Museum of Comparative ZOOLOGY ANNUAL REPORT

2010–2011

Annual Report 2010–2011 1 Director’s Message

Professor Ernst Mayr, arguably the most famous evolutionary biologist of the 20th century, served as MCZ’s director from 1961 to 1970. For him, the MCZ “is not merely a repository of collections but a biological research institute.”

According to Mayr, the MCZ has two explicit This past year saw significant improvements tasks: “to study the diversity of living nature to our physical . A new cryogenic lab and its evolution—the mere accumulation was installed, which will house a state-of-the- of specimens and the mere description of art, liquid-nitrogen-based collection that will new is not our primary task”—and come online in November 2011. Build-out of to instruct undergraduate and graduate the MCZ’s new 50,000-square-foot collections students. This past year’s activities and events facility in the Northwest Science Building show that we are doing our best to promote began in spring 2011. Migration of specimens and realize Mayr’s lofty vision and maintain from their current, overcrowded space in the MCZ’s standing as the finest university-based old MCZ will begin in early 2012. natural history museum in the world. With the acquisition of several grants, MCZ Perhaps the most important ongoing activity is able to participate in both national and of any university-based museum is the global efforts to digitize collection records, hiring and retention of outstanding faculty- some of which extend back hundreds curators. Hence, I’m happy to announce of years. The resulting online specimen Catherine Weisel that Dr. Hopi Hoekstra, MCZ’s Curator of databases provide unprecedented and Mammalogy, has accepted Harvard’s offer of immediate access to primary a tenured professorship in the departments information by scientists, students, of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology policymakers, conservationists and other and Molecular and Cellular Biology, and data “consumers” anywhere and anytime. appointment as Alexander Agassiz Professor Finally, we were sorry to bid farewell to of Zoology in the MCZ. This is a key Elisabeth Werby, Executive Director of the “acquisition” for MCZ, and one that will help Harvard Museum of Natural History, at the sustain our intellectual leadership in the close of the 2009–2010 academic year. We field of comparative biology. surely will miss Liz, but we also will treasure Teaching continues to be one of our most the magnificent public museum she left valued and rewarding activities, and I am behind. While the University develops plans happy to showcase some of the impressive to recruit her successor, David E. Ellis, accomplishments of our undergraduate former president of both Lafayette College and graduate students within this report. and the Museum of Science, , is Under the supervision of faculty-curators serving as interim executive director. and with financial support from programs The success of the MCZ is only possible such as the Grants-in-Aid of Undergraduate Cover photo credits: because of the earnest commitment and Top, left to right: Luke Mahler; Vlad Research, the MCZ continues to both train dedication of its faculty, researchers, staff Dinca; courtesy of Elaine Vo; Gonzalo new generations of professional zoologists Giribet; Florence On and students. I commend everyone for and educate future doctors, lawyers, poets, Bottom, left to right: Lynn Johnson; Naomi their hard work and congratulate them for engineers, teachers and other leaders of Man in’t Veld; Mark Renczkowski; Anna a job well done. Clark; Jon Sanders tomorrow in the biology of organisms. Opposite page: Hypochrysops digglesii James Hanken (Lycaenidae: Theclinae) from by Director Catherine Weisel

Annual Report 2010–2011 1 remained relatively small, isolated and brown bears, work that she now is Investing in the Future docile, and likely do not pose a physical preparing for publication. threat to humans. In December 2011, Larson As both a research and a teaching museum, the MCZ maintains an active “Adam is a natural entomologist who also has will begin a research project, involvement in, and support of, Harvard’s education programs. a deep commitment to applying his research “Decoding Species Complexes to issues of conservation and sustainable of and Mammals Through courses, faculty mentoring and Prize in 2008 to reward excellence in her development,” says his advisor, Professor in the Mountains of ,” Grants-in-Aid of Undergraduate Research work as an undergraduate. Her findings were Brian Farrell. “He is an ideal ambassador for on a Fulbright grant. She will be (GUR), the MCZ nurtures and advances the published in Proceedings of the National Academy the causes of conservation and biodiversity studying small mammal and research interests of undergraduate students of Sciences of the USA in April 2011. research, both abroad and domestically.” diversity in the mountains, teaching from the classroom to the lab and field. We in village schools about local “Elaine is a very dedicated worker, and with are proud to highlight some of the research biodiversity and her research, and her background in biochemistry and biology, of recent undergraduates who have been improving her fluency in Kiswahili, she had a breadth of knowledge that is rare supervised by MCZ faculty-curators. Joanna Larson among undergraduates,” explained Prof. which she studied for two years at Harvard. Adam Clark Edwards. “Her research elegantly combines Alexander Kim, Class of 2013, is so fascinated seabird ecology, ecotoxicology, stable isotopes by freshwater prawns that he seriously studied and the value of museum specimens to reveal them even before his undergraduate career. conditions in the world in which they lived.” According to his advisor, Professor Gonzalo Vo is currently a graduate student at the Giribet, “Alex has a true passion for learning University of , Berkeley, where and is, by far, the most driven she is pursuing research at the interface undergraduate I have ever met. He was conducting field research of ecological immunology and avian host- Adam Clark parasite ecology. on freshwater crustaceans in high school and is already participating Elaine Vo Recent graduate Joanna Larson, Class of Adam Clark, Class of 2011, is 2011, has diverse research interests in both in advanced coursework.” The achievements of Anh-Thu Elaine Vo, especially interested in : amphibians and mammals that have led to Class of 2008, provide an excellent example the distribution of species A member of the Giribet lab, Kim’s fieldwork around the world, from Florida of the combined power of scientific curiosity across landscapes and how new fieldwork has been funded in part to to . The MCZ supported and initiative, financial support and faculty species establish themselves into by two GUR grants. In 2010, he Larson with two GUR grants. mentorship. Vo’s research, funded in part by existing communities. For the traveled to Lake Corpus Christi, a GUR in Winter 2007, measured mercury last three years, his research has focused on the “Joanna began her relationship with MCZ Texas, to investigate how a species levels in the endangered Black-footed communities of the Boston Harbor Islands, as a freshman, when she enrolled in the of prawns that live in saltwater when Albatross (Phoebastria nigripes), a wide-ranging including sampling and identification herpetology course that I teach with Jonathan young but spend their adult lives in Scott Edwards aquatic predator in the Pacific region. Guided for the All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory run Losos,” explained Professor James Hanken, freshwater seem to migrate between by Professor Scott Edwards, Vo examined by the Farrell lab. His work was supported her advisor. “The course included a spring- these environments where a man- 120 years of feathers (1880–2002) held by by a GUR in Spring 2009 and his paper “Ant break trip to Costa Rica, and by the end of that made dam should block their path. MCZ and a second museum to correlate communities of the Boston Harbor Islands week, she was hooked on comparative zoology, In 2011, Kim traveled to the the amount of mercury accumulated in the National Recreation Area” was recognized with natural history and fieldwork. She went on to Panama Canal area to investigate a Alexander Kim feathers with increased levels of human- a Hoopes Prize in 2011. His paper, “The effects accomplish great things as an undergraduate.” novel cluster of Pacific/Caribbean generated atmospheric pollution, especially of biogeography on ant diversity and activity Larson’s 2010 summer internship with the sister species—closely related prawn since WWII and the more recent doubling of on the Boston Harbor Islands, Massachusetts, Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural species that were separated by land until Rose Lincoln emissions due to Asian industrialization. U.S.A.,” is in press at PLoS ONE. History enabled her to conduct a taxonomic the construction of the Canal. Because Black-footed Albatross in flight and Vo’s work is the first to confirm the rise of Clark investigated an invasive ant species, revision of Petrodromus, African elephant both of these species can tolerate both in the MCZ collections mercury levels in the Pacific Ocean and Paratrechina longicornis, in the Dominican shrews, and she is currently investigating the saline and freshwater segments points to the need for further research on Republic in 2011. Contrary to earlier local the genetics of this with additional of the Canal, they have the potential the reproductive effects of increased levels of news reports of the danger and devastation funding from the Smithsonian. During for invasions far beyond their current

mercury in endangered species such as the this species would wreak, Clark found that, this internship, Larson also investigated habitats, with possible hemisphere-wide Alexander Kim albatross. Vo’s project garnered a Hoopes even though widespread, the colonies have hybridization between polar bears and ecological repercussions. 2 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 3 FACULTY-CURATORS

Gonzalo Giribet James Hanken MCZ Faculty-Curators Professor of Biology Professor of Biology Curator of Invertebrate Zoology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Herpetology Prof. Giribet’s primary MCZ Director research focuses on the Andrew A. Biewener evolution, systematics and Prof. Hanken utilizes laboratory- Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology biogeography of invertebrate based analyses and field surveys Director, Concord Field Station . Current projects to examine morphological Prof. Biewener’s research focuses on understanding the in the Giribet lab include evolution, developmental biomechanics, neuromuscular control and energetics of multidisciplinary studies for biology and systematics of movement on land and in the air. To study how Assembling the Bivalve Tree amphibians. Current areas of research include the evolution and why a wide variety of animals move dynamically in of Life and for assessing deep of craniofacial patterning; the developmental basis of life- a natural setting, the Biewener lab employs treadmills, molluscan phylogeny, as well history evolution; and systematics, and evolution wind tunnels, high-speed video and methods of directly as multiple projects involving of neotropical and Asian and . research on measuring the force and movement of the animal’s body, Prof. Hanken also serves on the Executive Committee of the systematics and biogeography, sponges, sipunculans, limbs and wings. Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org). platyhelminthes and onychophorans. He is also interested in How musculoskeletal design varies across differing modes philosophical aspects of sequence data analysis, emphasizing and conditions of movement—as well as across diverse homology-related issues. species—is of particular interest in understanding the general principles that govern the design of the neuromuscular and skeletal systems of vertebrates. In the Biewener lab, limb and body dynamics of whole animal movement are analyzed in relation to neuromuscular, tendon and Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. skeletal function. Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology The research of the Biewener lab is designed to answer questions about animal movement, such as: Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology • What features of the musculoskeletal system developed in response to the demands for As an anatomist, zoologist and vertebrate powered flight versus those for economical movement over ground? paleontologist, Prof. Jenkins is as much • How do animals maneuver in their environment and stabilize in response to disturbances? intrigued by living vertebrates as by • How does size affect animal design and performance? their extinct relatives. Broadly interested • How can biological systems inform robotics design? in vertebrate evolution, he has never The Biewener lab at the Concord Field Station consists of three postdoctoral researchers, four restricted his research to a particular graduate students, one research associate and three undergraduate researchers. taxon, and his collaborations have ranged from Mesozoic mammals to frogs. Another significant research focus has

Lynn Johnson been functional anatomy: understanding the musculoskeletal mechanisms that Brian D. Farrell Hopi E. Hoekstra Scott V. Edwards animals use to move and breathe. Professor of Biology Professor of Biology Professor of Biology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology Curator of Entomology Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology He maintains active field research in vertebrate paleontology and, in 2006, Curator of Mammalogy Curator of Ornithology Prof. Farrell’s research is was part of an expedition that discovered Tiktaalik roseae, the missing link Prof. Edwards’ research focuses broadly concerned with Prof. Hoekstra combines field and between fish and land animals, in the Canadian Arctic. In 2009 he was given on the evolutionary biology of whether the diversity of laboratory work to understand the the Romer-Simpson Medal, the highest award of the Society of Vertebrate birds and relatives, using the species on Earth is a cause evolution of mammalian diversity Paleontology, for sustained and outstanding scholarly excellence. from morphology to behavior. Her guiding principles of population or consequence of the Prof. Jenkins has led courses in vertebrate evolution for 40 years, explaining research focuses on the genetic basis genetics and systematics to diverse roles different the anatomical and physiological transformations that transitioned fish of adaptive variation—identifying inform their natural history species play in ecosystems, to reptiles to birds to mammals—accompanied by detailed and colorful both the ultimate causes and the and behavior. Current projects particularly between chalkboard illustrations—to cover 500 million years of vertebrate evolution in proximate mechanisms responsible utilize genomic technologies and . 26 lectures. to examine genome evolution for traits that help organisms The Farrell lab serves as a base across the reptile-bird transition; survive and reproduce in the wild. Prof. Jenkins was honored with a Harvard College Professorship in 2011 for the Tree of Life Tony Rinaldo Tony in recognition of his dedication to undergraduate teaching. In 2010, he phylogeography and speciation Research in the Hoekstra lab uses project, a collaborative and received the Everett Mendelsohn Excellence in Mentoring Award for his of Australian and North American birds; and the genomics of integrative approaches to understand comprehensive phylogenetic efforts in supporting graduate students’ education, professional and personal host-parasite co-evolution between house finches—a common how biological variation is generated study of this most diverse development and career plans. Prof. Jenkins was also recognized with North American songbird—and a recently acquired bacterial and maintained in natural populations.

