1986: A LOOK BACK

the limelight this year within the her release. She and Mr. Herash- Human rights in the USSR context of U.S.-Soviet relations. chenko arrived in London on De­ Anatoly Shcharansky, the 38- cember 18 and announced their In the human-rights arena, we tion marking the anniversary was year-old human-rights activist and intention to stay. witnessed some interesting deve­ also held in New York at the Ukrai­ Helsinki monitor, was released from Persecution of the leaders of the lopments in all areas of civil, reli­ nian Institute of America on Decem­ Chistopol prison on February 12 in Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate) Church gious and national dissent. General ber 16. an elaborately planned East-West reportedly continued. News of Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's new The Weekly joined other Ukrai­ prisoner swap. He joined his wife, Yosyp Terelia's incarceration in policy of encouraging "glasnost" or nian organizations in the West in Avital, in Jerusalem, and was joined Camp No. 36 — which has come to openness, seemed, at least for pro­ commemorating the UHG's 10th there by the rest of his family from be known as a "death camp" — near paganda purposes, to have spread birthday by devoting its November9 Moscow in August. Kuchino in the Perm region of Rus­ to the area concerning prisoners of issue to the group, its concerns as Moscow Helsinki Group leader sia, reached The Weekly in January, conscience, mostly those well- revealed in its memoranda, as well and founder Yuri Orlov, 62, was six months after the leader of the known in the West. Western pres­ as its membership. released from internal exile in Yaku­ Initiative Group for the Defense of sure helped prompt the release this There were some encouraging tia and was forced to emigrate to the the Rights of Believers and the year of the better-known human- signs about the Helsinki movement. United States with his wife, Irina Church in Ukraine was given a 12- rights activists and leaders of the Samvydav recently obtained by the Valitova, in connection with the year sentence for "anti-Soviet agit­ Helsinki movement in the USSR, UHG's external representatives re­ Nicholas Daniloff affair. prop." while several previously unknown vealed a new member, Vasyl Kor- Nobel laureate and Helsinki moni­ We also obtained details in March dissidents fell subject to arrest and nylo, a 66-year-oid physician from tor Andrei Sakharov and his wife, from the trial of Ukrainian sculptor incarceration. the Lviv oblast, who had joined the Elena Bonner, a founding member, Petro Ruban, who was tried in Pry- Late 1986 ushered in a new de­ group before his arrest and impri­ arrived home in Moscow on Decem­ luky, Chernihiv region, in December cade in the still struggling Helsinki sonment in February 1980 for cir­ ber 23 after they received an official 1985 and was sentenced to nine movement in Ukraine. While mem­ culating Ukrainian nationalist litera­ pardon from General Secretary years' strict-regimen labor camp bers of the External Representation ture. The revelation indicated that Gorbachev on December 16 and and five years' exile. there may be more Helsinki moni­ of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group were permitted to leave their place A new incident of religious perse­ tors unknown to the West.Mr. Kor- marked the group's 10th anniver­ of exile in the closed city of Gorky. cution was reported in July. Pavel sary on November 9, 17 of the nylo is serving a 10-year sentence in Ms. Bonner had been allowed to Protsenko, a young Orthodox group's now-known 40 members a special-regimen labor camp to be travel earlier this year to the West, church activist and librarian from continued to serve sentences in followed by five years in internal namely Italy and the United States, Kiev, was arrested on June 4 at the prisons, labor camps and internal exile. on a six-month visa for medical home of a nun, Sister Serafima. He exile. Mykola Horbal, Vitaliy Kalyny- Olha Heyko Matusevych, one of treatment for heart and eye ailments was tried and sentenced in Kiev on chenko, Ivan Kandyba, Yaroslav the UHG's youngest members at after Dr. Sakharov went on a hunger November 18-19 to three years in a Lesiv, Lev Lukianenko, Myroslav age 33 and a philologist, was re- strike to demand the trip. labor camp for writing a manuscript According to Mr. Orlov, the re­ detailing the persecution of mem­ lease of the Nobel-prize-winning bers of the Russian Orthodox physicist and human-rights advo­ Church, which was found on his cate was probably due to Soviet person upon his arrest. embarrassment over the tragic death Ukrainian peace activist and a of another Moscow Helsinki Group founding member of the "unofficial" founding member, Anatoly Mar­ yet well-known Moscow Group for chenko, on December 8 in a Chisto­ Establishment of Trust Between the pol prison hospital. Mr. Marchenko, East and the West, also called the 48, had been on a hunger strike Moscow Trust Group, Alexandr demanding the release of all Soviet Shatravka, was released on June 23 prisoners of conscience, among from a Siberian labor camp where other things, since August 4 when he spent the last five years for "anti- he penned a letter to the delegates at Soviet activity" and was exiled to the the Vienna Helsinki review confe­ United States. Ivan Kandyba, Vitaliy Kalynychenko and Lev Lukianenko were cited by newly rence, vowing to maintain his fast Ukrainian dissident, writer and released Soviet dissident Yuri Orlov as three Ukrainian Helsinki monitors until the meeting's conclusion. author of a manuscript called "The whose plight was most terrible. There had been reports that Mr. Right to Live," Yuriy Badzio, began Marchenko was on the verge of Marynovych, Mykola Matusevych, leased from a Mordovian labor camp his five-year term of exile in Yakutia being released early from a 15-year Mart Nikius, Vasyl Ovsienko, Vikto- on March 12 after she completed her on May 18 after serving seven years sentence for anti-Soviet agitation ras Petkus, Oksana Popovych, My­ latest term of three years, which she of detention in Mordovian labor and propaganda. kola Rudenko, Yuriy Shukhevych, served immediately following her camps. He was arrested in April Danylo Shumuk, Vasyl Striltsiv and first term, also of three years. She Another well-known Soviet dissi­ 1979 for the book, a detailed analysis Yosyf Zisels continued their strug­ was granted permission to live in dent, Anatoly Koryagin, an activist in of the cultural, economic and politi­ gle. Kiev with her seriously ill mother for the Helsinki-related Working Com­ cal situation in Ukraine. mission to investigate the Abuse of Thanks to the efforts of Ameri­ one year. Kateryna Zarytska Soroka, a long­ Psychiatry for Political Purposes, cans for Human Rights in Ukraine News also reached the West that time member of the Organization of was reportedly rearrested in Chisto­ (AHRU), the UHG's 10th anniver­ another UHG member, VasylSichko, Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) who pol prison in October 1985, accord­ sary served as the occasion for the who was released from prison in the spent some 30 years in Polish and ing to reports we received in March U.S. Senate and House of Represen­ summer of 1985 was suffering from Soviet prisons and camps, died on of this year. Mr. Koryagin, who is tatives to pass companion resolu­ tuberculosis and was reportedly August 29 in western Ukraine after a serving a 12-year sentence, was tions in October calling on the being treated in a special sanato­ prolonged illness. The wife of nominated twice this year for the president and secretary of state to rium in western Ukraine. another veteran political prisoner Nobel Peace Prize. pressure the Soviets into releasing Perhaps the saddest news regard- and OUN activist Mykhailo Soroka, the Ukrainian and other Helsinki ing relatives of UHG members Two members of the renewed who had died in a labor camp in monitors from incarceration and reached the West early in the year, Georgian Helsinki Group, Tenghiz 1971, Ms. Zarytska headed the U- allowing those who desire to emi­ that is, news of the untimely death of Gudava and Emmanuel Tvaladze, krainian Red Cross in Lviv during grate to do so. AHRU also organized Olena Antoniv Krasivska on Feb­ were tried and sentenced in early World War II, providing aid to mem­ what turned out to be a very suc­ ruary 2 in the collision of a taxi cab, Ju ne for "anti-Soviet agit-prop." Both bers of the Ukrainian Insurgent cessful reception for the UHG's truck and streetcar in Lviv. The 48- Mr. Gudava, who received a 10-year Army (UPA). She died at age 72 and external reps as well as for members year-old physician was the wife of sentence, and Mr. Tvaladze, who was buried in Lviv's Lychakivsky of the House and Senate, and other UHG member and longtime political was sentenced to eight years' incar­ cemetery. prisoner Zinoviy Krasivsky, who had ceration, were members of the dignitaries on September 23 in Another veteran Ukrainian politi­ completed his latest term of impri­ Phantom musical group. Washington. cal prisoner and UPA member, Vasyl sonment only a few months before Iryna Ratushynska, the renowned On October 15, five members of Pidhorodetsky, was arrested and the Moscow and Ukrainian Helsinki her death. Soviet poet and human-rights advo­ cate from Kiev, was prematurely sentenced in late 1985 to one year of groups were reunited in Washington There were also reports in Octo­ released from prison in October on imprisonment, according to reports at a luncheon and press conference ber that the Soviets may allow 72- the eve of the Iceland summit and that reached The Weekly in March. at the Capitol. Yuri Orlov, Ludmilla year-old veteran Ukrainian political was permitted to travel for medical Mr. Pidhorodetsky has served some Alexeyeva, Alexander Ginzburg, prisoner and UHG member Danylo treatment to Great Britain, with her 34 years in camps and prisons for Nina Strokata and Nadia Svitlychna Shumuk to emigrate to Canada to Ukrainian husband, Ihor Herash- his involvement in the security ser­ urged legislators and the news join his nephew in British Columbia chenko. Ms. Ratushynska, who was vice of the Ukrainian Insurgent media to remember those Helsinki after his scheduled release in Ja­ serving the fourth year of a 12-year Army and OUN. monitors and other rights activists nuary 1987. sentence, was transferred from a still suffering in the USSR for their Three-year-old Estonian Kaisa The leaders of the officially de­ Mordovian labor camp for women to beliefs. Randpere was finally permitted in funct Moscow Helsinki Monitoring a KGB detention center in Kiev in November to join her defectorpa- An informative panelahd recef^ Group found themselves thrust into August; where she was held' t>ntil rents in^Sweden after two years of 1986: A LOOK BACK

