09-97 N 34 16 59-98 E Notes: Asbestos cement sheeting in a poor state of repair, but still forming the roofs of some of the buildings, was noted.

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Sample number: 10/asb/002 Date sampled: 14/12/05 Analysis result: Amosite (brown asbestos) Location: 31 21 10-06 N 34 17 01-40 E Notes: Asbestos insulation board was noted in one of the factory units. Great care should be taken in this area, as it was not possible to identify the original source of the material.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 13412/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 21 10-15 N 34 17 01-46 E Notes: Asbestos cement debris was noted in the former waste disposal area.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 14/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Asbestos cement debris was noted on the main roadway of the industrial estate.

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Sample number: / Date sampled: 14/12/05 Analysis result: / Location: Nieve Dkalim university building Notes: The former university building was undergoing a redevelopment at the time of the inspection.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 14/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: Nieve Dkalim university building Notes: Asbestos cement pipes had been used to carry cables from the ground floor to the first floor.

Hazardous waste The area that was found to represent the greatest concern, from a hazardous waste perspective, was As one of the largest and most diverse the waste disposal site located on a natural settlements with a high degree of industrial escarpment to the south of the settlement. activity, Nieve Dkalim potentially represented an However, an inspection of the site determined that area of considerable concern regarding the accumulated waste materials were inert, hazardous waste. comprising a large proportion of organic materials (straw and plant bedding), as well as plastic However, a walkover survey of the majority of sheeting, clearly from the greenhouses to the south. the settlement showed that the issues were relatively minor. For example, a small number of If necessary, this site could continue to be used vehicle batteries were found scattered around, for waste disposal from the refurbished some of which had been burned. However, the agricultural greenhouses and the associated limited number of these batteries means that this farming community. Alternatively, the site could part of the settlement does not represent a be closed. In that case a closure plan should be significant problem, and that the items can be developed, which may require additional easily retrieved and disposed of. sampling, monitoring and risk assessment.

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Recommendations for follow-up action 3. Repeat sampling and analyses of the water wells should be carried out after proper 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the cleaning of the pump and purging of the demolition waste, asbestos should be wells, in order to identify the source of the identified and sorted out. In particular, hydrocarbons observed. additional efforts should be made to identify the source of the asbestos 4. A decision should be taken on whether to insulation board. continue using the waste disposal site. If it is to be continued, an operational plan should 2. Existing buildings should be thoroughly be developed. inspected for asbestos and its condition should be assessed prior to rehabilitation. 5. During the resettlement phase, consideration should be given to possible land uses for the waste disposal area.

The remains of a burnt lead-acid battery at Nieve Dkalim

Part of Nieve Dkalim’s waste disposal site showing plastic material

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Kfar Yam (Site 11) Name of settlement: Kfar Yam General observations Year of establishment: 1986 The former settlement is located on the coast. Type of settlement: unknown Area: unknown Soil Population The assessment of the site indicated that there (prior to disengagement): unknown were no areas of concern requiring further or Residential structures more detailed assessment from a contaminated dismantled: 11 land perspective. (including Shirat Hayam) Water Main features identified: Destroyed military infrastructure. One water sample was selected in the up gradient of the settlement.

Sample A (11GW1) Results The well is believed to have been used for in- Detailed results are provided in Appendix III. No tensive agricultural activities. contaminants exceeded their screening criteria.

Table 9. Kfar Yam – Field monitoring results (water) Parameter Units Concentration TFemperature,°F °273. Piressure p6s 0.16 OVRP m021 pH 7.34 DLO u1g/ 267 Cmonductivity u8S/c 245

A building on the beach in Kfar Yam had been partly demolished

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Map 16. Kfar Yam

34°15'50"E 34°16'5"E 34°16'19"E 31°22'5"N

31°22'5"N ± 31°21'50"N 31°21'50"N

OP1 31°21'36"N 31°21'36"N

11GW1 " 11/asb/001 "

Settlements Samples sites Waterbodies " Water " Watercourses " Asbestos 10/ss/g Greenhouse " Soil 10GW3 Demolished 12 Assessed " (! sites OP85 Unchanged 0200 400

m 31°21'22"N Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Resolution31°21'22"N : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. Assessed sites Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 1 Destroyed military infastructure Datum : WGS 84. 34°15'50"E 34°16'5"E 34°16'19"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Asbestos

Sample number: 11/asb/001 Date sampled: 15/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 34 70 03-46 N 62 03 08-20 E Notes: Asbestos cement debris was found to be mixed with the general building rubble.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 15/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: Kfar Yam beach Notes: One part of the building had an asbestos cement roof still in place, which had been used as shuttering for concrete.

Palestinian security guards were present during the assessment work

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Beach near the disengaged Kfar Yam settlement

Hazardous waste The small, agricultural nature of the Kfar Yam settlement, coupled with an absence of industrial activities, meant that there were no areas of concern from a hazardous waste perspective.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

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Ganei Tal (Site 12) Name of settlement: Ganei Tal General observations Year of establishment: 1979 Ganei Tal is a large, agricultural former Type of settlement: agricultural and settlement occupying mostly level land, within industrial a characteristic dune landscape exhibiting a deep Area: 193.34 hectares wadi system to the west of the main settlement Population block. On the western border an airstrip has (prior to disengagement): 275 been constructed. Residential structures dismantled: 107 Soil Main features identified: Sampling locations Derelict farm processing building, rehabilitated storage building, large dumping site. Two locations were visited, however, no samples were recovered, as visits did not indicate any environmental concerns requiring equipment and stores for use in the reconditioned laboratory analysis. The findings are detailed greenhouses. below. Location B Location A The northwestern end of the airstrip was Location A was an area to the south of the main considered to represent the probable location of residential and administrative parts of the former fuel storage tanks. Investigation of this area settlement, on the edge of a large agricultural confirmed that excavations had been made with block. This area was visited to ascertain the the probable intention of removing tanks. There designation of the two areas marked ”unknown” was no evidence of spilled products or on the map. Investigation confirmed that these contamination, either visually or from a were former agricultural buildings: one was measurement of the VOC content using the PID. burned out and contained what appeared to be milling equipment, while the second had been Background reading 16.0ppm reconditioned and was being used to house VOC recording 15.7ppm

Ganei Tal features an extensive greenhouse complex

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Map 17. Ganei Tal

34°17'31"E 34°17'46"E 34°18'0"E 34°18'14"E 31°22'48"N 31°22'48"N ± 31°22'34"N 31°22'34"N 31°22'19"N

31°22'19"N O2 OP1 P 31°22'5"N 31°22'5"N OP3 31°21'50"N 31°21'50"N

Settlements Samples sites Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Demolished Assessed 0200 400 (!12 sites Unchanged m

Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Assessed sites Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 1 Rehabilitated storage building Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 2 Demolished farlm processing building 3 Large Dumping site Datum : WGS 84. 34°17'31"E 34°17'46"E 34°18'0"E 34°18'14"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Results Authority well 9 (PWA-9). A waste dump site was located upstream of the well. No soil samples were recovered from this location. Location B (12GW2) Water Located in the western part of the settlement, outside the now disengaged areas, this well was being used Sampling locations for intensive orange and guava horticulture. Location A (12GW1) Results This well was located on the main road near the Detailed results are provided in Appendix III. No settlement and was designated as a Palestine Water contaminants exceeded their screening criteria.

Table 10. Ganei Tal – Field monitoring results (water) Parameter Units 12 GW1 12 GW2 TFemperature,°F °5724.8 73.3 Piressure p5s 06.15 0.18 OVRP m2186 21 pH 84.04 8.0 DLO u9g/ 7633 693 Cmonductivity u3S/c 628 64

Asbestos

Sample number: 12/asb/001 Date sampled: 15/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: One end of the building had been damaged by fire and damaged asbestos sheeting was found on the floor and still attached to the roof.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 15/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Asbestos cement sheeting outside and to the rear of the building.

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Hazardous waste Due to the predominantly agricultural nature of activities within the Ganei Tal settlement, no significant issues were found in relation to hazardous waste.

However, the high degree of uncontrolled disposing of waste within the wadi, principally from the northern and southern banks was of interest. This was visible from the adjacent abandoned airport runway. An inspection of this extensive area determined that the majority of the waste was plastic, probably originating from the refurbishment of the agricultural greenhouses.

Although this uncontrolled dumping of waste material represented a significant visual blight, it did not constitute a public health nuisance as such. As disposing of waste in a wadi may eventually lead to groundwater contamination, however, it is recommended that the use of this site be discontinued. A local farmer assists with sampling at the Ganei Tal borehole

Recommendations for follow-up action

1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

2. Waste disposal in the wadi should be discontinued.

3. During the resettlement phase, consideration should be given to the possible land uses of A section of Ganei Tal’s greenhouses showing the waste disposal area. plastic waste in the foreground

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Katif (Site 14) Name of settlement: Katif General observations Year of establishment: 1978 This former settlement appears to have been Type of settlement: agricultural and more industrial, although most of the industrial infrastructure has been demolished. Katif lies Area: unknown amidst low vegetated dunes, falling to a level Population plateau adjacent to a local residential area. (prior to disengagement): 369 Observations of contamination were limited to Residential structures a former industrial area, as indicated on map 18. dismantled: 43 Main features identified: An intact evaporation pond from a demolished Derelict cattle farm, industrial sites (2), water sewage plant was noted in the eastern part of the treatment plant, sewage pond, vegetable settlement. This evaporation pond was properly processing industry. lined and did not appear to pose a risk of groundwater contamination. The sample was recovered from an area of the site Soil characterized by distinctive black staining, resulting from burning and the subsequent formation of a Sampling location hard crust on the surface. Excavations indicated that A single area of potential contamination was this extended no more than 0.2m below the surface. sampled. It was accompanied by a slight hydrocarbon odour, in respect of which a VOC reading of 20ppm was Location A recorded (against a background of 13ppm). The total area of impact was no larger than 25m2. Location A was to the south of a relatively large industrial area, although there was no evidence Results of the activities undertaken here. Some exterior walls clad with polystyrene suggested use as a The sample container was destroyed in transit and cold store. the sample could not be analysed. Sample 14/SS/A

Location of soil sample collection at Katif

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Map 18. Katif

34°18'29"E 34°18'43"E 34°18'58"E

± OP47

" 15/ss/c

OP87 31°22'48"N 31°22'48"N

OP6

OP5 31°22'34"N 31°22'34"N

OP4 " 14/asb/001OP3 " 14/ss/a

OP2

OP1 31°22'19"N 31°22'19"N

Settlements Samples sites Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos 0200 400 Greenhouse " Soil m Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Assessed sites Unchanged 1 Demolished cattle farm 2 Water treatment tank/water pond Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. 3 Demolished industrial building Resolution : 2 m. 4 Demolished industrial building Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 5 Demolished refrigeration building Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 6 Demolished vegetable processing factory 7 Water tank Datum : WGS 84. 34°18'29"E 8 Demolished34°18'43"E tomatoe factory 34°18'58"E 31°22'5"N 31°22'5"N

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Water No sample location existed in and around the settlement, therefore no samples were recovered.

Asbestos

Sample number: 14/asb/001 Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Asbestos cement debris was noted in the area of the evaporation pond.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: A former garage that had been subject to fire damage was noted on the site. The roof appeared to have been constructed of asbestos cement.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: The asbestos cement debris was widespread in this area. It was also possible to identify other areas of asbestos cement debris in this location.

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UNEP and Palestinian experts in Katif

Hazardous waste

Despite greater industrial activity within Katif, compared to the majority of other settlements, no hazardous waste was observed during the assessment.

Recommendations for follow-up action

1 Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

2 The Environment Quality Authority should undertake additional sampling at Location A and analyse for the potential presence of hydrocarbons. Containers, such as those shown here, were found around the Katif site

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Netser Hasani (Site 15) Name of settlement: Netser Hasani General observations Year of establishment: 1973 This former settlement is characterized by intensive Type of settlement: agricultural and greenhouse agriculture around an administrative industrial and residential core. Former industrial activities, Area: 56.6 hectares where identified, were small-scale and have limited potential for contamination. All areas marked as Population ”industry” on the aerial map were visited. (prior to disengagement): 339 Residential structures Almost all the buildings within the settlement core dismantled: 154 had been demolished and stockpiles of material Main features identified: had been deposited across the central area. A Grain store, water tank, vehicle workshops, proportion of this material was of a construction tomato factory, water well, industry. / demolition source and appeared, on the whole, to be inert. The remainder was clearly of an organic nature as shown below. Location A (Sample reference 15/SS/A) Soil This site was located to the east of the residential Sampling locations centre in an area featuring aqua-culture tanks. Oil Four areas of potential concern (A to D) were is covering an area of 5m2 appeared to have been noted, as detailed below. Locations A and B were spilled from a greenhouse heating unit. The identified as being of potential concern by the viscosity of the oil was high, limiting the extent assessment team, while sample locations C and of the spill, with a PID reading of 65ppm (against D were highlighted as being of concern by a background of 16ppm). The high viscosity and officials of the Palestinian Authority who the low PID reading suggest a heavy oil, probably accompanied the team. heating oil.

A greenhouse heating unit with localized oil spill in the background

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Map 19. Netser Hasani ± 34°19'12"E 34°19'26"E 34°19'41"E 31°23'17"N 31°23'17"N

OP3

OP2

" 31°23'2"N 31°23'2"N

OP7 OP1

" 15/ss/c OP4 OP6

15/asb/001 15/asb/003 " " 46 " " " 15/ss/b

15/asb/002 15/asb/005 31°22'48"N 31°22'48"N " 5 OP " 15/ss/a

Settlements Samples sites Waterbodies " Water 0200 400 Watercourses " Asbestos m Greenhouse " Soil 31°22'34"N

31°22'34"N Demolished Assessed Assessed sites (!12 sites Unchanged 1 Demolished tomatoe factory 2 Waterwell Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. 3 Demolished vehicule workshop Resolution : 2 m. 4 Demolished industrial building Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 5 Demolished agricultural building Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 6 Removed ground 34°18'58"EDatum : WGS 84. 34°19'12"E 7 Removed ground 34°19'26"E 34°19'41"E OP " The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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The oil was only found to a depth of 0.2m below slope. Within this area were four highly corroded the surface, composed of a medium-grained 50 litre drums, the provenance of which could not ”clean” sand. Given the limited depth profile of be confirmed (i.e. there were no visible markings). the contamination as shown by visual observation, it was felt that there was no need to extend the The soil / sand from both within the drums and depth of the sampling. surrounding area did not provide any immediate evidence of contamination. Vegetation within Location B (Sample 15/SS/B) the area also appeared to be healthy, as far as the prevailing environment allowed. The second area of concern – comprising two 50 litre drums discarded on the surface among Location D (Sample 15/SS/D and the debris – was located within the residential part samples 14/lfill/A, 14/lfill/B and 14/lfill/C) of the settlement. The drums were accompanied by a moderate smell of diesel and limited staining Location D was situated outside the settlement to the sand beneath. Diesel odours were noted boundaries to the east, falling within an area to a depth of 0.50m. A maximum PID reading described as a mineral extraction site, in reality a of 150ppm was recorded against a background sand quarry. It was clear that extensive waste of 17ppm, suggesting a moderate level of diesel disposal activities had been undertaken there. It contamination. The area of impact was limited had also been used as a firing range, as to 10m2. demonstrated by children excavating unused small arms munitions. Location C (Sample 15/SS/C) Palestinian Authority officials suggested that the Location C was situated to the north of the main site had been used for the disposal of hazardous settlement area, close to an abandoned military waste. A preliminary review of the site was carried observation post. The area featured small, partially out at surface level, but, with the exception of vegetated dunes. A soil sample of fine-grained the munitions, no hazardous materials were unconsolidated sand was recovered from a dune identified.

