Miðnámsrit #8, Desember 2015
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The Prose Edda
THE PROSE EDDA SNORRI STURLUSON (1179–1241) was born in western Iceland, the son of an upstart Icelandic chieftain. In the early thirteenth century, Snorri rose to become Iceland’s richest and, for a time, its most powerful leader. Twice he was elected law-speaker at the Althing, Iceland’s national assembly, and twice he went abroad to visit Norwegian royalty. An ambitious and sometimes ruthless leader, Snorri was also a man of learning, with deep interests in the myth, poetry and history of the Viking Age. He has long been assumed to be the author of some of medieval Iceland’s greatest works, including the Prose Edda and Heimskringla, the latter a saga history of the kings of Norway. JESSE BYOCK is Professor of Old Norse and Medieval Scandinavian Studies at the University of California, Los Angeles, and Professor at UCLA’s Cotsen Institute of Archaeology. A specialist in North Atlantic and Viking Studies, he directs the Mosfell Archaeological Project in Iceland. Prof. Byock received his Ph.D. from Harvard University after studying in Iceland, Sweden and France. His books and translations include Viking Age Iceland, Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power, Feud in the Icelandic Saga, The Saga of King Hrolf Kraki and The Saga of the Volsungs: The Norse Epic of Sigurd the Dragon Slayer. SNORRI STURLUSON The Prose Edda Norse Mythology Translated with an Introduction and Notes by JESSE L. BYOCK PENGUIN BOOKS PENGUIN CLASSICS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Group (USA) Inc., -
An Encapsulation of Óðinn: Religious Belief and Ritual Practice Among The
An Encapsulation of Óðinn: Religious belief and ritual practice among the Viking Age elite with particular focus upon the practice of ritual hanging 500 -1050 AD A thesis presented in 2015 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Scandinavian Studies at the University of Aberdeen by Douglas Robert Dutton M.A in History, University of Aberdeen MLitt in Scandinavian Studies, University of Aberdeen Centre for Scandinavian Studies The University of Aberdeen Summary The cult surrounding the complex and core Old Norse deity Óðinn encompasses a barely known group who are further disappearing into the folds of time. This thesis seeks to shed light upon and attempt to understand a motif that appears to be well recognised as central to the worship of this deity but one rarely examined in any depth: the motivations for, the act of and the resulting image surrounding the act of human sacrifice or more specifically, hanging and the hanged body. The cult of Óðinn and its more violent aspects has, with sufficient cause, been a topic carefully set aside for many years after the Second World War. Yet with the ever present march of time, we appear to have reached a point where it has become possible to discuss such topics in the light of modernity. To do so, I adhere largely to a literary studies model, focussing primarily upon eddic and skaldic poetry and the consistent underlying motifs expressed in conjunction with descriptions of this seemingly ritualistic act. To these, I add the study of legal and historical texts, linguistics and contemporary chronicles. -
MA Ritgerð in Search of Askr Yggdrasill
MA ritgerð Norræn trú In Search of askr Yggdrasill A Phenomenological Approach to the Role of Trees in Old Nordic Religions Jan Aksel Harder Klitgaard Leiðbeinandi: Terry Adrian Gunnell Júní 2018 In Search of askr Yggdrasill A Phenomenological Approach to the Role of Trees in Old Nordic Religions Jan Aksel Harder Klitgaard Lokaverkefni til MA–gráðu í Norrænni trú Leiðbeinandi: Terry Adrian Gunnell 60 einingar Félags– og mannvísindadeild Félagsvísindasvið Háskóla Íslands Júni, 2018 In Search of askr Yggdrasill Ritgerð þessi er lokaverkefni til MA-gráðu í Norrænni trú og er óheimilt að afrita ritgerðina á nokkurn hátt nema með leyfi rétthafa. © Jan Aksel Harder Klitgaard, 2018 Prentun: Háskólaprent Reykjavík, Ísland, 2018 Abstract This thesis contains a study of the role of trees in Old Nordic religions during the Iron Age and Viking Age from a phenomenological and comparative perspective and includes three discussion chapters, each with its own main topic: the world-tree; trees as people and vice versa; and real living trees. It has been conducted in order to clarify certain issues regarding how ancient Scandinavians might have perceived the world and then in particular trees, metaphysical trees and real trees. In the discussion chapters, the thesis reflects upon narratives in the extant written source material which would have been part of the phenomenology of trees, in the light of the ever-growing bulk of archaeological material reflecting remnants of symbolic and ritualistic behaviour relating to trees. The project argues that we need to sidestep with our modern perception of the world if we wish to understand how trees might have been understood in a religious sense in the Old Nordic world. -