Soviet refusals to grant her an exit char's controversial novel "Sobor" 135,000, including some from out­ response to this, as well as the visa. (Cathedra!), which deals with the side the 18-mile danger zone, in so- frustration felt by many who were destruction of Ukrainian culture, called "hot spots" of radiation. In unable to contact relatives in Kiev Finally, Mr. Gorbachev's "glas- was to be reissued in the Soviet other areas only children were and other parts of Ukraine, as well as nost" affected the field of literature Union in the Russian and Ukrainian moved out temporarily — 64,000 the lack of detailed information, and it was learned that Oles Hon- languages. from Byelorussia and 250,000 from Ukrainians angrily took to the streets Kiev, 70 miles south. Most of these in organized protest and demon­ children were sent to Pioneer sum­ strations in front of the United Chornobyl nuclear accident mer camps throughout the Soviet Nations and the Soviet Mission in Union, while some moved in with New York, in Chicago, Washington, What was by far the biggest news were uncertain that the measures relatives who lived far from the Ottawa, Philadelphia and other of 1986 was the tragic nuclear disas­ they were taking to bring the reactor accident area. All of the children cities. ter at the Chornobyl power station in under control would actually work. returned in September to start the Ukrainian groups held news con­ Ukraine in late April, which sent In the aftermath of Chornobyl, new school year, including some of ferences and prayer vigils to attract shock waves throughout the entire Moscow has sought to rebuild its the children of Prypiat who were news media to publicize the Soviet world. credibility by reporting more fully accepted into schools in Kiev. mishandling of the disaster and pray At 1 a.m. on April 25, the staff at on the disaster at a special confe­ The evacuees, who were kept in for the victims and their families. the Chornobyl nuclear power plant rence of the International Atomic temporary housing until some were Ukrainians in Washington held a started to reduce power on the No. 4 Energy Agency on the Chornobyl allowed to settle into new commu­ protest in front of the offices of U.S. reactor as part of a reportedly rou­ accident in Vienna in August, where nities built for them such as Zeleny News and World Report magazine tine maintenance procedure, which the Soviets submitted a 382-page Mys in the Kiev region, were re­ for its callously inaccurate May 12 later was revealed by Soviet authori­ detailed report on the causes, clean­ portedly compensated financially cover headline, "Nightmarfe in Rus­ ties to have been part of a series of up efforts, medical, environmental by the Soviets, who also opened up sia," which the journal later retract­ reportedly unauthorized experi­ and energy effects of the disaster. a special Chornobyl aid fund for do­ ed after meeting with local commu­ ments by plant personnel on the In this report, the Soviets laid the nations from Soviet citizens for the nity representatives. reactor's turbine-generators. blame for the accident essentially victims and evacuees. The Soviets have restarted re­ By all accounts, the mood at the on human error — safety violations Probably the most serious conse­ actors No. 1 and 2 after having sprawling complex was relaxed. by workers conducting an unautho­ quence is the effect on the health of entombed the damaged reactor No. Spring had already come to Ukraine, rized experiment — but later ad­ the population. Some Western phy­ 4 in concrete. The clean-up work at and the nearby town of Prypiat, mitted that part of blame was also sicians, including Dr. Gale, pre­ the plant has also aroused much where the plant workers lived in due to design flaws in the reactor, dicted that, based on the Soviet hostility, with reports of executions uniform rows of high-rise apartment which was essentially built for com­ report in Vienna.up to 40,000 excess of conscripts, mostly Estonians, blocks, was reportedly getting ready mercial use. deaths, that is outside the normal refusing to do the dangerous work. for the traditional May 1 holiday, But it was the human toll that death rate, would occur as a result of Several thousand Estonians were which this year coincided with the caused the most concern. The the accident. The Soviets them­ apparently singled out for con­ Orthodox Easter. Soviets have stuck to their official selves said they expected some scription for Chornobyl clean-up About 24 hours later, an explo­ report of 31 dead, with two reported­ 6,500 excess deaths over 70 years work and extention of their duty sion blew the roof off Chornobyl's ly dying in the explosion and the rest resulting from direct radiation expo­ from the usual two months to six No. 4 reactor, heaving a 1,000-ton passing away in a Moscow hospital sure, in addition to some 30,000 to months, which has caused discon­ concrete slab that covered the core after efforts to treat them for heavy 40,000 additional deaths from in­ tent to grow among the workers, as into the reactor well. In less than radiation exposure and burns. direct exposure to radioactive well as Estonians in general. *,thK$eSoviet Union and Europe. Shifting Ukrainians in the West about the States and Canada, was quick to nian Studies at the University of winds and continuing radiation official death toll of 31, because of respond to news of the tragic disas­ Alberta, titled, "Chornobyl and Nu­ emissions from the plant eventually the Soviet track record of covering ter that struck the land of their clear Power in the USSR," was spread over the rest of the Soviet up disasters and their conse­ ancestors and most immediately published by St. Martin's Press in Union and as far away as the wes­ quences. Dr. Robert Gale, a bone- offered assistance, medical and New York this fall and was launched tern United States. marrow specialist from UCLA, en­ monetary, to the victims, but their at a reception at the Ukrainian offers were categorically refused by Institute of America on December 9. Eight months ago, what has been tered into the picture soon after the the Soviets, who continued to label Dr. Marples is currently on a tour of labelled the world's worst nuclear accident when the Soviets request­ it an internal matter and insisted several U.S. cities to publicize his power accident struck at Chor­ ed his, and only his, aid in treating they could manage on their own. In book. nobyl, contaminating hundreds of the Chornobyl victims that were square miles in Ukraine, Byelorus­ shipped off to Moscow. sia and even parts of northern Po­ More than half of these official land and Scandinavia, discharging dead, who were buried in a cemetery The Helsinki process radioactivity across the continent just outside of Moscow and hun­ The Helsinki Accords review pro- in April and May in Bern, Switzer- and inflicting medical and environ­ dreds of miles away from their cess, or the Conference on Security land, and the more significant full- mental damage that may continue homes and family in Ukraine, were and Cooperation in Europe, con- scale Helsinki review conference, for generations. firemen who braved the flames and tinued in 1986 with two majorevents: which was officially opened in early radiation after the explosions. Offi­ From the start, the Soviet authori­ the six-week Experts Meeting on November in Vienna. cial reports also said that six months ties confronted an unprecedented Human Contacts, which took place The six-week Bern meeting on after the accident 30 remained hos­ crisis: handling a major fire inside pitalized and that a total of 300 one nuclear reactor while enormous persons were exposed to radiation amounts of radiation were escap­ levels far above those considered to ing into the atmosphere, with a be safe and many thousands may second reactor standing only yards have been exposed to doses whose away and two more nearby. long-term effects are uncertain. The disaster at Chornobyl not The Soviets have been subject to only revealed an epic human drama much criticism for their handling of of striving to cope with invisible the Chornobyl aftermath. They re­ nuclear hazards, but also disclosed portedly began evacuating the much about the nature of the rela­ 49,000 residents of nearby Prypiat 36 tionship between the Soviet govern­ hours after the accident, a period in ment and the population. which the people were probably The Soviet government reported­ exposed to high doses of radiation. ly knew enough about the disaster Confusion and panic spread among within 12 hours to treat it as a major the evacuees and many families crisis and set up a high-level govern­ became separated, some for weeks. ment commission to ascertain the The authorities set up an artificial damage and direct recovery opera­ 18-mile evacuation zone around the tions. But Moscow did not acknow­ stricken plant and all the evacuees ledge to its own citizens and the were reportedly given medical world that the accident had oc­ checks and iodine pills. A press conference in Vienna commemorated the 10th anniversaries of the curred for another 48 hours and By the end of the summer, the Ukrainian and Lithuanian Helsinki Groups. Among those in attendance were remained silent about the full extent official figure of the number of former Soviet dissidents Leonid Plyushch, Yuri Orlov and Nadia Svitlychna, of the disaster for nearly two weeks. people evacuated from Ukraine and Sens. Claiborne Pell, Paul Sarbanes and Dennis Deconcini and Rep. Steny For part of the time, Soviet scientists neighboring Byelorussia was Hoyer. 1986: A LOOK BACK

