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Evaluating the Installation and Performance of Manually Drilled Wells in North-Eastern Madagascar

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Evaluating the Installation and Performance of Manually Drilled Wells in North-Eastern Madagascar EVALUATING THE INSTALLATION AND PERFORMANCE OF MANUALLY DRILLED WELLS IN NORTH-EASTERN MADAGASCAR By Luke John Paul Barrett A REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In Environmental Engineering MICHIGAN TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY 2013 © 2013 Luke John Paul Barrett This report has been approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Environmental Engineering. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Report Advisor: David Watkins Committee Member: John Gierke Committee Member: Blair Orr Department Chair: David Hand Preface This report completes the work I began seven years ago as a Peace Corps Volunteer in Madagascar. As a student, I was equipped to approach development with the eye of an engineer. Over the years I gained experiences at the grass roots level during my Peace Corps service (2006-2009), and later with BushProof (2009-current), a social enterprise working in rural development and the water sector. My experience managing a water supply project in northeastern Madagascar was impetus for writing this paper. This report is submitted to complete my master’s degree in environmental engineering from the Peace Corps Master’s International Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering at Michigan Technological University. iii Table of Contents List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... viii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... ix Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 Objectives ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Literature review .............................................................................................................................. 2 Current manual drilling techniques .................................................................................................... 5 Advantages and disadvantages ............................................................................................................. 7 Water quality ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Context and Methodology ..................................................................................................... 9 Context .................................................................................................................................................. 9 The Project Ranon’Ala ................................................................................................................................. 9 BushProof ....................................................................................................................................................... 11 Standards, regulations and guidelines ........................................................................................... 13 Project area demographics and environment ............................................................................ 14 Project Hydrogeological context ........................................................................................................ 14 Methodology .................................................................................................................................... 15 Siting the wells ............................................................................................................................................. 15 BushProof’s Madrill methodology ..................................................................................................... 17 Results ...................................................................................................................................... 27 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 27 Water quantity ................................................................................................................................ 29 Water quality ................................................................................................................................... 29 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 32 Siting and supervision .................................................................................................................. 32 Approach ......................................................................................................................................................... 32 Siting wells ..................................................................................................................................................... 33 Supervision .................................................................................................................................................... 35 Borehole standards and design ................................................................................................. 37 Borehole diameter ..................................................................................................................................... 37 Development and Pumping tests ....................................................................................................... 39 Groundwater resources monitoring and evaluation ......................................................... 41 Water quality ................................................................................................................................................ 41 Testing equipment and personnel ..................................................................................................... 47 Hydrogeological data .................................................................................................................... 48 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 49 References .............................................................................................................................. 53 Appendix 1: Results by Locality ....................................................................................... 56 iv Manompana ..................................................................................................................................... 56 Antanambao Ambodimanga ..................................................................................................................... 56 Fandrarazana ................................................................................................................................................. 57 Sahabevava ...................................................................................................................................................... 58 Ambohimarina ............................................................................................................................................... 58 Vatobe ................................................................................................................................................................ 59 Anove Sud ......................................................................................................................................................... 60 Ambohitsara .................................................................................................................................................... 61 Antanambe ....................................................................................................................................... 62 Anove Nord ...................................................................................................................................................... 62 Malotrandro .................................................................................................................................................... 63 Manambato ..................................................................................................................................................... 63 Antanambao Mandrisy ................................................................................................................................ 64 Mandrisy ........................................................................................................................................................... 66 Tsaratanana .................................................................................................................................................... 66 Andapavolo ...................................................................................................................................................... 67 Vahibe
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