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The Toro Historical Review
THE TORO HISTORICAL REVIEW Native Communities in Colonial Mexico Under Spanish Colonial Rule Vannessa Smith THE TORO HISTORICAL REVIEW Prior to World War II and the subsequent social rights movements, historical scholarship on colonial Mexico typically focused on primary sources left behind by Iberians, thus revealing primarily Iberian perspectives. By the 1950s, however, the approach to covering colonial Mexican history changed with the scholarship of Charles Gibson, who integrated Nahuatl cabildo records into his research on Tlaxcala.1 Nevertheless, in his subsequent book The Aztecs under Spanish Rule Gibson went back to predominantly Spanish sources and thus an Iberian lens to his research.2 It was not until the 1970s and 80s that U.S. scholars, under the leadership of James Lockhart, developed a methodology called the New Philology, which focuses on native- language driven research on colonial Mexican history.3 The New Philology has become an important research method in the examination of native communities and the ways in which they changed and adapted to Spanish rule while also holding on to some of their own social and cultural practices and traditions. This historiography focuses on continuities and changes in indigenous communities, particularly the evolution of indigenous socio-political structures and socio-economic relationships under Spanish rule, in three regions of Mexico: Central Mexico, Yucatan, and Oaxaca. Pre-Conquest Community Structure As previously mentioned, Lockhart provided the first scholarship following the New Philology methodology in the United States and applied it to Central Mexico. In his book, The Nahuas After the Conquest, Lockhart lays out the basic structure of Nahua communities in great detail.4 The Nahua, the prominent indigenous group in Central Mexico, organized into communities called altepetl. -
Nahua Newsletter News
NAHUA NEWSLETTER NEWS Welcome to the Nahua Newsletter, your biannual publication devoted to scholarship and research into the culture, language, and history of Nahua peoples and other indigenous groups in Mesoamerica. With issue number 44 we complete 22 years of publication in service to our readers. The purpose of the NN is to increase communication among researchers and others interested in Nahua affairs, and to provide a point of focus and source of information for readers. Last year we combined issues 42 and 43 because we were conducing ethnographic field research in a Nahua community in northern Veracruz, Mexico. Now we are back and will resume the normal biannual November and February publication cycle. As most readers are aware, past issues of the NN are freely accessible online (minus the illustrations in the printed copy that serve to draw attention to new publications). It is our pleasure to announce that the NN now has a new domain name and redesigned Web presence — The Nahua Newsletter has moved to http://www.nahuanewsletter.org. The creative design work was done by Santiago Montalvo, a full-time student and member of the Web development team at Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne. Many thanks, Santiago! The NN now includes a photo gallery of photographs taken in the traditional Nahua community of our field research, in the municipio of Ixhuatlán de Madero, Veracruz. We hope that readers will enjoy this new feature. We have had to make a very difficult decision regarding our readers who are incarcerated. Several years ago, someone brought a copy of the NN into the California state prison system and we received an immediate and enthusiastic response from inmates. -
Insights from the Ancient Word: the Use of Colonial Sources in the Study of Aztec Society
