1986: A LOOK BACK the limelight this year within the her release. She and Mr. Herash- Human rights in the USSR context of U.S.-Soviet relations. chenko arrived in London on De­ Anatoly Shcharansky, the 38- cember 18 and announced their In the human-rights arena, we tion marking the anniversary was year-old human-rights activist and intention to stay. witnessed some interesting deve­ also held in New York at the Ukrai­ Helsinki monitor, was released from Persecution of the leaders of the lopments in all areas of civil, reli­ nian Institute of America on Decem­ Chistopol prison on February 12 in Ukrainian Catholic (Uniate) Church gious and national dissent. General ber 16. an elaborately planned East-West reportedly continued. News of Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev's new The Weekly joined other Ukrai­ prisoner swap. He joined his wife, Yosyp Terelia's incarceration in policy of encouraging "glasnost" or nian organizations in the West in Avital, in Jerusalem, and was joined Camp No. 36 — which has come to openness, seemed, at least for pro­ commemorating the UHG's 10th there by the rest of his family from be known as a "death camp" — near paganda purposes, to have spread birthday by devoting its November9 Moscow in August. Kuchino in the Perm region of Rus­ to the area concerning prisoners of issue to the group, its concerns as Moscow Helsinki Group leader sia, reached The Weekly in January, conscience, mostly those well- revealed in its memoranda, as well and founder Yuri Orlov, 62, was six months after the leader of the known in the West. Western pres­ as its membership. released from internal exile in Yaku­ Initiative Group for the Defense of sure helped prompt the release this There were some encouraging tia and was forced to emigrate to the the Rights of Believers and the year of the better-known human- signs about the Helsinki movement. United States with his wife, Irina Church in Ukraine was given a 12- rights activists and leaders of the Samvydav recently obtained by the Valitova, in connection with the year sentence for "anti-Soviet agit­ Helsinki movement in the USSR, UHG's external representatives re­ Nicholas Daniloff affair. prop." while several previously unknown vealed a new member, Vasyl Kor- Nobel laureate and Helsinki moni­ We also obtained details in March dissidents fell subject to arrest and nylo, a 66-year-oid physician from tor Andrei Sakharov and his wife, from the trial of Ukrainian sculptor incarceration. the Lviv oblast, who had joined the Elena Bonner, a founding member, Petro Ruban, who was tried in Pry- Late 1986 ushered in a new de­ group before his arrest and impri­ arrived home in Moscow on Decem­ luky, Chernihiv region, in December cade in the still struggling Helsinki sonment in February 1980 for cir­ ber 23 after they received an official 1985 and was sentenced to nine movement in Ukraine. While mem­ culating Ukrainian nationalist litera­ pardon from General Secretary years' strict-regimen labor camp bers of the External Representation ture. The revelation indicated that Gorbachev on December 16 and and five years' exile. there may be more Helsinki moni­ of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group were permitted to leave their place A new incident of religious perse­ tors unknown to the West.Mr. Kor- marked the group's 10th anniver­ of exile in the closed city of Gorky. cution was reported in July. Pavel sary on November 9, 17 of the nylo is serving a 10-year sentence in Ms. Bonner had been allowed to Protsenko, a young Orthodox group's now-known 40 members a special-regimen labor camp to be travel earlier this year to the West, church activist and librarian from continued to serve sentences in followed by five years in internal namely Italy and the United States, Kiev, was arrested on June 4 at the prisons, labor camps and internal exile. on a six-month visa for medical home of a nun, Sister Serafima. He exile. Mykola Horbal, Vitaliy Kalyny- Olha Heyko Matusevych, one of treatment for heart and eye ailments was tried and sentenced in Kiev on chenko, Ivan Kandyba, Yaroslav the UHG's youngest members at after Dr. Sakharov went on a hunger November 18-19 to three years in a Lesiv, Lev Lukianenko, Myroslav age 33 and a philologist, was re- strike to demand the trip. labor camp for writing a manuscript According to Mr. Orlov, the re­ detailing the persecution of mem­ lease of the Nobel-prize-winning bers of the Russian Orthodox physicist and human-rights advo­ Church, which was found on his cate was probably due to Soviet person upon his arrest. embarrassment over the tragic death Ukrainian peace activist and a of another Moscow Helsinki Group founding member of the "unofficial" founding member, Anatoly Mar­ yet well-known Moscow Group for chenko, on December 8 in a Chisto­ Establishment of Trust