Stu Rosner group of animals. pathogen called Mycoplasma. The Joseph R. Levenson Memorial Teaching Prize in 2010.

4 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 5 FACULTY-CURATORS EMERITI

Jonathan B. Losos Monique and Philip Lehner MCZ Emeriti Professor for the Study of America Curator of Herpetology Kenneth J. Boss A. W. “Fuzz” Crompton Faculty-Curator Emeritus Faculty-Curator Emeritus Prof. Losos’ research focuses on Professor of Biology, Emeritus Fisher Professor of Natural History, the behavioral and evolutionary Emeritus ecology of lizards, specifically Prof. Boss, former Curator how lizards interact with of Malacology, has been Prof. Crompton, former their environment and how with Harvard for 40 years. Curator of Mammalogy, was lizard clades have diversified His research focus is the the Director of the MCZ from evolutionarily. His laboratory classification, systematics and 1970 to 1982 and the former integrates approaches from evolution of mollusks, using data from shell morphology, Director of the Peabody Rose Lincoln/Harvard News Office systematics, ecology, behavior, anatomy and zoogeography to analyze the phylogenetic Museum of Natural History, Justin Ide genetics and functional relationships within various groups of gastropods , and the South morphology, taking both observational and experimental and bivalves. He has also published on the history of African Museum, Capetown. His primary research interests are the origin and evolution of mammals, functional Stephanie Mitchell approaches in the field and in the laboratory. malacology. Prof. Boss has contributed extensively to the Occasional Papers on Mollusks and formerly served anatomy, neural control and evolution of feeding in recent George V. Lauder as editor for Breviora and the Bulletin of the Museum of and vertebrates. Prof. Crompton is a fellow of the Professor of Biology Comparative Zoology. American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the American Henry Bryant Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology James J. McCarthy Association for the Advancement of Science. He received Curator of Ichthyology Professor of Biological Oceanography two Guggenheim fellowships for his research on vertebrate Richard C. Lewontin Alexander Agassiz Professor of paleontology and functional morphology. Prof. Lauder’s research examines the structure, Professor of Biology, Emeritus Biological Oceanography function and evolution of vertebrates, particularly Alexander Agassiz Professor of Acting Curator of Malacology fishes and amphibians. His current studies Zoology, Emeritus Herbert W. Levi focus on the development of robotic models for Prof. McCarthy’s research focuses An evolutionary geneticist, Prof. Faculty-Curator Emeritus understanding the functional and evolutionary on factors that regulate the Lewontin pioneered the field of Alexander Agassiz Professor of diversity of fishes. Additional interests include processes of primary production molecular population genetics Zoology, Emeritus biological fluid mechanics, theoretical approaches and nutrient supply in the ocean. to the analysis of form and function in organisms, by merging molecular biology A former Curator of and the history and philosophy of morphology and Through controlled laboratory and evolutionary theory, as Arachnology, Prof. Levi’s physiology. studies and field investigations, well as the philosophical and research focuses on the Prof. McCarthy and his group social implications of genetics taxonomy of New World orb examine the effects of strong and evolutionary theory. Prof. weaving araneid genera. seasonal or interannual climate Lewontin’s current research The author of and Their change on marine life and involves computer simulation Kin, as well as numerous articles

Jon Chase biogeochemical systems. and evaluation of statistical tests for selection. Among his on various spider genera, his

many books are The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change; research has made possible Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library Naomi E. Pierce Biology as Ideology: the Doctrine of DNA; Human Diversity; and identification of 1,500 species in Sidney A. and John Hessel The Triple Helix: Gene Organism and Environment. He served 66 genera in the Americas. Prof. Levi served as president of Professor of Biology Robert M. as President of the Society for the Study of Evolution, the International Society of Arachnology and, in 2007, won Curator of Entomology Woollacott the American Society of Naturalists and the Society for the ISA’s Eugene Simon Award for lifetime achievement for Prof. Pierce’s research Professor of Biology Molecular Biology and Evolution. his immense influence on spider research. uses molecular and Curator of Marine morphological data Invertebrates Edward O. Wilson to reconstruct the Prof. Woollacott’s Honorary Curator in Entomology evolutionary history of research focuses Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus . The goal on aspects Prof. Wilson is considered the founder of sociobiology and evolutionary of this research is to of marine psychology and has developed the basis of modern biodiversity conservation. clarify the systematics invertebrate life He has received many of the world’s leading prizes in recognition of his and classification of history, such as research and environmental activism. He was awarded two Pulitzer Prizes for these insects, and to synchronization Jean-Francois Bertrand his books The Ants (1990, with Bert Hölldobler) and On Human Nature (1978). investigate how host plant of reproductive events and ecology and physiology of In 2007, Prof. Wilson received the Technology, Entertainment, Design (TED) and ant associations have larvae. Topics of particular interest include larval dispersal Prize, where he articulated the concept of the Encyclopedia of Life— shaped their patterns of and population connectivity, as well as human impacts on a contemporary, dynamic Web page for every named species. diversification. the distribution of marine organisms.

6 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 7 COURSES

OEB 181: Systematics (undergraduate Courses in 2010–2011 Led by and graduate) Gonzalo Giribet MCZ Faculty-Curators Theory and practice of systematics, emphasizing issues associated with Organismic and Evolutionary OEB 121a: Research in Comparative homology statements and alignments, methods of tree construction and Biology Biomechanics (undergraduate and graduate) Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder hypothesis evaluation. OEB 10: Foundations of Biological Diversity (and Daniel E. Lieberman, Stacey A. Combes) OEB 231: Adaptation (graduate) (undergraduate) Introduction to experimental techniques Hopi E. Hoekstra Brian D. Farrell (and N. Michele Holbrook) used to investigate the structure and This discussion-based course covers the An integrated approach to the diversity of physiology of vertebrates, where each latest advances in the study of adaptation, life, emphasizing how chemical, physical, instructor offers research projects that are with a focus on controversial issues and genetic, ecological and geologic processes undertaken in their laboratory. integrative approaches. contribute to the origin and maintenance of biological diversity. OEB 121b: Research in Comparative OEB 233: Evolution of the Niche (graduate) Biomechanics (undergraduate and graduate) Jonathan Losos OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder Evolutionary diversification relates directly Invertebrate Animals (undergraduate) (and Daniel E. Lieberman, Stacey A. Combes) to how ecological niches change through Gonzalo Giribet (and Cassandra G. Extavour) Optional extension of initial project time. Introduction to invertebrate diversity, with undertaken in OEB 121a into a thesis OEB 155r: Biology of Insects special emphasis on the broad diversity of research project. OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology animal forms, their adaptations to different (graduate) ecosystems and how these phenomena shape OEB 125: Molecular Ecology and Evolution Robert M. Woollacott animal evolution. (undergraduate and graduate) Human impacts on marine life and Scott V. Edwards ecosystems of the sea. OEB 53: Evolutionary Biology A survey of theory and applications of DNA (undergraduate) technologies to the study of evolutionary, OEB 255: Nature and Regulation of Marine Hopi E. Hoekstra (and Andrew J. Berry) ecological and behavioral processes in Ecosystems (graduate) OEB 234: Topics in Marine Biology Micro- and macro-evolution, ranging from natural populations. James J. McCarthy population genetics through molecular evolution A presentation of topics that are of current to the grand patterns of the fossil record. OEB 345: Biological Oceanography OEB 139: Evolution of the Vertebrates interest in marine ecosystems. Emphasis on James J. McCarthy OEB 57: Animal Behavior (undergraduate) (undergraduate and graduate) identification and quantification of biological Naomi E. Pierce (and Bence P. Olveczky) Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. and environmental factors important in the OEB 355: Evolutionary Developmental A review of the behavior of animals under Origination and evolution of the major regulation of community structure. Biology natural conditions, with emphasis on both groups of vertebrates, with emphasis James Hanken Freshman Seminar 31v: The Beasts of on the anatomical and physiological Graduate Courses of Antiquity and Their Natural History mechanistic and evolutionary approaches. OEB 362: Research in Molecular Evolution transformations that occurred during (offered Fall 2011) Reading and Research Scott V. Edwards the transitions to diverse lineages of fish, OEB 307: Biomechanics, Physiology and amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. OEB 367: Evolutionary and Ecological Musculoskeletal Biology Diversity OEB 155r: Biology of Insects Andrew A. Biewener Jonathan Losos (undergraduate and graduate) OEB 310: Metazoan Systematics Naomi E. Pierce (and Michael R. Canfield) OEB 370: Mammalian Evolutionary Gonzalo Giribet Introduction to the major groups of insects— Genetics life history, morphology, physiology and OEB 320: Biomechanics and Evolution of Hopi E. Hoekstra ecology—through a combination of lecture, Vertebrates lab and field exercises. George V. Lauder Life Sciences LIFESCI 2: Evolutionary OEB 157: Global Change Biology OEB 323: Advanced Vertebrate Anatomy Human Physiology and Anatomy (undergraduate and graduate) Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. James J. McCarthy (and Paul R. Moorcroft) (undergraduate) Examines natural and anthropogenic OEB 325: Marine Biology George V. Lauder (and Peter T. Ellison, changes in the earth system and their Robert M. Woollacott Daniel E. Lieberman) impact on the structure and functioning of Explores human anatomy and OEB 334: Behavioral Ecology physiology from an integrated terrestrial and oceanic systems. Naomi E. Pierce framework, combining functional, OEB 341: Coevolution comparative and evolutionary

Bridget Power Brian D. Farrell perspectives on how organisms work. 8 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 9 COURSES COLLECTIONS

General Education Science of Living Systems 22: New Facilities and Technologies Human Influence on Life in the Sea (undergraduate) Enhance Preservation and Access James J. McCarthy, Robert M. Woollacott Over-harvested fish stocks, pollution and There are developments all around the MCZ to ensure the preservation of anthropogenic climate change affect the stability and productivity of marine specimens and enhance their access for research, on site and online. ecosystems. This course asks what we need to know about the causes and effects of The Northwest Building Curatorial staff have been readying the anthropogenic change to best protect marine ecosystems and ensure sustainable The Northwest Building’s below-ground Mammalogy collections since early 2010 and harvests from the sea. floors are being renovated for state-of-the-art these collections are scheduled to move to laboratories, special preparations areas, a the Northwest Building in early 2012. Phase Harvard Extension School and classroom and climate-controlled collections Two, B3 South, will be the management Harvard Summer School storage rooms for the MCZ. The building and collection areas for Ornithology and BIOS E-225: Human Impacts on will become the new home for all or part of the management areas for Malacology and Marine Communities (graduate) eight MCZ dry collections, greatly improving Invertebrate Paleontology. Phase Three, B3 Robert M. Woollacott OEB 155r: Biology of Insects Central, will house the collections areas for How anthropogenic-driven events are storage conditions for these specimens

Human Evolutionary Biology Cyndi A. Wood impacting the structure and function of and the preparation and lab areas for their Malacology, Invertebrate and Vertebrate HEB 1210: Research in Comparative The Northwest Building marine communities. researchers and students. Paleontology, Marine Invertebrates, Biomechanics (undergraduate and graduate) Invertebrate Zoology and fossil Entomology, Andrew A. Biewener, George V. Lauder (and BIOS S-74: Marine Life and Ecosystems The Phase One build-out of the building’s as well as the management area for Vertebrate Stacey A. Combes, Daniel E. Lierberman) of the Sea B2 level—with the prep labs, receiving Introduces students to experimental Robert M. Woollacott Paleontology. These two phases have been space and the Mammalogy management techniques used to investigate the structure The life history and adaptations of marine combined and construction will begin in and collections space—was completed in and physiology of animals. life and the ecosystems of the sea, with fall 2011. emphasis on understanding the fragility summer 2011. “The collection areas and new and resilience of marine systems in the face prep labs are leading-edge facilities, and the Since 2007, Jessica Cundiff, Curatorial of anthropogenically driven perturbations. collections staff—even those with specimens Associate for Invertebrate Paleontology, has been supervising the preparation of more BIOL S-113: Study Abroad at Oxford: not moving—are eager to start using the Gonzalo Giribet Darwin and Contemporary Evolutionary shared facilities,” said Linda Ford, Director of than a million specimens in anticipation Biology Collections Operations. of the move. “It’s been quite a bit of work, Naomi E. Pierce (and Andrew Berry) but we’re nearly done. We’ve cleaned a lot The history of evolutionary biology in the OEB 51: Biology and Evolution of of the specimens, finding that some of the Invertebrate Animals post-Darwinian world, following strands of lesser-used ones were black from the days of thought either introduced or ignored by coal-burning furnaces, and made repairs to Darwin in On the Origin of Species through to Environmental Science the present. stabilize specimens as needed.” and Public Policy Cundiff is also acting Curatorial Associate for ESPP 90f: Global Change and Human Vertebrate Paleontology and will soon turn Health (undergraduate) James J. McCarthy (and Paul R. Epstein) her attention to preparing that collection. Explores hypothesized linkages between She expects that Vertebrate Paleontology’s changes in ecosystems, climate and the approximately 100,000 specimens of larger, epidemiology of certain infectious diseases heavier will take one to two years to get resulting from increasing human population ready—right on schedule for their move. and our consumption of natural resources. Solnhofen specimen before and “The new prep lab space will have many after repair ESPP 90q: Conservation and Evolution (undergraduate) additional pieces of equipment—a dust Jonathan Losos collector, fume hood and rock saws—that will Examines the extent to which conservation make our prep and repair work easier and and evolutionary biology need to be safer,” said Cundiff. “We’re really looking OEB 155r: Biology of Insects integrated to preserve the world’s Mark Renczkowski forward to it.” biological diversity. 10 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 11 COLLECTIONS COLLECTIONS