human contacts ended on May 27 bodies, all under the leadership and without agreement on a final docu­ guidance of the Human Rights Com­ Documentation of the famine ment as the United States, whose mission of the World Congress of Several important developments emperors and the early Church were delegation was headed by Ambas­ Free Ukrainians. having to do with the Ukrainian all centered there..." sador Michael Novak, stood alone in Before the conference had even Famine of 1932-33 occurred this "The Ukraine, anyway, was really its opposition to the "consensus begun, three of the UHG's external year. Perhaps the most important the cradle of Russia. I think there is statement." representatives, Gen. Petro Grigo- was the long-awaited publication of no question about that. And —- we The U.S. refused to approve the renko, Leonid Plyushch and Nadia 'The Harvest of Sorrow: Soviet can't go over the whole history -—but document, saying it would weaken Svitlychna, issued an appeal to the Collectivization and the Terror- the first Christian part of Russia was rather than strengthen the pledges CSCE delegates calling for a Famine" written by Robert Con­ the Ukraine." made at Helsinki in 1975 by 35 states thorough review of Soviet human- quest, a senior research fellow at the "So when we talk about the from the East and West. rights abuses and demanding that Hoover Institution at Stanford Uni­ Ukraine and Russia, we are not The Bern meeting was the last in a Ukraine be included as a full and versity. This 412-page study has really talking about separate coun­ series of experts meetings man­ equal participant in the Helsinki won worldwide acclaim since its tries. We are talking about two parts dated by the most recent Helsinki process. They also demanded that publication October 7 by Oxford of a country or a civilization that Accords review conference held in Ukraine be represented as an inde­ University Press. Dr. Conquest has moved on different waves." Madrid in 1980-1983. pendent party in all international completed a carefully researched This statement prompted an an­ bodies concerned with disarma­ and finely written study, according In Bern, representatives of 35 gry response from many members ment and nuclear energy, and that to many distinguished scholars, states covered such topics as family of the Ukrainian community. After embassies and consulates of the who reviewed the book for various reunification, exchange of informa­ receiving numerous complaints, Mr. Helsinki Accords' signatories be newspapers and magazines. tion, travel for personal or profes­ Salisbury sent out a form letter to opened in Ukraine and foreign jour­ sional reasons, and postal and tele­ Dr. Conquest, who is also the those individuals who wrote him, nalists be accredited to Ukraine. phone communications. author of several other books having which stated, in part: "Some of you to do with the Stalinist era, including seem to think I confuse Russia and During the Bern conference, the It was these very demands that the the renowned "The Great Terror," the Ukraine. Rest assured, I under­ United States raised many specific Ukrainian representatives in Vienna traveled nationwide on a publicity stand and deeply respect the diffe­ cases of family reunification and sought to publicize through a series tour throughout the month of Octo­ rence. As many of you well known I emigration. Among the cases of of news conferences, meetings with ber. He was interviewed by some of have traveled the length and breadth persons wishing to emigrate were delegates, demonstrations and the nation's most prominent news­ of the Ukraine. A wonderful land. those of two.Ukrainians: Yuriy other activities during the first two papers as well. Kiev is one of my favorite cities in the Shukhevych, a human-rights activist weeks of the CSCE. The Ukrainian The book, sponsored by the Har­ whole world. and Helsinki monitor who has been delegation held a news conference vard Ukrainian Research Institute "Some of you seem to object to imprisoned for over 33 years and to commemorate the 10th anniver­ and the Ukrainian National Associa­ my description of Kiev, as 'the who has relatives in Australia; and sary of the Ukrainian and Lithuanian tion, has gone into its second print­ mother city of all the Russians.' Aleksander Maksymov, who re­ Helsinki Groups on November 10 in ing, which will bring total copies in Were I of Ukrainian origin I would nounced his Soviet citizenship and the Vienna Marriott Hotel, which print to 12,000. During his New York proudly acclaim Kiev's role in Slavic subsequently served two terms of served as the group's headquarters. appearance, the author stated the civilization, culture, religion, the imprisonment for his emigration The press conference, which was main impetus for writing a book on arts. If Kiev is not first — then who efforts. held together with the Lithuanian the famine was "to educate myself." is?" During a May 13 discussion on World Community and the Lithua­ mail and postal interference, the nian Information Center, was des­ Dr. Conquest's book was also There is still no indication from U.S. delegation brought up the issue cribed as "a historic reunion of cited as one of the 200 most note- any of the networks that they are of contacts in the aftermath of the founders and exiled members of the able books of 1986 by The New York interested in airing "Harvest of Chornobyl nuclear power plant Helsinki monitoring groups." It was Book Review. Despair," which was produced for accident in Ukraine. presided over by Rep. Steny Hoyer In other events related to the the Ukrainian Famine Research The Vienna follow-up conference (D-Md.), co-chairman of the Con­ famine, the award-winning docu­ Committee of Canada by Slavko convened officially on November 4 gressional delegation to the CSCE mentary "Harvest of Despair" was Nowytski and Yurij Luhovy in 1983. in the Hofburg. The U.S. delegation and included speeches by Ginte finally shown on American televi­ The film has won several awards in is headed by Ambassador Warren Damusis, director of the Lithuanian sion. Aired September 24 on a spe­ the United States and Canada in the Zimmermann, and includes two Information Center, who spoke of cial edition of William F. Buckley's past two years, and garnered an Ukrainians as members: Helsinki the fate of the Lithuanian Helsinki "Firing Line," which appears weekly Academy Award nomination. Commission staffer Orest Deycha- Group, Yuri Orlov, Ms. Svitlychna, on PBS, the showing of the film Yet another important first oc­ kiwsky and Julian Kulas, a public Mr. Plyushch, andTomas Venclova, proved to be controversial because curred in regard to the famine. An member. one of the founders of the Lithuanian PBS authorities made the decision educators' institute which focused The U.S. continued to underscore Helsinki Group. Ambassador Sam to air it only if its showing was on the famine was held on Novem­ the plight of Ukrainian political Wise, deputy head of the U.S. coupled with a panel discussion on ber 8. One hundred and eighty-six prisoners in its statements concern­ delegation, also spoke on the plight its accuracy. Thus, three guests teachers, 154 of them non-Ukrai­ ing human-rights provisions during of all the Helsinki monitors in the were invited to participate in the nians, attended the one-day semi­ plenary sessions. Ambassador Zim­ Soviet Union. Ambassador Wise discussion: Dr. Robert Conquest, nar held in Chicago. Twenty-six mermann mentioned the deaths of stated during the press conference Harrison Salisbury, longtime cor­ participants took the seminar for four Ukrainian dissidents in camps that Ambassador Zimmermann, respondent of The New York Times graduate credit through Northern in 1985, including three Helsinki head of the U.S. delegation, had and "renowned Sovietologist," and Illinois University. monitors: Oleksiy Tykhy, Vasyl mentioned the 10th anniversary of Christopher Hitchens, Washington The seminar, which was organiz­ Stus, Yuriy Lytvyn and Valeriy Mar­ the UHG in his remarks during the columnist for the London Spectator ed by Dr. Myron B. Kuropas, vice- chenko, in his November 14 state­ opening plenary session earlier that and also for The Nation magazine. president of the Ukrainian National ment on national minorities in the day, and had called it the most On balance, the broadcast of the Association, was officially called USSR He added that three other severely persecuted of all the Hel­ film plus the discussion preceding "The Ukrainian Forced Famine: An Ukrainian dissidents, Mykola Hor- sinki Groups in the USSR. Also and following the film did much to bai, Ivan Kandyba and Mykhailo present were Sens. Claiborne Pell, enlighten the general public about Horyn, were very ill and were ser­ Dennis Deconcini and Paul Sar- the famine. At the end of its show­ ving lengthy sentences for their banes. ing, Mr. Buckley, who saw the film political activity. He also stated that for the first time, told the audience: he knew of some 400 religious acti­ Perhaps the biggest news to come "Well, that's about as harrowing an vists who were imprisoned in the out of the conference so far has hour this side of Dachau that I can Soviet Union, including Ukrainian been the Soviet -delegation's pro­ imagine" and the three guests stated Uniates. posal to hold a conference on that the film was accurate. Ukrainian organizations from Eu­ human rights in Moscow. U.S. Am­ Mr. Salisbury managed to further rope, Canada and the United States bassador Zimmermann told mem­ alienate himself from the Ukrainian sent representatives to Vienna to bers of the Ukrainian delegation in community this year when, during lobby for human and national rights Vienna that the U.S. was interested the dicussion, he went into a lengthy and participate in both the official in such a conference under certain discourse about the history of part of the conference as well as the conditions, including the right for Ukraine in response to a question parallel and simultaneous "Helsinki non-governmental organizations posed by Mr. Buckley about the Mirror," series of unofficial seminars and Western press organizations to relationship between Ukraine and and press conferences sponsored participate without restrictions. Russia in 1932. As Dr. Conquest by Resistance International. As it stands, the delegates in started replying, Mr. Salisbury inter­ The Ukrainians in Vienna included Vienna were in the midst of the first jected and began equating Ukraine representatives of the Ukrainian review phase, that is the review of with Russia. Helsinki Monitoring Group's Exter­ implementation, when they broke He stated: "The Ukraine, of course, nal Representation, grass-roots up for the holidays on December 19. is really the cradle of Russian civili­ human-rights groups, youth organi­ What will come of this review confe­ zation and the Church. Kiev was the zations, news services, political rence for Ukrainians remains to be place where Russia as an entity first The long-awaited book by Robert groups and national representative seen. came into being, and the early Conquest, "The Harvest of Sorrow." 1986: A LOOK BACK