A Handbook of Norse Mythology
v p y 9704 A HANDBOOK OF NORSE MYTHOLOGY BY KARL MORTENSEN DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN ; ADJUNCT AT THE CATHEDRAL SCHOOL (ROYAL GYMNASIUM) AT ODENSB TRANSLATED FROM THE DANISH BY A. CLINTON CROWELL ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR IN BROWN UNIVERSITY 1 ' , . * ' ' - r , * - . l I I . , NEW YORK THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY PUBLISHERS THE NEW YORK PUBLIC LIBRARY COPYRIGHT, 1913, BY THOMAS Y. CROWELL COMPANY. Published March, 1913. AUTHOR'S PREFACE THIS popular presentation of the myths and sagas which took shape here in the North but whose foundation is common property of all the people who speak a Gothic-Germanic language, first appeared in 1898 and has been used since then in the study of Xorse Mythology in the high schools and universities of all the Scandina- vian countries. Since Professor Crowell has thought that the little book might also achieve a modest success in the youngest but richest and.mosi powerful branch which has grown iron, cur ccmin-on >;uot, I have without hesitation, accopte^ his friendly pro- posal to transjate.jc into English. I find r great satisfaction m, hav -;ig my work put into the world's most comprehensive lan- guage and placed before students in the United States, where I have so many friends, where so many relatives and fel- low-countrymen have found a home and a iii iv AUTHOR'S PREFACE future, and toward which country we Northerners look with the deepest admira- tion and respect for the mighty forces which are seeking to control material things and to break new ground in the infinite realms of the intellect. -
Chapter Summaries & Glossary
CHAPTER SUMMARIES & GLOSSARY Urd. It is here they find the dying gods and charm that Woden gave him but he CHAPTER Freya can hardly believe these babbling accidentally casts a love spell on Roskva ghosts where once great rulers. By blowing instead. They manage to escape from what SUMMARIES Heimdall's horn Freya has cracked open the turns out to be a giant's glove! earth and awoken The Sleeping Army (the 1. The British Museum Lewis chessmen) but unfortunately she’s only 6. Thrymheim managed to wake Roskva, Alfi and Snot. Wandering around an empty British Museum Woden explains that goddess Idunn has been Reaching Thrymheim they enter Thjazi’s lair (where her dad works as a night guard) Freya abducted by the giant Thjazi, aided by evil to search for Idunn but are disturbed by his becomes mesmerised by the Lewis trickster Loki. The Sleeping Army (however daughter, the giantess. Our heroes trick her Chessmen – an ancient set of chess pieces diminished) must save her. Their punishment into handing over Idunn (who has been discovered on a Scottish island. She if they do not succeed? To be turned back into turned into a nut) by pretending that Thor's discovers a huge ceremonial Viking horn chess pieces forever – Freya included. Woden most handsome son is seeking a wife. She (Heimdall's Horn) and the urge to touch it is gives each of them a secret rune to help in warns them to leave before Thjazi returns. As irresistible…. Freya blows the horn and all hell their quest. With the warning to watch out for they climb onto Sleipnir to make their escape, breaks loose: the sound is deafening. -
Paradise Gardens
PARADISE GARDENS 001-005 Paradise Gardens PRELIMS.indd 1 23/01/2015 15:44 Pharaoh Hatshepsut’s funerary monument Deir el Bahari, Egypt Djeser-Djeseru was designed by architect The pool was planted with papyrus which was Senenmout and is located on the west bank of believed to be another home of Hathor and in a the Nile and aligned onto the Temple of Amun temple setting was used in both its dedication (a local Theban god) on the opposite bank at and during funerary rites. Around the pools Karnak. Rising in terraces Hatshepsut’s temple about 66 pits were cut into the rock and probably merges into the sheer limestone cliffs of Deir planted with trees to form a shady grove. el Bahari in which it was believed Hathor On the second and third terrace Hatshepsut resided. From the river and leading up to the appears in statue form as Osiris. Within the second terrace was an avenue lined with 120 innermost shrine on the upper terrace are two huge statues at 10 metre spacings. Depicting wall carvings showing a fish pool planted with the queen as a sphinx, they represented the lotus beside which are gardens devoted to power of Egypt and acted as guardians of the growing bitter lettuce (Lactuca serriola), a approach, which was also lined from the river perceived aphrodisiac and sacred to the phallic to the outer court with an avenue of trees. creation divinity Amun-Min. Here too is Either side of the gateway leading into this depicted the first record of plant hunting. -
Norse Mythology