New Cryogenic Collection New Ichthyology Specimen Tanks Database Update The MCZ collections of genetic material— Many MCZ specimens are stored in fluid, The multi-year migration of all legacy tissue samples for DNA and RNA extraction— including most aquatic invertebrates, fishes, collections databases to the master museum- have been housed in frozen storage in amphibians and reptiles. During recent wide database, MCZbase, has been collections and labs all around the MCZ, collections renovations, the MCZ purchased completed. Data entry from the original complicating tracking and sending curatorial 123 custom-designed three-foot stainless specimen ledgers and catalogues is nearly staff scrambling during power outages. steel tanks to replace many old steel-lined completed as well, and the scanning of these To provide a more accessible and reliable wooden tanks, some dating back to the resources is almost finished. Once linked to system for the storage and preservation of Agassiz years. Multiple new oversized tanks MCZbase, researchers will be able to call up this material, a Cryogenic Collection is being were also purchased, some of which can a specimen record and view the image of the

created to centralize sample storage from hold specimens up to 12 feet long, such as original ledger page where it was recorded. Rodney Eastwood across the MCZ in liquid nitrogen-cooled sharks, marlin, ocean sunfish Mola( mola), The MCZ Lepidoptera Rapid Data Capture to researchers around the world, but also cryovats. grouper and other large spiny fishes. Project will produce the first Entomology provides a valuable resource for research into Breda Zimkus, the Cryogenic Collection collection to be represented in MCZbase. wing shape and color patterning,” Project Manager, has been working on During the past twelve months, thirty-three said Naomi Pierce, Curator of Lepidoptera converting former collection storage space undergraduate students and volunteer and Hessel Professor of Biology. in the MCZ Labs in the building’s basement. interns have contributed to this effort, The protocols developed for the butterfly The space is nearly completed and the including photographing and collection will be adapted to image and institution’s first liquid nitrogen cryovats will transcribing data in the collection room. database other taxa in the insect collections, be delivered in September 2011. “For our According to project manager Rod Eastwood, starting with the large and important MCZ purposes, cryovats are the superior choice butterfly data capture has now reached the ant collection. because the colder the storage, the longer the halfway mark, with approximately 100,000 sample remains viable for genetic research,” In other developments, MCZbase is currently butterfly specimens and labels imaged. explained Zimkus. “The three cryovats will feeding all of its specimen photos into the A quarter of these have pin label data accommodate 40,000 samples each, enough Encyclopedia of Life, and the MCZ has Linda Ford transcribed into the Lepidoptera database in space for our existing collections with room contributed specimen data to 4,278 EOL Karsten Hartel and Andrew Williston preparation for uploading to MCZbase. for growth—and we have floor space for species pages to date. MCZbase is now also one or two more.” All of the centrally stored “Digitizing the butterfly collection and calling out to Berkeley Mapper to gather Karsten Hartel, Curatorial Associate for samples will be barcoded for easy access, making the images available online not only data to create point distribution maps with Ichthyology, explained, “The large specimens resulting in a more efficient workflow that makes the collection immediately accessible GoogleMaps and other applications. The MCZ Lepidoptera Rapid Data in the MCZ Ichthyology collection date back to will free up collections staff and improve Capture Project the 1800s and are scientifically valuable in part the handling of the samples. According to because many museums don’t have facilities Zimkus, “The facility is designed to support to keep fishes of this size.” For example, the the work of all the scientific staff at the MCZ.” collection contains the heads of a basking shark During planning, Zimkus discovered that and a manta ray, each weighing around 250 while there were many options in designing pounds. Specimens of these species, and of this a cryogenic facility, there were no right size, are very rare in collections. answers for every circumstance and little “As large fishes continue to disappear from published information to help evaluate the the world’s waters, it is imperative that options. To help rectify this deficiency, she museums be able to house representative received a grant to develop best practices for large specimens for future anatomical and genetic resource collections associated with systematic studies. Our new tanks ensure that natural history museums. She expects to we will be able to add critical large specimens share her results at the 2012 annual meeting to our collection and to maintain them in of the Society for the Preservation of Natural good condition for years to come,” said History Collections and eventually publish to George Lauder, Curator of Ichthyology and assist others in the field. Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology. Gabe Miller

12 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 13 MCZ NEWS MCZ NEWS: RESEARCH

MCZ Research Making Headlines Lolita and Lepidoptera Biomechanics and Fluid Dynamics

In 1945, Vladimir Nabokov, renowned hypothesis that the species diverged upon When moving through water, fishes with the entire volume of water being author of Lolita and lifelong lepidopterist, the breakup of ancient Gondwanaland 80 to flexible fins must continually react to the moved in each of multiple sequential proposed a revolutionary theory 100 million years ago—was correct. surrounding fluid to maintain stability and photographic images. regarding the butterflies he studied, the The team’s research determined that steady forward movement. Until recently, the Polyommatus blues. Without any means main method of analyzing fish wakes—and Flammang, an MCZ more sophisticated than a microscope, he the butterflies arrived in postdoctoral fellow at the approximately 11 million years ago, within therefore the movement and force applied described a bold new theory of how and to the water by the fins—has been limited Lauder lab, discovered that when the blues arrived in the New World. In the time frame postulated by Nabokov, when the dorsal and anal fins make the Bering land bridge still existed and to two-dimensional techniques, which have the intervening years, however, few scientists left considerable room for error. In research a great contribution to the temperatures were favorable for the relatively tail fin wake, and thus are seriously considered his hypothesis. published in Biology Letters, Brooke Flammang warm-adapted butterflies to disperse to South additional propellers, not In his paper, Nabokov, a de facto curator America. Moreover, they found that Nabokov and colleagues used a novel 3D laser imaging technique to instantly capture the interaction merely stabilizers. Scientists of Lepidoptera at the MCZ, described the correctly predicted the sequence of the have known that the dorsal migration of Polyommatus blues from Asia subsequent four waves of migration that gave between fishes and their environment. The research was designed to test assumptions and anal fins are important over the Bering Strait in five waves, each rise to the groups of these butterflies that we for balance, but have only giving rise to a separate New World group. now see in . The ancestors of made under two-dimensional methods and to examine the interaction between the now been able to show that Using genetic sequencing of newly collected each of these groups were increasingly cold- they also play a significant role samples, Naomi Pierce and her colleagues adapted, matching the cooling temperatures dorsal and anal fin wake and the tail fin, in locomotion. Brooke Flammang set out to reconstruct the family tree of occurring across the Bering Straits. Thus, which has been technically difficult to do with Nabokov’s blues in research that spanned more than 65 years later, Nabokov’s traditional imaging approaches. Flammang also used volumetric imaging to A novel 3D imaging technique uses a pulse laser to capture the displacement examine shark tail hydrodynamics in research eight years and involved six expeditions to revolutionary theory regarding the migration On a “treadmill for fish,” four bluegill of plastic particles in a flow tank. to be published in the Andes to collect the necessary species. and evolution of his beloved blues has been sunfish Lepomis( macrochirus) and a cichlid Proceedings of the Royal proved to be astonishingly accurate. Society B. The team used a technique called a fish Pseudotropheus( greshakei) swam singly in “molecular clock” to determine how long Vila R, Bell CD, Macniven R, Goldman-Huertas B, Ree RH, a recirculating flow tank seeded with plastic Flammang BE, Lauder GV, Troolin, DR, Strand TE ago the various New World species of Marchall CR, Bálint Z, Johnson K, Benyamini D, Pierce NE particles suspended in the flow. A pulse laser (2011) Volumetric imaging of fish locomotion.Biol Lett Polyommatus blues evolved. This dating (2011) Phylogeny and palaeoecology of Polyommatus blue illuminated the fluid downstream of the 7:695-698. would indicate which of the competing butterflies show Beringia was a climate-regulated gateway swimming fish, and the particle position and Flammang BE, Lauder GV, Troolin DR, Strand TE theories—including an alternative to the New World. Proc Roy Soc B 278:2737-2744. displacements were captured by a camera (2011) Volumetric imaging of shark tail hydrodynamics Vlad Dinca and calculated using software. With the reveals a three-dimensional dual-ring vortex wake new system, researchers are able to analyze structure. Proc Roy Soc B 278:3670-3678. Revealing the Role of Seasons in Biodiversity

Earth’s biodiversity is higher in the tropics, The researchers discovered that the ancient Tongue Tales: How Dogs Lap but why? Is diversity fostered by increased light Canadian site’s insect diversity is similar Have you ever watched a dog lapping water Using high-speed light videos and and heat, or by lower variation in seasonal to that of the modern Costa Rican forest, and wondered how the liquid gets into X-ray videos, A.W. Crompton and temperatures? In research published in despite a marked difference in latitude, its mouth? To a casual observer, the dog’s Catherine Musinsky recorded a Paleobiology, Brian Farrell worked with his suggesting that lower variation in seasonal tongue seems to curl under and make a dog lapping broth. The videos former student and MCZ Associate Bruce temperatures—rather than heat or light— spoon shape, leading some to conclude that show that when the dog dipped its Archibald and colleagues to seek the answer drives increased biodiversity. dogs scoop up liquid with the underside tongue into the broth, it did scoop in deep, geologic time. Up through the Eocene epoch—when most of their tongues. Cats, however, pull water liquid into a spoon-shaped area They compared insect diversity at two modern of today’s organisms were diversifying—the into their mouths using the upper surface on the underside of its tongue. locations—the Harvard Forest Ecological world lacked pronounced seasonality, much of their tongues. Since the oral cavities However, when the tongue was Research Site, a temperate forest with high like today’s tropics. Interestingly, the findings of cats and dogs are similarly structured, withdrawn, the liquid fell out. seasonality, and a Costa Rican tropical forest indicate that, in the present day, it is not the this lapping mechanism shouldn’t be Instead, a column of liquid was with high levels of light and heat but low heat of the tropics that promotes diversity, fundamentally different. So how, really, drawn up on the surface of the seasonality—with the exceptionally well- but the seasons of the higher-latitude does water get to the dog’s mouth? tongue and then trapped in the mouth as the jaw closed—just preserved insects of the McAbee fossil bed in temperate zone that depresses diversity. It has been shown that when cats lap, they British Columbia. When the McAbee fossils as in cats. Their findings were Archibald SB, Bossert WH, Greenwood DR, Farrell BD curl their tongue backwards until it comes were created 52.9 million years ago, Earth’s published online in Biology Letters. (2010) Seasonality, the latitudinal gradient of diversity, and to rest on, but does not penetrate, the climate was far less seasonal at all latitudes, Eocene insects. Paleobiology 36:374-398. surface of the liquid. Then as the cat lifts its Crompton AW, Musinsky C (2011) How allowing tropical species such as palm trees and tongue, liquid is drawn up into the mouth dogs lap: ingestion and intraoral transport crocodiles to live in what is now the high Arctic. on the upper surface of the tongue. in Canis familiaris. Biol Lett 7:882-884.

