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ESTUDIO PGA COSI POTOSI.Pdf Estudio de Factibilidad para el Mejoramiento de la Carretera Empalme Cosigüina – Potosí (14.70 Km ) CONTENIDO ESTUDIO PGA i. RESUMEN EJECUTIVO…………………………………………………………………….4-6 I.INTRODUCCION Y OBJETIVOS---------------------------------------------------------------------7 1.1. Metodología del Estudio PGAS------------------------------------------------------------9 1.2. Metodología del PGAS Social-------------------------------------------------------------11 1.3. Equipo Multidisciplinario Participante en el Estudio----------------------------------12 II. MARCOS LEGAL E INSTITUCIONAL DEL PROYECTO--------------------------------------12 III.DESCRIPCION GENERAL DEL PROYECTO--------------------------------------------------15 3.1 Descripción General del proyecto---------------------------------------------------------15 3.2 Macro localización del proyecto -----------------------------------------------------------16 3.3 Micro localización del proyecto-------------------------------------------------------------17 IV. DESCRIPCION TECNICA DEL PROYECTO--------------------------------------------------19 4.1. Características Técnicas ------------------------------------------------------------------19 4.2 Drenaje Menor y Mayor----------------------------------------------------------------------21 4.3 Bancos de Materiales------------------------------------------------------------------------26 4.4 Equipos y maquinarias a utilizar en el proyecto---------------------------------------28 V. LÍNEA BASE CARACTERISTICAS FISICAS Y BIOLOGICAS DEL AREA DE INFLUENCIA DEL PROYECTO----------------------------------------------------------------------29 5.1. Determinación del área de influencia directa e indirecta del proyecto----------29 5.1.1.Area de Influencia Directa---------------------------------------------------------------29 5.1.2 Área de Influencia Indirecta-------------------------------------------------------------30 5.2 Medio Físico----------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 5.2.1 Clima-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 5.2.2 Topografía y pendiente------------------------------------------------------------------32 5.2.3 Geología y Geomorfología--------------------------------------------------------------33 5.2.4 Hidrología-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------35 5.2.5 Uso Actual del Suelo--------------------------------------------------------------------37 5.2.6 Uso Potencial del Suelo-----------------------------------------------------------------39 5.2.7 Tipo de suelo------------------------------------------------------------------------------41 5.2.8 Paisaje--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------42 5.2.9 Amenazas Naturales--------------------------------------------------------------------42 5.3 Medio Biótico--------------------------------------------------------------------------------48 5.3.1 Áreas Protegidas-------------------------------------------------------------------------48 5.3.2 Formaciones Vegetales y Fauna-----------------------------------------------------52 5.4 Medio Socioeconómico-------------------------------------------------------------------58 5.4.1 Caracterización Municipal de El Viejo-----------------------------------------------58 5.4.2 Infraestructura Socioeconómica------------------------------------------------------60 Elaborado por EDICRO S. A Página 1 Estudio de Factibilidad para el Mejoramiento de la Carretera Empalme Cosigüina – Potosí (14.70 Km ) 5.4.3 Aspectos Políticos Administrativos-----------------------------------------------62 5.4.4 Breve caracterización de la Zona del Cosigüina-------------------------------62 5.4.5 Actividades Económicas ------------------------------------------------------------62 VI. IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES DEL AREA DE INFLUENCIA DIRECTA E INDIRECTA SIN PROYECTO------------------------------------------------------------------65 6.1 Impactos Ambientales de la carretera sin proyecto---------------------------------------65 VII. ANALISIS Y EVALUACION DE LOS IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES CON PROYECTO------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72 7.1. Metodología-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------72 7.1.1. Matriz de Impactos (Anexo No.8)-------------------------------------------------------------73 7.2. IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES QUE PRODUCEN LAS ACTIVIDADES DEL PROYECTO------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74 7.2.1 Identificación de Posibles Impactos directos e indirectos derivados del proyecto de Mejoramiento del tramo de carretera Empalme Cosigüina-Potosí (14.70 Km)-----83 VIII. PROGRAMA DE GESTION AMBIENTAL Y SOCIAL-------------------------------91 8.1. SUBPROGRAMAS DE IMPLANTACION DE LAS MEDIDAS AMBIENTALES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------92 8.2 SUBPROGRAMA PARA LA GESTION DE PERMISOS----------------------------------103 8.3 SUBPROGRAMA DE MEDIDAS A LA REDUCCION DE LA VULNERABILIDAD VIAL------------------------------------------------------------------------------106 8.4 SUBPROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE LOS DESECHOSSOLIDOS Y LIQUIDOS GENERADOS POR EL PROYECTO--------------------------------------------------------------108 8.5 SUBPROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE AREAS PROTEGIDAS Y ECOSISTEMAS NATURALES SI EL CASO LO AMERITA. -------------------------------------------------------109 8.6 SUBPROGRAMA PARA LA EXPLOTACION DE BANCOS DE MATERIALES---110 8.7 SUBPROGRAMA DE BOTADEROS O BANCOS DE TIROS------------------------114 8.8 SUBPROGRAMA DE MANEJO DE FUENTES DE AGUA-----------------------------115 8.9 SUBPROGRAMA DE SIEMBRA Y ENGRAMADO---------------------------------------117 8.9.1SUBPROGRAMA DE PROTECCION A LA FAUNA PARA LA MITIGACION AL AHUYENTAMIENTO Y ATROPELLAMIENTO---------------------124 8.10 SUBPROGRAMA DE GESTION PARA EL CONTROL DE LA EROSION E INUNDACION DEL CAMINO------------------------------------------------127 8.11 SUBPROGRAMA PARA LA INSTALACION Y OPERACIÓN DE PLANTELES--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------133 8.12 SUBPROGRAMA DE MONITOREO Y SEGUIMIENTO Y CONTROL AMBIENTAL--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------134 8.13SUBPROGRAMA DE CAPACITACION VIAL AMBIENTAL--------------------------138 8.14 SUBPROGRAMA DE MANEJO EN LA HIGIENE Y SEGURIDAD----------------144 DEL TRABAJO Y SALUD 8.15SUBPROGRAMA PARA EL SEÑALAMIENTO VIAL PREVENTIVO--------------145 8.16 SUBPROGRAMA DE CONTINGENCIA-------------------------------------------------147 Elaborado por EDICRO S. A Página 2 Estudio de Factibilidad para el Mejoramiento de la Carretera Empalme Cosigüina – Potosí (14.70 Km ) IX. COSTOS DE LAS MEDIDAS AMBIENTALES – SOCIALES------------------151 X. CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES----------------------------------------153 XI. BIBLIOGRAFIA CONSULTADA-------------------------------------------------------154 XII. ABREVIATURA------------------------------------------------------------------------------156 XIII. ANEXOS--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------156 ANEXO NO.1 ACTA DE INSPECCION MARENA E INAFOR A BANCOS DE MATERIALES Y LINEA ANEXO NO.2 FOTOS ANEXO NO.3 MAPAS JPG ANEXO NO.4 Especificaciones Ambientales NIC-2000 ANEXO NO.5 Plano de Ubicación de Bancos de Materiales y Pga bancos ANEXO NO.6 Sección Típica ANEXO NO.7 y 7.1 COSTOS AMBIENTALES ANEXO NO.8 MATRIZ DE IMPACTOS ANEXO NO.9 Plano Ambiental ANEXO NO.10 Anexos Sociales Elaborado por EDICRO S. A Página 3 Estudio de Factibilidad para el Mejoramiento de la Carretera Empalme Cosigüina – Potosí (14.70 Km ) i. RESUMEN EJECUTIVO ESTUDIO DE FACTIBILIDAD PARA EL MEJORAMIENTO DE LA CARRETERA EMPALME COSIGUINA – POTOSI (14.70) El objetivo fundamental del Gobierno de Nicaragua con esta inversión es Rehabilitar la infraestructura vial existente a través de la alternativa de adoquinado, lo que permitirá una utilización óptima de los caminos rurales de una forma sostenida, ajustándose de esta manera a las posibilidades económicas y constructivas del país. Con la ejecución de este programa el gobierno pretende además, crear una oportunidad de trabajo a la población local, debido a que por la naturaleza del trabajo no se requiere de la participación de la mano de obra especializada. Además contribuir notablemente en el fortalecimiento de la actividad económica y social de la Región y en consecuencia al desarrollo del País. La Región en donde han sido diseñados estos proyectos se caracteriza por presentar altos índices de pobreza, por lo que indudablemente estas obras tendrán un gran impacto económico y social en esta área, que por sus características socioeconómicas es eminentemente agrícola. Muchos de estos lugares ofrecen un potencial agropecuario que actualmente no es aprovechado en su totalidad por falta de caminos de acceso adecuados. En muchos casos como se ha podido comprobar con los estudios de diseño que hemos realizado el acceso solo es posible en la estación seca. En general el trabajo consistirá en la limpieza del derecho de vía, remoción de alcantarillas que por su edad o capacidad hidráulica es necesario eliminar, reparación de cabezales y otros detalles de obras de defensa de las estructuras de drenaje, construcción de nuevas alcantarillas que sustituirán las removidas o donde el drenaje
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