This is a repository copy of Insights from the Ancient Word: The use of colonial sources in the study of Aztec society. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/98075/ Version: Accepted Version Book Section: Dodds Pennock, C. (2011) Insights from the Ancient Word: The use of colonial sources in the study of Aztec society. In: Roque, R. and Wagner, K.A., (eds.) Engaging Colonial Knowledge: Reading European Archives in World History. Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies Series . Palgrave Macmillan , Basingstoke , pp. 115-134. ISBN 9780230241985 Reuse Unless indicated otherwise, fulltext items are protected by copyright with all rights reserved. The copyright exception in section 29 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 allows the making of a single copy solely for the purpose of non-commercial research or private study within the limits of fair dealing. The publisher or other rights-holder may allow further reproduction and re-use of this version - refer to the White Rose Research Online record for this item. Where records identify the publisher as the copyright holder, users can verify any specific terms of use on the publisher’s website. Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Insights from the ‘Ancient Word’: The use of colonial sources in the study of Aztec society Caroline Dodds Pennock When the Spanish conquistadors invaded Mexico in 1519, they found themselves confronted with a society who regarded the fundamentals of civilization in an entirely different way. -
Indigenous Culture and Religion Before and Since the Conquest
Review: Indigenous Culture and Religion before and since the Conquest Reviewed Work(s): Legends of the Plumed Serpent: Biography of a Mexican God by Neil Baldwin; The Myth of Quetzalcoatl by Enrique Florescano and Lysa Hochroth; Time and Sacrifice in the Aztec Cosmos by Kay Almere Read; Inka Bodies and the Body of Christ: Corpus Christi in Colonial Cuzco, Peru by Carolyn Dean; Indigenous South Americans of the Past and Present: An Ecological Perspective by David J. Wilson; Native Traditions in the Postconquest World by Elizabeth Hill Boone and Tom Cummins; Indian Slavery, Labor, Evangelization, and Captivity in the Americas: An Annotated Bibliography by Russell M. Magnaghi Review by: Anna L. Peterson Source: Latin American Research Review, Vol. 36, No. 2 (2001), pp. 237-254 Published by: The Latin American Studies Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2692098 Accessed: 16-08-2017 17:50 UTC JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at http://about.jstor.org/terms The Latin American Studies Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Latin American Research Review This content downloaded from 128.227.229.73 on Wed, 16 Aug 2017 17:50:15 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms INDIGENOUS CULTURE AND RELIGION BEFORE AND SINCE THE CONQUEST Anna L. -
ASE Program Draft
American Society for Ethnohistory Annual Meeting Sessions Schedule THURSDAY, 8:00 – 8:40 a.m. Ponencia Magistral / Keynote Address Thursday, 8:00 – 8:40 a.m., Hotel Victoria Auditorium * "Oaxaca and the X of Mexico," Alejandro de Ávila B., Jardín Etnobotánico de Oaxaca THURSDAY, 9:00 – 10:40 a.m. 1. Slavery and Servitude in the Cherokee Nation, New France, New England, and the U.S. Great Lakes Region Thursday, 9:00 – 10:40 a.m., Room: Chair: Rebecca Kugel, University of California, Riverside • "War, Slavery and Baptism: The Rise of French-Indigenous Networks at Detroit," Karen Marrero, Wayne State University • "Undergrounds before the Age of Rail: Helping Slaves Escape in 18th-Century New England," Margaret Ellen Newell, Ohio State University • "Unfree Children in the U.S. Midwest, 1800-1860," Lucy Eldersveld Murphy, Ohio State University • "Slavery in the Family: The Hildebrands in the Cherokee Nation, 1806-1866," Rose Stremlau, Davidson College Commentator: Audience 2. Indigenous Resistance in Post-Colonial Oaxaca Thursday, 9:00 – 10:40 a.m., Room: Chair: • "The Rise of APPO and Ethnic Politics in Oaxaca: Mobilizing for a Plurinational Mexico," Arturo Zepeda, California State University, Northridge • "Climate Smart Agriculture in Indigenous Communities of Oaxaca, México: Readiness and Resistance for REDD+ Projects," Neftali Hernández, University of British Columbia, Vancouver • "Entre reivindicación y resistencia: los pueblos indígenas de Oaxaca y la introducción del sistema educativo público en el siglo XIX," Daniela Traffano, CIESAS Pacífico Sur Commentator: 1 3. Alimentación en una sociedad en transformación: tres casos de estudio en la Nueva España Thursday, 9:00 – 10:40 a.m., Room: Chair: Angélica Afanador-Pujol, Arizona State University • "Alimentación y sistemas productivos en Michoacán, siglo XVI," Carlos S. -