14 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 15 MCZ NEWS: RESEARCH MCZ NEWS

Projects & Initiatives Designer Genes Encyclopedia of Life

Survival in the wild can be embryonic activity can also make a profound The second version of the Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org) determined by how well an difference in the distribution of pigments debuted on September 5, 2011. The free, online collaborative animal’s coloration hides it across the entire body. Their findings were resource is vastly expanded, offering information on more from predators. However, published in Science. than one-third of all known species on Earth. EOL Version 2 the genetic mechanisms (EOLv2) features a new design and tools that make it easy for Beyond color patterning, this study that create color patterns users to find organisms and create personalized collections of highlights how even small changes in have been little understood. Agouti photos and information. Marie Manceau and Hopi E. gene expression in embryos can establish a Hoekstra used two populations completely new color pattern in adults. In As an EOL cornerstone institution, Harvard University of deer mice, each differently deer mice, natural selection drives changes in is extensively involved in building EOL. The MCZ-based adapted to be camouflaged in the amount and place of Agouti expression, EOL Learning + Education Group has initiated several (www.eol.org/ their particular environment, which in turn results in new color patterns new collections of Harvard contributions that can camouflage animals from predators collections/5923). These collections include LifeDesks to show how the Agouti gene Gisele Kawauchi plays a key developmental role in habitats ranging from dark forests to sandy created by the MCZ’s EOL Fellows, and Breda Zimkus in color pattern evolution. beaches. ; field guides customized for the Harvard Museum of Natural History exhibitions; and podcasts by E.O. Manceau and Hoekstra plan to continue The color pattern in deer Wilson and others. In addition, Harvard undergraduates

Stephanie Mitchell their research with animals having more mice—a dark back and a light have created species accounts as part of their biology courses complex color patterns, such as chipmunks, Marie Manceau (left) and Hopi Hoekstra belly—is the most typical in and published them to EOL via Education LifeDesks, The group is also tasked to work with stakeholders to better to determine if the same pre-patterning vertebrates. The researchers found that the Mushroom Observer and AmphibiaWeb. understand and develop new ways that EOL can be integrated mechanisms seen in deer mice are also expression of the Agouti gene in the belly of into biodiversity learning. To better understand and prioritize the developing fetus delays the maturation of involved. The MCZ has contributed data from its ten research EOL’s core functionality, the Learning + Education Group departments to 4,278 EOL species pages, and MCZbase, sponsored two workshops to gather requirements from EOL cells that will eventually produce pigments, Manceau M, Domingues VS, Mallarino R, Hoekstra HE the museum-wide specimen database, is currently feeding and thus the development of color, in that (2011) The developmental role of Agouti in color pattern users and partners. In September 2010, 20 representatives of all of its specimen photos into EOL. The MCZ’s Ernst area of the body. In addition, the researchers evolution. Science 331:1062-1065. museums, nature centers, zoos, aquariums and other settings found that subtle changes in the gene’s Mayr Library belongs to the Biodiversity Heritage Library, in the U.S. and abroad attended Using EOL in Public Exhibits to whose members have scanned around 35 million pages of explore ways in which EOL, through its content and associated biodiversity literature and made them available to users tools and services, can be used to support and enhance the Physical Evolution Keeps Pace with Ecological Opportunity worldwide through EOL. visitor experience in informal science institutions. During the International EOL Learning and Education Workshop (March 31– Adaptive radiation—where a single ancestral To investigate the relationship between April 1, 2011), representatives of EOL regional partners from the species gives rise to many descendants, ecological opportunity and morphological Arab region, Australia, , Costa Rica, The Netherlands and each adapted to a different part of the evolution, D. Luke Mahler, Jonathan B. Losos discussed the goals, opportunities and challenges of Luke Mahler environment—is possibly the single most and colleagues employed genetic methods working together and the EOL content, tools and services needed important source of biodiversity in the and data from body measurements of around to advance biodiversity learning worldwide. world. One of the best-studied examples 100 species of Caribbean anoles from , In another international initiative, the Learning + Education of adaptive radiation is the Anolis lizards, Hispaniola, Jamaica and Puerto Rico. Group received a grant from the David Rockefeller Center which arrived in the islands of the Caribbean They found that the earliest species with for Latin American Studies to help implement Cyberhives, around 40 million years ago from South an online Spanish-language educational program developed America and evolved into numerous species the greatest resources and little or no competition developed the widest variety of by the National Biodiversity Institute of Costa Rica (INBio). of dramatically differing body sizes and limb In 2010, INBio became an EOL regional partner to serve lengths. body types and sizes—from foot-long giants that travel the treetops to slender lizards that Central American species information in Spanish. Cyberhives In theory, ecological opportunity—the live in bushes. But as the number of Anolis is an online project that uses science and technology to availability of resources, such as food and species increased and their ecological niches encourage and support middle school children to learn territory, and the amount of competition became smaller, the resulting adaptations in about biodiversity in their own communities. With the for those resources—is the primary factor body type slowed and became more subtle. Central American EOL portal in place, it will be possible The EOL Learning + Education Group (education.eol.org) regulating the pace of species diversification, The research was published in Evolution. to implement Cyberhives in other countries in the region. is charged with developing tools to facilitate the use of EOL’s so the rate of diversification should slow as The grant will enable participants from EOL’s Learning + Mahler DL, Revell LJ, Glor RE, Losos JB (2010) Ecological data. Their Field Guide tool, currently in beta testing, is a way opportunity declines. However, does this Education Group, INBio (Costa Rica) and the Ministries of opportunity and the rate of morphological evolution in

Luke Mahler to organize species information for a particular project. For theory also hold true for the diversification Education and non-governmental organizations in Panama, the diversification of Greater Antillean anoles.Evolution example, a field guide was made for a species inventory in of body size and shape? Nicaragua and El Salvador to develop a plan to implement 64:2731-2745. Harvard Yard. and test the Cyberhives learning model regionally.

16 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 17 MCZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES MCZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES

Zofnass Family Gallery Debuts with New England Forests Exhibition Quality Control for Species-Occurrence Data

The generous gift of Paul J. MCZ Director James Hanken is the principal This process, however, has highlighted Zofnass, Harvard alumnus and investigator for “Filtered Push: Continuous the frequency of problems regarding the member of the MCZ Faculty Quality Control for Distributed Collections accuracy, completeness, consistency of governing board, has made & Other Species-Occurrence Data.” The representation and timeliness of those data. possible a new gallery and National Science Foundation awarded Accordingly, researchers often are uncertain exhibition at the Harvard the three-year, $1.6 million grant in fall about whether these data are suitable for use Museum of Natural History. 2010. Paul Morris, Biodiversity Informatics in their work. The largest donation in the Manager, will be leading efforts on the behalf museum’s history has created of the MCZ. Data quality and fitness for use will be the Zofnass Family Gallery and addressed through Filtered Push Continuous Species-occurrence data associated with Quality Control software, which allows the permanent exhibition New Catherine Weisel biological collections—which species was data providers and consumers to define England Forests, both of which debuted on May 21, 2011. observed at a geographic location at a given potential errors in data, develop metrics time—have historically been used mainly for those errors, analyze distributed data to

New England Forests explores Patrick Rodgers by taxonomists. With the advent of digital detect potential errors, and close the quality the natural history and ecology Paul Zofnass and family at the Gallery’s opening. From left: aggregation technologies these data have management cycle by sending corrections of the regional forests, their responses to sister Joan Zofnass, daughter Rebecca Zofnass, Paul Zofnass become readily available for many other back to the curators of the original data sets. human activity and their environmental and wife Renee Ring. uses, such as modeling species distributions significance. The exhibition highlights three and assessing the effects of climate change The project will specifically benefit aggregators that serve species-occurrence facets of the region’s woodlands—the forest Curatorial staff from the ornithology on biological diversity. primeval, the transitional forest and the data to the public and other research and mammalogy collections helped Through aggregation, large quantities of domains, such as the Encyclopedia of Life New England wetland habitat—and the rich select specimens that would accurately natural history collections of the Museum species-occurrence data can be gathered and the Global Biodiversity Information reflect the fauna found in New England simultaneously from many distributed sources. Facility. of Comparative Zoology are featured in all forest habitats. “Given the incredible three forest landscapes. diversity of bird species and specimens to choose from, we wanted to ensure Linking Field Notes to Specimens and Published Literature that the exhibit displayed familiar but key species found in those habitats,” said The California Academy of Sciences is Brewster’s ornithological studies in and Jeremiah Trimble, Curatorial Associate in partnering with the MCZ’s Ernst Mayr Library around Cambridge. The collection comprises Ornithology. Specimens from the MCZ and Ornithology department along with other more than 1,850 specimens collected by collections include current and former natural history institutions to develop a system Brewster, 2,800 specimens he acquired and forest residents—moose, caribou, wolves, for integrating biological researchers’ field 9,000 pages of archival materials, including foxes, skunks, porcupines, hawks and and specimen notes with the corresponding field notebooks, correspondence, manuscripts woodpeckers—as well as invasive species museum specimens and electronically and photographs. The entire body of work such as coyotes. published literature. The project will provide will present Brewster’s detailed observations, enhanced and integrated access to biological pioneering studies, notes and assertions The exhibition conveys current research data that will serve a wide variety of users and about living nature—particularly birds—as he about how forest communities work, cycle connect to other ongoing projects, such as the understood them. water and carbon, interact with climate Biodiversity Heritage Library. and respond to invasive species, drawing Inclusion of Brewster’s unpublished Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library, Special Collections on the expertise of evolutionary biologists, As a part of a larger grant from the U.S. observations and writings will enhance William Brewster, 1883 botanists, ecologists and system scientists Institute of Museum and Library Services, the contemporary ornithological studies. As the from across the University to tell the forest’s MCZ has been awarded funds to pursue the specimens and notebooks are scanned and story. Visitors are encouraged to observe pilot project: “Archives and Specimens from cataloged or entered into a database, the and “read” the local landscape for clues the Birds of the Cambridge Region by William metadata will be improved by adding digital about its past and to contemplate the Brewster.” tags that will include names (taxonomic challenges and choices we face in planning and personal), dates, localities and other our forests’ future. A curator at the MCZ from 1885 to 1902, contextual information. Once the records are William Brewster published Birds of the complete, the materials will be exported to Multimedia displays in the exhibition will be Cambridge Region in 1906. In the pilot project, the Biodiversity Heritage Library and there updated as new research from the MCZ and the MCZ’s Ornithology department and the linked to the published literature and to others enriches understanding of the forests Ernst Mayr Library will digitize the historical specimen data via the Encyclopedia of Life.

Patrick Rodgers and the organisms that live there. materials and specimens associated with