Institute for Educators." It was animous vote in the House the Soviet Union on November 9 with others would halt the letter-writing designed to provide teachers and previous day. Mr. Medvid on board. campaign. He challenged Rep. administrators with information to Gov. Dukakis then welcomed the The most important was the crea­ Eckert to come to Silets and he teach about the famine that killed Ukrainians and apologized. "Both tion of an investigative body, under would show him his birth certificate some 7 million people in Ukraine. Kitty and I want to apologize for any the aegis of the Helsinki Commis­ and other pertinent documents to The seminar attracted teachers misunderstanding that may have sion, to look into the government's prove his identity. The congress­ mostly from northern Illinois, as well taken place," he said. While the handling of the Medvid case and its man accepted the invitation, but has as teachers of Ukrainian origin from Ukrainian famine was not honored application of asylum procedures not yet been able to make the trip. as far away as Los Angeles, Miami, as part of the ceremony, a proclama­ generally. Also discussed in some This year, an investigation was Toronto and Rochester, N.Y. tion was read which declared May 11 length in the press was the theory of also launched to find out what The U.S. government's Commis­ Ukrainian Famine Commemoration two Medvids: it has been alleged really happened after Mr. Medvid sion on the Ukraine Famine had a Day in the state of Massachusetts. that the Medvid who said he wanted jumped ship. Sen. Gordon J. Hum­ busy year, gathering testimony In other news The New York State to return to the Soviet Union was phrey (R-N.H.) pushed hard for a throughout the country from survi­ Education department issued, as really an imposter and the real separate panel to investigate the vors iOf tft© famine. D$. J&m$& >6. part of its Human Rights Series, a Medvid returned to the USSR incident in the beginning months of Mace of Harvard University's Ukrai­ 166-page book titled "Case Studies: against his will. the year but was blocked in doing nian Research Institute was named Persecution/Genocide:" One hun­ so by Sens. Alan J. Simpson (R- staff director on January 29. Then, dred forty-two pages are devoted to To dispel such rumors, TASS Wyo.) and Robert Dole (R-Kansas) the week of March 10, six Ukrainian the Ukrainian famine. The guide reported on January 22 that Mr. on the grounds that the Immigration public members of the commission outlines the history of the famine Medvid was alive and well, and living and Refugee Policy Subcommittee, were also named, thus completing and human-rights violations in U- with his family in Silets, Ukraine, a chaired by Sen. Simpson, was look­ the composition of the U.S. govern­ kraine. town just outside Lviv. The reports ing into the matter. But, Sen.,Hum­ stated that the seaman was planning ment-funded body. The six are: This year also saw the vandaliza- phrey would not give up, and after to register for school and repeated Bohdan Fedorak, 52, of Warren, tion of the famine monument in intensive negotiating, the Medvid the story which was dispatched Mich.; Myron B. Kuropas, 53, of Edmonton, which was twice de­ investigation was turned over to the from the Soviet Union soon after he DeKalb, III.; Daniel Marchishin, 51, faced by vandals, first with the Helsinki Commission on March 13 returned there that he had fallen of Bound Brook, N.J.; Ulana Mazur- words "Lies" and then "Nazi Lies" and $200,000 was allocated for it overboard while working on the kevich,41, of Elkins Park, Pa.; Anas- sprayed on it. The Ukrainian Cana­ from the Senate Contingency Fund, Soviet freighter. tasia Volker of Royal Oak, Mich.; dian Committee and the Jewish There was deliberation, however, on and Qleb VVeres, 35, of San Fran­ Federation of Edmonton issued a Furthermore, the February 11 whether it was legal to take the cisco, GaliL Ms. Volker replaced joint statement after the second issue of Molod Ukrainy ran an al­ money from this fund. After seven Lubow A. Margolena, 83, of Wash­ incident, which occurred on April 6, leged interview with Mr. Medvid in weeks of discussions the Senate ington, who declined the appoint­ in which they condemned the act as which he reiterated that he had decided to release the funds, and ment "an outrageous act of political van­ fallen overboard into the Mississippi the investigation into the matter The commission's members have dalism" that brings back memories and blamed Ukrainian emigres and finally started. Two investigators met several times this year, includ­ of an era when Jewish synagogues "former OUN members," "reaction­ have been hired and they must ing regional meetings in Chicago, and cemeteries were defaced. aries," who continue to fight for his present their findings in May 1987. Detroit and Glen Spey, N.Y. release from "Bolshevik imprison­ Additionally, a famine monument On October 24, 1986, The New A major flap occurred this year in ment." Accompanying the article was dedicated this year at the Los York City Tribune ran a full-page relation to the famine which pitted was a large photograph of the sailor Angeles County Government Cen­ advertisement, with the signatures the Boston Ukrainian community and his family. Experts later ascer­ ter on May 16. A greeting from of 144 individuals and organizations against the Massachusetts gover­ tained the photo was a forgery President Ronald Reagan was read commemorating the anniversary of nor's wife, Kitty Dukakis, and even­ which was touched up by airbrush- there by actor Jack Palance. Mr. Medvid's failed attempt for free­ tually resulted in an apology from ing. The article added to further dom. Gov. Michael S. Dukakis and the And finally this year, the question uncertainty as to Mr. Medvid's And finally this year attorneys inauguration of a famine conome- was posed to New York Times pub­ whereabouts. Andrew Fylypovych, Orest Jejna rrroraftioft <$ay, > - , lisher Arthur Ochs Sulzberger if the Rep. Fred J. Eckert (R-N.Y.) be­ and Julian E. Kulas filed suit on The episode started in July 1985 newspaper would return the Pulitzer gan a letter-writing campaign to Mr. behalf of the Ukrainian American when Gloria y'Edynak, then infor­ prize awarded in the 1930s to its Medvid, and for the past year, at Bar Association in which they al­ mation officer of the Ukrainian Moscow correspondent, William least one member of the Congress leged that legal representatives for Studies Fund at Harvard, wrote to Duranty, in the light of evidence that has penned a letter to the young Mr. Medvid were denied due pro­ tbe-hd§ts of & plannfed state cere­ he covered up the famine in his seaman each month. On April 3, cess by not being allowed to meet mony .— which commemorated the reporting while privately telling TASS reported that Mr. Medvid with and represent the sailor at the victims of the Holocaust, the Arme­ British intelligence he believed over wished that the congressman and time of his defection. nian massacre and the Cambodian 10 million people had died in the genocide — Mrs. Dukakis and man-made famine. In a letter sent to speaker of the House of Representa­ Times shareholder and radio talk The Millennium and the Church tives George Keverian. She asked show host Les Kinsolving, who During 1986 it seemed all atten­ A senior official said the pope was that the Ukrainian famine be com­ originally raised the question, Mr. tion was already being focused on wary of overtures from Moscow memorated alongside the other Sulzberger replied that despite the the upcoming Millennium of the because he did not want to be used major genocides of the 20th century. allegations, "what we report has to Christianization of Kievan Rus\ And by the Soviet authorities in a "pro­ stand, for better or worse, as our Mrs. y'Edynak received a reply there was controversy also as va­ paganda move." Metropolitan Ste­ best contemporary effort." from the governor's wife which rious parties debated who had the phen Sulyk commented that he "What then, do I think of Mr. stated that it was "necessary to limit right to celebrate this historic act of doubts the Soviets will permit the Duranty's reporting from the Soviet participation" and thus the Ukrai­ Prince and St. Volodymyr the Great pontiff to visit Ukraine. nian famine would not be marked. Union?... Perhaps he was too trust­ in 988. While most in the Ukrainian Meanwhile, the National Commit­ Letters from other individuals yield­ ing of Soviet sources he should community seemed to agree that the tee to Commemorate the Millen­ never have trusted. Perhaps his ed the same response. Angered that Millennium could rightly be cele­ nium of Christianity in Ukraine private political views impermissibly the 1932-33 famine would not be brated by all Ukrainian Christians, issued an appeal in January to the clouded his judgment or distorted commemorated at the ceremonies, the Ukrainian Orthodox Church Ukrainian American community, his dispatches. The Times itself ran the Ukrainian community decided it began proclaiming the anniversary requesting its cooperation in orga­ reports contradicting his at the would attend the ceremony on May as the Millennium of Ukrainian nizing Millennium observances and time..." 9 in protest. The press began to pick Orthodoxy. There was concern also asking that local committees be set up on the story, and blasted the "That contemporary Pulitzer that the Moscow Patriarchate and, up to work with the national body governor's decision to bypass the- jurors thought him worthy of a prize yes, even the Soviet government headed by Dr. Yuriy Starosolsky. Ukrainian famine in the ceremonies. for the things he did write from would each use the Millennium for The honorary presodium of the The pressure paid off. On May 9, Moscow is a judgement I am neither their own political purposes despite Millennium Committee includes Speaker of the Houie Keverian equipped nor entitled tp second- the fact •that both the Ukrainian Archbishop-Metropolitan Sulyk of welcomed the 30 Ukrainians who guess at this date. In any event, it is Catholic and Ukrainian Orthodox the Ukrainian Catholic Church, attended the ceremony and read a not a prize The Times can take Churches are not allowed to exist in Archbishop-Metropolitan Mstyslav % resolution about the Ukrainian fa­ back."' the USSR. of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church mine that had been passed by un- The saga continues, > ? * >t -t That is why Ukrainians breathed a and the Rev. Vladimir Borowsky of collective sigh of relief when in late the Ukrainian Evangelical Alliance. The Medvid follow-up November Pope John Paul II flatly Among the committee's plans are Several important developments political asylum. As he was being ruled out visiting the Soviet Union an exhibit of Ukrainian religious occurred in relation to the Medvid returned to his ship by U.S. authori­ unless General Secretary Mikhail icons at the Smithsonian arid a case this year. ties he again jumped into the river. Gorbachev first invited him to visit concert at the Kennedy Center in Myroslav Medvid is the Ukrainian Later, he was interrogated by U.S. C&tholic communities in Ukraine Washington, and Support for a reso- sailor who jumped from his Soviet authorities who determined he did and Lithuania. The pope was ex­ lution introduced by Rep. Jack pected to visit the USSR in 1988, Kemp calling for the erection of a freighter, the Marshal Konievf into not wish to stay in the United States the Mississippi River on October 24, and was again returned to his ship. reciprocating for Mr. Gorbachev's monument to St. Volodymyr the 1985, hear New Orleans in search of The ^/tefshai Koniev set sail for the visit to the Vatican in January 1987. Great in the nation's capital. 1986: A LOOK BACK