El Gran Teatro Del Mundo Traducido Por Don Bartolomé De Alva Ixtlilxóchitl
CRITICÓN, 87-88-89, 2003, pp. 925-934. Inspiración italiana y contexto americano: El gran teatro del mundo traducido por don Bartolomé de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl Elizabeth R. Wright University of Georgia Louise M. Burkhart State University of New York at Albany Barry D. Sell Glendale, California Entre las sorpresas que nos ha deparado la historia literaria, podríamos señalar el hecho de que la primera versión conocida de El gran teatro del mundo de Calderón sea una traducción al náhuatl, el idioma del imperio azteca. Esto se debe a que en la cuarta década del siglo xvn, don Bartolomé de Alva Ixtlilxóchitl, un cura beneficiado que descendía de la realeza mexicana por parte de madre y de colonizadores españoles por ambos lados, tradujo el auto sacramental al náhuatl. Alva dedicó la pieza teatral al padre Jacome Basilio, un jesuíta oriundo de Bari, quien, tras llegar a México en 1642, logró pronto reconocimiento por su dominio de la "lengua mexicana" En estas páginas, evaluaremos este primer Gran teatro dentro del contexto intelectual y pedagógico que unió al traductor mexicano con el entorno del jesuíta italiano. Sirva nuestro estudio de esta extraordinaria colaboración novohispana como homenaje a Stefano Arata, un gran maestro que —en sendas cartas enviadas desde Roma a otro rincón más norteño del 926 WRIGHT, BURKHART, SELL Criticón, 87-88-89,2003 continente americano— nos transmitió una pasión y un compromiso intelectual hacia el teatro español que tanto se echan de menos1. La convergencia entre el traductor mestizo y el jesuíta italiano no fue una mera casualidad, sino fruto del cosmopolitismo novohispano que, según señala Serge Gruzinski, es la base de una «primera globalización occidental» que tuvo lugar bajo el imperio hispano2. -
The Mixtec Pictorial Manuscripts the Early Americas: History and Culture
The Mixtec Pictorial Manuscripts The Early Americas: History and Culture General Editor Alexander Geurds, Leiden University Editorial Board Nikolai Grube, Bonn University John Hoopes, University of Kansas Maarten Jansen, Leiden University Arthur Joyce, University of Colorado Michael Smith, Arizona State University Eric Taladoire, Sorbonne Laura Van Broekhoven, National Museum of Ethnology, Leiden VOLUME 1 The Mixtec Pictorial Manuscripts Time, Agency and Memory in Ancient Mexico By Maarten E.R.G.N. Jansen Gabina Aurora Pérez Jiménez LEIDEN • BOSTON 2011 This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the cc-by-nc 4.0 License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided no alterations are made and the original author(s) and source are credited. On the cover: Monument to ancient Mixtec rulers in Yanhuitlan (Oaxaca, Mexico), inspired by a scene in Codex Añute. This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Jansen, Maarten E. R. G. N. (Maarten Evert Reinoud Gerard Nicolaas), 1952- The Mixtec pictorial manuscripts : time, agency, and memory in ancient Mexico / by Maarten E.R.G.N. Jansen and Gabina Aurora Perez Jimenez. p. cm. — (The early Americas : history and culture, ISSN 1875-3264 ; v. 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-18752-8 (hardback : alk. paper) 1. Manuscripts, Mixtec. 2. Picture-writing—Mexico. 3. Mixtec language—Writing. 4. Mixtec Indians—History. 5. Mexico—History—To 1519. I. Pérez Jiménez, Gabina Aurora. II. Title. III. Series. F1219.54.M59J37 2010 972’.7401—dc22 2010030391 ISSN 1875-3264 ISBN 978 90 04 18752 8 Copyright 2011 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. -
Nahuatl on the Western and Northern Frontiers of New Spain