A H AN D BOO K O F NO RSE MYTHO LOGY KA RL MORTENSEN DOCT O R OF PH I L OSO PHY UN IV E RS ITY O F CO P EN H AGEN ; A DJU NCT A T TH E CA TH E DRA L S CH OO L ( ROYAL GYM NASIUM) A T O DENSE TRAN SL A TED F ROM TH E DANISH I A . CL N TON CROWEL L ASS OCIATE PR OF ESSOR KN B ROW N UNIV ERS ITY N EW YORK W TH OMAS Y . CRO ELL COMPAN Y P UB LI SH E RS A U TH OR ’S P RE F A CE TH IS p o pular pre s entati o n o f th e myth s and s aga s w h ich to o k shap e he re in th e N o rth but wh o s e fo undati o n i s co mmo n pro perty o f all th e p e o ple w h o s pe ak a Go - Ge e s e e thic rmanic languag , fir t app ar d in 1898 and h as bee n u se d s ince th en in th e s tudy o f N o r s e Myth o l o gy in th e high s ch o o l s and unive rs iti e s o f all th e S candina P e o o e vian c o untries . S ince ro f s s r Cr w ll h as th o ught that th e little b o o k might al s o achieve a m o de s t s ucc es s in th e y o unges t but rich es t and m o st p o we r ful branch which “ - s o frOm our o mOn . -
Teorias E Métodos Para O Estudo Da Mitologia Nórdica Theories and M Ethods for the Study of N Orse Mythology
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/1677 -1222.2018vol18i1a12 INTERCÂMBIO Teorias e métodos para o estudo da mitologia nórdica Theories and m ethods for the study of N orse mythology Johnni Langer * Resumo: O presente artigo realiza uma sistematização bibliográfica e analítica sobre algumas teorias do mito e suas aplicações conceituais para a Mitologia Nórdica. Também realizamos algumas discussões meto dológicas de análise, exemplificando com alguns temas (a donzela do escudo, Teogonia germânica e nórdica, a árvore cósmica euroasiática) e excertos de fontes primárias ( De Origine et situ Germanorum, V ǫluspá, Grímnismál, Gylfaginning, Örvar-Oddr saga e a tapeçaria de Överhogdal, entre outras) . Os pressupostos teóricos e metodológicos predominantes são o Estruturalismo, a Mitologia Comparada e os estudos abordando a cultura visual dos mitos. Também desen volvemos uma pequena sistematização de algumas das críticas apontadas aos referenciais da fenomenologia aplicada à interpretação dos mitos, especialmente as que foram desenvolvidas pelos escandinavistas . Palavras-Chave: Mitologia Nórdica . Mito. Comparativismo. Mito e imagem. Estruturalismo . Abstract: This article presents a bibliographical and analytical systematization on some theories of the myth and its conceptual applications for Norse Mythology. We also carried out some methodological discussions of an alysis, exemplifying with some themes (The Shield Maiden, Germanic and Norse Theogony, the Euro -Asian cosmic tree) and excerpts from primary sources (De Origine et situ Germanorum, V ǫluspá, Grímnismál, Gylfaginning , Örvar-Oddr saga , Överhogdal tapestry, am ong others). The predominant theoretical and methodological assumptions are Structuralism, Comparative Mythology and studies addressing the visual culture of myths. We have also developed a small systematization of some of the criticisms pointed to the ref erences of phenomenology applied to the interpretation of myths, especially those developed by the Scandinavians . -
Turville Petre Myth and Religion of the North
Myth and Religion of the North The Religion of Ancient Scandinavia E. O. G. TURVILLE-PETRE GREENWOOD PRESS, PUBLISHERS WESTPORT, CONNECTICUT ( —— CONTENTS Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Turville -Petrs, Edward Oswald Gabriel. Myth and religion of the North. Reprint of the ed. published by Holt, Rinehart and PREFACE ix Winston, New York. Bibliography: p. Includes index. I THE SOURCES I -Religion. 1. Mythology, Norse. 2. Scandinavia- Introductory—Old Norse Poetry—Histories and Sagas I. Title. Snorri Sturluson—Saxo Grammaticus [BL860.T8 1975] 293' -0948 75-5003 ISBN 0-8371-7420-1 II OBINN 35 God of Poetry—Lord of the Gallows—God of War—Father of Gods and Men— 5dinn and his Animals—Odinn’s Names Odinn’s Eye—The Cult of Odinn—Woden-Wotan / III VxV‘~W'- \ THOR 75 Thdr and the Serpent—Thdr and the Giants—Thdr’s Ham- mer and his Goats—The Worship of Thor—Thdr in the Viking Colonies—Thdr-Thunor—Conclusion IV BALDR 106 The West Norse Sources—Saxo—The Character of Baldr and his Cult Continental and English Tradition * 2551069268 * — Filozoficka fakulta V LOKI 126 Univerzity Karlovy v Praze VI HEIMDALL 147 VII THE VANIR 156 The War of the JSsir and Vanir—Njord—Freyr-Frddi-Ner- thus-Ing—Freyja Winston, New York Originally published in 1964 by Holt, Rinehart and VIII LESSER-KNOWN DEITIES 180 1964 by E.O.G. Turville-Petre Copyright © Tyr—UI1—Bragi—Idunn—Gefjun—Frigg and others permission of Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. Reprinted with the IX THE DIVINE KINGS 190 Reprinted in 1975 by Greenwood Press X THE DIVINE HEROES 196 A division -
Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard Series Guide