18 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 19 MCZ NEWS: PROJECTS & INITIATIVES MCZ PUBLICATIONS: 2010

Ernst Mayr Library • Aktipis SW, Giribet G (2010) A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda Gondwanan mite harvestmen (, and other “archaeogastropods”: re-organizing old gastropod Cyphophthalmi, ). J Zool Syst clades. Invertebr Biol 129:220-240 Evol Res 48:294-309 In 1861, the MCZ’s library was founded • Archibald SB, Bossert WH, Greenwood DR, Farrell BD • de Bivort B, Giribet G (2010) A when Louis Agassiz purchased Belgian (2010) Seasonality, the latitudinal gradient of diversity, and systematic revision of the South African paleontologist Laurent Guillaume de Eocene insects. Paleobiology 36:374-398 Pettalidae (Arachnida: Opiliones: Koninck’s collection of books. Together Cyphophthalmi) based on a combined • Balakrishnan CN, Ekblom R, Völker M, Westerdahl H, analysis of discrete and continuous with much of Agassiz’s own private Kotkiewicz H, Godinez R, Burt DW, Graves T, Griffin DK, morphological characters with the collection, these volumes formed the core Warren W, Edwards SV (2010) Gene duplication and description of seven new species. Invertebr fragmentation in the zebra finch major histocompatibility of the new library. Now celebrating 150 Syst 24:371-406 years of information provision, the Ernst complex. BMC Biol 8:29 • Dong H, Bozkurttas M, Mittal Mayr Library has grown to around 300,000 • Barrett RDH, Schluter D (2010) Clarifying mechanisms R, Madden P, Lauder GV (2010) of evolution in stickleback using field studies of natural volumes of books and journals and is an Computational modeling and analysis selection on genes. In In Search of the Causes of Evolution: Field integral part of the MCZ. “The Library is of the hydrodynamics of a highly Observations to Mechanisms (Grant P, Grant R, eds) 332-346. deformable fish pectoral fin.J Fluid Mech a key historical zoological collection that Press: Princeton, NJ has evolved along with the MCZ and has a Constance Rinaldo 645:345-373 • Barrett RDH (2010) Adaptive evolution of lateral plates Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library vibrant digitization program contributing • Edgecombe GD, Bonato L, Giribet G This digitization effort is important for in stickleback: A case study in functional analysis of natural (2010) Brooding in Mecistocephalus to the Biodiversity Heritage Library,” taxonomists, who traditionally had to variation. J Fish Biol 77:311-328 explained Constance Rinaldo, Librarian of togensis (Geophilomorpha: travel extensively to physically access • Berg AM, Biewener AA (2010) Wing and body kinematics Placodesmata) and the evolution the Ernst Mayr Library. “The Library, with the literature, and especially valuable to of takeoff and landing flight in the pigeon Columba( livia). of parental care in centipedes the merger of the Biological Laboratories scientists around the world who may not J Exp Biol 213:1651-1658 (Chilopoda). Int J Myriapod 3:139-144 Library, is now a key support for life have the means to make these journeys. • Biewener AA, Daniel T (2010) A moving topic: control and • Fisher HS, Hoekstra HE (2010) sciences programs at Harvard.” The BHL scanning effort has produced dynamics of animal locomotion. [guest ed intro] Biol Lett Competition drives cooperation among 6:387-388 closely-related sperm of deer mice. Nature more than 36 million scanned pages of George V. Lauder and colleagues Even with its ongoing scanning efforts, not all 463:801-803 information is available online. People come biodiversity literature to date, and this • Butler AD, Edgecombe GD, Ball AD, Giribet G (2010) contributed “Computational modeling Resolving the phylogenetic position of enigmatic New • Flammang BE (2010) Functional morphology of the from around the world to conduct deep number is continually increasing. BHL and analysis of the hydrodynamics of a , the latest of several global BHL Guinea and Scutigeromorpha (Chilopoda): a radialis muscle in shark tails. J Morphol 271:340-352 highly deformable fish pectoral fin” to research using the Library’s historic volumes molecular and morphological assessment of Ballonemini. the Journal of Fluid Mechanics. • Gable MF, Lazo-Wasem EA, Baldinger AJ (2010) The and artifacts. “In this increasingly fast-paced, efforts, was launched December 1, 2010. Invertebr Syst 24:539-559 biodiversidade.scielo.br/php/index.php Amphipoda of Bermuda—A century of taxonomy. Zool digital world it is easy to lose sight of the • Carlson RL, Lauder GV (2010) Living on the bottom: Baetica 21:131-141 Courtesy of the Ernst Mayr Library significance of a comfortable library space, kinematics of benthic station-holding in darter fishes In recognition of the work in building the • Giribet G (2010) A new dimension in (Percidae: Etheostomatinae). J Morphol 271:25-35 opportunities for browsing serendipitously digital library, the BHL was awarded the combining data? The use of morphology and and the tactile value of an important, yet John Thackray Medal in 2010 by the Society • Castillo-Ramírez S, Liu L, Pearl D, Edwards SV (2010) phylogenomic data in metazoan systematics. beautiful, scientific work,” said Rinaldo. for the History of Natural History. The Bayesian estimation of species trees: a practical guide to Acta Zool (Stockholm) 91:11-19 optimal sampling and analysis. In Estimating Species Trees: • Giribet G, Boyer SL (2010) ‘Moa’s Ark’ The Ernst Mayr Library is one of the John Thackray medal recognizes significant Practical and Theoretical Aspects (Knowles LL, Kubatko LS, eds) or ‘Goodbye ’: Is the origin of founding members of the Biodiversity achievements in the history or bibliography 15-33. Wiley-Blackwell: New Jersey of natural history, specifically “making ’s terrestrial invertebrate fauna Heritage Library (BHL), a group of • Chuong EB, Tong W, Hoekstra HE (2010) Maternal-fetal ancient, recent, or both? Invertebr Syst 24:1-8 organizations making biodiversity available … collections and/or information conflict: rapidly evolving proteins in the rodent placenta.Mol • Giribet G, Shear WA (2010) The genus in new and novel ways.” Biol Evol 27:1221-1225 literature openly available via the Internet. Latreille, 1796 (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, • Clouse RM, Giribet G (2010) When Thailand was an ), in North America with a International Congress on Invertebrate Morphology island—the phylogeny and biogeography of mite harvestmen phylogenetic analysis based on molecular (Opiliones, Cyphophthalmi, Stylocellidae) in Southeast Asia. data and the description of four new species. J Biogeogr 37:1114-1130 Bulletin of the MCZ 160:1-33 In June 2011, the MCZ More than 230 delegates from 23 countries • Collar DC, Schulte II JA, O’Meara BC, Losos JB (2010) • Giribet G, Vogt L, Pérez González A, and the Department of gathered to hear presentations and engage Habitat use affects morphological diversification in dragon Sharma P, Kury AB (2010) A multilocus Organismic and Evolutionary in discussions related to invertebrate form, lizards. J Evol Biol 23:1033-1049 approach to harvestman (Arachnida: Opiliones) phylogeny with emphasis Biology hosted the second function and development. Speakers • Collin R, Giribet G (2010) Report of a cohesive gelatinous on biogeography and the systematics of egg mass produced by a tropical marine bivalve. Invertebr Biol International Congress on included Christopher Laumer and Alicia . Cladistics 26:408-437 Invertebrate Morphology. Pérez-Porro, graduate students in the 129:165-171 • Goodbody-Gringley G, Vollmer SV, Invertebrates—including Giribet lab. Adam Baldinger, Curatorial • Crompton AW, Owerkowicz T, Skinner J (2010) Masticatory Woollacott RM, Giribet G (2010) Limited motor pattern in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus): a sponges, flatworms, insects, Associate of Invertebrate Zoology, Gonzalo gene flow in the brooding coralFavia fragum comparison of jaw movements in marsupial and placental

Katherine C. Cohen clams, snails and other Giribet, and postdocs Marta Novo, Ana (Esper, 1897). Mar Biol 157:2591-2601 herbivores. J Exp Zool 313:564-578 In the Journal of Morphology, non-vertebrate life—include Riesgo, Sonia Andrade and Alexander • Gottlieb JR, Tangorra JL, Esposito CJ, Lauder GV (2010) • DaSilva MB, Pinto-da-Rocha R, Giribet G (2010) Canga George V. Lauder and RL Carlson around 1.2 million described species and Ziegler presented posters at the event. A biologically derived pectoral fin for yaw turn maneuvers. renatae, a new genus and species of Cyphophthalmi from published “Living on the bottom: 96% of the total known animal diversity. Appl Bionics Biomech 7:41-55 In addition to the presentations, attendees Brazilian Amazon caves (Opiliones: Neogoveidae). Zootaxa kinematics of benthic station- Gonzalo Giribet is the incoming president holding in darter fishes (Percidae: were invited to examine special collections 2508:45-55 • Hagey TJ, Losos JB, Harmon LJ (2010) Cruise foraging of the International Society of Invertebrate of invasive chameleons (Chamaeleo jacksonii xantholophus) in Etheostomatinae).” at the MCZ and the Ernst Mayr Library and • de Bivort B, Clouse RM, Giribet G (2010) A Morphology, which organized the event. Hawai’i. Breviora 519:1-22 view the Blaschka glass sea creatures. morphometrics-based phylogeny of the temperate 20 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 21 MCZ PUBLICATIONS: 2010 MCZ PUBLICATIONS: 2010