Where Bilingualism Mattered: Nahuatl on the Western and Northern Frontiers of New Spain Ricardo García UCLA Abstract During the colonial period (1521–1821), translators facilitated the expansion and preser- vation of Spanish rule in what is now Mexico. Doña Marina relied on her knowledge of Nahuatl, Maya, and Spanish to aid the Spanish forces led by Hernán Cortés, and the indi- vidual situations where she became a translator can be considered episodes of translation, but episodes with other translators are less well known. This study examines two episodes where translators relied on Nahuatl as a mediating language on the frontiers of Spanish hegemony, and it proposes that Nahuatl served as a lingua franca in these areas.* Keywords: ladino, Nahuas, Nahuatl, Nahuatlato, New Philology, Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, Spaniard, theory of language relativity, and thick description. 1. Introduction. From 1519 to 1521, Doña Marina played a crucial role in the downfall of the Aztec Empire because as a speaker of Mayan, Nahuatl, and Spanish, she facilitated communications between the Spaniards, their allies, and the Nahua Indians who opposed them.1 She acted as an interpreter, and she aided the Spaniards because of what Nahuas, native Nahuatl-speakers, had accomplished in Mesoamerica. First, Nahuas from the city-states of Tenochtitlan, Tetzcoco, and Tlacopan created the Aztec Empire, which controlled most of central Mexico except for some territories, the most important of which was occupied by the Nahuas of Tlaxcala, their enemies.2 Second, many sources suggest that when the Europeans arrived, Nahuas lived beyond the borders of the Aztec Empire.3 Third, Nahuas had such an important social, political, * The author wants to thank Nancy Ballesteros, Claudia Parodi, Belén Villareal, and the other members of CEEEUS for their comments and support. -
View / Open Fitzgerald Oregon 0171A 12525.Pdf
UNHOLY PEDAGOGY: LOCAL KNOWLEDGE, INDIGENOUS INTERMEDIARIES, AND THE LESSONS FROM SPANISH COLONIAL LEARNINGSCAPES, 1400—1650 by JOSHUA JACOB FITZGERALD A DISSERTATION Presented to the Department of History and the Graduate School of the University of Oregon in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy June 2019 DISSERTATION APPROVAL PAGE Student: Joshua Jacob Fitzgerald Title: Unholy Pedagogy: Local Knowledge, Indigenous Intermediaries, and the Lessons of Spanish Colonial Learningscapes, 1400—1650. This dissertation has been accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Doctor of Philosophy degree in the Department of History by: Robert Haskett Chairperson, Advisor Carlos Aguirre Core Member Jeffery Ostler Core Member Stephanie Wood Core Member Brian Klopotek Institutional Representative and Janet Woodruff-Borden Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School Original approval signatures are on file with the University of Oregon Graduate School. Degree awarded June 2019 ii © 2019 Joshua Jacob Fitzgerald Add Creative Commons info if appropriate iii DISSERTATION ABSTRACT Joshua Jacob Fitzgerald Doctor of Philosophy Department of History June 2019 Title: Unholy Pedagogy: Local Knowledge, Indigenous Intermediaries, and the Lessons from Spanish Colonial Learningscapes, 1400—1650. Mexico’s history of Unholy Pedagogy examines the history of colonial education schooling It argues that Nahua students 350 words iv CURRICULUM VITAE NAME OF AUTHOR: Joshua Jacob Fitzgerald GRADUATE AND -
Review/Reseña Nahua and Zapotec Colonial Experiences Michel R
Vol. 8, No. 2, Winter 2011, 383-391 www.ncsu.edu/project/acontracorriente Review/Reseña Susan Schroeder, ed. The Conquest All Over Again: Nahuas and Zapotecs Thinking, Writing, and Painting Spanish Colonialism. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 2010. Nahua and Zapotec Colonial Experiences Michel R. Oudijk Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México The book under review is a collection of nine essays by renowned ethnohistorians. The main title and the introduction by Susan Schroeder describe their contents as related to the conquest of Mexico, and as such, seem to be another of a considerable number of publications on the subject (Matthew and Oudijk, 2007; Oudijk and Restall, 2008; Asselbergs, 2008). In the introduction these nine contributions are explicitly identified with what has been called the “New Conquest History, which perceptively and boldly shifts attention from the familiar, singular