This guide is aligned with the College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards (CCR) for Literature, Writing, Language, and Speaking and Listening. The broad CCR standards are the foundation for the grade level–specific Common Core State Standards. EDUCATOR’S GUIDE Disney • HYPERION BOOKS C50% 3 ABOUT THE BOOKS THE SWORD OF SUMMER MAGNUS CHASE AND THE GODS OF ASGARD, BOOK 1 Magnus Chase has always been a troubled kid. Since his mother’s mysterious death, he’s lived alone on the streets of Boston, surviving by his wits, keeping one step ahead of the police and the truant officers. One day, he’s tracked down by an uncle he barely knows—a man his mother claimed was dangerous. Uncle Randolph tells him an impossible secret: Magnus is the son of a Norse god. The Viking myths are true. The gods of Asgard are preparing for war. Trolls, giants, and worse monsters are stirring for doomsday. To prevent Ragnarok, Magnus must search the Nine Worlds for a weapon that has been lost for thousands of years. When an attack by fire giants forces him to choose between his own safety and the lives of hundreds of innocents, Magnus makes a fatal decision. Sometimes, the only way to start a new life is to die. THE HAMMER OF THOR MAGNUS CHASE AND THE GODS OF ASGARD, BOOK 2 Thor’s hammer is missing again. The thunder god has a disturbing habit of misplacing his weapon— the mightiest force in the Nine Worlds. But this time the hammer isn’t just lost; it has fallen into enemy hands. -
Handbook for the Deceased: Re-Evaluating Literature and Folklore
HANDBOOK FOR THE DECEASED: RE-EVALUATING LITERATURE AND FOLKLORE IN ICELANDIC ARCHAEOLOGY by BRENDA PREHAL A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, The City University of New York. 2021 © 2020 BRENDA PREHAL All rights reserved. ii Handbook for the Deceased: Re-evaluating Literature and Folklore in Icelandic Archaeology by Brenda Prehal This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Anthropology in satisfaction of the dissertation requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date Thomas McGovern Chair of Examining Committee Date Jeff Maskovsky Executive Officer Supervisory Committee: Timothy Pugh Astrid Ogilvie Adolf Frðriksson THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK iii ABSTRACT Handbook for the Deceased: Re-Evaluating Literature and Folklore in Icelandic Archaeology by Brenda Prehal Advisor: Thomas McGovern The rich medieval Icelandic literary record, comprised of mythology, sagas, poetry, law codes and post-medieval folklore, has provided invaluable source material for previous generations of scholars attempting to reconstruct a pagan Scandinavian Viking Age worldview. In modern Icelandic archaeology, however, the Icelandic literary record, apart from official documents such as censuses, has not been considered a viable source for interpretation since the early 20th century. Although the Icelandic corpus is problematic in several ways, it is a source that should be used in Icelandic archaeological interpretation, if used properly with source criticism. This dissertation aims to advance Icelandic archaeological theory by reintegrating the medieval and post-medieval Icelandic literary corpus back into archaeological interpretation. The literature can help archaeologists working in Iceland to find pagan religious themes that span time and place. -
Freyja and Freyr: Successors of the Sun
Freyja and Freyr: Successors of the Sun On the absence of the sun in Nordic saga literature Lan Wang Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 28, 05, 2017 Freyja and Freyr: Successors of the Sun On the absence of the sun in Nordic saga literature Lan Wang Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies UNIVERSITETET I OSLO 28, 05, 2017 Summary Comparing the sagas and those two Eddas, there is a significant difference that the Sun is only regarded as a physical object in sagas, while many narrations of the goddess Sól exist in both the Poetic Edda and the Prose Edda, though far less frequent than that of those main gods, such as Freyja, Freyr, Odin and so on. Here comes the question why the Sun is missing in Nordic saga literature, considering its vital role in the religious life in Bronze Age North. By investigating the sun worship in the Bronze Age, as well as those historical and legendary works, such as Germania, History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen, Poetic Edda, Prose Edda, and Ynglings Saga, and so on, I conclude that there is a strong connection among the Sun, Nerthus-Njǫrðr, and Freyja-Freyr. Nerthus travels on her wagon and brings peace and good seasons to people, while Njǫrðr, the male counterpart of Nerthus, was worshiped as the protector of maritime. Both of these two features could have been derived from the course of the Sun through the sky during the day on the sun-chariot, and through the underworld at night, maybe on a ship, which can also be interpreted as a metaphor of the regeneration of plants and crops, and even connected with the journey from This World to the Other World.