Sampling in the field using hand-held portable equipment

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by a slight odour of ammonia, although gas measurements did not indicate any cause for concern. This material extended to the depth of the trial hole. It is highly likely that this material originated from the agricultural practices undertaken in the surrounding settlements. No hazardous material was encountered during this investigation.

Results The contaminants listed in table 11 exceeded their respective soil threshold values. High volumes of plastic and organic material in an excavation pit The concentrations of hydrocarbons within Location A fully reflected the field observations. In order to further verify this observation, While the concentrations were significant, they however, this location was visited on two further were localized. The depth of penetration of the occasions. During the first visit, one sample was oils into the sub-surface was observed as no more recovered from the surface deposits (15/SS/D), than 0.5m, reflecting the viscosity of the fuels used. while on the second visit (three days after the first) These materials do, however, still pose a risk to samples were recovered at depths of 1.1m, 2.15m human health and should be managed in order to and 3.2m, following the excavation of a trial hole limit human contact. Recommendations are given by the Palestinian Authority. These correspond on pages 124 to 125. to samples 14/lfill/A-C, the shallowest being A and the deepest C. The landfill assessed in sample Location D clearly contained deposits of hydrocarbons, The vertical sequence, as evidenced by the trial albeit only slightly exceeding the screening hole, confirmed that a significant volume of waste criteria. Samples recovered from further depths materials had been deposited into the quarry. were not analysed for hydrocarbons. Due to Plastic sheeting and organic debris (woody stems, the extensive nature of this landfill, additional straw) were also observed within a grey-stained sampling, both along the surface and at depth, sandy matrix. The excavation was accompanied is recommended.

Table 11. Netser Hasani – Soil contaminants Contaminant Location Screening Soil threshold value mg/kg Concentration and depth Standard (screening criteria) (mg/kg) MAhineral oil D0utc 50,00 2117 DAhRO D0utc 52,00 7760 EAhndrin D5utc 01.09 0. PAhhenanthrene D0utc 94141. FAAluoranthene C5LE 1019. BAhenz(a)anthracene D3utc 10. 0 CAAhrysene C5LE 1327. BAAenzo(b)fluoranthene C1LE 2. 8 BAAenzo(a)pyrene C5LE 04. 8.37 MBhineral oil D0utc 54,00 814 DBhRO D0utc 56,00 1332 D)RO Dh(0.2m D0utc 50,00 505

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Water Location B (15GW2) Sampling locations Location B was situated to the north of the settlement (but outside the now disengaged Two groundwater samples were collected from area) and close to the waste disposal site. The the down-gradient side of the waste disposal site. waste disposal site lay over sand dunes. These Location A was situated in the western part of dune systems are highly vulnerable to the settlement and Location B in the northern groundwater pollution. The shallow static water part. level was measured in this open well at a depth Location A (15GW1) of 25m. The water sample collected from the borehole in Results Location A (in the western part of the settlement) was considered to be a good indicator of potential Detailed results are provided in Appendix III. No pollution. contaminants exceeded their screening criteria.

Asbestos

Sample number: 15/asb/001 Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Significant amounts of asbestos cement debris were found inside the synagogue. The former roof of the synagogue appeared to have been constructed of asbestos cement sheets.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Inside the building asbestos cement debris could be found mixed with the general building rubble.

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Sample number: 15/asb/002 Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Asbestos not detected Location: GPS not available Notes: A sample of the textured coating paint from the inside of the synagogue was taken for analysis. Asbestos was not detected in the sample.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: / Location: GPS not available Notes: Asbestos cement debris was noted in the greenhouse area.

Sample number: 15/asb/003 Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: An area of asbestos cement debris adjacent to the greenhouse area had been subject to damage by fire.

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Sample number: 15/asb/004 Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Asbestos not detected Location: GPS not available Notes: Asbestos cement debris could be observed approximately 5 meters downwind from the location of the fire adjacent to the greenhouse area. A sample of sand was taken from the area and was found not to contain asbestos.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: / Location: GPS not available Notes: The roof and walls of the former industrial buildings appeared to have been constructed of asbestos cement. The bulk of the asbestos cement appeared to have been removed from the site.

Sample number: 15/asb/005 Date sampled: 12/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Significant amounts of asbestos cement debris were noted in the above industrial area.

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Hazardous waste Recommendations for follow-up action

Within the settlement itself the only cause for 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the concern regarding hazardous waste related to a demolition waste, asbestos should be number of discarded vehicles. These in themselves identified and sorted out. did not represent a serious risk, as they could easily 2. The contaminated soil and drums should be be removed and recycled and/or disposed of at a collected from Locations A-C and moved to suitable facility. a central area for treatment/disposal.

However, to the east of the settlement was a large 3. The surface sample at Location D marginally waste disposal site, located within a substantial exceeded the screening criteria for hy- former sand borrow-pit, covering several hectares. drocarbons. Since the field observations did Due to the presence of hydrocarbons at the site not indicate any visible stains or odour, sampled, further investigation at this site is hydrocarbon measurements were not requested recommended. on the samples taken at various depths. In view of the test results, it is recommended to Hazardous material was generally not observed, undertake additional sampling, specifically for with the notable exception of the ”live” hydrocarbons, to ensure that the contamination ammunition originating from the time when the is not widespread. site was used for shooting practice by Israeli settlers. These items were observed to be 4. Water sampling should be undertaken from reclaimed by children digging on the site. deeper aquifers.

If there is a need in the future, it is entirely feasible 5. The entire area of the waste disposal site and appropriate for a portion of this site to continue should be mapped and integrated into the land to be used for waste disposal operations. Given the use planning map of the settlements. high organic content of the local waste stream, part of the site could further be allocated to the 6. The options for the continued use of the site practice of composting organic waste. If the site, for waste disposal and composting activities or part of it, is to continue to be used for waste should be assessed and appropriate ope- management purposes, it is necessary to develop rational or closure procedures developed and and implement appropriate operating procedures to implemented. address issues such as the application of cover material to minimize public health nuisances.

Alternatively, the whole site could be permanently closed. Due to the extensive nature of this landfill, however, it is recommended that further sampling, monitoring and risk assessment is undertaken prior to its closure. It is also recommended to mark the area on the land use map to restrict building activities on the site.

UNEP expert collecting a core sample from an excavation pit

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Tel Katifa (Site 16) Name of settlement: Tel Katifa Soil Year of establishment: 1998 The assessment of the site indicated that from a Type of settlement: agricultural contaminated land perspective there were no areas Area: unknown of concern requiring further or more detailed Population assessment. (prior to disengagement): unknown Water Residential structures dismantled: 20 There were no apparent wells in this locality and Main features identified: no samples were recovered. Rainwater pond, vegetable storage building. Asbestos There were no areas of notable concern in relation to asbestos. However, this does not settlement. As with a number of the other small preclude the presence of asbestos and it is unindustrialized settlements, the issues were possible that some form of material containing restricted to a large accumulation of building asbestos is present. rubble across the surface of the site.

Hazardous waste Recommendations for follow-up action Following a walkover survey of the site, it was 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to determined that there were no areas of concern verify if asbestos debris is present prior to regarding hazardous waste within the Tel Katifa the handling of the demolition debris.

Tel Katifa beach

A section of the Tel Katifa site showing the extent of the rubble

96 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – TEL KATIFA

Map 20. Tel Katifa ± 34°18'43"E 34°18'58"E 34°19'12"E 31°24'29"N 31°24'29"N

PO1 PO4 31°24'14"N 31°24'14"N

PO2 PO3 31°24'0"N 31°24'0"N

Settlements Samples sites Waterbodies " Water 0200 400 Watercourses " Asbestos m Greenhouse " Soil Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged Assessed sites Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. 1 Removed ground Resolution : 2 m. 2 Destroyed vegetable storage building 31°23'46"N Natural31°23'46"N Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 3 Rainwater pond Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 4 Removed ground Datum : WGS 84. 34°18'43"E 34°18'58"E 34°19'12"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Kfar Darom (Site 17) Name of settlement: Kfar Darom Kfar Darom is a small to medium-sized former Year of establishment: 1970 settlement located on the flat gravel plain east of Gaza City and south of Netsarim. It appears that Type of settlement: residential and the settlement was mainly residential, but a small agricultural number of units possibly used for industry were Area: 46 hectares also identified. Population (prior to disengagement): 380 Soil Residential structures Sampling locations dismantled: 92 Main features identified: Location A (Sample reference 17/SS/A) Demolished industrial site (2). An area of staining associated with hydrocarbon odours (probably diesel) was identified at the east end of the settlement immediately adjacent to the boundary wall. The area impacted by the spilled fuel Hazardous waste was no larger than 25m2, with a depth of 0.5m, 3 Following a walkover survey of the site, it was resulting in a volume of 10 - 15m . determined that there were no areas of concern The contaminants listed in table 12 exceeded their regarding hazardous waste within the Kfar Darom respective soil threshold values. settlement.

Clearly some form of fuel has been spilled in this Recommendations for follow-up action area and no evidence was observed of either tank storage or a re-fuelling facility. Despite this, there 1 Final inspection should be undertaken to are risks to the environment, particularly from verify if asbestos debris is present prior to contaminated groundwater entering a pathway to the handling of the demolition debris. the foodchain. Removal of this material will eliminate 2 Soil should be evacuated from Location A and the source of contamination and mitigate the risk. moved to a central location for storage and treatment. Water No water wells were identified within the settlement and hence no samples were recovered.

Asbestos There were no areas of notable concern in relation to asbestos. However, this does not preclude the presence of asbestos and it is possible that some form of asbestos-containing material is present. The primary problem in Kfar Darom is rubble removal Table 12. Kfar Darom – Soil contaminants Contaminant Location Screening Soil threshold value mg/kg Concentration Standard (screening criteria) (mg/kg) DAhRO D0utc 59,00 1863

98 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – KFAR DAROM

Map 21. Kfar Darom

34°21'22"E 34°21'36"E 34°21'50"E 34°22'5"E

31°24'43"N ± 31°24'29"N 31°24'29"N 31°24'14"N 31°24'14"N

PO1 31°24'0"N 31°24'0"N

Settlements Samples sites 31°23'46"N

31°23'46"N Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " 0200 400 Asbestos m Greenhouse " Soil Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. Assessed sites Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 1 Demolished Industrial Building Datum : WGS 84. 34°21'22"E 34°21'36"E 34°21'50"E 34°22'5"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Netsarim (site 18) Name of settlement: Netsarim General observations Year of establishment: 1972 The former settlement of Netsarim is located in Type of settlement: residential and a generally agricultural district south of Gaza City. agricultural The residential and administrative part of the Area: 156.62 hectares settlement is located on a slight hill, although it is unclear to what extent this is man-made. Population (prior to disengagement): 432 Soil Residential structures dismantled: 84 Sampling locations Main features identified: (Sample reference 18/SS/LFILL/A) Demolished factory (2), demolished electric Palestinian officials were concerned that this area building, hotel, derelict petrol station, sewage discharge pipe. may have been used for the uncontrolled burial of waste materials by the Israelis during the disengagement process. The area was generally agricultural. There was a large operational landfill Results to the east, but it was sufficiently distant to be No samples exceeded their soil threshold values. insignificant for this assessment. The field exhibited surface track-marks suggesting recent vehicle Water movements, but the origin of these could not be Sampling locations conclusively established. Geomorphologically the general area in which the Four trial pits were excavated using a back hoe settlement falls can be considered as acting as a excavator in the top northern corner of the field ”basinal” structure. One water sample was taken closest to the road junction. There was no from the settlement. evidence of any waste materials. The geological profile was almost wholly characterized, to a depth Location A (18GW1) of 2.8m, by a moist medium-grained sandy clay- Location A was situated in the centre of the rich soil, distinctly organic-rich. Netsarim settlement.

The borehole in Netsarim where water samples were collected

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Map 22. Netsarim ±34°24'0"E 34°24'14"E 34°24'29"E 34°24'43"E 34°24'58"E 34°25'12"E (!4

18GW2

(!7 " 31°29'31"N 31°29'31"N (!9

(!8

(!3 31°29'17"N 31°29'17"N 31°29'2"N 31°29'2"N

18GW1"

(!5 31°28'48"N

31°28'48"N (!6

(!2

(!1 31°28'34"N 31°28'34"N 31°28'19"N 31°28'19"N Settlements Samples sites 0250 500 Waterbodies " Water m Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Assessed sites Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged 1 Demolished agricultural building 7 Hotel 2 Demolished buildings 8 Demolished buildings Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. 3 Sewage Discharge pipe 9 Petrol station Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 4 Sewage Discharge pipe Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 5 Demolished buildings 31°28'5"N Datum31°28'5"N : WGS34°24'0"E 84. 34°24'14"E 6 Demolished34°24'29"E swimming-pool 34°24'43"E 34°24'58"E 34°25'12"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Table 13. Netsarim – Field monitoring results (water) Parameter Unit 18GW1 TFemperature,°F °673.5 Piressure p1s 0.15 OVRP m123 pH 7.12 DLO u5g/ 445 Cmonductivity u0S/c 181

Asbestos

Sample number: 18/asb/001 Date sampled: 15/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Asbestos cement debris was noted in several locations around the greenhouse area.