Local committees were indeed "synod" that united the Ukrainian lator do not appear on the Molod probably be argued before the Su­ established throughout the country, Catholic Church with the Russian Ukrainy version. preme Court in the spring of next as were local committees working Orthodox Church. A symposium So, which "authentic original" year. toward the realization of the mam­ held on May 15 in Washington by the was forwarded by the Soviets to The Supreme Court declined, moth Harvard Project on the Millen­ St. Sophia Religious Association of Israel? however, to hear the case of another nium. The Harvard Project has four Ukrainian Catholics focused on this In other developments in the East European suspected of Nazi main objectives: organizing an in­ tragic 40th anniversary. Demjanjuk case, in July family complicity. On December 1 the ternational conference on Ukrainian The liquidation of the Church was members and in October Bishop court voted not to hear the case of Christianity; endowing a chair in the noted also in a U.S. State Depart­ Antony of the Ukrainian Orthodox Estonian Karl Linnas (the vote was 6 history of Ukrainian religious ment paper on "Soviet Repression Church traveled to Israel to meet to 3, one vote short of what is thought at Harvard University; pub­ of the Ukrainian Catholic Church" with Mr. Demjanjuk. A fact-finding needed to grant review). Two days lishing an encyclopedia of Ukrai­ that was presented on September 28 visit to Israel was also undertaken in later, Justice Thurgood Marshall nian Christianity; and publishing a in conjunction with the 25th anni­ July by a delegation from Ameri­ granted a 25-day stay of deportation corpus of works documenting the versary celebrations of the Ukrai­ cans for Human Rights in Ukraine, a in order to allow Mr. Linnas' attor­ growth and development of Kievan nian Catholic Eparchy of Chicago. group that had been active in raising ney, former U.S. Attorney General Rus' Christianity and its influence The paper detailed religious perse­ funds for the Demjanjuk defense. Ramsey Clark to file a petition for a on the spiritual, cultural and politi­ cution in Ukraine and the under­ Upon his return to the United rehearing before the Supreme cal life of the Ukrainian nation. ground activity of the Ukrainian States, Bishop Antony began a Court. Mr. Linnas is accused of Throughout the U.S. and Canada, Catholic Church which continues to whirlwind tour of Ukrainian Ortho­ concealing his background as com­ various groups began observances exist despite Soviet repression. dox parishes in an effort to inform mandant of a Nazi death camp in Tartu, Estonia. A lower court had of the Millennium with religious Archbishop-Metropolitan Suiyk the public about the status of the ordered him deported to the USSR services, conferences and other made an impassioned plea for "our Demjanjuk case and raise funds for where in 1962, in absentia, he was events. Among them were the follow­ silenced brothers and sisters in the his defense. His partner on the tour ing: a conference on the Millennium found guilty and sentenced to death. Underground Church in Ukraine" to was Edward Nishnic, son-in-law of was organized in June by the Ukrai­ The verdict of the Soviet trial was Cardinal D. Simon Lourdusamy, the Mr. Demjanjuk and president/admi­ nian Academy of Arts and Sciences announced in the press even before new prefect of the Congregation for nistrator of the family-controlled as part of the Learned Societies the proceedings had begun. the oriental Churches in the Vatican John Demjanjuk Defense Fund. conference at the University of when the cardinal visited the Ukrai­ Bishop Antony will be the Ukrainian Back in the USSR, Feodor Fedo- Manitoba; a Millennium shrine was nian Catholic Archeparchy of Phila­ Orthodox Church's official observer renko, the first person to be extra- dedicated in Ottawa as the cross delphia in September. Metropolitan was hoisted to the top of St. John's Sulyk also addressed the issue of Ukrainian Catholic Church on Sep­ the Millennium and asked that a tember 14; the Ukraine Millennium Ukrainian Catholic bishop be named Foundation based in Toronto com­ to the See of Peremyshl, now in pleted the first half of the recording Poland, to serve Ukrainian Catho­ of 35 sacred choral concertos by lics in that country. Dmytro Bortniansky. In August, Metropolitan Mstyslav In other Church news, Bishop Neil officiated at solemnities in Philadel­ Savaryn of the Edmonton Ukrainian phia inaugurating the Ukrainian Catholic Eparchy died on January 8 Orthodox Church's celebration of at the age of 81. Bishop Demetrius the Millennium, while Bishop Inno­ Greschuk, apostolic administrator cent Lotocky of the Ukrainian Ca­ of the eparchy was nominated the tholic Church led over 1,000 Detroit- new Edmonton eparchy by Pope area Ukrainians in a Rite for the John Paul II on April 28. Renewal of Baptismal Grace in the And, finally, another shrine was Ukrainian Church in preparation for dedicated this year. St. Andrew's the Millennium. Ukrainian Orthodox Church in Silver In other news relating to Church Spring, Md., was dedicated to the affairs, the Ukrainian Catholic victims of the Chornobyl nuclear Church observed the anniversary of accident when Bishop Antony bless­ the 1946 liquidation of the Church in ed the church's cornerstone on Two versions of the "authentic" Trawniki ID card purportedly issued to John Ukraine by means of an illegal December 14. Demjanjuk. at the Demjanjuk trial once it re­ dited from the United States to the sumes in January. Soviet Union as a suspected war The hunt for Nazis A Jewish businessman from the criminal, was found guilty on June The biggest news of 1986 as con­ niki ID card purportedly issued by Cleveland area, Martin Lax, in No­ 19 of treason and mass murder by a cerns what we have conveniently the Nazis to Mr. Demjanjuk at the vember established the Adequate court in Simferopil, Crimea, in the labelled "the Nazi hunt" was no Trawniki training camp for guards. Representation Fund, whose goal is Ukrainian SSR. He was sentenced to doubt the extradition to Israel of The authenticity of this card had to raise funds for the Demjanjuk death, but the execution date was John Demjanjuk, a former Cleve­ been challenged in the United defense. Mr. Lax reasoned that Mr. not announced. land autoworker accused of being States, however, when it was used Demjanjuk is entitled to a fair trial The defamation campaign against "Ivan the Terrible," a brutal guard at against Mr. Demjanjuk by the Office and adequate legal representation, Ukrainians and other East Europeans and he said he hopes to receive the Treblinka dsath camp. of Special Investigations. In addi­ continued as Mr. Ryan continued to $600,000 in donations from Jews Mr. Demjanjuk was extradited tion, many in the United States and insist that the U.S. is harboring across the United States. from the United States on February Israel have questioned the propriety 10,000 war criminals — and he said 27. He was finally charged seven of using evidence provided by the In the United States, the Office of this is a conservative estimate. Special Investigations continued its months later, on September 29, with Soviets who are known for their One of the targets of attack was crimes against the Jewish people, disinformation apparatus. hunt for Nazis. Among the most important developments in various Mykola Lebed, a prominent leader primes against humanity, war Mr Demjanjuk and his attorney cases were the following. of the Organization of Ukrainian crimes and murder. The indictment continue to maintain that the 66- Nationalists, who was branded a was 17 pages long in Hebrew (26 year-old Ukrainian is a victim of The Supreme Court on November Nazi collaborator by The Village pages in English translation). Mr. mistaken identity. This claim has 10 agreed to hear the case of Juozas Voice in February. His longtime Demjanjuk faces the death penalty if been bolstered by reports from Kungys, a Lithuanian emigre who associate, Roman Kupchinsky of found guilty; his is the second war various sources that the real "Ivan" misrepresented the date and place Prolog Research, called the Voice's crimes trial to be held in Israel. was killed by Treblinka inmates. In of his birth when entering this coun­ article replete with "total distor­ The trial began on November 26, addition, a reproduction of the ID try and when applying for citizen­ tions" and "deliberate manipulation not January 19 as first scheduled, card allegedly issued to Mr, Dem­ ship. At issue is whether such misre­ of facts." A statement by the Ukrai­ when it became evident that under janjuk that appeared along with an presentations are material and are nian Supreme Liberation Council's Israeli law a trial must begin no later article titled "The Vampire Lived in reason enough to strip the defen­ External Representation protested than 60 days after a defendant is Cleveland" in the April 30 issue of dant of his citizenship. The Kungys this defamation of the Ukrainian charged. Thus the trial officially Molod Ukrainy, a newspaper pub­ defense was supported in its appeal liberation movement arid one of its opened and after less than an hour lished in Ukraine, was different from to the highest court by an amicus leaders. ; ^ )••• was recessed until January 19. the ID card seen earlier in the U.S. curiae brief initiated by the Ukrainian Though the defamation of East National Association's Heritage On December 17 it was learned and reproduced in "Quiet Neigh­ Europeans as Nazi collaborators Defense Committee and signed by that the Soviets had agreed to co­ bors," the book by former OSI direc­ continued, awareness of their con­ several other Ukrainian and East operate with the Israelis in the tor Allan A. Ryan Jr. Among the cerns was on the upswing. European organizations. prosecution of Mr. Demjanjuk. discrepancies: the photographs of In April, the Los Angeles Times Through the personal intervention the person alleged to be Ivan Dem­ The OSI alleges that Mr. Kungys published a two-part series on the of American industrialist Armand janjuk and their positions on the ID participated in the extermination of questionable use of Soviet^supplied Hammer, the USSR released to cards differ. Also some of the hand­ more than 2,000 Jews in Lithuania evidence by the Office of Special Israeli authorities the original Traw- written notations by a Soviet trans­ during World War II. The case will investigations in its prosecution of 1986: A LOOK BACK