• Hanken J (2010) The Encyclopedia of Life: a new digital • Leal M, Losos JB (2010) Communication and speciation. • Phelan C, Tangorra JL, Lauder GV, Hale M (2010) A mechanisms: evidence from V1aR in deer mice. Mol Biol Evol resource for taxonomy. In Systema Naturae 250: The Linnaean Nature 467:159-160 biorobotic model of the sunfish pectoral fin for investigations 27:1269-1278 Ark (Polaszek A, ed) 127-135. Taylor & Francis: Boca Raton of fin sensorimotor control.Bioinspir Biomim 5:035003 • Lentink D, Biewener AA (2010) Nature inspired flight— • Tytell ED, Borazjani I, Sotiropoulos F, Baker TV, Anderson • Harmon LJ, Losos JB, Davies TJ, Gillespie RG, et al (2010) beyond the leap. [guest ed intro] Bioinspir Biomim 5:1-9 • Pilsk SC, Person MA, deVeer JM, Furfey JF, Kalfatovic E J, Lauder GV (2010) Disentangling the functional roles of Early bursts of body size and shape evolution are rare in MR (2010) The Biodiversity Heritage Library: Advancing morphology and motion in fish swimming.Integr Comp Biol • Linnen C, Farrell BD (2010) A test of the sympatric host comparative data. Evolution 64:2385-2396 Metadata Practices in a Collaborative Digital Library. J Libr 50:1140-1154 race formation hypothesis in Neodiprion (: Metadata 10:136-155 • Hoekstra HE (2010) Evolutionary Biology: the next 150 ). Proc Roy Soc B 277:3131-3138 • Vignieri SN, Larson J, Hoekstra HE years. In Evolution Since Darwin: The First 150 Years (Bell MA, • Puerta P, Andrade SCS, Junoy J (2010) Redescription of (2010) The selective advantage of cryptic • Liu L, Yu L, Edwards SV (2010) A maximum pseudo- Futuyma DA, Eanes WF, Levinton JS, eds) 631-656. Sinauer Lineus acutifrons Southern, 1913 Nemertea: Pilidiophora) and coloration in mice. Evolution 64:2153-2158 likelihood approach for estimating species trees under the Press: Sunderland, MA comments on its phylogenetic position. J Nat Hist 44:37-40 coalescent model. BMC Evol Biol 10:302 • Vogt L, Bartolomaeus T, Giribet G (2010) • Hoekstra HE (2010) In search of the elusive behavior gene. • Riesgo A, Pérez-Portela R, Arroyo NL (2010) Halacarid The linguistic problem of morphology: • Losos JB, ed (2010) In the Light of Evolution: Lessons from the In In Search of the Causes of Evolution: From Field Observations to mites associated with a North-Atlantic population of the kelp Structure versus homology and the Laboratory and Field. Ben Roberts Publishers: Colorado Mechanisms (Grant PR, Grant BR, Laminaria ochroleuca. J Nat Hist 44:651-657 standardization of morphological data. eds) 192-210. Princeton University • Losos JB (2010) Adaptive radiation, ecological opportunity, Cladistics 26:301-325 • Riesgo, A (2010) Phagocytosis of sperm by follicle cells of Press: Princeton, NJ and evolutionary determinism. Am Nat 175:623-639 the carnivorous sponge Asbestopluma occidentalis (Porifera, • Vollmar A, Macklin JA, Ford LS (2010) • Hubbard JK, Uy JAC, Hauber • Losos JB (2010) A tale of two radiations: similarities and Demospongiae). Tissue Cell 42:198-201 Natural history specimen digitization: ME, Hoekstra HE, Safran RJ differences in the evolutionary diversification of Darwin’s challenges and concerns. Biodiversity • Rinaldo C, Norton C (2010) The Biodiversity Heritage (2010) Vertebrate pigmentation: finches and Greater AntilleanAnolis lizards. In In Search of Informatics 7:93-112 Library: an expanding international collaboration. In from underlying genes to adaptive the Causes of Evolution: From Field Observations to Mechanisms. Confluence of Ideas: Evolving to meet the Challenges of Global • Warren WC, Balakrishnan CN, Backström function. Trends Genet 26:231-239 (Grant PR, Grant BR, eds) 309-331. Princeton University Change, Proceedings of the 35th IAMSLIC Brugges, Belgium 2009 N, Edwards SV, et al (2010) The genome of Press: Princeton, NJ • Huey RB, Losos JB, Moritz C (Barr D, ed) 115-122. IAMSLIC: Newport, OR a songbird. Nature 464:757-762 (2010) Are lizards toast? Science • Losos JB, Mahler DL (2010) Adaptive radiation: the • Rivera-Rivera NL, Martinez-Rivera N, Torres-Vazquez I, • Weber JN, et al (2010) Five hundred 328:832-833 interaction of ecological opportunity, adaptation, and Serrano-Velez JL, Lauder GV, Rosa-Molinar E (2010) A microsatellite markers for Peromyscus. speciation. In Evolution Since Darwin: The First 150 Years (Bell • Hull JM, Mindell DP, Talbot SL, male poecillid’s sexually dimorphic body plan, behavior, and Conserv Genet 11:1243-1246 MA, Futuyma DA, Eanes WF, Levinton JS, eds) 381-420. Kay EH, Hoekstra HE, Ernest nervous system. Integr Comp Biol 50:1081-1090 Sinauer Press: Sunderland, MA • Weiser MD, Sanders NJ, Agosti D, Janda HB (2010) Population structure • Robinson GE, Banks JA, Padilla DK, Burggren WW, M et al (2010) Canopy and litter ant and plumage polymorphism: • Mahler DL, Herrel A, Losos JB, eds (2010) Anolis Newsletter Cohen CS, Delwiche CF, Funk V, Hoekstra HE, et al (2010) assemblages share similar climate-species the intraspecific evolutionary VI. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University: Empowering 21st century biology. BioScience 60:923-930 density relationships. Biol Lett 6:769-772 relationships of a polymorphic Cambridge, MA raptor. BMC Evol Biol 10:224 • Rodriguez Schettino L, Losos JB, Hertz PE, et al (2010) • Weyl EG, Frederickson ME, Yu DW, • Mahler DL, Revell LJ, Glor RE, Losos JB (2010) Ecological The anoles of Soroa: aspects of their ecological relationships. Pierce NE (2010) Economic contract theory tests models of • Janes DE, Organ CL, Fujita MK, opportunity and the rate of morphological evolution in the In the cover story of Evolution, Breviora 520:1-22 mutualism. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:15712-15716 Shedlock AM, Edwards SV (2010) diversification of Greater Antillean anoles. Evolution 64:2731-2745 D. Luke Mahler, Jonathan B. Genome Evolution in Reptilia, the • Roman J, McCarthy JJ (2010) The whale pump: marine • Willemart RH, Giribet G (2010) A scanning electron Losos and colleagues published • Maldonado M, Riesgo A, Bucci A, Rützler K (2010) Sister Group of Mammals. Annu Rev mammals enhance primary productivity in a coastal basin. microscopic survey of the cuticle in Cyphophthalmi “Ecological opportunity and the rate Revisiting silicon budgets at a tropical continental shelf: Silica Genom Hum Genet 11:239-264 PLoS ONE 5:e13255 (Arachnida, Opiliones) with the description of novel sensory of morphological evolution in the standing stocks in sponges surpass those in diatoms. Limnol and glandular structures. Zoomorphology 129:175-183 diversification of Greater Antillean • Johnson CH (2010) Effects Oceanogr 55:2001-2010 • Rosenblum EB, Römpler H, Schöneberg T, Hoekstra HE anoles.” Mahler received the R. A. of selfing on offspring survival (2010) White lizards on white sands: the molecular and • Wilson NG, Rouse GW, Giribet G (2010) Assessing • Manceau M, Domingues V, Linnen CR, Rosenblum EB, Fisher Prize for an outstanding and reproduction in a colonial functional basis of phenotypic convergence. Proc Natl Acad Sci the molluscan hypothesis Serialia (Monoplacophora + Hoekstra HE (2010) Convergence in pigmentation at Ph. D. dissertation paper published simultaneous hermaphrodite (Bugula stolonifera, Bryozoa). USA 107:2113-2117 Polyplacophora) using novel molecular data. Mol Phylogenet Jonathan B. Losos edited In the Light multiple levels: mutations, genes and function. Phil Trans Roy in Evolution. Biol Bull 219:27-37 Evol 54:187-193 of Evolution: Essays from the Laboratory Soc B 365:2439-2450 • Schick S, Zimkus BM, Channing A, Kohler J, Lötters S and Field. In addition to Losos, • Johnson CH, Woollacott RM (2010) Larval settlement (2010) Systematics of ‘Little Brown Frogs’ from East Africa: • Wu Y, Jiang K, Hanken J (2010) A new species of of contributors included Hopi Hoekstra • McKenna DD, Farrell BD (2010) 9-genes reinforce the preference maximizes genetic mixing in an inbreeding Recognition of Phrynobatrachus scheffleri and description of the genus () from southwestern and Naomi Pierce from the MCZ and phylogeny of Holometabola and yield alternate views on the population of a simultaneous hermaphrodite (Bugula a new species from the Kakamega Forest, Kenya (Anura: Guangdong, China, with a new northern record of P. Harvard’s Andrew Berry, Janet Browne phylogenetic placement of Strepsiptera. PLoS ONE 5:e11887 stolonifera Bryozoa). Mol Ecol 19:5511-5520 Phrynobatrachidae). Salamandra 46:24-36 longliensis from western Hubei. Zootaxa 2494:45-58 and Daniel Lieberman. • Meegaskumbura MS, Meegaskumbura S, Bowatte G, • Johnson G, Losos JB (2010) The Living World, 6th Ed. • Schluter D, Marchinko KB, Barrett RDH, Rogers SM (2010) • Wu Y, Wang Y, Jiang K, Hanken J (2010) A new newt of Manamendra- Arachchi K, Pethiyagoda R, Hanken J, McGraw-Hill: Boston, MA Natural selection and the genetics of adaptation in threespine the genus Cynops (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Fujian Schneider CJ (2010) Taruga (Anura: Rhacophoridae), a new stickleback. Phil Trans Roy Soc B 365:2479-2486 Province, southeastern China. Zootaxa 2346:42-52 • Johnson MA, Revell LJ, Losos JB (2010) Behavioral genus of foam-nesting tree frogs endemic to . Cey J convergence and adaptive radiation: effects of habitat use on Sci (Bio Sci) 39:75-94 • Sigwart J, Schwabe E, Saito H, Samadi S, Giribet G (2010) • Wu Y, Wang Y, Jiang K, Chen X, Hanken J (2010) territorial behavior in Anolis lizards. Evolution 64:1151-1159 Evolution in the deep sea: a combined analysis of the Homoplastic evolution of external colouration in Asian stout • Murienne J, Edgecombe GD, Giribet G (2010) Including earliest diverging living chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora: (Pachytriton) inferred from molecular phylogeny. Zool • Junoy J, Andrade SCS, Giribet G (2010) Phylogenetic secondary structure, fossils and molecular dating in the Lepidopleurida). Invertebr Syst 24:560-572 Scr 39:9-22 placement of a new hoplonemertean species commensal of centipede tree of life. Mol Phylogenet Evol 57:301-313 ascidians. Invertebr Syst 24:616-629 • Smith HM, Levi HW (2010) Review of the genus Micropoltys • Yamaguchi A, Muñoz MM, Bose TO, Oberlander JG, Smith • Murienne J, Karaman I, Giribet G (2010) Explosive (: Araneae: Araneidae). Arthropod Syst Phyl 68:291-307 S (2010) Sexually distinct development of vocal pathways in • Kawauchi GY, Giribet G (2010) Are there true evolution of an ancient group of Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida: Xenopus laevis. Dev Neurobiol 70:862-874 cosmopolitan sipunculan worms? A genetic variation study Opiliones) in the Balkan Peninsula. J Biogeogr 37:90-102 • Tangorra JL, Lauder GV, Hunter IW, Mittal R, Madden within Phascolosoma perlucens (Sipuncula, Phascolosomatidae). PGA, Bozkurttas M (2010) The effect of fin ray flexural • Zimkus BM, Rödel, MO, Hillers A (2010) Complex patterns • Ord TJ, Stamps JA, Losos JB (2010) Adaptation Mar Biol 157:1417-1431 rigidity on the propulsive forces generated by a biorobotic of continental speciation: molecular phylogenetics and and plasticity of animal communication in fluctuating fish pectoral fin.J Exp Biol 213:4043-4054 biogeography of sub-Saharan puddle frogs (Phrynobatrachus). • Kerney R, Gross JB, Hanken J (2010) Early cranial environments. Evolution 64:3134-3148 Mol Phylogenet Evol 55:883-900 patterning in the direct-developing frog Eleutherodactylus coqui • Tobalske BW, Biewener AA, Warrick DR, Hedrick TL, • Organ CL, Rasmussen M, Baldwin MW, Kellis M, Edwards revealed through gene expression. Evol Dev 12:373–382 Powers DR (2010) Effects of flight speed upon muscle activity • Zimkus BM, Schick S (2010) Light at the end of the tunnel: SV (2010) Phylogenomic approach to the evolutionary in hummingbirds. J Exp Biol 213:2515-2523 insights into the molecular systematics of East African puddle • Kerney R, Hall BK, Hanken J (2010) Regulatory elements dynamics of gene duplication in birds. In Evolution After Gene frogs (Anura: Phrynobatrachidae). Syst Biodivers 8:39-47 of Xenopus col2a1 drive cartilaginous gene expression in Duplication (Dittmar K, Liberles D, eds) 253-267. Wiley & • Turner LM, Young A, Römpler H, Schöneberg T, Phelps S, transgenic frogs. Int J Dev Biol 54:141–150 Sons: Hoboken, NJ Hoekstra HE (2010) Monogamy evolves through multiple 22 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 23 GRANTS

MCZ Grant Recipients Academic Year 2010–2011

Grants-In-Aid of Undergraduate Research (GUR) Putnam Expedition Grants These grants support research by Harvard undergraduates under faculty supervision. Priority Putnam Expedition Grants are intended to support MCZ faculty-curators, postdoctoral is given to projects that utilize MCZ and Harvard University Herbaria (HUH) research fellows and graduate students in collecting specimens and data relating to the study of collections, laboratories and facilities. Support for these grants comes from the MCZ’s comparative zoology. Priority is given to projects that collect living specimens in regions Myvanwy M. and George M. Dick Scholarship for Students and from HUH. where habitats are threatened or fossil specimens in regions most likely to hold important clues for unraveling evolutionary strategies. Recipient Faculty Sponsor Project Title Amount Annabel C. Beichman James J. McCarthy The North Atlantic Right Whale Microbiome $2,300 Recipient MCZ Department Project Title Amount & Peter R. Girguis Project Rowan D. H. Barrett Mammalogy Selection on genes in the wild: An $8,360 Joseph Brancale IV Arkhat Abzhanov Morphological analyses of beak diversity in $1,800 experimental approach to determine the family Thraupidae the influence of ecology on evolutionary processes Andrew H. Chen N. Michele Holbrook Ecology, taxonomy and adaptation of the $1,500 invasive species Myoporum aff. laetum in Maude Baldwin Ornithology Detecting sugar: functional and evolutionary $3,760 California studies of avian sensory perception Natalie L. Jacewicz Jonathan B. Losos Proposal to study feeding and mating $1,795 Gilberto Neves Mammalogy Diversity and adaptation in mouse $5,137 behavior in Anolis lizards with diverse head Bento burrowing behavior shapes: a field study on Cayman Brac Scott V. Edwards Ornithology Diversification and phylogeography of $15,956 Martha Muñoz Thom Sanger Alexander M. Kim Gonzalo Giribet A phylogenetic survey of trans-Isthmian $530 Palearctic birds: an expedition to eastern freshwater prawns: vicariance and invasion at the crossroads of the two Americas Heidi Fisher Mammalogy Adaptive sperm morphology in Peromyscus $5,706 Bianca M. Lec Scott V. Edwards Laying the foundation for study of MHC and $2,424 rodents mate choice in Leach’s storm petrel Gonzalo Giribet Invertebrate Zoology Exploring the South African pettalid diversity $6,474 Kathy S. Lin Naomi E. Pierce The pattern of caterpillar aggregation in a $1,215 Evan Kingsley Mammalogy Uncovering the genetic architecture of $6,320 butterfly/ant mutualism convergent local adaptation in forest deer Kevin H. Lin Hopi E. Hoekstra Evolution of tail length variation in $1,400 mice Peromyscus Sarah Kocher Entomology Genetics of social behavior in Palearctic $4,845 Rowan Barrett Julian Moll-Rocek N. Michele Holbrook Logging and Brazil nut conservation in $1,000 halictids Amazonian Peru Jonathan B. Losos Herpetology Taking advantage of a human introduction $7,370 Linda Y. Pan Hopi E. Hoekstra Ontogeny of burrowing behavior in deer $2,060 to study the genetics and behavioral mice (Peromyscus) significance of anole dewlap color

Riva Riley Saul Nava Effects of environment on learning in fish: a $1,238 Martha Muñoz Herpetology The thermal ecology and evolution $9,710 Sarah Kocher study at Los Amigos field station of Hispaniolan trunk-ground anoles (Squamata: Iguanidae) Hanny E. Rivera Robert M. Woollacott Effects of micro-grazers on the larval $2,500 recruitment and survival of the brooding Jon Sanders Entomology How many bacteria are in canopy ants? $5,900 coral Porites astreoides Quantifying one solution to Tobin’s Paradox Annabel Beichman Elizabeth K. Schold Scott V. Edwards Phylogeographical analysis of North $2,000 Yoel Stuart Herpetology Investigating the genetic basis of dewlap $5,140 American Warbling Vireo (Vireo gilvus) color in Anolis distichus populations Ian Wang Herpetology Modeling environmentally associated $6,450 Guo Xuan Teo Jacques Dumais Elucidating the “trap mechanism” of $1,500 morphological and genetic variation Porroglossum orchids Jesse Weber Mammalogy Examining natural variation in oldfield $5,316 Grace X. Xiong George V. Lauder Senior thesis research on the kinematics $2,500 mouse (Peromyscus polionotus) burrowing and fluid mechanics of anal fin propulsion in behavior the clown fish,Notopterus chitala Breda M. Zimkus Herpetology Proposed expedition to survey the $7,260 Serena Y. Zhao Anne Pringle & Biodiversity of Laboulbeniales $815 herpetofauna of Batéké Plateaux National Naomi E. Pierce Park in southwestern Gabon Total Awards $26,577 Total Awards $103,704 Rowan Barrett Riva Riley

24 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 25 GRANTS GRANTS

Ernst Mayr Travel Grants in Animal Systematics Ernst Mayr Grants support travel for research in animal systematics and are open to the scientific community worldwide. The principal objective of these grants is to stimulate taxonomic work on neglected taxa and/or poorly described species. Ernst Mayr Grants typically facilitate visits to institutional collections, with preference given to research using the MCZ’s collections.