UNEP experts collecting samples in Netsarim

102 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – NETSARIM

Trial pitting exercise in a field near Netsarim

Hazardous waste No hazardous waste or contaminated soil was identified in this settlement during the assessment.

Recommendations for follow-up action 1. Prior to the disposal and reuse of the demolition waste, asbestos should be identified and sorted out.

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Dugit (Site 19) Name of settlement: Dugit General observations Year of establishment: 1990 Dugit was a small settlement located on a hilltop. Type of settlement: residential and Although not fully apparent, it is likely that small industrial wadis run close to the hill, draining into the plain Area: 67.46 hectares to the west. Low-intensity agriculture is being undertaken on the lands adjacent to the Population (prior to disengagement): 66 settlement. Residential structures Soil dismantled: 28 Main features identified: The assessment of the site indicated that from a Industrial. contaminated land perspective there were no areas of concern requiring further or more detailed assessment. Hazardous waste Water Following a walkover survey of the site, it was determined that there were no areas of concern There were no apparent wells in this locality and regarding hazardous waste within the Dugit therefore no samples were recovered. settlement. Once again, the major issue was building rubble, the bulk of which originated Asbestos from the demolition of a number of domestic and institutional premises. There were no areas of notable concern in relation to asbestos. However, this does not Recommendations for follow-up action preclude the presence of asbestos and it is 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to possible that some form of asbestos-containing verify if asbestos debris is present prior to materials is present. the handling of the demolition debris.

Rubble removal is the primary problem in Dugit

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Map 23. Dugit 34°29'2"E± 34°29'17"E 34°29'31"E 34°29'46"E 31°34'48"N 31°34'48"N 31°34'34"N 31°34'34"N 31°34'19"N 31°34'19"N

Settlements Samples sites

Waterbodies " Water 31°34'5"N

31°34'5"N Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Destroyed Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged Ikonos Multispectral imagery. Acquisition: 6th June 2005 Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 0250 500 Projection : UTM, Zone 36. m Datum34°29'2"E : WGS 84. 34°29'17"E 34°29'31"E 34°29'46"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Elei Sinai (Site 20) Name of settlement: Elei Sinai General observations Year of establishment: 1982 The settlement of Elei Sinai was located on a Type of settlement: residential and hillside immediately along the current border in industrial the north. Due to security considerations, it was only possible to view the former settlement Area: 54.9 hectares briefly. Population (prior to disengagement): 349 Soil Residential structures The assessment of the site indicated that, from a dismantled: 95 contaminated land perspective, there were no Main features identified: areas of concern requiring further or more Industrial. detailed assessment.

Water No wells were apparent in this locality and regarding hazardous waste within the Elei Sinai therefore no samples were recovered. settlement. Once again, the major issue was building rubble, the bulk of which appeared to Asbestos have come from the demolition of a number of domestic and institutional premises. There were no areas of notable concern in relation to asbestos and therefore no samples were taken. Recommendations for follow-up action Hazardous waste 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to Following a walkover survey of the site, it was verify if asbestos debris is present prior to determined that there were no areas of concern the handling of the demolition debris.

As with the other small settlements, the main issue was rubble

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Map 24. Elei Sinai ±34°29'46"E 34°30'0"E 34°30'14"E 34°30'29"E 31°35'17"N 31°35'17"N 31°35'2"N 31°35'2"N 31°34'48"N 31°34'48"N

Settlements Samples sites Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged 31°34'34"N

Ikonos31°34'34"N image acquired 2005/09/27. Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 0250 500 Projection : UTM, Zone 36. m Datum :34°29'46"E WGS 84. 34°30'0"E 34°30'14"E 34°30'29"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Nisanit / New Nisanit (Site 21) Name of settlement: Nisanit / General observations New Nisanit Nisanit and New Nisanit are essentially a single Year of establishment: 1982 settlement located on a hilltop immediately adjacent Type of settlement: residential and to the current border. Security considerations industrial prevented a thorough assessment. Area: 126.6 hectares Geographically, the former settlements overlook Population Erez to the east and Palestinian residential areas to (prior to disengagement): 1035 the west. Surface water is likely to drain to the west. Residential structures Soil dismantled: 280 The assessment of the site indicated that, from a Main features identified: contaminated land perspective, there were no Industrial (6), surface water (1). areas of concern requiring further or more detailed assessment.

Water regarding hazardous waste within the Nisanit settlement. Once again, the major issue was There were no apparent wells in this locality and building rubble, the bulk of which appeared therefore no samples were recovered. to have come from the demolition of a number of domestic, institutional and recreational Asbestos premises, including a swimming pool and There were no areas of notable concern in relation basketball court. to asbestos and therefore no samples were taken. Recommendations for follow-up action Hazardous waste 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to Following a walkover survey of the site, it was verify if asbestos debris is present prior to determined that there were no areas of concern the handling of the demolition debris.

Abandoned sports and leisure facility in Nisanit

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Map 25. Nisanit / New Nisanit ± 34°31'26"E 34°31'41"E 34°31'55"E 34°32'10"E 31°33'50"N 31°33'50"N

23/ss 23WW1 " 31°33'36"N 31°33'36"N

" 23/s

23WW 23/as 31°33'22"N 31°33'22"N

Settlements Samples sites Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. Projection : UTM, Zone 36. 0250 500

m 31°33'7"N Datum : WGS 84.34°31'26"E 34°31'41"E 34°31'55"E 31°33'7"N

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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Erez Industrial Estate (Site 23) addressed soon, the oil could eventually cause wider pollution of the soil and groundwater, even General observations though the high viscosity of the oil limits the rate of migration. As mentioned previously, it is not This industrial estate, established in 1970, is clear where surface waters are drained and located on the northern border with Israel. It is a whether interceptors are present to capture the large, wholly industrial complex used for a range oils. If interceptors are present, it is highly likely of activities, including power generation, light that their effectiveness will have been industry, car repair and breaking, and petrol retail. compromised by the volume of spilled oils It was not possible to review every building, but migrating into the drainage system. efforts were made to visit those considered to have the highest potential to contaminate. An inspection was made of an auto breaker / repairer. The surface cover of this unit was not The estate itself is located in a low-lying area, protected by concrete, and obvious widespread with low hills to the west. There are no apparent staining of the soil was observed. Analysis of the wadi systems or surface water. The surface water soil sample recovered showed the presence of high is likely to drain underground (through concentrations of hydrocarbons, poly-chlorinated soakaways) or through natural surface drainage. bi-phenyls and metals. This was to be expected, Vegetation is sparse, as would be expected. given the use of the site. However, it was apparent that the con-tamination, visually at least, had not Overall the condition of the buildings and the penetrated deeply into the soil, probably because surfacing of the underlying ground was fairly of its density and im-permeability. This was the good. One exception was the power station, only activity of this type observed during the which had been largely destroyed. The power assessment, but it is likely that units undertaking house exhibited free oil laying on the surface. similar work would have similar levels of Fingerprinting of this oil showed it to be contamination. While the contamination does not composed of the carbon range C9 - C4o and was appear to have migrated far, it still presents a risk identified as used engine oil. This represents a to site users through direct contact with the risk to those accessing the site, as well as a risk to contamination, as well as through the generation the local sub-surface in parts where the integrity of gases and the migration – albeit slow – of of the concrete is not good. If this is not contaminated leachates into the groundwater.

UNEP expert and Palestinian boy in Erez

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Map 26. Erez Industrial Estate ± 34°31'55"E 34°32'10"E 34°32'24"E 31°33'50"N 31°33'50"N

23/ss/a

" " 23/ss/b " 23WW1 31°33'36"N 31°33'36"N

" 23/ss/c

23WW2

" " " 23/ss/d

23/asb/001 31°33'22"N 31°33'22"N

23WW3 31°33'7"N 31°33'7"N Settlements Samples sites Waterbodies " Water Watercourses " Asbestos Greenhouse " Soil Demolished Assessed (!12 sites Unchanged Ikonos image acquired 2005/09/27. Resolution : 2 m. Natural Colour Composition : 3,2,1. 0250 500 Projection : UTM, Zone 36. m Datum : WGS 84. 34°31'55"E 34°32'10"E 34°32'24"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

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A fuel filling station was also visited. The results production plant located in the northern part of the analysis confirmed the presence of of the compound closest to the Israeli hydrocarbon contamination in the area observed border. close to the tanks. The contamination extended to a depth of at least 0.5m and it is highly likely that it extends further. The soil profile was a loose The overall impression of this location was sand, which will not prevent migration. However, that, although spilled oils were prevalent over the contamination did not appear to cover a large much of the area, they had not migrated outside area, suggesting that the spill was localized and the compound, due to their high viscosity. The limited in volume. Risks posed are again of an local sub-surface soil environment was immediate nature - to those accessing the site protected further by the impermeability of the (dermal contact), as well as through the generation surfacing. However, it was not immediately of gases, although it is acknowledged that the risk apparent how surface water drainage was of gas generation is mitigated to some extent by collected and directed to its final discharge the exterior location of the contamination. point, though previous observations from other settlements indicated a preference for using Soil interceptor units. There is little reason to Sampling locations believe that this was not the case here. Given the volume of the spilled oils, if an interceptor Locations A and B is present, it is higly likely that the chambers (Sample references 23/SS/A and 23/SS/B) would be filled and the capacity and The power station was located in the north- effectiveness of the interceptor heavily western corner of the estate, with the main compromised.

Spilled oils on location in Erez Industrial Estate

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Location D Location D was a petrol station located in the southeastern corner of the estate. It was a large facility, which had clearly served a number of vehicle types, with three conventional car pump islands and two large vehicle pump islands. The former were served by five underground storage tanks (coloured green, grey, red, white and blue) themselves filled through offset pipes. The larger vehicle pumps were serviced from three tanks located to the south of the service area, where hydrocarbon staining and odours covering a small area of about 10m2 but extending to 0.5m where identified. PID readings of 300ppm were recorded from 0.1m and 190ppm from 0.5m (background readings of 14ppm for both depths).

Sample 23/SS/D A compound, on location in Erez, used for breaking down motor vehicles Hydrocarbon staining was also noted over an area of the forecourt close to the five tanks. However, Location C this appeared to be only surface staining contained by the concrete, which was of high This was a small to medium-sized compound integrity. approximately 3,000m2 in size, used for breaking motor vehicles, with resulting piles of various There was no indication of any petrol interceptor engine and body parts. It was not possible to view unit and no Arco drainage within the entrance / the inside of a building which covered about half exit ramps. It is possible that the surface water of the compound. There was no impermeable run-off from the petrol station entered the cover to the ground surface, so mobile con- drainage servicing the whole estate and that a taminants could migrate directly into the series of interceptors or even possibly a primary sub-surface. The surface was clearly stained by treatment unit exists elsewhere in the estate. oils and lubricants.

A soil sample was recovered and the surface geology confirmed as a compact, medium to coarse-grained sand with some gravel. The soil became very dense after a depth of 0.1m, apparently limiting the migration of contaminants

Sample 23/SS/C It should be noted that immediately outside this compound a drain cover was lifted and inspected to assess the presence of contaminants, in particular hydrocarbons. The results from the PID confirmed that hydrocarbon vapours were not present above the background concentration of 17.2ppm. A petrol station located on the southeastern corner of Erez

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Map 27. Erez Industrial Estate before disengagement ± 34°32'10"E 34°32'24"E 31°33'36"N 31°33'36"N

0100 200 m 34°32'10"E 34°32'24"E

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Results health. However, it is recommended that these The contaminants listed in table 14 exceeded their risks not be taken in isolation and that Erez itself respective soil threshold values. be viewed as a single risk source and that measures be taken to control the current and future The overall levels of contamination in the samples operations of the site. Further detailed cha- recovered from Erez reflected the observations racterization of the extent of contamination and on site. In isolation, each of these represents risk assessment should be undertaken prior to specific risks to both the environment and human initiating clean-up.

Table 14. Erez Industrial Estate – Soil contaminants Contaminant Location Screening Soil threshold value mg/kg Concentration Standard (screening criteria) (mg/kg) ZAhinc D0utc 375 36 DAhRO D0utc 51,00 28,11 ZChinc D0utc 315 89 CChopper D6utc 971,25 CCAadmium C16LE PChCBs D1utc 1. 4 DChRO D0utc 59,00 25,30 DDhRO D0utc 54,00 24,24

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Map 28. Erez Industrial Estate after disengagement ± 34°32'10"E 34°32'24"E 31°33'36"N 31°33'36"N

Demolished Areas 34°32'10"E 0100 200 34°32'24"E m

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations.

Water Sampling locations Two boreholes were identified during the field visit, but these were completely destroyed and so could not be sampled. Three samples of wastewater were taken.

Location C (23WW1) Two diesel storage tanks were seen inside the industrial area and leakage was noted inside the cemented isolation structure. A water sample was collected from the cemented tank.

Location D (23WW2) This was an unknown factory inside which were two sub-surface storage tanks, full of stagnant water. These storage tanks were 7m long, 4m wide and 1m deep and appeared to be of good integrity (i.e. not leaking). The water sample was taken from Spilled oil inside cemented isolation structure the polluted water based on visual analysis.

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Location E (23WW3) A sample of product was recovered from the petrol station.

Results The waste water samples showed the presence of hydrocarbons and coliforms.

Taking a water sample from an industrial unit in Erez

Asbestos

Sample number: / Date sampled: 16/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Asbestos cement was used in the construction of many building in the Erez Industrial Estate. Some of the asbestos cement roofs were still in good condition.

Sample number: Erez/asb/001 Date sampled: 16/12/05 Analysis result: Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: 31 33 23-37 N 34 32 13-48 E Notes: In a number of locations the asbestos sheets had been dropped on the floors of the buildings.

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Sample number: / Date sampled: 16/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Damaged asbestos cement sheets were still fixed to some of the buildings.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 16/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: Large stockpiles of asbestos cement were noted in one location.

Sample number: / Date sampled: 16/12/05 Analysis result: Assumed Chrysotile (white asbestos) Location: GPS not available Notes: A significant amount of asbestos cement had been stored in this industrial unit.

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Hazardous waste sites lacked concrete flooring, it was found that relatively low permeability soil had formed a As discussed on pages 112 to 114, numerous vertical migration barrier, such as within the locations within the Erez Industrial Estate gave rise vehicle workshop and breaker yard. to concern with respect to hazardous waste. They Consequently, contamination of the soil by included the power generation plant, light industry, pollutants such as hydrocarbons was very car repair and breaking, and petrol retail facilities. shallow and is currently localized.