denaturalization and deportation 50 cases to the federal government of mutual respect. Also in August, the ABA at its cases. The series by Robert Gillette for further investigation. It provides for annual visits by annual meeting in New York re­ was the first in a major newspaper to The Globe and Mail report five-person delegations, and joint jected a resolution by Attorneys focus on the concerns of East Euro­ prompted Jewish leaders to applaud symposia, electronic information Jejna and Huntwork, and their Task pean Americans as regards the OSI the work of the Deschenes Commis­ exchanges and a variety of other Force on ABA-Soviet Relations, that issue. sion. cooperative ventures to be decided would have abrogated ABA-ASL On July 13 The Washington Post "We are, of course, well pleased on in the future. formal ties. Supporters of the pact, reported that the OSI was now with Justice Deschenes' recom­ Opposition to the agreement on while agreeing there were disagree­ becoming sensitive to charges that mendations and findings and con­ the basis of Soviet human-rights ments with the policies of the ASL, it was using fraudulent Soviet evi­ gratulate him for a job well done," violations started this year and is argued that it provides an opportu­ dence in its work, and on August 29, said a December 12 statement by being led by attorneys Patience T. nity for dialogue. Post correspondent Jay Matthews the Toronto office of the Simon Huntwork and Orest A. Jejna, both In September 12-13 at the first wrote that Karl Linnas should be Wiesenthal Center. of Phoenix, Ariz. Both attorneys ABA-ASL joint seminar, held at Dart- tried for war crimes in the U.S. Eastern European community have stated that the ASL is not a bar mouth College, a flap occurred instead of being shipped off to the leaders, however, said most of the association but an elite group of between the dissident ABA group Soviet Union where he faces the options listed are unacceptable, individuals chosen by the USSR's and Soviet lawyers. The Task Force death sentence handed down in particularly the proposal to set up an Central Committee for the role of charged that human rights did not 1962. OSI-type body on Canadian soil. disinforming public opinion in the receive sufficient treatment at the On September 28, The Washing­ Several Eastern European leaders U.S. concerning the Soviet legal meeting. When the question of hu­ ton Post printed an article by Patrick said privately that the reported system. man rights was raised, the Soviet Buchanan, White House communi­ recommendations handed down by In light of this, a major topic of lawyers simply denied there were cations director, which argued that Judge Deschenes appear to have discussion within the ABA this year any human-rights problems in their John Demjanjuk is a victim of mis­ come from submissions submitted was whether the ABA should honor country and instead tried to shift the taken identity and that the infamous by Jewish groups during the com­ its agreement with the ASL. focus to alleged flaws in the Ameri­ mission's public hearings. Trawniki ID card was in fact a for­ I n an effort to dismantle the agree­ can justice system. gery crafted by the Soviets. In interviews with Jewish and ment the Huntwork-Jejna team as­ A list of questions submitted by Other news media, too, began to Eastern European leaders, however, certained in August that the ASL is Myron Boluch, a lawyer acting on see things in a different light. there was unanimous agreement openly anii-Semitic. The accusation behalf of the Task Force, the Ukrai­ that Judge Deschenes' recommen­ In Canada, Prime Minister Brian was termed "irrelevant" to the agree­ nian American Coordinating Coun­ dation to amend the Criminal Code Mulroney decided in early 1985 to ment by the ABA and was not seen as cil and the Ukrainian Congress would most likely arouse the least establish a royal commission to grounds to abrogate the agreement. Committee of America, was never controversy. investigate the possible presence of The answer came in response to addressed at the seminar. The ques­ war criminals in Canada, he re­ The government is expected to questions posed by Ms. Huntwork tions focused on the cases of Ukrai- portedly did so against the advice of release the public section of the which stemmed from a June state­ nian dissidents Lev Lukianenko, senior advisers in his own office and report — which includes descrip­ ment that said ABA officials were Yuriy Shukhevych and the late Vasyl tions of some 800 cases investigated the Justice Department. aware of the ASL's anti-Semitic Stus, the famine of 1932-33 and the by the commission — early in the Almost two years later, Quebec stance. Chornobyl nuclear disaster. New Year. Superior Court Justice Jules Des- chenes, the head of the one man But few people expect the govern- commission, has submitted his two- ment to respond quickly to the Ukrainian community in U.S. report — despite the Wiesenthal part report to the government, which The year began on a hopeful note cluded its work. All the articles of has until the end of the first half of Center's plea that the government must move quickly because it does with the first annual meeting of the new by-laws for a new central or­ January to decide what to do with Ukrainian American Coordinating ganization were approved by all the explosive document. "not have unlimited time to bring World War II war criminals to jus­ Council's National Council, the three parties — except for the article Throughout his 22-month investi­ tice." body that sets policy for the um­ concerning the name of the new gation, Judge Deschenes has sh­ brella organization. Delegates to the body. The ad hoc committee asked rouded the work of the commission In Australia, the government set up a Deschenes-type probe to de­ February 1 meeting approved a plan that the UACC and UCCA resolve in a tight blanket of secrecy. No one, of action and a budget for the UACC this matter with the cooperation of not even the minister of justice, was termine what course of action to take on the war criminals issue. The and elected Dr. Bohdan Shebun- the neutral organizations. to have had knowledge of the chak. to chair the National Council's The UACC's position on this pro­ judge's key recommendations be­ investigation was launched on June 5, and Andrew Menzies, a re­ presidium. The plan of action posal was that it agreed to the by­ fore the report was handed over to reflected the myriad concerns that laws and to the proposed name for the government. tired bureaucrat from the attorney general's office, was named its had been raised at the UACC's first the new organization, Ukrainian On December 12, however, The head. national convention held in October American Congress, and that it was of 1985. Globe and Mail Canada's national The Executive Council of Austra­ ready to take the next step, that is, to newspaper, carried a front-page lian Jewry had requested the inquiry During the course of the year, the prepare for an extraordinary con­ report by Michael Bociurkiw that after it obtained information on UACC and the other umbrella body gress of Ukrainian Americans to outlined the judge's findings. Quot­ some 150 suspected war criminals of Ukrainian Americans recognized take place in mid-1987. ing unidentified government sour­ in the country, including Baits, by the World Congress of Free The UCCA, meanwhile, stated ces, the report said the government Ukrainians and Germans. The Si­ Ukrainians, that is, the Ukrainian that it did not agree to the proposal would be advised of the following mon Wiesenthal Center gave the Congress Committee of America, to draft new by-laws for a new legal options to deal with the pre­ Australian government the names worked as separate entities. central organization, but merely to a sence of war criminals in Canada: and addresses of 40 suspected war Meanwhile, negotiations conti­ revision of the existing UCCA by­ • creating a permanent war cri­ criminals in Australia — all of them nued between representatives of the laws. Nor did the UCCA approve of minals investigative unit similar to Latvians and Lithuanians — it was two bodies on the re-establishment the proposal to change the name of the U.S. Office of Special Investiga­ reported in October. of one central organization for the central body of Ukrainian Ame­ Ukrainian Americans. In October, tions; Then, on December 5, the Men­ ricans to the Ukrainian American the ad hoc committee established to • amending the Criminal Code to zies probe recommended the esta­ Congress because this would mean work toward this goal — among allow war criminals to be tried in blishment of an OSI-type unit in that the UCCA was being liquidated whose members were representa­ Canada according to Canadian Australia to seek out Nazi war cri­ — a proposal that was simply un­ tives of both the UACC and UCCA, rules of evidence; minals. Whether such a unit should acceptable. In addition, the UCCA as well as the neutral organizations • negotiating extradition treaties be established and how it should said it opposed convening an extra­ that belong to neither umbrella with Israel and the Soviet Union so operate are left to a decision of the ordinary congress; instead, a UCCA organization — issued its report. It that war criminals can be deported government that is expected in congress should be held which stated that following 10 meetings to those countries for trial. early 1987. could then consider changing the and 112 hours of office work con­ name of the central organization of The judge was also said to have In other developments, the Wie­ ducted during the course of 18 Ukrainian Americans. recommended judicial action senthal Center also provided lists of months, the committee had con­ against more than 12 Canadian Nazi suspects to Sweden (12 One step forward, two steps back? residents. It was also reported that names), Canada, (26), Britain (17), the commission will refer more than Venezuela (3) and Brazil (1). Ukrainian community in Canada Ukrainian Canadian leaders evi­ That's a responsibility which has U.S.-Soviet lawyers pact dently decided in October that it's left other UCC presidents scratch­ finally time to give their umbrella ing their heads. Canadian-born This year saw a major contro­ ABA's executive director, the organization a new look. Ukrainians make up 90 percent of versy erupt within the ranks of the 300,000-member internationally The election of Dmytro Cipywnyk, the community in the prairie pro­ American Bar Association (ABA) known organization was formally 59, to president of the Ukrainian vinces, and all attempts to make the because of that organization's ties linked to the Soviets by a coopera­ Canadian Committee, brings to UCC responsive to their needs have with the Association of Soviet Law­ tive agreement of indefinite dura­ helm of that organization a man who yielded little. yers (ASL). tion. The agreement, which re­ is said to have what it takes to attract The more than 500 delegates that The flap started in May 1985 portedly was proposed and drafted the growing number of Ukrainians came to Winnipeg for the 15th UCC when, under a document signed by by the Soviets, contains expressions that were born in Canada. congress took part in a parley that 1986: A LOOK BACK