Recipient Institutional Project Title Amount Recipient Institutional Project Title Amount Affiliation Affiliation José Sebastían Museo Argentino de Taxonomy of Telmatobius (Anura: $1,500 John M. Leavengood, Jr. University of Revision of the genus Phyllobaenus $1,500 Barrionuevo Ciencias Naturales Ceratophrydae) Kentucky (Coleoptera: : ) Aylin Alegre Instituto de Ecología Systematics of , Thorell, 1879 and $1,500 Anna A. Namyatova University of New Systematics, biogeography and host plant $1,200 Barroso y Sistemática, Cuba review of the incertae sedis Anamota Šilhavý South Wales, associations of the true bug subtribes 1979 and Turquininia Šilhavý 1979 in Cuba Australia Monaloniina and Odoniella (Heteroptera: (Arachnida: Opiliones: Laniatores) Miridae: Bryocorinae: Dicyphini) Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar Harvard University Uniting macroevolution and microevolution $1,395 Jean Claude Taxonomic assessment of the ponerine $1,400 using deep fossil record: the zone of Rakotonirina Biodiversity Center ant genus Leptogenys (Hymenoptera: variability in the archosaur lineage Formicidae) from the Malagasy region, located at the MCZ Tharina Louise Bird Colorado State A generic revision of the family $1,500 University Solpugidae Vivian E. Sandoval- Universidade Federal Taxonomic revision of minute tree-fungus $1,500 Gómez de Viçosa, Brazil of the genus Xylographus Mellié, Bonnie B. Blaimer University of Taxonomic revision of the acrobat ant $665

Julien Ayroles 1847 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidae: ) California, Davis Crematogaster (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar Eduardo Fernando Universidade de São Study of Pompilidae (Insecta: Hymenoptera) $540 Jon Sanders Santos Paulo, Brazil types deposited in the MCZ Marek L. Borowiec University of Generic revision of dorylomorph ants $400 California, Davis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Fabio Laurindo da Universidade Federal Systematic and biogeography of $1,500 Silva de São Carlos, Brazil Labrundinia Fittkau, 1962 (Diptera: Kevin W. Conway Texas Agrilife Taxonomic revision of the New World $1,475 Chrinomomidae: ): a Research, Texas clingfishes (Gobiesocidae: Gobiesocinae) morphological and molecular approach A&M Sarah M. Smith Michigan State Revision of the New World Scolytus $1,500 Bernice B. Michigan State Phylogenetic analysis of the ant genus $1,180 University Geoffroy (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: DeMarco University Aphaenogaster (Formicidae: Hymanoptera) Scolytinae) in North America using morphology and DNA Andrés H. Veléz University of Puerto Revision and phylogeny of the neotropical $1,250 Rico at Mayagüez subfamily Nycriborinae (: César G. Durán- Universidad Nacional Taxonomic review of Chrosiothes Simon, $1,160 Blattaria: Blattellidae) Barrón Autónoma de 1894 (Araneae: ) México Lidiana Nogueira Universidade Federal Taxonomic identity of Pristocera $1,500 Hanny Rivera Zamprogno do Espírito Santo, (Hymenoptera: ) Dimitri Forero University of Monographing the assassins: $1,500

Martha Muñoz Brazil California, Riverside Systematic revision of the assassin bug genus Apiomerus (Heteroptera: : Tatyana Sergeyevna Russian Academy of World revision of the genus Limnephilus $1,500 ) Vshivkova Sciences, Institute (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) of Biology and Soil James Herrera State University of Species delineation in the subfossil lemur $1,200 Sciences New York, Stony assemblage; how many species have gone Brook extinct? Total Awards $26,865 Riva Riley Rowan Barrett Annabel Beichman Hanny Rivera Thom Sanger Sarah Kocher

26 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 27 HONORS

Awards & Recognition

Hopi E. Hoekstra was elected Vice Postdocs Ricardo Godinez Moreno President of the American Society of Frank Rheindt received a National Geographic received a Harvard Naturalists. Society Committee for Research and University Presidential Instructional Technology Scott V. Edwards was elected President of Exploration Grant for the investigation of Fellowship to work in the American Genetic Association and will undescribed bird taxa on the island of Sulawesi. collaboration with EOL also assume the presidency of the Society Vera Domingues received the International to develop a tree of life for the Study of Evolution in January 2012. Travel Award from the Society for the Study viewer to teach Harvard Gonzalo Giribet was named a distinguished of Evolution. undergrads about tree visitor to Adelaide University and awarded a Rowan Barrett’s work as a graduate thinking and evolution. Visiting Professorship at the Capital Normal student was recognized with the Governor Congratulations to the University in Beijing. He also became General of Canada Gold Medal for the following graduate students President of the International Society for most outstanding academic record in the for predoctoral fellowships: Invertebrate Morphology and was elected Vice- graduating class for the doctoral degree. President of the Spanish Malacological Society. He also received the University of British • Zachary Lewis, NSF Graduate Research Naomi Pierce was among the ten people Columbia Faculty of Science Prize and Fellowship, “A develop- selected to be a Fellow of the Entomological the Howard Alper Prize, given to the mental understanding of Society of America. She was nominated for top postdoctoral candidate in Canada. lung loss in salamanders” this honor by her students. Kris Snibbe • Emily Kay, NSF Farish Jenkins, Jr. Cheryl Zook/National Geographic Society Doctoral Dissertation Emeritus Improvement Grant, “Behavioral and Dino Martins Edward O. Wilson received the BBVA genomic evidence for sexual isolation Foundation’s 2010 Frontiers of Knowledge between two sister species of Peromyscus” Award in the area of Ecology and Conservation Biology and the PEN New • Maude Baldwin, NSF Doctoral England Thoreau Prize. In the words of Dissertation Improvement Grant, the BBVA prize jury, Wilson is “one of the “Function and evolution of sweet taste most influential thinkers of our time, an receptors in birds” exceptional biologist and a world-class • Jon Sanders, NSF Doctoral Dissertation natural historian.” Improvement Grant, “Functional Miguel Landestoy ecology and evolution of an ant gut Faculty Luke Mahler microbiome” Farish A. Jenkins, Jr., was elected a member of the Academy of Arts and Sciences Class Graduate Students • Leonora Bittleston, NSF Graduate of 2011. Prof. Jenkins was also honored with Luke Mahler has been awarded the 2011 Research Fellowship, “Comparing a Harvard College Professorship, honoring Jessica Cundiff R. A. Fisher Prize by the Society for the the defense of ant-associated plants his achievement in research activities, his Study of Evolution. The prize is awarded by two mutualistic symbioses: Do ants excellence in undergraduate teaching and Staff for an outstanding Ph.D. dissertation paper and endophytes have antagonistic or his contribution to advising and mentoring Jessica Cundiff, Curatorial Associate in published in the journal Evolution. complementary roles?” students. Invertebrate Paleontology and Acting Dino Martins was named one of National Undergraduates James Hanken was elected to the Board Curatorial Associate in Vertebrate Geographic’s 2011 Emerging Explorers. Joanna Larson ’11 received a 2011– of Directors of the American Institute of Paleontology, received a Harvard University The award recognizes visionary young 2012 Fulbright Grant for her research Biological Sciences and was appointed Faculty of Arts and Sciences Impact Award trailblazers who push the boundaries of project “Decoding species complexes to the Encyclopedia of Life’s Executive for “sustained superior performance and discovery, adventure and global problem- of amphibians and mammals in the Committee. outstanding contributions.” solving early in their careers. mountains of Tanzania.” Brian D. Farrell was named 2011–2012 Breda Zimkus, Genetics Resources Facility Hillery Metz was awarded a Summer Adam Clark ’11 was awarded the Thomas Fulbright Scholar to the Universidad Project Manager at the MCZ, received a Institute in Statistical Genetics Scholarship. Hoopes Prize for his senior thesis, “Ant Autónoma de Santo Domingo. In addition grant from CollectionsWeb to work on communities of the Boston Harbor Islands to his research, he is building a laboratory “Developing best practices for genetic Prashant Sharma received 2nd place National Recreation Area.” and training local students in museum resource collections associated with prize for student presentation at the 18th management techniques. traditional natural history collections.” International Congress of Arachnology.

28 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 29 MCZ PERSONNEL

Faculty-Curators Adam Algar Matthew Lim Ian Wang Andrew A. Biewener Herpetology, Losos Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Financial Data Charles P. Lyman Professor of Biology; Bei An Huai-Ti Lin Johanna Wegener Director, Concord Field Station Ornithology, Edwards Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Scott V. Edwards Sónia Andrade Catherine Ramsay Linnen Li Wen These charts describe the income and expenses of the Museum of Comparative Zoology in fiscal year 2011. Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Professor of Zoology; Curator of Ornithology Marco Archetti Mark Liu Dean Wendt Endowment includes the annual distribution from endowed Capital Projects include renovation of the MCZ Laboratories Entomology, Pierce Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab Brian D. Farrell funds, revenue generated from assets purchased through building for a cryogenics facility. Building expenses such Professor of Biology; Curator of Entomology Allison Arnold-Rife Marta Lopez-Darias Christopher Wills Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab endowments and endowed funds decapitalized per donor as maintenance, facility improvements and utilities are Gonzalo Giribet request. Transfers include Harvard University-funded faculty captured in the Space and Occupancy category. Operating Professor of Biology; Curator of Sarah Ayroles David Lubertazzi Katharina Wollenberg Invertebrate Zoology Entomology, Pierce Lab Global Ant Project, Wilson Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab research, financial support for the Ernst Mayr Library and Expenses consist of equipment purchases, supplies, consultant James Hanken Niclas Backström Ricardo Mallarino Alexander Ziegler other Harvard-funded projects. Other Income comprises and conference fees, as well as annual subventions to the Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Professor of Zoology; Curator of Rowan Barrett Marie M. Manceau Breda Zimkus miscellaneous income from publications, royalties, sales and Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology (OEB) Herpetology; Director, MCZ Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab fees, and cost recovery from other MCZ-sponsored activities. for administrative services. Support for MCZ-affiliated Hopi E. Hoekstra Gilberto Neves Bento Maria de Boef Miara Reserves represent carry-forward balances used to cover graduate students in OEB is included in Scholarships and Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Graduate Students Professor of Zoology; Curator of Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab an operating deficit.Overhead is funds paid from MCZ- Awards. Institutional Expenses fund other FAS and University Christopher Baker Mammalogy Rose Carlson Gabriel Miller Entomology, Pierce Lab based sponsored projects to cover associated facilities and initiatives and provide general operating support for the Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Farish A. Jenkins, Jr. Maude Baldwin administrative costs. It is shown as both income (Overhead Harvard Museum of Natural History. Professor of Biology; Alexander Agassiz Angelica Cibrian-Jaramillo Ryutaro Miyagi Ornithology, Edwards Lab Professor of Zoology; Curator of Entomology, Pierce Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Earned) and expense (Overhead Charged). Vertebrate Paleontology Leonora Bittleston Ronald Clouse Gerard Talavera Mor Entomology, Pierce Lab George V. Lauder Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Professor of Biology; Henry Bryant Erin Blevins Bigelow Professor of Ichthyology; Curator Thomas Devitt Carlos Moreno Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Income Expenses and Non-Operating Funds of Ichthyology Shane Campbell-Staton Jonathan B. Losos Vera Domingues Sergio Taboada Moren Ornithology, Edwards Lab Monique and Philip Lehner Professor Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Other Overhead Glenna Clifton Nonfederal Transfers Scholarships for the Study of Latin America; Curator Charged 5% Institutional Rodney Eastwood Jerome Murienne Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Sponsored Reserves 2% Income 1% & Awards 2% of Herpetology Capital Expenses Entomology, Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Mark Cornwall Revenue 3% 6% James J. McCarthy Gifts Overhead Capitalized per Projects 14% Marianne Espeland Marta Novo Entomology, Pierce Lab Federal 1% Earned 5% 1% Professor of Biological Oceanography; Donor Request 0% Alexander Agassiz Professor of Biological Entomology, Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Nicole Danos Sponsored Oceanography; Acting Curator of Heidi Fisher Akiko Okusu Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Revenue 14% Space & Malacology Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Amanda Evans Occupancy Naomi E. Pierce Brooke Flammang Terry Ord Entomology, Farrell Lab 9% Sidney A. and John H. Hessel Professor Ichthyology, Lauder Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Ricardo Godinez of Biology; Curator of Entomology Matthew Fujita Chris Organ Ornithology, Edwards Lab Robert M. Woollacott Ornithology, Edwards Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Vanessa Gonzalez Professor of Biology; Curator of Marine Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Invertebrates Lliana Medina Guzman Brant Peterson Herpetology, Losos Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Patrick Gorring Entomology, Farrell Lab Operating Salaries & Fringe Emeritus Faculty David P. Hughes Nadine Piekarski Endowment 68% Expenses 22% Benefits 47% Kenneth J. Boss Entomology, Pierce Lab Herpetology, Hanken Lab Alexis Harrison Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Herpetology, Losos Lab Professor of Biology, Emeritus Carlos Infante Yu-Ping Poh Herpetology, Losos Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Emily Jacobs-Palmer A.W. “Fuzz” Crompton Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Income Expenses Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Fisher Professor Milan Janda Frank Rheindt Collin Johnson of Natural History, Emeritus Entomology, Pierce Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Endowment $12,638,069 Salaries and Fringe Benefits $8,803,949 Marine Invertebrates, Woollacott Lab Herbert W. Levi Daniel Janes Ana Riesgo Federal Sponsored Revenue $2,639,998 Operating Expenses $4,005,603 Zofia Kaliszewska Faculty-Curator, Emeritus; Alexander Ornithology, Edwards Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Reserves $1,155,510 Institutional Expenses $2,614,310 Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Emeritus Juan Junoy Alicia Rodriguez Perez-Porro Emily Kay Richard C. Lewontin Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Overhead Earned $928,128 Space and Occupancy $1,698,761 Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Professor of Biology, Emeritus; Gisele Kawauchi Thomas Sanger Eunsuk Kim Nonfederal Sponsored Revenue $507,704 Overhead Charged (Sponsored) $928,128 Alexander Agassiz Professor of Zoology, Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab Emeritus Entomology, Pierce Lab Transfers $448,907 Scholarships and Awards $341,635 Jason Kolbe Andrew Shedlock Edward O. Wilson Evan Kingsley Herpetology, Losos Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Gifts $154,250 Capital Projects $130,000 Honorary Curator in Entomology; Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Other Income $127,527 Capitalized per Donor Request $77,707 Pellegrino University Professor, Emeritus Daniel Kronauer Serafino Teseo Christopher Laumer Entomology, Pierce Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Total $18,600,093 Total $18,600,093 Postdoctoral Fellows, Jan Kruyt Varpu Vahtera Zachary Lewis Research Associates Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab & Visiting Scholars Herpetology, Hanken Lab Clemens Küpper Sacha Vignieri Miguel Alcaide Jeanette Lim Ornithology, Edwards Lab Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Ornithology, Edwards Lab Ichthyology, Lauder Lab David Lentink Joseph Martins Visitacao Luke Mahler Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Entomology, Pierce Lab Herpetology, Losos Lab 30 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 31 MCZ PERSONNEL MCZ PERSONNEL