However, with the exception of the power In a number of locations throughout the generation plant that had been largely destroyed, industrial site, a small number of drums with the majority of the industrial locations remained unidentified contents were found. There was in good condition and posed little immediate also evidence of localized spillage in the threat to the environment or groundwater, immediate vicinity of the drums. It is thanks to the presence of concrete flooring. recommended that the drums be removed and This was generally found to be in good clean-up of spilled materials and soil be condition and would limit the migration of any undertaken prior to restarting commercial pollutants into surface or groundwater. Where activities within the Erez Industrial Estate.

UNEP assessment team arriving at the Erez Industrial Estate site

118 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – EREZ INDUSTRIAL ESTATE

Abandoned Erez Industrial Estate complex

Recommendations for follow-up action 4. Clean-up of the soil can be undertaken after the site is further assessed to determine the 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to extent of the contamination. Risk assessment verify if asbestos debris is present prior to and identification of a clean-up standard the handling of the demolition debris. based on the chosen end use of the area should be conducted. 2. Existing buildings should be thoroughly inspected for the presence of asbestos and 5. The various sources of wastewater identified their condition prior to their rehabilitation. need to be treated and disposed of. 3. The area would benefit from a short-term 6. In the longer term, a proper environmental clean-up of the contaminated sites, including management plan should be developed for the cleaning and proper disposal of spilled oil and area. This should include facilities for common contaminated soil. effluent treatment, emergency response to oil / chemical spill control, and thestorage and treatment of hazardous materials.

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Coastal areas (Sites 13 and 22) of the coastal vegetation was clearly noticeable. Also, there appeared to be sand mining on the Gaza beaches, Kfar Yam, Tel Katifa coastal dunes in many places. To protect against wave erosion, a sea-wall has been constructed by Although the entire coastal strip between the border depositing boulders along the upper beach. with Egypt and Tel Katifa was under Israeli control, no settlements were located immediately on the The demolition of the houses in Kfar Yam, Tel beach. However, in certain places, restaurants and Katifa, “Gaza Beaches” and to some extent in resorts had been built on the beach dunes (Kfar Netsarim, has further contributed to the Yam, “Gaza Beaches”, Tel Katifa). North of Tel destruction of the sensitive dunes and is likely to Katifa, the settlement of Netsarim had been add to erosion problems. established very close to the coast, although most of the housing was located further inland. Recommendations for follow-up action All the beaches and coastal areas of Gaza have 1. Final inspection should be undertaken to been affected by human activities to some extent. verify if asbestos debris is present prior to In general, most parts of the coastline south of the handling of the demolition debris. Tel Katifa were still in relatively good condition. However, in places where houses and other 2. The entire coastal area of the Gaza Strip facilities had been established on the sand dunes would benefit from integrated coastal between the coastal road and the sea, degradation resources management.

Rubble at Gaza Beaches site

120 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • STUDY RESULTS – COASTAL AREAS

Fishing boats on the beach near Tel Katifa

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Sunset on Gaza beach. In addition to specific follow-up work in the disengaged settlements, UNEP recommends an integrated coastal management plan for the Gaza Strip.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

The Erez Industrial Estate showed some additional Conclusions and areas of contamination by hydrocarbons and other follow-up actions chemicals. A further assessment is required prior to initiation of clean-up, in order to delineate the extent of the contamination and degree of clean- The following general conclusions may be drawn up required. Erez also presented additional issues based on the studies undertaken. In the interest relating to asbestos. All buildings should therefore of clarity and accountability, these have been be comprehensively inspected and sampled for the divided into conclusions relating directly to the presence of asbestos materials prior to repairs or disengagement process, and those that are longer refurbishments. term in nature and, as such, not directly related to the disengagement process. Once the contaminated areas have been delineated and asbestos debris cleaned up, the Conclusions and follow-up Erez Industrial Estate could be re-occupied for actions directly related to the industrial development. Clean-up of the contaminated soil itself is expected to be a longer disengagement term task. In this context, it is further recommended that the contaminated soil On the whole, the Israeli residential settlements collected from the various residential settlements in Gaza have remained in an environmentally be stored in a secured area and treated along with acceptable condition. A brief summary of the the contaminated soil generated from the Erez observed issues follows below: Industrial Estate. • Seven settlements had localized areas of Strategic decisions need to be made about the use contamination, requiring clean-up. of the former waste disposal sites. Each site needs • In twelve settlements and in the Erez to be assessed in the context of the specific risk it Industrial Estate, fragments of asbestos debris poses, as well as the overall solid waste management were identified, requiring proper handling. strategy for the Gaza Strip. This may require additional investigations, monitoring (including all • Eight of the twenty-one settlements had underlying acquifers) and risk assessment to decide associated waste dumps/landfills, requiring on the best option for each site. land use restrictions and follow-up action. In the interim, each of the former waste disposal Recommendations have been given in the various sites should be mapped and the details sections for clean-up and follow-up actions. incorporated in land use maps to restrict building or agricultural activities in the area. The removal and disposal of rubble remains a major activity to be undertaken prior to Analyses of groundwater quality did not show resettlement in the area. A memorandum of contamination above screening levels used. However, understanding has been signed between the in some instances (when traces of hydrocarbon were Government of Israel and UNDP to carry out observed in the samples) recommendations have this task. During this project (to remove and been made for repeat sampling. dispose of rubble), issues associated with asbestos need to be handled carefully, so as not to expose Follow-up actions not directly workers to unnecessary harm. related to disengagement Subject to the implementation of the above A number of waste management issues result recommendations, there are no environmental from the disengagement process. These include constraints to Palestinian settlement in the area. the disposal of the asbestos debris, handing of

124 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • CONCLUSIONS AND FOLLOW-UP ACTIONS

The removal and disposal of rubble remains a major activity to be undertaken prior to resettlement; issues associated with asbestos need to be handled carefully so as not to expose workers to unnecessary harm

contaminated soil, and future plans for a number UNEP is currently preparing an environmental of landfills. In order to ensure that im- information system integrating all the information provements in the waste management sector are collected during this assignment, including appropriate, affordable and sustainable, a Waste satellite image maps. This will be made available Management Strategy for the Gaza Strip should to the Palestinian Authority, various UN agencies, be developed. donors and other interested organizations. Coastal zone management should be carried out in an integrated manner throughout the Gaza Strip, covering areas of coastal construction, effluent disposal areas and dune disturbances. The information collected during the exercise could be used to develop land use planning maps and to make resource allocation decisions. A monitoring system for groundwater in the Gaza Strip, including the wells in the disengaged areas, should be established.

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Appendices ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Appendix I List of acronyms, abbreviations and units

EQA Environment Quality Authority UNEP United Nations Environment Programme PA Palestinian Authority UK United Kingdom CFC Chlorofluorocarbon MMMF man made mineral fibres UKAS United Kingdom Accreditation Service PID photo ionisation detector ppm parts per million eV/uV Ultraviolet (lamp strength for the PID) ISO International Organization for Standardization MCERTS Monitoring Certification Scheme CLEA Contaminated Land Exposure Assessment m3 metres cubed (volume) m2 metres squared (area) m metres (measurement) SS soil sample Mg/kg milligrams per kilogramme PCB polychlorinated bi-phenyls VOC Volatile Organic Compound GW groundwater DO dissolved oxygen °F degrees farenheit psi pounds per square inch ug/L micro-grammes per litre uS/cm micro-siemens per cm mV millivolts na not applicable ml millilitres DRO diesel range organics PRO petroleum range organics Mbgl metres below ground level FAO Food and Agriculture Organization ICP MS Induction Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry CVAAS Cold-Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy HPLC High Performance Liquid Chromatography GC-FID Gas Chromatograph-Flame Ionisation Detector

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Appendix II List of references and internet sources

References

1a. Desk Study on the Environment in the Occupied Palestinian Territories, UNEP (2003) 1. Environmental Survey in the Gaza Strip – Status Report (from Ministry of Defence, State of Israel), 11 September 2005 2. Results and Recommendations in Initial Environmental Audits on Former Israeli Settlements in the Gaza Strip and West Bank., Thorsten Kallnischkies, October 2005 3. European Waste Directory 4. United Kingdom Accreditation Services 5. Health and Safety Executive (UK), HSE Document MDHS 77 - “Asbestos in bulk materials” 6. MCERTS, Environment Agency certification scheme for pollution monitoring equipment 7. Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK) 2002. Assessment of risks to human health from land contamination. An overview of the development of soil guideline values and related research 8. Netherlands Government Gazette 24th February 2000, No 39 English translation. Circular on target values and intervention values for soil remediation.

Internet sources PID supplier; www.hnu.com Landfill gas analyser; www.geotech.co.uk Troll water analysers; www.geotech.co.uk Soil sampling kit; www.techtrend.com.hk/agricultural/eijelkamp Heron interface meter; www.heroninstruments.com Disposable bailers; www.geotech.co.uk UKAS 2005. United Kingdom Accreditation Service; http://www.ukas.com/ UK 2005. MCERTS monitoring quality certification scheme; http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/business/444217/444661/444671/466158/131167/?version=1 Netherlands Government Gazette 24th February 2000, No 39 English translation. Circular on target values and intervention values for soil remediation. http://www2.minvrom.nl/Docs/internationaal/S_I2000.pdf Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (UK) 2002. Assessment of risks to human health from land contamination. An overview of the development of soil guideline values and related research. http://www.environment-agency.gov.uk/subjects/landquality/113813/672771/675330/?version=1&lang=_e US EPA PCB characteristics http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/pcb/ HSE UK . Asbestos background information. http://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/ UK health and safety executive http://www.hse.gov.uk/

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Appendix III Laboratory results

ALcontrol Geochem Analytical Services #dISO 17025 accredite Table of Results M MCERTS accredited Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix: SOLID * Subcontracted test Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA » Shown on prev. report

Sample 1/ASB/ EREZ/ 2/ASB/ 2/ASB/ 2/ASB/ 3/ASB/ 1/SS/BC 2/SS/AC 2/SS/BC Identity 001 ASB/001 001 002 003 001 Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS SOIL ASBESTOS ASBESTOS ASBESTOS ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 1 2 Sample 32 1 33 34 35 36 2 3 68 Number(s) A-6rsenic 1 ----11<-TgM129# M<1 mg/k B-0arium 24 ----76 57-TgM129# M<2 mg/k B-1eryllium <----<1 1<-TgM129# M<1 mg/k C-1admium <----21<-TgM129# M<1 mg/k C-8hromium 8 ----28 21-TgM129# M<1 mg/k C-8opper 61 ----70 21-TgM129# M<1 mg/k L-5ead 15 ----67- 4 TgM129# M<1 mg/k M-1ercury <----<1 1<-TgM129 #<1 mg/k Molybdenum -3----51<-TgM129# M<1 mg/k N-1ickel 2----16- 0 TgM129# M<1 mg/k S-3elenium < ----<3 3<-TgM129# M<3 mg/k Z-0inc 90 ----1204 24-TgM129# M<1 mg/k Hexavalent -30. ------TgM151 #<0.3 mg/k Chromium Phenols Total <0.01 -5<0.0 ----15.5 1<-0.0 TM062 # Monohydric mg/kg T-1otal Cyanide <----<1 1<-TgM153# M<1 mg/k Ammoniacal ------TgM024# M<5.5 mg/k Nitrogen as N Chloride 2:1soil ------TlM097 #<0.001 g/ / water extract BRE Exchangeable Ammonium as -385. ----100. 02-8. TgM024# M<5.5 mg/k NH4 Miscellaneous ------Analysis* Nitrate 2:1 soil ------TlM102 #<0.0003 g/ / water extract BRE <1.00 pH p-3H Value 7.8 ----70.1 28-.2 TM133# M Units Amosite (Brown) See See See See See See - -- SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Chrysotile (White) See See See See See See - -- SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Crocidolite (Blue) See See See See See See - -- SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Man-made Mineral See See See See See See - -- SEUB NON Fibre* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached See See See See See See Organic Fibre* - -- SEUB NON Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached EPH (DRO) -080 ----84788 81-028 TgM061# M<1 mg/k (C10-C40) M-3ineral Oil 43 ----49523 47-03 TgM061 #<1 mg/k E-9PH C10-16 2 ----26472 73-09 TgM061 #<1 mg/k E-9PH >C16-24 27 ----55637 16-42 TgM061 #<1 mg/k E-2PH >C24-40 49 ----6479 07-6 TgM061 #<1 mg/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

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Sample 1/ASB/ EREZ/ 2/ASB/ 2/ASB/ 2/ASB/ 3/ASB/ 1/SS/BC 2/SS/AC 2/SS/BC Identity 001 ASB/001 001 002 003 001 Depth (m)

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Sample 1/ASB/ EREZ/ 2/ASB/ 2/ASB/ 2/ASB/ 3/ASB/ 1/SS/BC 2/SS/AC 2/SS/BC Identity 001 ASB/001 001 002 003 001 Depth (m)

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Sample 1/ASB/ EREZ/ 2/ASB/ 2/ASB/ 2/ASB/ 3/ASB/ 1/SS/BC 2/SS/AC 2/SS/BC Identity 001 ASB/001 001 002 003 001 Depth (m)

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Sample 3/HAZ 5/ASB/ 6/ASB/ 7/HAZ 8/ASB/ 3/SS/AC 5/SS/AC 7/SS/AC 8/SS/AA Identity WASTE 001 001 WASTE 001 Depth (m)

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Sample 3/HAZ 5/ASB/ 6/ASB/ 7/HAZ 8/ASB/ 3/SS/AC 5/SS/AC 7/SS/AC 8/SS/AA Identity WASTE 001 001 WASTE 001 Depth (m)

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Sample 3/HAZ 5/ASB/ 6/ASB/ 7/HAZ 8/ASB/ 3/SS/AC 5/SS/AC 7/SS/AC 8/SS/AA Identity WASTE 001 001 WASTE 001 Depth (m)