will probably go down in history as charged with the arduous task of one of the most quiet and orderly finding ways to increase the involve­ Ukrainian National Association Ukrainian community gatherings: ment of Ukrainians born in Canada. During 1986, the Ukrainian Na­ convention delegates in June, when there was little dissention between The report —- which was expected tional Association turned 92 and they adopted a resolution stating rival groups; student and youth to stir a considerable amount of held its 31st Regular~Convention on that the time was not ripe for merger, groups kept a safe distance from the controversy but sailed through with May 26 through 30 in Dearborn, a but that talks should be renewed on controversial policies presented at just a tad of huffing and puffing from suburb of Detroit. UNA assets sur­ this matter when the need arises. other congresses by their predeces­ emigre community leaders — was passed $55 million. sors; and the usually critical Ukrai­ touted by its architects as a docu­ Back at the home office in Jersey At the convention, John Flis was City, the Supreme Executive Com­ nian Canadian right-wing organiza­ ment that spells out policies which re-elected supreme president over tions even found room in their publi­ the Ukrainian community needs to mittee on July 1 named Henry Floyd former supreme president Joseph the association's first national sales cations for up-beat reports of the guarantee its survival into the next Lesawyer. The only newcomers to congress. decade. , ; director. Last time we checked, Mr. the Supreme Assembly were Leonid Floyd was busy hiring and training a The newly elected UCC president According to the report, the com­ Fil and Alex Chudolij, who were professional sales force for Batko is expected to have few problems munity requires such government elected supreme advisors. Two as­ Soyuz. adapting to his national respon­ initiatives as: dramatic increases in sembly members, Supreme Advisor Also during 1986, the UNA on sibilities. A former president of the funding for bilingual education Anna Haras, who ran for supreme June 15, Father's Day, dedicated a Saskatchewan Branch of the UCC, programs and cultural endeavors; a vice-presidentess, and supreme new senior citizens residence at Dr. Cipywnyk leaves an organi­ major restructuring of the federal auditor Dr. Bohdan Hnatiuk, who Soyuzivka. The 10-room building is zation which maintains an annual multiculturalism program; and pro­ ran for re-election to that position, seen as the first phase of seniors budget of upwards of $700,000, and vincial legislation that will entrench lost bids for office. Stefan Hawrysz, housing at and near the upstate New uses state-of-the-art computers to existing bilingual education pro­ whose position as supreme orga­ York resort.. prepare funding proposals to go­ grams in western Canada. nizer was eliminated as an elective Another highlight of year was the vernment agencies. It didn't take long fonthe report to office, was voted in as a supreme Op Sail party at the UNA headquar­ At year's end, the newly elected make waves in western Canada. auditor. ters overlooking the Hudson River. president had already met with Wilson Parasiuk, a Ukrainian in the The convention was addressed by UNA'ers from far and near — 400 of senior government officials on Par­ Manitoba cabinet, promised the Deputy Secretary of Defense Wil­ them — marvelled at the bird's eye liament Hill, and he is looking for­ group he would "popularize" the liam Howard Taft IV, and a message view of the parade of ships marking ward to cutting the ribbon soon on a report's findings among his Cabinet from President Ronald Reagan was Lady Liberty's centennial that they new Ukrainian community lobbying colleagues. read at the convention banquet. saw from atop the UN^buHrJjnrj., office in Ottawa. Other western provinces are ex­ Especially noteworthy was the Dr. Cipywnyk's plans include pected to take a serious look at the convention's approval of an amend­ I^hif A^as^the year that the ($ik ridding the organization of its obso­ report, which was described by one ment to the UNA By-Laws that gives sponsored the U.S. tour of a Ukrai­ lete Winnipeg office, and streamlin­ pundit as a blueprint for currying the UNA Supreme Assembly autho­ nian men's chorus from Poland, ing UCC operations with new com­ favor among Ukrainians on the rity to establish a UNA board of Zhuravli; published a book about puters and communications equip­ prairies. directors for Canada which will the massacre of 10,000 Ukrainians ment. But the report is not expected to conduct UNA activities in that coun­ at Vinnytsia by the NKVD (Soviet Other than choosing a new presi­ attract many supporters on Parlia­ try under the jurisdiction of the secret police) in both the Ukrainian dent and executive, the UCC dele­ ment Hill, where a Conservative Supreme Executive Committee. The and English languages by the late gates quietly endorsed the findings government is desperately struggl­ amendment also provided for an Svoboda editor-in-chief emeritus of a major study conducted by the ing to find ways to reduce a huge office and a separate budget for the Anthony Dragan (see "Deaths in the Ukrainian Community Development federal deficit before the next elec- UNA's Canadian operations, ; ;€orr^ury^;;^ Committee-- a UCC subcommittee Sen. Paul Yuzyk, the UNA'S su­ provided the funding for a teachers' preme director for Canada, died on seminar on the Great Famine of July 9 following a brief battle with 1932-33 organized by Supreme Ukrainians in politics cancer (see "Deaths in the commu­ Vice-President Myron B. Kuropas (see "Documentation of the fa­ Ukrainians became involved in (Ray) Hnatyshyn became a justice nity"). At an extraordinary session mine"); and initiated an amicus politics this year in a way that they minister after a major pre-election of the Supreme Assembly convened curiae brief supporting theSupreme just haven't in the past. The change Cabinet shuffle by Canadian Prime on October 4, that body elected Court appeal of a Lithuanian emigre was most evident in the United Minister Brian Mulroney on June 30. Supreme Auditor John Hewryk as whose case will have direct impact States. For the first time in several The mid-term overhaul was a result the new Canadian director. His on thousands of East Europe^ns years, a Ukrainian made a bid for the of an opinion poll which showed the position on the Auditing Commit­ who emigrated to this country after House of Representatives. Mike Mulroney government was trailing tee, in turn, was filled by Leonid Fil, a World War II (see "the hunt for Kostiw, a newcomer on the Florida by three percentage points behind, newly elected supreme advisor. Nazis"). political scene, decided to run for the Liberals. Myron Spolsky, a young Winnipeg- the 16th Congressional District near Ukrainians were also very active ger, was elected to fill the resultant As usual, the UNA remembered its Miami. Although he lost in the pri­ in the Prairie Provinces this year as vacancy among the supreme ad­ student members, allocating a new maries, he did win the support of the well. visors. record amount of scholarship aid for Miami Herald, one of the most pre­ In Saskatchewan's general elec­ The long-talked-about merger of 1986-87 — $110,000 — to 217 stu­ stigious newspapers in the United tion on October 20, Roy Romanow, the UNA and the Ukrainian Fraternal dents throughout the United States States; he has now also established 44, of the pro-labor New Democratic Association was nixed by the latter's and Canada. himself as a serious contender for Party (NDP) regained the seat he 1988. had lost by 19 votes in 1982 to Jo- Soviet defectors in Afghanistan ©ra the state and local levels, Ann Zazelenchuk, 28, the candidate Most Canadians were startled that political newcomers Mark Muro- from the ruling Progressive Conser­ five appeared November 25 at a their government had risked da­ wany and Christine Zarycky, while vative (PC) party. Toronto news conference orga­ maging relations with the Soviet losing their bids for public office, Alberta Ukrainians suffered a nized by their sponsors, the Cana­ Union by secretly spiriting five Red also garnered name recognition, major upset on May 10. The most dian Ukrainian Immigrant Aid So­ Army defectors out of Afghanistan which will help them in future elec­ stunning upset was the defeat of ciety. in November. tions. Mr. Murowany, 30, ran in one one-time Progressive Conservative Earlier, the defectors met with To many, the extraordinary fo­ of the most important races for the Party leadership hopeful and Muni­ Soviet Embassy officials and told reign policy decision was remini­ state legislature in Delaware. Ms. cipal Affairs Minister Julian Koziak, them that they have no desire to scent of the role Canada played in Zarycky, 21, is possibly the youn­ who lost his Edmonton seat by more return to their homeland. surreptitiouslygetting a group of gest person in the Ukrainian com­ than 2,000 vote's to the NDP candi­ American diplomats out of Iran One of the five, Ihor Kovalchuk — munity to run for political office. A date. during the hostage crisis. a 25-year-old factory worker frdrri political science major at Wayne Bill Diachuk, a Ukrainian in Pre­ Kharkiv — was said to be of Ukrai­ State University, she sought the mier Don Getty's Cabinet missed The group defected to Afghan nian and Byelorussian origin. office of county commissioner in the being re-elected by a wide margin guerrilla forces in 1983, and for CUIAS has offered to pay his ex­ 1st District, near Detroit. due to a surprising breakthrough by more than three years, External his major opponent, NDP candidate Affairs officials refused to bend penses while he lives with a Ukrai­ In other news, a Ukrainian, Theo­ Ed Ewasiuk. immigration rules to allow them to nian family. dore Romankow, was sworn in on Another disappointment was the enter Canada. Canadian officials will not say January 1 as the mayor of Berkeley appointment of a non-Ukrainian to But after a series of embarrassing whether additional rescue efforts Heights, N.J. the Senate seat which was vacated reports on the defectors written by are planned. But Ludmiila Thorne, Ukrainian Canadians have been by the untimely death of Sen. Paul Globe and Mail reporter Victor Mr- director of Freedom House's Center much more involved in the political Yuzyk in July. Ukrainians had hoped larek, the government, in what it for Appeals for Freedom, a New mainstream. This year proved to be that Sen. Yuzyk's seat would be filled called a "humanitarian act," brought York-based human-rights organiza­ no different. Edmonton Mayor Lau­ by another Ukrainian, but this did five of the six soldiers to Canada. tion that helped publicize the defec­ rence Decore won a resounding not prove to be the case. MiraSpivak, The sixth was left behind because tors' plight, said additional rescue victory in October by a 2.3 to 1 52, of Winnipeg, an employee oithe he was too far inside Afghanistan. missions will be difficult because of majority...... Winnipeg Social Planning Council After a series of medical examina­ publicity surrounding the escape Also, earlier in the year, Ramon was appointed to that post tions and debriefing sessions, the r#t|Ke used by Gmmjm^ s ^ 1986: A LOOK BACK