Spanish version of what transpires during the taking of the Aztecs’ capital and complements, but challenges it with a new, vital literature produced by and for the natives themselves” (8). Given this clear position, it is somewhat surprising that after having read the book I have to conclude that only one of the nine chapters Oudijk 384 counters “official” conquest historiography, and most do not deal with the conquest at all. Curiously enough, the essays do not fit under the banner of the subtitle either. It suggests that the texts deal with how Nahuas and Zapotecs viewed Spanish colonialism. However, although some of the authors discuss how Nahua chroniclers and scribes responded to new necessities of the colonial period, this is a far cry from their view on Spanish colonialism. -
Nahua Moral Philosophy
http://www.mexicolore.co.uk/aztecs/home/nahua-moral-philosophy March 17, 2013 Nahua Moral Philosophy We are greatly indebted to Louise Burkhart, Professor of Anthropology at The University at Albany, State University of New York (USA), for this wise, profound and insightful introduction to the moral codes and teachings of the Mexica (Aztec) people, written specially for Mexicolore. xxx Early colonial documents about Nahua civilization preserve much information about moral philosophy: what Nahuas considered good and bad behavior, how people should live, and the results of moral or immoral acts. These issues were extremely important in the dialogue between Nahuas and the Roman Catholic friars who sought to convert them to Christianity. Christian moral philosophy centered around rules such as the Ten Commandments, ideas about sin and its punishment, and belief in heaven and hell. Although Nahuas and European Christians agreed in many ways about what constituted bad Pic 1: The “virtuous daughter” is a diligent weaver. Florentine behavior—from disobedience and laziness to Codex Book 10, f. 2r. (Click on image to enlarge) adultery and murder—their reasons for avoiding these acts were quite different. Nahuas acted morally not to show love and respect for God, or to avoid being punished in the afterlife, but to follow the models set by their ancestors, to maintain a good reputation, and to ensure the health and well-being of themselves and their loved ones during their lives on earth. The Nahuas had a concept of sin, tlatlacolli, which the Catholic missionaries adopted when they wanted to translate their own terms, Spanish pecado or Latin peccatum. -
Holy Wednesday and Colonial Ritual/Theatre
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Publications and Research New York City College of Technology 2006 The Sacred Performative: Holy Wednesday and Colonial Ritual/ Theatre Christopher B. Swift CUNY New York City College of Technology How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/ny_pubs/172 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] The Journal of Religion and Theatre, Vol. 5, No. 2, Fall 2006 http://www.rtjournal.org This Article: http://www.rtjournal.org/vol_5/no_2/swift.html The Sacred Performative: Holy Wednesday and Colonial Ritual/Theatre by Christopher Swift Holy Wednesday is a late sixteenth century adaptation of a Spanish auto sacramental written in alphabetized Nahuatl, the predominant pre-Columbian language spoken on the High Central Plateau of Mexico. The author remains unknown, however he was likely a Nahua amanuensis educated by Franciscans at Colegio de Santa Cruz in Tlatelolco. Religious drama was one of the important evangelizing tools of the Catholic brotherhoods in colonial Mexico and although a record of performance of Holy Wednesday does not exist, this dramatic depiction of the final meeting of Christ and Mary prior to the crucifixion was almost certainly performed as part of Holy Week celebrations.1 This paper builds on the scholarship of Louise Burkhart by placing the play-text more specifically in performance and performative contexts. In addition to theatrical contexts and material performance conditions, this paper reads Holy Wednesday as it performs in wider social and linguistic frames and as a subject of two critical modes: transculturation and performativity.