Sample Type SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS SOIL ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS SOIL Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 Sample 5 4 37 6 38 8 7 39 40 Number(s) PAH by GCMS N-3aphthalene 1-31--41--TgM074 #<10 ug/k A-5cenaphthylene <-5<--5<--TgM074# M<5 ug/k A-4cenaphthene <-41 <--41 <--1 TgM074# M<14 ug/k F-2luorene <-21 <--21 <--1 TgM074# M<12 ug/k P-8henanthrene 3-49--<--2 1 TgM074# M<21 ug/k A-9nthracene <-9<--9<--TgM074# M<9 ug/k F-5luoranthene <-72 5--<--2 5 TgM074# M<25 ug/k P-3yrene 2-04--<--2 2 TgM074# M<22 ug/k B-8enz(a)anthracene 2-82--12--TgM074# M<12 ug/k C-5hrysene 1-53--52--TgM074# M<10 ug/k Benzo(b) -6<-61 <--61 <--1 TgM074# M<16 ug/k fluoranthene Benzo(k) -5<-52 <--52 <--2 TgM074# M<25 ug/k fluoranthene B-3enzo(a)pyrene 2-61--<--1 2 TgM074# M<12 ug/k Indeno(123cd) -61-31--<--1 1 TgM074# M<11 ug/k pyrene Dibenzo(ah) -81-8<--8<--TgM074# M<8 ug/k anthracene Benzo(ghi) -41-71--<--1 0 TgM074# M<10 ug/k perylene PAH 16 Total - 188 - 313 - - 60 - - TM074# <25 ug/kg All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

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Sample 3/HAZ 5/ASB/ 6/ASB/ 7/HAZ 8/ASB/ 3/SS/AC 5/SS/AC 7/SS/AC 8/SS/AA Identity WASTE 001 001 WASTE 001 Depth (m)

Sample Type SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS SOIL ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS SOIL Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 Sample 5 4 37 6 38 8 7 39 40 Number(s) OCP T1ecnazene <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k T1rifluralin <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k Alpha-BHC <------1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Hexachloro- <------1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k benzene Beta-BHC <------1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Gamma-BHC <------1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Quintozene <------1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (PCNB) T1riallate <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k C1hlorothalonil <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k H1eptachlor <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k A1ldrin <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k T1riadimefon <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k T1elodrin <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k I1sodrin <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k P1endimethalin <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k Heptachlor <------1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Epoxide t1rans-Chlordane <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k o1,p'-DDE <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k E1ndosulphan I <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k c1is-Chlordane <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k p1,p'-DDE <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k D1ieldrin <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k p1,p'-TDE(DDD) <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k E1ndrin <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k E1ndosulphan II <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k o1,p'-TDE(DDD) <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k o1,p'-DDT <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k p1,p'-DDT <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k Endosulphan <------1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k sulphate o1,p'-Methoxychlor <------TgM14 4<1 ug/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

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Sample 3/HAZ 5/ASB/ 6/ASB/ 7/HAZ 8/ASB/ 3/SS/AC 5/SS/AC 7/SS/AC 8/SS/AA Identity WASTE 001 001 WASTE 001 Depth (m)

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Sample 9/ASB/ 9/HAZ- 10/ASB/ 10/ASB/ 11/ASB/ 9/SS/AA 9/SS/BA 9/SS/CA 10/SS/AA Identity 001 WASTE 001 002 001 Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS ASBESTOS SOIL ASBESTOS

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 41 42 31 62 43 44 45 46 47 Number(s) A-1rsenic <1<1<4--<- 1 TgM129# M<1 mg/k B-4arium 7441387--43-TgM129# M<2 mg/k B-1eryllium <1<1<1<--<- 1 TgM129# M<1 mg/k C-1admium <1<1<1<--<- 1 TgM129# M<1 mg/k C-7hromium 182763--4-TgM129# M<1 mg/k C-6opper 21231--6-5 6 TgM129# M<1 mg/k L-1ead <522--2-TgM129# M<1 mg/k M-1ercury <1<1<1<--<- 1 TgM129 #<1 mg/k M-11olybdenum 71<1--<- 1 TgM129# M<1 mg/k N-56ickel 145 19--2-TgM129# M<1 mg/k S-3elenium <3<3<3<--3<-TgM129# M<3 mg/k Z-7inc 3685758--2-0 1 TgM129# M<1 mg/k Hexavalent --1-. 1 <0. 3 ----TgM151 #<0.3 mg/k Chromium Phenols Total <0.01 ------TM062 # Monohydric mg/kg T-1otal Cyanide <1<1<1<--<- 1 TgM153# M<1 mg/k Ammoniacal -910. ------TgM024# M<5.5 mg/k Nitrogen as N Chloride 2:1soil --0.05 6 ------TlM097 #<0.001 g/ / water extract BRE Exchangeable ------TgM024# M<5.5 mg/k Ammonium as NH4 Miscellaneous ------Analysis* Nitrate 2:1 soil --0.002 2 ------TlM102 #<0.0003 g/ / water extract BRE <1.00 pH p-2H Value 78.8 37.6 70.7 1--60.4 8-.0 TM133# M Units Amosite (Brown) See See See See ---- - SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Chrysotile (White) See See See See ---- - SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Crocidolite (Blue) See See See See ---- - SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Man-made Mineral See See See See ---- - SEUB NON Fibre* Attached Attached Attached Attached See See See See Organic Fibre* ---- - SEUB NON Attached Attached Attached Attached EPH (DRO) --66 519233 9--48 9-6 TgM061# M<1 mg/k (C10-C40) Mineral Oil ------TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH C10-16 ------TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH >C16-24 ------TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH >C24-40 ------TgM061 #<1 mg/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

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Sample 9/ASB/ 9/HAZ- 10/ASB/ 10/ASB/ 11/ASB/ 9/SS/AA 9/SS/BA 9/SS/CA 10/SS/AA Identity 001 WASTE 001 002 001 Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS ASBESTOS SOIL ASBESTOS

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 41 42 31 62 43 44 45 46 47 Number(s) GRO (C4-C10) ------<-1 0 TgM089# M<10 ug/k GRO (C10-C12) ------<-1 0 TgM089# M<10 ug/k Benzene ------<-1 0 TgM089# M<10 ug/k Toluene ------<-1 0 TgM089# M<10 ug/k Ethyl benzene ------<-1 0 TgM089# M<10 ug/k m& p Xylene ------<-1 0 TgM089# M<10 ug/k oXylene ------<-1 0 TgM089# M<10 ug/k MTBE ------<-1 0 TgM089 #<10 ug/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

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Sample 9/ASB/ 9/HAZ- 10/ASB/ 10/ASB/ 11/ASB/ 9/SS/AA 9/SS/BA 9/SS/CA 10/SS/AA Identity 001 WASTE 001 002 001 Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS ASBESTOS SOIL ASBESTOS

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 41 42 31 62 43 44 45 46 47 Number(s) OCP Tecnazene ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Trifluralin ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Alpha-BHC ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Hexachloro- ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k benzene Beta-BHC ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Gamma-BHC ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Quintozene ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (PCNB) Triallate ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Chlorothalonil ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Heptachlor ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Aldrin ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Triadimefon ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Telodrin ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Isodrin ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Pendimethalin ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Heptachlor ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Epoxide trans-Chlordane ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k o,p'-DDE ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Endosulphan I ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k cis-Chlordane ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k p,p'-DDE ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Dieldrin ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k p,p'-TDE(DDD) ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Endrin ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Endosulphan II ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k o,p'-TDE(DDD) ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k o,p'-DDT ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k p,p'-DDT ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Endosulphan ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k sulphate o,p'-Methoxychlor ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

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Sample 9/ASB/ 9/HAZ- 10/ASB/ 10/ASB/ 11/ASB/ 9/SS/AA 9/SS/BA 9/SS/CA 10/SS/AA Identity 001 WASTE 001 002 001 Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS ASBESTOS SOIL ASBESTOS

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 41 42 31 62 43 44 45 46 47 Number(s) OCP (cont.) p,p'-Methoxychlor ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Permethrin I ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Permethrin II ----<---- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

142 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 9/ASB/ 9/HAZ- 10/ASB/ 10/ASB/ 11/ASB/ 9/SS/AA 9/SS/BA 9/SS/CA 10/SS/AA Identity 001 WASTE 001 002 001 Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS ASBESTOS SOIL ASBESTOS

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 41 42 31 62 43 44 45 46 47 Number(s) See 2--,3,7,8 TCDD ------ng/k g Attached See 1--,2,3,7,8 PeCDD ------ng/k g Attached See 1--,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDD ------pg/g fa t Attached See 1--,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDD ------ng/k g Attached See 1--,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDD ------ng/k g Attached 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 See ------ng/k g HpCDD Attached See O--CDD ------ng/k g Attached See 2--,3,7,8, TCDF ------ng/k g Attached See 1--,2,3,7,8 PeCDF ------ng/k g Attached See 2--,3,4,7,8 PeCDF ------ng/k g Attached See 1--,2,3,4,7,8 HxCDF ------ng/k g Attached See 1--,2,3,6,7,8 HxCDF ------ng/k g Attached See 1--,2,3,7,8,9 HxCDF ------ng/k g Attached See 2--,3,4,6,7,8 HxCDF ------ng/k g Attached 1,2,3,4,6,7,8 See ------ng/k g HpCDF Attached 1,2,3,4,7,8,9 See ------ng/k g HpCDF Attached See O--CDF ------ng/k g Attached TCDD I-TEQ See ------ng/k g Lower Bound Attached TCDD I-TEQ See ------ng/k g Upper Bound Attached All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 143 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 12/ASB/ 14/ASB/ 14/LFILL/ 14/LFILL/ 14/LFILL/ 15/ASB/ 15/ASB/ 15/ASB/ 15/ASB/ Identity 001 001 AA BA CA 001 002 003 004 Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS ASBESTOS ASBESTOS ASBESTOS

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 48 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Number(s) A--Prsenic ND 22----TgM129# M<1 mg/k B--Parium N1D 434 ----TgM129# M<2 mg/k B--Peryllium N1D <1<----TgM129# M<1 mg/k C--Padmium N1D <1<----TgM129# M<1 mg/k C--Phromium N1D 101 ----TgM129# M<1 mg/k C--Popper N6D 131 ----TgM129# M<1 mg/k L--Pead ND 24----TgM129# M<1 mg/k M--Percury N1D <1<----TgM129 #<1 mg/k M--Polybdenum N1D <1<----TgM129# M<1 mg/k N--Pickel ND 45----TgM129# M<1 mg/k S--Pelenium N3D <3< ----TgM129# M<3 mg/k Z--Pinc N6D 766 ----TgM129# M<1 mg/k Hexavalent ------TgM151 #<0.3 mg/k Chromium Phenols Total <0.01 ------TM062 # Monohydric mg/kg T--Potal Cyanide N1D <1<----TgM153# M<1 mg/k Ammoniacal --N3D P1725. 145. ----TgM024# M<5.5 mg/k Nitrogen as N Chloride 2:1soil ------TlM097 #<0.001 g/ / water extract BRE Exchangeable ------TgM024# M<5.5 mg/k Ammonium as NH4 Miscellaneous See See --ND P ---- Analysis* Attached Attached Nitrate 2:1 soil ------TlM102 #<0.0003 g/ / water extract BRE <1.00 pH p--PH Value N4D 92.1 9.4 ----TM133# M Units Amosite (Brown) See See See See See See --- SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Chrysotile (White) See See See See See See --- SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Crocidolite (Blue) See See See See See See --- SEUB NON Asbestos* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Man-made Mineral See See See See See See --- SEUB NON Fibre* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached See See See See See See Organic Fibre* --- SEUB NON Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached EPH (DRO) ------TgM061# M<1 mg/k (C10-C40) Mineral Oil ------TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH C10-16 ------TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH >C16-24 ------TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH >C24-40 ------TgM061 #<1 mg/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

144 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 15/ASB/ 18/ASB/ 18/SS/ 23/SS// 15/SS/AC 15/SS/BC 15/SS/CC 15/SS/DC 17/SS/AA Identity 005 001 LFILL/AA CA Depth (m)

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 145 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 15/ASB/ 18/ASB/ 18/SS/ 23/SS// 15/SS/AC 15/SS/BC 15/SS/CC 15/SS/DC 17/SS/AA Identity 005 001 LFILL/AA CA Depth (m)

146 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 15/ASB/ 18/ASB/ 18/SS/ 23/SS// 15/SS/AC 15/SS/BC 15/SS/CC 15/SS/DC 17/SS/AA Identity 005 001 LFILL/AA CA Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Sample 58 9 10 11 12 59 60 61 49 Number(s) PAH by GCMS N-8aphthalene 31983 10<51 2 ----TgM074 #<10 ug/k A-6cenaphthylene 19621 257 <96 ----TgM074# M<5 ug/k A-2cenaphthene 23652 743 <71 46 ----TgM074# M<14 ug/k F-2luorene 33332 622 <01 35 ----TgM074# M<12 ug/k P-6henanthrene 154139 1159 <92 135 ----TgM074# M<21 ug/k A-1nthracene 26110 69<322 ----TgM074# M<9 ug/k F-0luoranthene 10900 153 <82 50 ----TgM074# M<25 ug/k P-7yrene 55068 521 <82 145 ----TgM074# M<22 ug/k B-8enz(a)anthracene 14000 491642 ----TgM074# M<12 ug/k C-0hrysene 26733 101 <51 110 ----TgM074# M<10 ug/k Benzo(b) -02776 16<01 12 ----TgM074# M<16 ug/k fluoranthene Benzo(k) -21561 <52 <72 6 ----TgM074# M<25 ug/k fluoranthene B-4enzo(a)pyrene 8037 42<31 24 ----TgM074# M<12 ug/k Indeno(123cd) -3349 11<31 5 ----TgM074# M<11 ug/k pyrene Dibenzo(ah) -9874 18<89 ----TgM074# M<8 ug/k anthracene Benzo(ghi) -62536 20<91 10 ----TgM074# M<10 ug/k perylene PAH 16 Total - 401774 4225 <25 6680 - - - - TM074# <25 ug/kg All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 147 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 15/ASB/ 18/ASB/ 18/SS/ 23/SS// 15/SS/AC 15/SS/BC 15/SS/CC 15/SS/DC 17/SS/AA Identity 005 001 LFILL/AA CA Depth (m)

Sample Type ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL ASBESTOS SOIL SOIL Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 Sample 58 9 10 11 12 59 60 61 49 Number(s) OCP T-0ecnazene <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k T-0rifluralin <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Alpha-BHC -0<10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Hexachloro- -0<10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k benzene Beta-BHC -0<10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Gamma-BHC -0<10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (Lindane) Quintozene -0<10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k (PCNB) T-0riallate <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k C-0hlorothalonil <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k H-0eptachlor <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k A-0ldrin <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k T-0riadimefon <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k T-0elodrin <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k I-0sodrin <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k P-0endimethalin <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Heptachlor -0<10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Epoxide t-0rans-Chlordane <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k o-0,p'-DDE <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k E-0ndosulphan I <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k c-0is-Chlordane <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k p-0,p'-DDE <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k D-0ieldrin <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k p-0,p'-TDE(DDD) <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k E-0ndrin <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k E-0ndosulphan II <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k o-0,p'-TDE(DDD) <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k o-0,p'-DDT <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k p-0,p'-DDT <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k Endosulphan -0<10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k sulphate o-0,p'-Methoxychlor <10 -----<- 1 TgM14 4<1 ug/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