association of Ukrainian American dean of students at Manor Junior Student life professionals, on October 18-19. College, was installed as the col­ The conference succeeded in at­ lege's new president in April. The first bit of student news in the Ukrainian student movement in tracting Zbigniew Brzezinski, na­ 1986 was that SUSK, the Ukrainian the U.S. • Brig. Gen. Nicholas S. H. Kraw- tional security adviser in the Carter Canadian Students' Union, had The 50 or so delegates at the ciw, executive to the supreme allied administration, to serve as the lun­ decided, at its three-day national SUSTA congress elected Andrew commander in Europe, was among cheon speaker. Among the topics winter conference, not to join the Futey, 20, a student at George Wash­ the 86 outstanding immigrants ho­ covered in the conference's ambi­ newly revitalized worldwide Central ington University, as president. nored with New York's Liberty tious program were: successful Union of Ukrainian Students Two months later, SUSTA mem­ Awards in July 1 ceremonies led by lobbying, the future of the Ukrainian (CeSUS), SUSK delegates who at­ bers came to Washington to learn Mayor Edward I. Koch. diaspora and media relations. tended an international student how to deal with the government • Concert pianist Daria Telizyn, conference in December of 1985 and the bureaucracy, as well as with • The centennial of the birth of 26, held four concerts to call atten­ had withheld their endorsement of a the news media, during a weekend world-renowned Cubist artist Alek- tion to the plight of victims of the document calling for CeSUS's re­ seminar on lobbying, campaigning sander Archipenko (1887-1964) was Chornobyl nuclear accident. The vival pending approval from the and media relations organized for commemorated at the National Gal­ concerts, with the first held on SUSK membership at large. the students, as well as other in­ lery of Art in Washington with an September 14, benefitted the Ame­ terested community activists, by the exhibition containing 42 of his sculp­ rican Cancer Society. Ms. Telizyn SUSK's winter conference, an Ukrainian National Information Ser­ tures, paintings and drawings. The said she was testing the waters for annual event held in western Ca­ vice. The conference was called majority of the works had never 1987 when she planned to do 365 nada, attracted more than 50 stu­ Washington Horizons II. been seen in the United States. The concerts in 365 days —- also as dents to Winnipeg on February 14- SUSK members gathered in their exhibit is co-organized with the Tel- benefits for the American Cancer 16. nation's capital in May to learn the Aviv Museum, which has the finest Society in the name of Chornobyl's Meanwhile, down under (from the techniques of successful lobbying collection of the Ukrainian-born unfortunate. Canadian perspective, that is) in the and then put them into practice by artist's early works. The exhibit, • Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, U.S. United States, Ukrainian Student informing their federal legislators of which opened on November 16, will ambassador to the Bahamas and Outreach continued its activity. the Ukrainian community's con­ run through February 16, 1987, and former president of the Ukrainian Meeting on February 16 in New cerns about the Deschenes Com­ will then travel to Tel-Aviv. Congress Committee of America, Brunswick, N.J., student leaders was one of 83 American ethnics to mission of Inquiry on war criminals The following were among the voted to replace the three-member receive the Ellis Island Medal of in Canada. notable people of 1986. USO coordinating body with a Honor on October 27. TUSM, the Ukrainian Students • Mike Ditka, coach of the Chi­ council of student club presidents. • Globe and Mail reporter Victor Association of Mykola Michnowsky, cago Bears, in January became the The students also decided to partici­ Malarek received the 1985 Michener continued to be active in the United first Ukrainian to lead a football pate in the announced congress of Award for "meritorious and distin­ States this year as always with its team to a Superbowl victory. As a the then-defunct Federation of guished public service in journa­ own particular agenda of demon­ result, he also became the only Ukrainian Student Organizations of lism" on November 7 for a series of strations, human-rights campaigns Ukrainian ever to make an American America (SUSTA). stories on the problems of unseen and ideological seminars. Express commerical. (Chy znayete immigrants in Canada. Once SUSTA was re-established CeSUS representatives, meeting khto ya?) at a conference held April 11-13 in in Washington in August, discussed • Canadian recording artist Luba • Lisa Sawka, 16, a Winnipeg Chicago, Ukrainian Student Cut- by-laws changes and decided to Kowalchuk was named the best Ukrainian, was chosen Miss Teen reach quietly withered away, having convene the organization's next female vocalist of the year by the Canada in March. The student of provided an impetus to the revival of congress in March of 1967. Canadian Academy of Recording Garden City Collegiate hopes to Arts and Sciences on November 10. become a veterinarian. This was the second consecutive Notable events, people • Dr. Bohdan Krawchenko took year that she had received the Juno over as director of the Edmonton- Some of the most notable events of casualties. However, the Holocaust award in this category. Her band, based Canadian Institute of Ukrai­ Luba, received Juno nominations in and persons of 1986 defy categori­ Awareness Institute decided to nian Studies on July 1. zation, hence, this section. scrap the proposal for a Holocaust the categories of best composer and best album graphics. Among the notable events of the monument rather than recall non- • Sister Mary Cecilia Jurasinski, year were the following. Jewish victims. Some Jewish Holo­ • At the weeklong International caust survivors felt it would be Deaths in the community PEN Congress held in New York in "indecent to place on one monu­ February, thesix-memberUkrainian ment, side by side, nations who have During 1986, Ukrainians learned • Yaroslav Stetzko, 74, head of delegation of the Ukrainian Writers' to assume some responsibility for of the passing of several prominent the Organization of Ukrainian Na­ Association Slovo raised the cases the crimes, and the victims," stated a community leaders and cultural tionalists (revolutionary faction) of their persecuted colleagues in memo from an institute leader. activists. Among them were the and prime minister of Ukraine during Ukraine. They handed out leaflets, • The Symon Petliura Ukrainian following. World War II — July 5. took part in discussions and spoke Library in Paris was vandalized • Yuriy Deba, 72, Ukrainian Ca­ • Paul Yuzyk, 73, Canadian sena­ person-to-person with renowned twice during 1986. The incidents nadian businessman who donated tor for 23 years, "Father of Multicul- literary figures from around the took place on March 29 and June4. $100,000 for the construction of a turalism," chairman of the Human world. Resolutions calling for the Vandals ransacked the library, stole monument in Jerusalem in memory Rights Commission of the World release of Mykola Rudenko, Yuriy several historic artifacts, and des­ of victims of Communist and Nazi Congress of Free Ukrainians, the Badzio and other persecuted writers troyed pysanky, display cases and terror in Ukraine — January 2. Ukrainian National Association's in the Soviet Union were passed. cabinets. Also on June 4, the St. • Bishop Neil N. Savaryn OSBM, supreme director for Canada, histo­ Symon Ukrainian Autocephalous 81, of the Edmonton Eparchy of the rian — July 9. •Stamps issued last year by the Orthodox Church, which is located Ukrainian Catholic Church — Ja­ • Maria Levytsky, 68, actress and Solidarity underground made their in the same building as the library, nuary 8. director of Ukrainian theater in way to the West during 1986. The was desecrated and several reli­ • Anthony Dragan, 73, longtime Canada — August 7. three stamps asked for the indepen­ gious items were stolen. editor-in-chief of the Ukrainian- • John Oryniak, 70, national trea­ dence of Poland, Ukraine and Li­ • The unveiling and dedication of language daily newspaper Svoboda, surer of Americans for Human thuania. The Ukrainian stamp fea­ Brazil's monument to Ukrainian author, member of Organization of Rights in Ukraine — August 25. tured the legendary St. George on poet laureate Taras Shevchenko Ukrainian Nationalists — February • Augustine Stefan, 93, speaker horseback slaying a dragon and the took place in August at the Ukraina 2. of the Diet (parliament) of Carpatho- prayer: "St. George, our patron, we Plaza in Prudentopolis. The statue is • The Rev. John Barchuk, 82, Ukraine, and minister of education ask for an independent Ukraine." the creation of sculptor Leo Mol. Ukrainian Baptist pastor, preacher during that state's brief existence —- • Recalling their success in 1983 • In Connecticut, a connecting and writer, executive officer of the September 4. in having a memorial park dedicated highway off Route 72 was named for Ukrainian Evangelical Baptist Con­ • Anthony J. Kutcber, 66, former to victims of the Babyn Yar mas­ Taras Shevchenko. Taras Shev­ vention of Churches in the United national commander of Ukrainian sacre recall not only the Jewish, but chenko Expressway runs between States — March 13. American Veterans — October 2. the Ukrainian victims of this Nazi New Britain and Newington. More • Stefan Rosocha, 78, editor of act, Denver's Ukrainians tried this than 600 persons including Gov. Vilne Slovo, a Ukrainian-language • Vitaliy Sazonov, artist who emi­ year to have a monument to Holo­ William O'Neill and various state weekly newspaper published in grated from Ukraine in 1981, was caust victims cite the non-Jewish and local officials attended the Toronto and cabinet minister in the found dead in his apartment in victims as well. The Ukrainians were opening ceremonies on July 17. The short-lived Carpatho-Ukrainian go­ Munich sometime in mid-October. A joined in this effort by other ethnic day was especially rewarding to vernment — April 20. farewell note was found next to the communities of the area and, thus, Michael Mowchan,who worked for • Ihor Olshaniwsky, 56, president body and police quickly ruled the the Colorado Ethnic Committee was two years to make the Shevchenko and founding member of Americans death a suicide. An autopsy reveal­ formed. The committee proposed highway a reality. for Human Rights in Ukraine, chair­ ed that the cause of death was most that the inscription on the monu­ • Most notable among the many man of the Committee for the De­ likely a heart attack. ment, to be located on the grounds of worthwhile conferences and semi­ fense of Valentyn Moroz — May 8. • Metropolitan Andrei Kuschak, the State Capitol, include the names nars held this year was the Washing­ • Natalia Kotowych, renowned 85, titular metropolitan of Eukarpia, of the nations who perished at the ton Leadership Conference spon­ pianist and president of the Ukrai­ primate of the Ukrainian Orthodox hands of the Nazis and the number sored by The Washington Group, an nian Music Institute — June 11. Church in America — November 17.