Dino Martins Catherine Craig William Montevecchi Jacqueline Webb Samantha Edelheit Robert Morris Catherine Weisel Paul Dwyer Entomology, Pierce Lab Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Associate of Ornithology Associate of Ichthyology Faculty/Collection Assistant, IT Specialist, Biodiversity Informatics Museum Projects Coordinator Mail Clerk Memorial University of Newfoundland University of Rhode Island Malacology; Editorial Assistant, Hillery Metz Harvard University Katherine Mullen Ken Wilcox Jeannette Everritt MCZ Publications Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Harlan Dean Piotr Naskrecki R. Haven Wiley Library Assistant, Ernst Mayr Library Building Superintendent, Concord Field Administrative Coordinator Associate of Entomology Associate of Ornithology Katherine Eldridge Station Talia Moore Associate of Invertebrate Zoology April Mullins Jason Green Conservation International University of North Carolina Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Herpetology & Concord Field Station, Harvard University Acquisitions and Technology Specialist, Victoria Wilke Financial Assistant Losos & Biewener Labs Martin Nweeia Cheryl Wilga Anne Everly Ernst Mayr Library Curatorial Assistant, Collections Operations Lloyd Demetrius Stephanie Hillsgrove Associate of Mammalogy Associate of Ichthyology Research Assistant, Herpetology Lynne Mullen Associate of Population Genetics Catherine Musinsky Andrew Williston Financial Assistant Harvard School of Dental Medicine University of Rhode Island Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Harvard University Charles Farnum Faculty/Collection Assistant, Curatorial Assistant, Ichthyology Philip Norton Michele Nishiguchi Judith Winston Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Mammalogy Martha Muñoz Philip DeVries Jonathan Woodward Building Services Coordinator Associate of Invertebrate Paleontology Associate of Marine Biology Herpetology, Losos Lab Associate of Entomology Helene Ferranti John Nevins Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & New State University Museum of Natural History Christopher Preheim University of New Orleans Faculty/Collection Assistant, Biological Laboratory Systems Manager for Collections Operations Ivo Ros Academic Programs Coordinator Diane B. Paul Oceanography & Marine Biology Biological Oceanography & Marine Concord Field Station, Biewener Lab Gregory D. Edgecombe Staff Melissa Woolley Associate of Population Genetics Biology Damari Rosado Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Dana Fisher Faculty/Collection Assistant, Elizabeth Sefton Harvard University Assistant Director of Administration Natural History Museum, England Emily Aker Assistant to the Librarian/Special Somer O’Brien Herpetology Herpetology, Hanken Lab David L. Pawson Curatorial Assistant, Collections Collections, Ernst Mayr Library Staff Assistant, Concord Field Station Anna Salvato Ben Evans Robert Young Prashant Sharma Associate of Marine Biology Operations Manager of Financial Operations Associate of Herpetology Jacqueline Ford Mark Omura Special Collections Librarian, Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Smithsonian National Museum of McMaster University Adam Baldinger Library Assistant, Ernst Mayr Library Curatorial Assistant, Mammalogy Ernst Mayr Library Deborah Smiley Yoel Stuart Natural History Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate Web Project Manager Richard Glor Linda S. Ford Philip Perkins Breda Zimkus Herpetology, Losos Lab Stewart Peck Zoology & Malacology Associate of Herpetology Director, Collections Operations Curatorial Associate, Entomology Project Manager for Genetic Resources Geoff Tierney Wenfei Tong University of Rochester Associate of Entomology Dorothy Barr Senior Financial Officer Miyako Fujiwara Alison Pirie Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Carleton University Public Services/MCB Liaison Harvard Undergraduate Staff Kelvin A. Guerrero Curatorial Assistant, Collections Faculty/Collection Assistant, Laura Tomaino Paulo Petry Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Sebastian Velez Associate of Entomology Operations Ornithology & Mammalogy Sarah Al-Naggar Human Resources Coordinator Associate of Ichthyology Invertebrate Zoology, Giribet Lab Systematic Entomologist/ Daniel Belich Ernst Mayr Library Environmental Consultant The Nature Conservancy Reference Librarian, Ernst Mayr Sonia Gandiaga Pedro Ramirez Angel Velarde Jesse Weber Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ichthyology Research Assistant, Concord Field Victor Ban Financial Assistant Steve Poe Library Mammalogy, Hoekstra Lab Michael Hadfield Station Ernst Mayr Library Associate of Marine Biology Associate of Herpetology Penny Benson Brendan Haley Ellen Wilkin Yunke Wu Kewalo Marine Laboratory University of New Mexico Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Senior Database Manager Murat Recevik Ilsoo Cho Financial Assistant Herpetology, Hanken Lab Curatorial Assistant, Malacology Ernst Mayr Library Anthony Herrel Michael Rex Constance Brichford Karsten Hartel Xuemai Zhai Associate of Herpetology Associate of Malacology Curatorial Assistant, Collections Curatorial Associate, Ichthyology Mark Renczkowski Carly Cohen Biological Oceanography, Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Muséum National d’Histoire University of Massachusetts, Boston Operations Kathleen Horton Ernst Mayr Library McCarthy Lab Naturelle, Paris Paleontology Jury Rudyakov Ronnie Broadfoot Faculty/Collection Assistant, Benjamin Cox MCZ Faculty Associates Berthold Holldobler Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Circulation/Reference, Ernst Mayr Entomology Constance Rinaldo Ernst Mayr Library The MCZ’s charter, signed in Harvard University Librarian, Ernst Mayr Library Associate of Entomology Library Amie Jones Zachary Herring 1859, mandates that the Bruce Archibald University of Wurzburg Chris Schneider Faculty/Collection Assistant, Alana Rivera Ornithology, Edwards Lab Museum’s activities will be Associate of Entomology Dahlia Bursell Associate of Herpetology Entomology Curatorial Assistant, Collections overseen by a governing Simon Fraser University Gustavo Hormiga Curatorial Assistant, Collections Tamanna Hossin Boston University Operations board, the Faculty of the Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Operations Maureen Kelly Entomology, Pierce Lab Aaron Bauer Museum of Comparative George University Andrea Sequeira IT Specialist, Biodiversity Informatics José Rosado Associate of Herpetology Christopher Carden Henry Huberty Zoology. Associate of Entomology Curatorial Associate, Herpetology Villanova University Alan Kabat Cataloger, Biodiversity Heritage Richard Knecht Ernst Mayr Library Associate of Malacology Wellesley College Library Collection Assistant, Invertebrate Mary Sears Dr. John D. Constable Reinier Beeuwkes, III Olakunle Komolafe Attorney, Bernabei & Wachtel Scott R. Shaw Paleontology Head of Public Services, Ernst Mayr Associate of Zoology Margaret Carayannopoulos Ernst Mayr Library Mr. Robert G. Goelet Associate of Entomology Library Ischemix Company Leslie S. Kaufman Financial Officer Petra Kubikova Mr. George Putnam, Jr. Associate of Ichthyology University of Wyoming Faculty/Collection Assistant, Diane Sheridan Lauren Libby Andrew Berry Paul Chaikin Entomology, Pierce Lab Mr. George Putnam, III Boston University Navjot Sodhi Entomology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Associate of Population Genetics Curatorial Assistant, Collections Associate of Ornithology Invertebrate Zoology Dr. Barbara Jil Wu Harvard University Timothy Laman Operations Laura Leibensperger Caroline Mchugh Associate of Ornithology National University of Singapore Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Ingrid Soltero Entomology, Pierce Lab Mr. Paul J. Zofnass Elizabeth Brainerd Flavia Chen National Geographic Joel Sohn Zoology Research Technician, Ornithology Associate of Ichthyology Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Kimberly O’Donnell President Drew Gilpin Faust Ruth Hortencia Bastardo Landrau Associate of Ichthyology Brown University Judith Chupasko Lisa Litchfield Margaret Starvish Ernst Mayr Library Associate of Entomology Golden Mountain Trading Company Administrator, Concord Field Station Faculty/Collection Assistant, Ichthyology Donald S. Chandler Curatorial Associate, Mammalogy Universidad Autónoma de Santo Stephen Tilley Encyclopedia of Life, Associate of Entomology Mara Lyons Robert Stymeist Domingo Associate of Herpetology Sarah Cohen Learning + Education Group University of New Hampshire Collection Assistant, Malacology Faculty/Collection Assistant, Curatorial Assistant, Ornithology Phillip Lobel Smith College Invertebrate & Vertebrate Paleontology Tracy Barbaro Jae Choe Christopher Sussman Associate of Ichthyology James Traniello Stefan Cover Project Coordinator Acknowledgements Associate of Entomology Boston University Curatorial Assistant, Entomology Joseph Martinez Data Assistant, Collections Operations Associate of Entomology Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology Jeffrey T. Holmes This annual report was produced by the Ewha Womans University Tsuyoshi Takahashi David Lohman Boston University Nicholas Crawford Digital Learning Editor Office of the Director of the Museum of Janet Collett Jessica McConnell Curatorial Assistant, Herpetology & Associate of Entomology David Wagner Herpetology, Losos Lab Comparative Zoology. Associate of Population Genetics Collection Assistant, Ichthyology Collections Operations Marie M. Studer Harvard University Associate of Entomology Jessica Cundiff University of Sussex Learning + Education Project Director Editors: Vladimir A. Lukhtanov University of Connecticut Curatorial Associate, Invertebrate & Christopher Meehan Jennifer Thomson Bruce Collette Laboratory Technician, Entomology Faculty/Collection Assistant, James Hanken, Director Associate of Entomology David Wake Vertebrate Paleontology Administration for the Associate of Ichthyology Populations Genetics Catherine Weisel, Museum Russian Academy of Sciences Associate of Herpetology Jessica Mitchell National Marine Fisheries Service Susan DeSanctis Department of Organismic Projects Coordinator Duane McKenna University of California, Berkeley Serials Acquisitions Assistant, Intern, Ernst Mayr Library Diana Tingley Turmenne and Evolutionary Biology David Bruce Conn Curatorial Assistant, Collections Associate of Entomology Marvalee Wake Ernst Mayr Library Juri Miyamae Krista Carmichael Copy, Design & Production: Associate of Invertebrate Zoology Operations University of Memphis Associate of Herpetology Curatorial Assistant, Collections Sponsored Research Administrator Cyndi Wood Berry College Joseph DeVeer University of California, Berkeley Operations Jeremiah Trimble Creative Project Russell Mittermeier Head of Technical Services, Rebecca Chetham James Costa Curatorial Associate, Ornithology Management, Inc. Associate of Herpetology Philip S. Ward Ernst Mayr Library Paul Morris Director of Administration Associate of Entomology Conservation International Associate of Entomology Biodiversity Informatics Manager Van Wallach www.creativeprojectmgmt.com Western Carolina University Irv Dumay University of California, Davis Curatorial Assistant, Invertebrate Zoology Building Manager 32 Museum of Comparative Zoology Annual Report 2010–2011 33 Museum of Comparative Zoology 26 Oxford Street Cambridge, MA 02138 617.495.2460 www.mcz.harvard.edu