Between the pol prison hospital. Mr. Marchenko, East and the West, also called the 48, had been on a hunger strike Moscow Trust Group, Alexandr demanding the release of all Soviet Shatravka, was released on June 23 prisoners of conscience, among from a Siberian labor camp where other things, since August 4 when he spent the last five years for "anti- he penned a letter to the delegates at Soviet activity" and was exiled to the the Vienna Helsinki review confe­ United States. Ivan Kandyba, Vitaliy Kalynychenko and Lev Lukianenko were cited by newly rence, vowing to maintain his fast Ukrainian dissident, writer and released Soviet dissident Yuri Orlov as three Ukrainian Helsinki monitors until the meeting's conclusion. author of a manuscript called "The whose plight was most terrible. There had been reports that Mr. Right to Live," Yuriy Badzio, began Marchenko was on the verge of Marynovych, Mykola Matusevych, leased from a Mordovian labor camp his five-year term of exile in Yakutia being released early from a 15-year Mart Nikius, Vasyl Ovsienko, Vikto- on March 12 after she completed her on May 18 after serving seven years sentence for anti-Soviet agitation ras Petkus, Oksana Popovych, My­ latest term of three years, which she of detention in Mordovian labor and propaganda. kola Rudenko, Yuriy Shukhevych, served immediately following her camps. He was arrested in April Danylo Shumuk, Vasyl Striltsiv and first term, also of three years. She Another well-known Soviet dissi­ 1979 for the book, a detailed analysis Yosyf Zisels continued their strug­ was granted permission to live in dent, Anatoly Koryagin, an activist in of the cultural, economic and politi­ gle. Kiev with her seriously ill mother for the Helsinki-related Working Com­ cal situation in Ukraine. mission to investigate the Abuse of Thanks to the efforts of Ameri­ one year. Kateryna Zarytska Soroka, a long­ Psychiatry for Political Purposes, cans for Human Rights in Ukraine News also reached the West that time member of the Organization of was reportedly rearrested in Chisto­ (AHRU), the UHG's 10th anniver­ another UHG member, VasylSichko, Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) who pol prison in October 1985, accord­ sary served as the occasion for the who was released from prison in the spent some 30 years in Polish and ing to reports we received in March U.S. Senate and House of Represen­ summer of 1985 was suffering from Soviet prisons and camps, died on of this year. Mr. Koryagin, who is tatives to pass companion resolu­ tuberculosis and was reportedly August 29 in western Ukraine after a serving a 12-year sentence, was tions in October calling on the being treated in a special sanato­ prolonged illness. The wife of nominated twice this year for the president and secretary of state to rium in western Ukraine. another veteran political prisoner Nobel Peace Prize. pressure the Soviets into releasing Perhaps the saddest news regard- and OUN activist Mykhailo Soroka, the Ukrainian and other Helsinki ing relatives of UHG members Two members of the renewed who had died in a labor camp in monitors from incarceration and reached the West early in the year, Georgian Helsinki Group, Tenghiz 1971, Ms. Zarytska headed the U- allowing those who desire to emi­ that is, news of the untimely death of Gudava and Emmanuel Tvaladze, krainian Red Cross in Lviv during grate to do so. AHRU also organized Olena Antoniv Krasivska on Feb­ were tried and sentenced in early World War II, providing aid to mem­ what turned out to be a very suc­ ruary 2 in the collision of a taxi cab, Ju ne for "anti-Soviet agit-prop." Both bers of the Ukrainian Insurgent cessful reception for the UHG's truck and streetcar in Lviv. The 48- Mr. Gudava, who received a 10-year Army (UPA). She died at age 72 and external reps as well as for members year-old physician was the wife of sentence, and Mr. Tvaladze, who was buried in Lviv's Lychakivsky of the House and Senate, and other UHG member and longtime political was sentenced to eight years' incar­ cemetery. prisoner Zinoviy Krasivsky, who had ceration, were members of the dignitaries on September 23 in Another veteran Ukrainian politi­ completed his latest term of impri­ Phantom musical group. Washington. cal prisoner and UPA member, Vasyl sonment only a few months before Iryna Ratushynska, the renowned On October 15, five members of Pidhorodetsky, was arrested and the Moscow and Ukrainian Helsinki her death. Soviet poet and human-rights advo­ cate from Kiev, was prematurely sentenced in late 1985 to one year of groups were reunited in Washington There were also reports in Octo­ released from prison in October on imprisonment, according to reports at a luncheon and press conference ber that the Soviets may allow 72- the eve of the Iceland summit and that reached The Weekly in March.