148 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 15/ASB/ 18/ASB/ 18/SS/ 23/SS// 15/SS/AC 15/SS/BC 15/SS/CC 15/SS/DC 17/SS/AA Identity 005 001 LFILL/AA CA Depth (m)

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 149 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 15/ASB/ 18/ASB/ 18/SS/ 23/SS// 15/SS/AC 15/SS/BC 15/SS/CC 15/SS/DC 17/SS/AA Identity 005 001 LFILL/AA CA Depth (m)

150 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 24/SW/ 23/SS/AA 23/SS/BA 23/SS/DA 25/SW/A Identity 3A Depth (m)

Sample Type SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 64 65 63 67 66 Number(s) A1rsenic <1-1<1< TgM129#M <1 mg/k B9arium 393-0563 TgM129#M <2 mg/k B1eryllium <1<-<1 1< TgM129#M <1 mg/k C1admium <1<-<1 1< TgM129#M <1 mg/k C3hromium 131-47TgM129# M<1 mg/k C7opper 638-1<1TgM129# M<1 mg/k L98-1ead <1< TgM129#M <1 mg/k M1ercury <1<-<1 1<#TgM129 <1 mg/k M1olybdenum <1<-<1 1< TgM129#M <1 mg/k N1ickel 351-1<2TgM129# M<1 mg/k S3elenium <3<-3<3< TgM129#M <3 mg/k Z7inc 386 1-565 TgM129# M<1 mg/k Hexavalent -----TgM151 #<0.3 mg/k Chromium Phenols Total <0.01 -----TM062 # Monohydric mg/kg T1otal Cyanide <1<-<1 1< TgM153#M <1 mg/k Ammoniacal -----TgM024# M<5.5 mg/k Nitrogen as N Chloride 2:1soil -----TlM097 #<0.001 g/ / water extract BRE Exchangeable -----TgM024# M<5.5 mg/k Ammonium as NH4 Miscellaneous See See --- Analysis* Attached Attached Nitrate 2:1 soil -----TlM102 #<0.0003 g/ / water extract BRE <1.00 pH p4H Value 80.0 74.9 7--.5 TM133# M Units Amosite (Brown) -----SEU BNON Asbestos* Chrysotile (White) -----SEU BNON Asbestos* Crocidolite (Blue) -----SEU BNON Asbestos* Man-made Mineral -----SEU BNON Fibre* Organic Fibre* -----SEU BNON EPH (DRO) 258111 148 2--424 TgM061# M<1 mg/k (C10-C40) Mineral Oil -----TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH C10-16 -----TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH >C16-24 -----TgM061 #<1 mg/k EPH >C24-40 -----TgM061 #<1 mg/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

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Sample 24/SW/ 23/SS/AA 23/SS/BA 23/SS/DA 25/SW/A Identity 3A Depth (m)

Sample Type SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 64 65 63 67 66 Number(s) G0RO (C4-C10) <01 <01 <--1 TgM089# M<10 ug/k G0RO (C10-C12) <01 <71 6--4 TgM089# M<10 ug/k B0enzene <01 <01 <--1 TgM089# M<10 ug/k T0oluene <01 <01 <--1 TgM089# M<10 ug/k E0thyl benzene <01 <01 <--1 TgM089# M<10 ug/k m0& p Xylene <01 <01 <--1 TgM089# M<10 ug/k o0Xylene <01 <01 <--1 TgM089# M<10 ug/k M0TBE <01 <01 <--1 TgM089 #<10 ug/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

152 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 24/SW/ 23/SS/AA 23/SS/BA 23/SS/DA 25/SW/A Identity 3A Depth (m)

Sample Type SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 64 65 63 67 66 Number(s) OCP Tecnazene ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Trifluralin ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Alpha-BHC ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k (Lindane) Hexachloro- ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k benzene Beta-BHC ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k (Lindane) Gamma-BHC ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k (Lindane) Quintozene ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k (PCNB) Triallate ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Chlorothalonil ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Heptachlor ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Aldrin ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Triadimefon ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Telodrin ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Isodrin ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Pendimethalin ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Heptachlor ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Epoxide trans-Chlordane ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k o,p'-DDE ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Endosulphan I ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k cis-Chlordane ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k p,p'-DDE ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Dieldrin ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k p,p'-TDE(DDD) ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Endrin ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Endosulphan II ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k o,p'-TDE(DDD) ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k o,p'-DDT ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k p,p'-DDT ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Endosulphan ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k sulphate o,p'-Methoxychlor ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

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Sample 24/SW/ 23/SS/AA 23/SS/BA 23/SS/DA 25/SW/A Identity 3A Depth (m)

Sample Type SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 64 65 63 67 66 Number(s) OCP (cont.) p,p'-Methoxychlor ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Permethrin I ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k Permethrin II ---<1 1<4TgM14 <1 ug/k All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

154 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 24/SW/ 23/SS/AA 23/SS/BA 23/SS/DA 25/SW/A Identity 3A Depth (m)

Sample Type SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL SOIL

Sampled Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 64 65 63 67 66 Number(s) PCBs <020 <2 ---TgM070# M<20 ug/k (vs Aroclor 1254) All results expressed on a dry weight basis.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 155 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

ALcontrol Geochem Analytical Services #dISO 17025 accredite Table of Results M MCERTS accredited Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix: LIQUID * Subcontracted test Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA » Shown on prev. report

Sample SOIL WATER 2GW1 2GW2 4GW1 7WW1 8GW1 8GW2 8GW3 Identity TRIP/A TRIP Depth (m)

156 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample SOIL WATER 2GW1 2GW2 4GW1 7WW1 8GW1 8GW2 8GW3 Identity TRIP/A TRIP Depth (m)

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 157 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample SOIL WATER 2GW1 2GW2 4GW1 7WW1 8GW1 8GW2 8GW3 Identity TRIP/A TRIP Depth (m)

158 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample SOIL WATER 2GW1 2GW2 4GW1 7WW1 8GW1 8GW2 8GW3 Identity TRIP/A TRIP Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 Sample 86 87 88-89 90-91 92-93 94 95-96 13-14 15-16 Number(s) OCP T--0ecnazene <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T--0rifluralin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Alpha-BHC --<01 0<01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Hexachloro- --<01 0<01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ benzene Beta-BHC --<01 0<01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Gamma-BHC --<01 0<01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Quintozene --<01 0<01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (PCNB) T--0riallate <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ C--0hlorothalonil <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ H--0eptachlor <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ A--0ldrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T--0riadimefon <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T--0elodrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ I--0sodrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ P--0endimethalin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Heptachlor --<01 0<01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Epoxide t--0rans-Chlordane <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o--0,p'-DDE <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E--0ndosulphan I <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ c--0is-Chlordane <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p--0,p'-DDE <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ D--0ieldrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p--0,p'-TDE (DDD) <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E--0ndrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E--0ndosulphan II <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o--0,p'-TDE (DDD) <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o--0,p'-DDT <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p--0,p'-DDT <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Endosulphan --<01 0<01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ sulphate o--0,p'-Methoxychlor <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/

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Sample SOIL WATER 2GW1 2GW2 4GW1 7WW1 8GW1 8GW2 8GW3 Identity TRIP/A TRIP Depth (m)

160 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample SOIL WATER 2GW1 2GW2 4GW1 7WW1 8GW1 8GW2 8GW3 Identity TRIP/A TRIP Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 Sample 86 87 88-89 90-91 92-93 94 95-96 13-14 15-16 Number(s) Volatile Organic Compounds Dichlorodifluoro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ methane C1hloromethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ V1inyl Chloride <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ B1romomethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ C1hloroethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ Trichlorofluoro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ methane trans-1-2-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ ethene D1ichloromethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ C1arbon Disulphide <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 11.1-Dichloroethene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 11.1-Dichloroethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ Methyl Tertiary <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ Butyl Ether cis-1-2-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ ethene Bromochloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ methane C1hloroform <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 2.2-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ propane 11.2-Dichloroethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.1.1-Trichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ ethane 1.1-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ propene B1enzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ Carbontetra- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ chloride D1ibromomethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.2-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ propane Bromodichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ methane T1richloroethene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ cis-1-3-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ propene trans-1-3-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ propene 1.1.2-Trichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ ethane T1oluene <1<1<1<1<11<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.3-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ propane

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 161 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample SOIL WATER 2GW1 2GW2 4GW1 7WW1 8GW1 8GW2 8GW3 Identity TRIP/A TRIP Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 Received Batch 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 Sample 86 87 88-89 90-91 92-93 94 95-96 13-14 15-16 Number(s) Volatile Organic Compounds (cont.) Dibromochloromet- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ hane 11.2-Dibromoethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ T1etrachloroethene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.1.1.2-Tetrachloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ ethane C1hlorobenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ E1thylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ p1/m-Xylene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ B1romoform <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ S1tyrene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ ethane o1-Xylene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.2.3-Trichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ propane I1sopropylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ B1romobenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 21-Chlorotoluene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ P1ropylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 41-Chlorotoluene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.2.4-Trimethyl- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ benzene 41-Isopropyltoluene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.3.5-Trimethyl- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ benzene 1.2-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ benzene 1.4-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ benzene s1ec-Butylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ t1ert-Butylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.3-Dichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ benzene n1-Butylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.2-Dibromo-3- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ chloropropane 1.2.4-Trichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ benzene N1aphthalene <1<1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.2.3-Trichloro- <11 <1<1<1<1<1<--TlM116 #<1 ug/ benzene

162 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample SOIL WATER 2GW1 2GW2 4GW1 7WW1 8GW1 8GW2 8GW3 Identity TRIP/A TRIP Depth (m)

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 163 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 8GW4 8SW1 10GW1 10GW2 10GW3 10GW4 11GW1 12GW1 12GW2 Identity Depth (m)

164 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 8GW4 8SW1 10GW1 10GW2 10GW3 10GW4 11GW1 12GW1 12GW2 Identity Depth (m)

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 165 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 8GW4 8SW1 10GW1 10GW2 10GW3 10GW4 11GW1 12GW1 12GW2 Identity Depth (m)

166 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 8GW4 8SW1 10GW1 10GW2 10GW3 10GW4 11GW1 12GW1 12GW2 Identity Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 Sample 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-24 25-26 27-28 97-98 99-100 101-102 Number(s) OCP T0ecnazene <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T0rifluralin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Alpha-BHC <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Hexachloro- <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ benzene Beta-BHC <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Gamma-BHC <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Quintozene <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (PCNB) T0riallate <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ C0hlorothalonil <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ H0eptachlor <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ A0ldrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T0riadimefon <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T0elodrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ I0sodrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ P0endimethalin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Heptachlor <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Epoxide t0rans-Chlordane <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o0,p'-DDE <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E0ndosulphan I <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ c0is-Chlordane <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p0,p'-DDE <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ D0ieldrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p0,p'-TDE (DDD) <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E0ndrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E0ndosulphan II <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o0,p'-TDE (DDD) <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o0,p'-DDT <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p0,p'-DDT <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Endosulphan <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ sulphate o0,p'-Methoxychlor <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 167 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 8GW4 8SW1 10GW1 10GW2 10GW3 10GW4 11GW1 12GW1 12GW2 Identity Depth (m)

168 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 8GW4 8SW1 10GW1 10GW2 10GW3 10GW4 11GW1 12GW1 12GW2 Identity Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 Sample 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-24 25-26 27-28 97-98 99-100 101-102 Number(s) Volatile Organic Compounds Dichlorodifluorom------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane Chloromethane ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Vinyl Chloride ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Bromomethane ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Chloroethane ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Trichlorofluoro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ methane trans-1-2-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethene Dichloromethane ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Carbon Disulphide ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.1-Dichloroethene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.1-Dichloroethane ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Methyl Tertiary ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Butyl Ether cis-1-2-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethene Bromochloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ methane Chloroform ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 2.2-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propane 1.2-Dichloroethane ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.1.1-Trichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane 1.1-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propene Benzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Carbontetra------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ chloride Dibromomethane ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propane Bromodichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ methane Trichloroethene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ cis-1-3-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propene trans-1-3-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propene 1.1.2-Trichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane Toluene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.3-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propane

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 169 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 8GW4 8SW1 10GW1 10GW2 10GW3 10GW4 11GW1 12GW1 12GW2 Identity Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 14.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 Sample 17-18 19-20 21-22 23-24 25-26 27-28 97-98 99-100 101-102 Number(s) Volatile Organic Compounds (cont.) Dibromochloromet------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ hane 1.2-Dibromoethane ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Tetrachloroethene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.1.1.2-Tetrachloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane Chlorobenzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Ethylbenzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ p/m-Xylene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Bromoform ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Styrene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane o-Xylene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2.3-Trichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propane Isopropylbenzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Bromobenzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 2-Chlorotoluene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Propylbenzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 4-Chlorotoluene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2.4-Trimethyl------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene 4-Isopropyltoluene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.3.5-Trimethyl------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene 1.2-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene 1.4-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene sec-Butylbenzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ tert-Butylbenzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.3-Dichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene n-Butylbenzene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2-Dibromo-3------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ chloropropane 1.2.4-Trichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene Naphthalene ------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2.3-Trichloro------<1 1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene

170 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 8GW4 8SW1 10GW1 10GW2 10GW3 10GW4 11GW1 12GW1 12GW2 Identity Depth (m)

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 171 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 15GW1 15GW2 18GW1 18GW2 23GW1 23STP1 23WW1 23WW2 23WW3 Identity Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 12.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 78,111-1- 29-30 103-104 105-106 107-108 109-110 113-114 115 116-117 Number(s) 12 Arsenic Dissolved 22<1 1<11<1123TlM152 #<1 ug/ (ICP-MS) Barium Dissolved 2593 864 285 1541 505 132 124 241#3 TlM152 <1 ug/ (ICP-MS) Beryllium Dissolved <11 <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM152 <1 ug/ (ICP-MS) Cadmium <40.4 <40. <40. <40. <40. <10. 14. <40. <#0. TlM152 <0.4 ug/ Dissolved (ICP-MS) Calcium Dissolved 203990 30339 70709 105990 100950 70405 201070 90147 6#263 TlM152 <5 ug/ (ICP-MS) Chromium 403 281325151823211#TlM152 <1 ug/ Dissolved (ICP-MS) Copper Dissolved 142622616 1 TlM152 #<1 ug/ (ICP-MS) Lead Dissolved <1 51111631# 3TlM152 <1 ug/ (ICP-MS) Magnesium 201110 20293 50810 60625 50644 50014 186660 8006 3#281 TlM152 <5 ug/ Dissolved (ICP-MS) Molybdenum 624<1 1<1<4<6 1 TlM152 #<1 ug/ Dissolved (ICP-MS) Nickel Dissolved 329775447 4 TlM152 #<1 ug/ (ICP-MS) Selenium Dissolved 11<1<1<1<1<131<5TlM152 #<1 ug/ (ICP-MS) Zinc Dissolved 159 2820202815787 208 8#TlM152 <3 ug/ (ICP-MS) Mercury Dissolved <50.05 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <#0.0 TlM127 <0.05 ug/ (CVAA) Carbonate Alkalinity 300 2062<2<06010703#TlM043 <2 mg/ as CaCO3 Bicarbonate 1035 106 203 350 355 405 205 205 1#2 TlM043 <2 mg/ Alkalinity as CaCO3 B11OD <1<1<216 69112TlM045 #<1 mg/ C0OD 30<01 <01 <01 1065755 157 1#2 TlM107 <10 mg/ Potassium 26.1 20. 33. 27. 58. 300. 636. 246. 7#. TlM083 <0.2 mg/ Dissolved S5odium Dissolved 756. 654. 1587. 931. 1361. 2306. 2536. 400. 2#4. TlM083 <0.2 mg/ N9itrate as NO3 463. 375. 790. 338. 364. 57. 32. 40. 3#4. TlM102 <0.3 mg/ S8ulphate (soluble) 20115612385719101 1#TlM098 <3 mg/ C9hloride 8351384 207 248 390 1307 304#TlM097 <1 mg/ Phosphate <00.08 08.7 <80.0 <80.0 <20.0 274.3 07.3 38.0 <#0.0 TlM100 <0.08 mg/ (Ortho as PO4) Ammoniacal <80.2 03. 22. <20. 98. 325. 02. 14. 1#. TlM099 <0.2 mg/ Nitrogen as N S6ilica 1512282916251128TlM04 4<1 mg/ Phenols Total <10.01 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 <10.0 01.0 <40.0 0#.0 TlM062 <0.01 mg/ Monohydric T5otal Cyanide <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <50.0 <#0.0 TlM153 <0.05 mg/ Miscellaneous See See See See See See See See See Analysis* Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached Attached <1.00 pH p5H Value 83.5 89.5 83.6 89.4 87.5 89.3 82.3 88.6 8#.4 TM133 Units T0otal Nitrogen* <01 <41 12111030<41 131lmg/

172 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 15GW1 15GW2 18GW1 18GW2 23GW1 23STP1 23WW1 23WW2 23WW3 Identity Depth (m)

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 173 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 15GW1 15GW2 18GW1 18GW2 23GW1 23STP1 23WW1 23WW2 23WW3 Identity Depth (m)

174 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 15GW1 15GW2 18GW1 18GW2 23GW1 23STP1 23WW1 23WW2 23WW3 Identity Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 12.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 29-30 103-104 105-106 107-108 109-110 78,111-112 113-114 115 116-117 Number(s) OCP T0ecnazene <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T0rifluralin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Alpha-BHC <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Hexachloro- <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ benzene Beta-BHC <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Gamma-BHC <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (Lindane) Quintozene <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ (PCNB) T0riallate <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ C0hlorothalonil <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ H0eptachlor <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ A0ldrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T0riadimefon <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ T0elodrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ I0sodrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ P0endimethalin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Heptachlor <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Epoxide t0rans-Chlordane <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o0,p'-DDE <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E0ndosulphan I <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ c0is-Chlordane <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p0,p'-DDE <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ D0ieldrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p0,p'-TDE (DDD) <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E0ndrin <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ E0ndosulphan II <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o0,p'-TDE (DDD) <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ o0,p'-DDT <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ p0,p'-DDT <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ Endosulphan <010 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/ sulphate o0,p'-Methoxychlor <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <01 <010 <01 <41 TlM14 <10 ng/

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 175 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 15GW1 15GW2 18GW1 18GW2 23GW1 23STP1 23WW1 23WW2 23WW3 Identity Depth (m)

176 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 15GW1 15GW2 18GW1 18GW2 23GW1 23STP1 23WW1 23WW2 23WW3 Identity Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 12.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 29-30 103-104 105-106 107-108 109-110 78,111-112 113-114 115 116-117 Number(s) Volatile Organic Compounds Dichlorodifluoro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ methane C-1hloromethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ V-1inyl Chloride <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ B-1romomethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ C-1hloroethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Trichlorofluoro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ methane trans-1-2-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethene D-1ichloromethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ C-1arbon Disulphide <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1-1.1-Dichloroethene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1-1.1-Dichloroethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ Methyl Tertiary -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<6TlM116 #<1 ug/ Butyl Ether cis-1-2-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethene Bromochloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ methane C-1hloroform <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 2.2-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propane 1-1.2-Dichloroethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.1.1-Trichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane 1.1-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propene B-1enzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<18#TlM116 <1 ug/ Carbontetra- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ chloride D-1ibromomethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propane Bromodichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ methane T-1richloroethene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ cis-1-3-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propene trans-1-3-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propene 1.1.2-Trichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane T-1oluene <1<1<1<1<1<1<72#2 TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.3-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propane

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 177 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Sample 15GW1 15GW2 18GW1 18GW2 23GW1 23STP1 23WW1 23WW2 23WW3 Identity Depth (m)

Sample Type WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER WATER Sampled 12.12.05 Method LoD / Date Code Units Sample 20.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 21.12.05 Received Batch 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Sample 29-30 103-104 105-106 107-108 109-110 78,111-112 113-114 115 116-117 Number(s) Volatile Organic Compounds (cont.) Dibromochloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ methane 1-1.2-Dibromoethane <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ T-1etrachloroethene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.1.1.2-Tetrachloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane C-1hlorobenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ E-1thylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<11#TlM116 <1 ug/ p-1/m-Xylene <1<1<1<1<1<1<96#0 TlM116 <1 ug/ B-1romoform <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ S-1tyrene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.1.2.2-Tetrachloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ ethane o-1-Xylene <1<1<1<1<1<1<14#1 TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2.3-Trichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ propane I-1sopropylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<2TlM116 #<1 ug/ B-1romobenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 2-1-Chlorotoluene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ P-1ropylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 4-1-Chlorotoluene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2.4-Trimethyl- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<27#6 TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene 4-1-Isopropyltoluene <1<1<1<1<1<1<3TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.3.5-Trimethyl- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<91#9 TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene 1.2-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene 1.4-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene s-1ec-Butylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ t-1ert-Butylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.3-Dichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene n-1-Butylbenzene <1<1<1<1<1<1<6TlM116 #<1 ug/ 1.2-Dibromo-3- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ chloropropane 1.2.4-Trichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene N-1aphthalene <1<1<1<1<1<1<04#0 TlM116 <1 ug/ 1.2.3-Trichloro- -1<1<1<1<1<1<1<1<#TlM116 <1 ug/ benzene

178 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Sample 15GW1 15GW2 18GW1 18GW2 23GW1 23STP1 23WW1 23WW2 23WW3 Identity Depth (m)

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 179 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

ALcontrol Geochem Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (EPH) By GC-FID Carbon Range C10 – C40 Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix [Units]: LIQUID [ug/l] Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA

Sample No. Sample Identity Depth EPH Interpretation 123 89GW 4sPossible petroleum naphtha' 135 80GW

180 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

ALcontrol Geochem Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (EPH) By GC-FID Carbon Range C10 – C40 Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix [Units]: SOLID [mg/kg] Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA

Sample No. Sample Identity Depth EPH Interpretation 1C10/SS/B 8l0 fuel oi 2C28/SS/A 8l788 diese 3C24/SS/B 1l028 diese 4C37/SS/A 9s5 phenol isomer 6C57/SS/A 6lpossible biodegraded diese 7C78/SS/A 2shumic acid 9C125/SS/A 7l760 used engine oi 1C0 165/SS/B 1l332 biodegraded diese 1C1 135/SS/C 1eno identification possibl 1C2 105/SS/D 5l05 heavy fuel oi 3A1 95/SS/A 6slube oil/humic acid 4A0 81/SS/A 3shumic acid 4A3 99/SS/C 9s8 PAHs/unknown cluster 4A6 140/SS/A 9r6 Possible Bitumen/Ta 4A9 293/SS//C 2l530 used engine oi 5A9 197/SS/A 1l863 biodegraded diese 6A1 138/SS/LFILL/A 1s0 humic acid 6A2 96/SS/B 1l233 heavy fuel oi 6A3 243/SS/D 2l424 biodegraded diese 6A4 213/SS/A 2r811 Bitumen/Ta 6A5 253/SS/B 1l8 heavy oi

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 181 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

ALcontrol Geochem Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (EPH) By GC-FID Carbon Range C10 – C40 Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix [Units]: LIQUID [ug/l] Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA

Sample No. Sample Identity Depth Mineral Oil Interpretation 123 80GW <1 135 80GW <1 147 81GW 23 119 80SW <1 211 100GW 52 223 100GW <1 235 100GW <1 247 100GW 10 219 105GW <1 818 20GW <1 920 20GW <1 912 40GW <1 914 70WW <1 915 80GW <1 918 101GW <1 1100 102GW <1 1202 102GW <1 1203 105GW <1 1106 108GW <1 1207 108GW <1 1109 203GW <1 1111 203STP <1 1113 203WW <1 1215 203WW <1 1316 203WW <1

182 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

ALcontrol Geochem Extractable Petroleum Hydrocarbons (EPH) By GC-FID Carbon Range C10 – C40 Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix [Units]: SOLID [mg/kg] Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA

Sample No. Sample Identity Depth Mineral Oil Interpretation 1C13/SS/B 43 2C24/SS/A 4523 3C29/SS/B 703 4C34/SS/A 10 6C56/SS/A 3 7C75/SS/A 2 9C105/SS/A 2117 1C0 145/SS/B 814 1C1 195/SS/C 2 1C2 105/SS/D 241

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 183 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

184 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 185 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

ALcontrol Geochem Radioactivity Screening Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix [Units]: Solid and Liquid (uSvh-1) Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA

Sample No. Sample Identity Depth Screening Result 1C1-/SS/B 0. 1 2C2-/SS/A 0. 1 3C2-/SS/B 0. 1 4C3-/SS/A 0. 1 5E3-/HAZ WAST 0. 1 6C5-/SS/A 0. 1 7C7-/SS/A 0. 1 8E7-/HAZ WAST 0. 1 9C1-5/SS/A 0. 1 1C0 1-5/SS/B 0. 1 1C1 1-5/SS/C 0. 1 1C2 1-5/SS/D 0. 1 123 8-GW 0. 1 124 8-GW 0. 1 135 8-GW 0. 1 136 8-GW 0. 1 147 8-GW 0. 1 148 8-GW 0. 1 119 8-SW 0. 1 210 8-SW 0. 1 211 1-0GW 0. 1 212 1-0GW 0. 1 223 1-0GW 0. 1 224 1-0GW 0. 1 235 1-0GW 0. 1 236 1-0GW 0. 1 247 1-0GW 0. 1 248 1-0GW 0. 1 219 1-5GW 0. 1 310 1-5GW 0. 1 3A1 9-/SS/A 0. 1 312 1-/ASB/00 0. 1 313 E-REZ/ASB/00 0. 1 314 2-/ASB/00 0. 1

186 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

ALcontrol Geochem Radioactivity Screening Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix [Units]: Solid and Liquid (uSvh-1) Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA

Sample No. Sample Identity Depth Screening Result 325 2-/ASB/00 0. 1 336 2-/ASB/00 0. 1 317 5-/ASB/00 0. 1 318 6-/ASB/00 0. 1 319 8-/ASB/00 0. 1 4A0 8-/SS/A 0. 1 411 9-/ASB/00 0. 1 4E2 9-/HAZWAST 0. 1 4A3 9-/SS/C 0. 1 414 1-0/ASB/00 0. 1 425 1-0/ASB/00 0. 1 418 1-2/ASB/00 0. 1 4A9 2-3/SS//C 0. 1 510 1-4/ASB/00 0. 1 5A1 1-4/LFILL/A 0. 1 5A2 1-4/LFILL/B 0. 1 5A3 1-4/LFILL/C 0. 1 514 1-5/ASB/00 0. 1 525 1-5/ASB/00 0. 1 536 1-5/ASB/00 0. 1 547 1-5/ASB/00 0. 1 558 1-5/ASB/00 0. 1 5A9 1-7/SS/A 0. 1 610 1-8/ASB/00 0. 1 6A1 1-8/SS/LFILL/A 0. 1 6A2 9-/SS/B 0. 1 6A3 2-3/SS/D 0. 1 6A4 2-3/SS/A 0. 1 6A5 2-3/SS/B 0. 1 6A6 2-5/SW/ 0. 1 6A7 2-4/SW/3 0. 1 618 3-/ASB/00 0. 1 6L9 2-3/OI 0. 1 7D0 N-O I. 0. 1 7D1 N-O I. 0. 1 7D2 N-O I. 0. 1

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 187 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

ALcontrol Geochem Radioactivity Screening Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix [Units]: Solid and Liquid (uSvh-1) Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA

Sample No. Sample Identity Depth Screening Result 7D3 N-O I. 0. 1 7D4 N-O I. 0. 1 7D5 N-O I. 0. 1 7D6 N-O I. 0. 1 7D7 N-O I. 0. 1 718 2-3STP 0. 1 7D9 N-O I. 0. 1 8D0 N-O I. 0. 1 8D1 N-O I. 0. 1 8D2 N-O I. 0. 1 8D3 N-O I. 0. 1 8D4 N-O I. 0. 1 8D5 N-O I. 0. 1 8A6 S-OIL TRIP/ 0. 1 8P7 W-ATER TRI 0. 1 818 2-GW 0. 1 819 2-GW 0. 1 920 2-GW 0. 1 921 2-GW 0. 1 912 4-GW 0. 1 913 4-GW 0. 1 914 7-WW 0. 1 915 8-GW 0. 1 916 8-GW 0. 1 917 1-1GW 0. 1 918 1-1GW 0. 1 919 1-2GW 0. 1 1100 1-2GW 0. 1 1201 1-2GW 0. 1 1202 1-2GW 0. 1 1203 1-5GW 0. 1 1204 1-5GW 0. 1 1105 1-8GW 0. 1 1106 1-8GW 0. 1 1207 1-8GW 0. 1 1208 1-8GW 0. 1

188 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

ALcontrol Geochem Radioactivity Screening Job No.: 05/18857/02/01 Matrix [Units]: Solid and Liquid (uSvh-1) Client: UNEP / PCoB Location: GAZA

Sample No. Sample Identity Depth Screening Result 1109 2-3GW 0. 1 1110 2-3GW 0. 1 1111 2-3STP 0. 1 1112 2-3STP 0. 1 1113 2-3WW 0. 1 1114 2-3WW 0. 1 1215 2-3WW 0. 1 1316 2-3WW 0. 1 1317 2-3WW 0. 1

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 189 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

190 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

ALcontrol Technichem Total Nitrogen Job No.: 06-10946 Project Code: 18857 Client: Alcontrol Laboratories Matrix: Water

S4ample Reference 065/18857/1 085/18857/1 025/18857/1 045/18857/2 065/18857/2 05/18857/2 C2lient Reference 83GW 84GW 81GW 120GW 130GW 10GW D6ate Scheduled 169/01/0 169/01/0 169/01/0 169/01/0 169/01/0 19/01/0 Method No. Units L8aboratory Reference No. 191847 101847 111848 121848 131848 11848 Analysis T2otal Nitrogen 1110<21 10<01 <21 BlS388 mg/

ALcontrol Technichem Total Nitrogen Job No.: 06-10946 Project Code: 18857 Client: Alcontrol Laboratories Matrix: Water

S8ample Reference 05/18857/2 C4lient Reference 10GW D6ate Scheduled 19/01/0 Method No. Units L4aboratory Reference No. 11848 Analysis T0otal Nitrogen <1 BlS3882 mg/

ALcontrol Technichem Total Nitrogen Job No.: 05-10454 Project Code: 05-18857 Client: Alcontrol Laboratories Matrix: Water

S0ample Reference 005/18857/2 05/18857/3 C1lient Reference 81SW 15GW D5ate Scheduled 252/12/0 22/12/0 Method No. Units L2aboratory Reference No. 131518 11518 Analysis T0otal Nitrogen <01 <21 BlS388 mg/

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 191 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

ALcontrol Technichem Total Nitrogen Job No.: 05-10545 Project Code: 05-18857 Client: Alcontrol Laboratories Matrix: Water

S9ample Reference 015/18857/8 035/18857/9 045/18857/9 065/18857/9 085/18857/9 05/18857/9 C1lient Reference 22GW 21GW 41GW 71WW 81GW 11GW D5ate Sampled 253/12/0 253/12/0 253/12/0 253/12/0 253/12/0 23/12/0 Method No. Units D5ate Scheduled 258/12/0 258/12/0 258/12/0 258/12/0 258/12/0 28/12/0 L8aboratory Reference No. 191589 101589 111590 121590 131590 11590 Analysis T0otal Nitrogen <11 10<41 40<81 12BlS388 mg/

ALcontrol Technichem Total Nitrogen Job No.: 05-10545 Project Code: 05-18857 Client: Alcontrol Laboratories Matrix: Water

S0ample Reference 025/18857/10 045/18857/10 065/18857/10 085/18857/10 005/18857/10 05/18857/11 C1lient Reference 122GW 122GW 115GW 128GW 118GW 23GW D5ate Sampled 253/12/0 253/12/0 253/12/0 253/12/0 253/12/0 23/12/0 Method No. Units D5ate Scheduled 258/12/0 258/12/0 258/12/0 258/12/0 258/12/0 28/12/0 L4aboratory Reference No. 151590 161590 171590 181590 191590 11590 Analysis T2otal Nitrogen 2120<41 121112BlS388 mg/

ALcontrol Technichem Total Nitrogen Job No.: 05-10545 Project Code: 05-18857 Client: Alcontrol Laboratories Matrix: Water

S2ample Reference 045/18857/11 055/18857/11 075/18857/11 05/18857/11 C1lient Reference 213STP 223WW 233WW 23WW D5ate Sampled 253/12/0 253/12/0 253/12/0 23/12/0 Method No. Units D5ate Scheduled 258/12/0 258/12/0 258/12/0 28/12/0 L0aboratory Reference No. 111591 121591 131591 11591 Analysis T0otal Nitrogen 30<41 1312BlS388 mg/

192 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

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• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 193 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

!"# $ %%&'()* ( + , - + . /0 1 )2 !"# $ %%&* +3+ 4 +3+ 5 &#! !"# $ %%* . 6% 71% 28 6% 716% 9: -;-<-.-0

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194 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

!"# $ %%&'()* ( + , - + . /0 1 )2 !"# $ %%&* +3+ 4 +3+ 5 &#! !"# $ %%* . 6% 71% 28 6% 716% 9: -;-<-.-0

-;+ )''( # -. #. + ''( # -. $ $. + !. 6 = 7 >+. . /0 ?33 . . @ /? $ $. + >+. 5+ & )!

& 6 77&6 : &( 1' 2 '# 77&6 : &) 1' 2 '# 77&6 : (&','#

3 $ C %% $' $' $' 9 - C $' $' $'

7 77&6 : 6 (1',')#

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! ""# $ / 3 #;+ #.+> 9.;.. .* + (&''( &)

! " # ! $ % & ' (' )* +,*( +$"*

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• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 195 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

!"# $ %%&'()* ( + , - + . /0 1 )2 !"# $ %%&* +3+ 4 +3+ 5 &#! !"# $ %%* . 6% 71% 28 6% 716% 9: -;-<-.-0

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7( 7) 71 &'77&6'7% (4, &'77&6'% (4,( &'77&6'%) 14,

3 $ B $' ( $' $' 2- -3 B $' $' $'

7& 7 76 &'77&6'% 74, &'77&6'%7 4, &'77&6' (4,

3 $ B $' $' $' 2- -3 B $' $' $'

77 7% % &'77&6'( (4,( &'77&6'1 &4,( &'77&6' 74,

3 $ B )1 $' && $' $' 2- -3 B $' ( $' $'

% %( %) &'7&&6'7 74,( &'77&6' ()4, &'77&6'( ()/

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! " # ! $ % & ' (' )* +,*( +$"*

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196 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

!"# $ %%&'()* ( + , - + . /0 1 )2 !"# $ %%&* +3+ 4 +3+ 5 &#! !"# $ %%* . 6% 71% 28 6% 716% 9: -;-<-.-0

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%1 %& % &'77&6'1 (),, &'77&6'& (),,( &'77&6'6 (),,)

3 $ B &( $' 7 $' ) $' 2- -3 B 7) $' $' $'

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! " # ! $ % & ' (' )* +,*( +$"*

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198 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 199 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

200 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 201 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

202 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 203 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

204 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 205 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

206 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Appendix IV Screening values for soil and ground water

Summary of Data from the Tier 1 Dutch Integrated SRC Tier 1 CLEA derived Tier 1 Screening Process for Soils Screening Criteria for Soils Screening Criteria for Soils Metals (all results in mg/kg) A5rsenic 802 C0admium 819 Chromium B3arium 11 B0eryllium 202 13 L6ead 9 M0ercury 508 45 M6olybdenum 38 S0elenium 19 C6opper 905 N0ickel 150 3 Z0inc 35 Hydrocarbons and VOCs (all results in µg/kg unless stated) B0enzene 110 T0oluene 3200 E0thyl benzene 11000 N0aphthalene 10700000 1000 A0cenaphthylene 20600000 500 A0cenaphthene 301500000 3500 F0luorene 20300000 5000 P0henanthrene 30100 9000 A0nthracene 1060 11500 F0luoranthene 206000 1500 P0yrene 302000000 13000 B0enz(a)anthracene 2050 300 C0hrysene 30500 1500 B0enzo(b)fluoranthene 2080000 100 B0enzo(k)fluoranthene 30800 300 B0enzo(a)pyrene 7000 50 I0ndeno(123cd)pyrene 1090 500 D0ibenzo(ah)anthracene 7000 B0enzo(ghi)perylene 30300 25000 Petroleum Range Organics 5001 C4 - C10 (mg/kg) Petroleum Range Organics 5001 C10 - C12 (mg/kg) D*iesel Range Organic (mg/kg) 5000 M*ineral Oil 5000 P0henols 15 3 Other Parameters (all results in mg/kg) P0H >4, <1 2 OC/OP Pesticides (all results in µg /kg) DDT p0,p'-DDE 130 D0ieldrin 910 p0,p'-TDE(DDD) 3400 E5ndrin 9 o0,p'-TDE(DDD) 3400 p0,p'-DDT 100 A0ldrin 32 E5ndrin 9 P*olychlorinated bi-phenyls 1000 * No Integrated SRC value, VROM 2000 value used. 1 No published value; assessors 'trigger' value for further assessment. 2 No published value; assessors 'trigger' value denoting acid or alkaline conditions. 3 No published value; assessors 'trigger' value for further assessment.

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 207 ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF THE AREAS DISENGAGED BY ISRAEL IN THE GAZA STRIP

Summary of Data from the Tier 1 Unit Dutch Screening Screening Process for Water Values Alrsenic u3g/ 3 Cladmium u0g/ 1 Clhromium u6g/ 16 Clopper u9g/ 1 Llead u7g/ 1 Mlolybdenum u3g/ 33 Nlickel u0g/ 50 Zlinc u1g/ 9 Mlercury u6g/ 3 Tlotal Cyanide u9g/ 2 Mlineral Oil u0g/ 60 Dliesel Range Organics u0g/ 60 Pletroluem Range Organics u0g/ 60 Blenzene u0g/ 11 Tloluene u0g/ 436 Elthyl Benzene u9g/ 332 ml&p xylene u0g/ 120 olxylene u0g/ 100 PlAH 16 Total ug/ Nlapthalene u0g/ 29 Alldrin u6g/ pl,p'-DDE u0g/ 1 Dlieldrin u6g/ Elndrin u3g/ ol,p'-DDT u3g/ 4 pl,p'-DDT u3g/ 4 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) Vlinyl Chloride u0g/ 4 Dlichloromethane u7g/ 199 clis-1-2-Dichloroethene u6g/ 46 1l.2-Dichloroethane u6g/ 46 Tlrichloroethene u0g/ 150 Tletrachloroethene u3g/ 53 1l.2-Dichlorobenzene u0g/ 74 1l.4-Dichlorobenzene u0g/ 46 1l.2.4-Trichlorobenzene u6g/ 4 1l.2.3-Trichlorobenzene u0g/ 10

208 • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • APPENDICES

Appendix V List of contributors

Members of the UNEP Field Assessment Team Mr. Henrik Slotte, Chief, Post-Conflict Branch, UNEP Mr. Mike Cowing, Hazardous Waste expert and Technical team leader Dr. Olof Linden, Coastal and Marine Expert Mr. Joe Atwood, Contaminated Site Assessment Expert Dr. Edwin Moses, Water Quality Expert Mr. Munuswamy Murthy, Water Quality Expert Mr. David Smith, Asbestos Expert Ms. Céline Reichard, Project Assistant, Post-Conflict Branch, UNEP

Special Thanks Mr. Yves Barthélemy, Remote Sensing Expert, Paris Mr. Aniket Ghai, Regional Office for Europe, UNEP Mr. Thorsten Kallnischkies, Independent Consultant, Berlin Ms. Jane Upperton, Report Editor, London Ms. Silja Halle, Report Editing and Proof-reading Mr. Geraint Williams, Laboratory Expert, ALcontrol Geochem, Hawarden

UNEP Post Conflict Branch Henrik Slotte, Chief of Branch Muralee Thummarukudy, Operations Manager David Jensen, Policy and Planning Coordinator Mario Burger, Senior Scientific Adviser Mijke Hertoghs, Associate Programme Officer Mette Moglestue, Legal Expert Andrew Morton, Project Coordinator David Meadows, Programme Officer Mani Nair, Project Assistant Elena Orlyk, Project Assistant Hassan Partow, Programme Officer Matija Potocnik, Media Assistant Céline Reichard, Project Assistant Gabriel Rocha, Systems Administrator Joanne Stutz, Programme Assistant Koen Toonen, Project Coordinator Maliza Van Eeden, Associate Programme Officer Alain Wittig, Associate Programme Officer Richard Wood, Technical Coordinator Grant Wroe-Street, Project Coordinator Dawit Yared, Project Assistant

• United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • United Nations Environment Programme / Post-Conflict Branch • 209

Further information

Copies of this report may be ordered from: SMI (Distribution Services) Limited P.O. Box 119 Stevenage Hertfordshire SG1 4TP, UK Tel: +44 1438 748111 Fax: +44 1438 748 844

UNEP also has an online bookstore at: http://www.earthprint.com

Further technical information may be obtained from the UNEP Post-Conflict Branch website at: http://postconflict.unep.ch or by email: [email protected] www.unep.org

United Nations Environment Programme P.O. Box 30552 Nairobi, Kenya Tel: +254 (0)20 762 1234 Fax: +254 (0)20 762 3927 Email: [email protected]

In June 2004, Israel initiated the plan for disengagement from the Gaza Strip. In April 2005, UNEP was requested by the Palestinian Authority to assist with an environmental assessment of the disengaged settlements. The Israeli disengagement from the Gaza Strip was finalized by 12 September2005. To conductBACK the environmental COVER assessment UNEP developed its own methods, focusing on four objectives: First, to gather a baseline data set of the environment in the disengaged settlements.Second,to identify areas posing immediate risk to people.Third, to create an information base, including satellite images and maps, for future planning. Fourth, to provide training on environmental assessments to Palestinian experts.

Using satellite imagery, reports and comments from Israeli, Palestinian, and international sources, UNEP experts, prior to commencement of the field work, identified approximately 100 areas of interest, including industrial buildings, waste disposal sites,agricultural plants and storage tanks.

The field work was carried out in Gaza from 9-18 December 2005 by a UNEP-team of 8 experts with expertise in the fields of hazardous waste including asbestos, marine and coastal issues, soil contamination and water quality.The UNEP team was consequently able to cover all 21 disengaged settlementsandtheErezIndustrialEstate.

This report presents the findings of the environmental assessmentintheGazaStrip.

ISBN: 92-807-2697-8 Job No.: DEP/0810/GE